CN106212154A - Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region macadimia nut cultural method - Google Patents
Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region macadimia nut cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106212154A CN106212154A CN201610588767.XA CN201610588767A CN106212154A CN 106212154 A CN106212154 A CN 106212154A CN 201610588767 A CN201610588767 A CN 201610588767A CN 106212154 A CN106212154 A CN 106212154A
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- macadimia nut
- medicament
- probenazole
- thiophanate methyl
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region macadimia nut cultural method, comprise the following steps: breed breeding, whole, nursery and grafting, plant, prune, water and fertilizer management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；Concretely comprising the following steps of described pest management: use and carried out spraying preventing and treating by the medicament of thiophanate methyl and probenazole mixture, in described medicament, the mass ratio of thiophanate methyl and probenazole is 5 8:1, and it is 60 70% that described thiophanate methyl and probenazole account for the mass percent of medicament.Medicament is diluted to during spraying 500 800 times of liquid earth's surface and the branch of macadimia nut, leaf, fruit are sprayed comprehensively, every spray in 10 15 days once.The present invention utilizes macadimia nut as planting trees on barren hills, the vanguard tree seed of the solid soil of Radix Saposhnikoviae, can not only recover Karst hill area ecological environment, and can increase income for the local farmers masses.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultural method of economic plants, particularly a kind of macadimia nut cultivation side, Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region
Method.
Background technology
Macadimia nut (Latin literary fame: Macadamia ternifolia F.) has another name called Hawaii nut, belongs to Proteaceae and plants
Thing, among numerous dry fruits, the economic worth of macadimia nut is the highest, and the reputation usually enjoying " king of dry fruit " claims.Macadimia nut
In off-white color, kernel is nutritious, oil content about 70%, protein 9%, containing including that 8 kinds of aminoacid of needed by human exist
17 kinds of interior aminoacid, also rich in mineral substances and vitamin.Macadimia nut, in addition to making dry fruit, also can make cake, chalk
Power, edible oil, cosmetics etc..Peel can mix up feed stripped after pulverizing, and shell can make activated carbon or make fuel, it is possible to pulverizes
Make the inserts of plastic.
Due to climate difference, the place that can plant macadimia nut is few, and the yield of results is less.South China benign climate,
Can plant, but there is a lot of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain area on the ground such as Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong.Stony desertification area reaches 12.96 ten thousand
Square kilometre, the most about land area of phagocytosis 1856 square kilometres, totally in aggravation trend.For intensity stony desertification ground
District, due to the relation numerous imbalances of human and environment, the mankind lack basic conditions of existence, and therefore the improvement to stony desertification is mainly adopted
Take the ecological strategy based on clear-cutting forestland, planned, do systematically Ecological Immigration, the measure such as take to close hillsides to facilitate afforestation progressively
Recover vegetation, and reasonable development karst eco-tour.For moderate Rocky Desertification Region, mainly take the ecology to administer
Strategy, by conceding the land to forestry, developing, the measures such as farm forestry are actively administered.For slight Rocky Desertification Region, mainly take to administer
It is that ecology main, that strengthen preventing is strategic, carries out the Comprehensive ecological control of the ecological agriculture, courtyard economy, strengthen farmland capital construction,
Rural energy construction and man and livestock drinking water project construction, protect existing soil and vegetation cover, prevents new stony desertification
Soil.
After scientific research for many years and practice, people start at Rocky Desertification Region plantation macadimia nut both to recognize
Energy planting trees on barren hills, Revegetation of Eco-environment, can develop again nut industry.The vitality of macadimia nut is the most vigorous, in precipitation 200
The upper and lower arid-desert area of millimeter still can be with basic status nature growth promoter.The axial root system of macadimia nut is the most flourishing, has
The root system network of water storage function, the ability conserved water and soil.Soil pH value all can grow between 5.5-7.5.Therefore Australia is hard
Fruit easily breeding, brings convenience to stony desertification spread.In Baise of Guangxi and some areas in Yunnan Province of Southwestern China,
Have and successfully planted macadimia nut and obtain the precedent of relatively good result, but, how to plant in the area that stony desertification is more serious
High-quality macadimia nut obtains high-quality nut, does not also have scale to implement.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide one and is suitable for obtaining high-quality Australia heavily fortified point in Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region
The cultural method of fruit kind, makes macadimia nut become planting trees on barren hills, the vanguard tree seed of the solid soil of Radix Saposhnikoviae, can not only recover karst
Mountain areas ecological environment, and income can be increased for the local farmers masses.
The present invention takes techniques below scheme:
A kind of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region macadimia nut cultural method, comprises the following steps: breed breeding, whole, nursery
And grafting, plant, prune, water and fertilizer management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；Concretely comprising the following steps of described pest management: use by methyl
The medicament of thiophanate and probenazole mixture carries out spraying preventing and treating, thiophanate methyl and phenyl allyloxy thiophene in described medicament
The mass ratio of azoles is 5-8:1, and it is 60-70% that described thiophanate methyl and probenazole account for the mass percent of medicament.Spray
Medicament is diluted to during mist 500-800 times of liquid spray, earth's surface and the branch of macadimia nut, leaf, fruit every 10-15 comprehensively
It spray is once.
Described thiophanate methyl and the mass ratio of probenazole are 5:1 or 8:1.
Described breed breeding is, uses OC macadimia nut kind as stock, and " osmanthus heat 1 " kind is as scion.
Described nursery and the step of grafting are to use the fruit sowing plucked the 8-9 month, clean seed, soak liquid medicine and kill
Bacterium is sterilized, immediately in husky sowing in bed kind；Husky bed keeps moistening, treats height of seedling 15-20cm, and pack of transplanting seedlings, seedling base footpath reaches more than 1cm
Can be used as stock grafting；Engrafting method uses fringe connection or tooth connection, and fringe to be grafted survives and grows more than 10 centimetres and can move
Plant.
Beneficial effects of the present invention is as follows:
(1) West Guangxi of China and the ground such as Guizhou, Yunnan, due to disafforestation, earth's surface can not water moisture self restraint, water all flows
Losing serious, so plantation macadimia nut, play effect very well to soil erosion, peasant planting macadimia nut both can keep water
Soil, improves again income by plantation macadimia nut.The present invention to realize ecological, economic, the social coordination in karst area Southwest China,
Sustainable development has important realistic meaning and far-reaching historic significance.
(2) macadimia nut that the present invention cultivates: well developed root system, water moisture self restraint, tree-like relatively big, branch is many, and joint shape is dashed forward
Going out, growing way is vigorous, and result is many, as long as suitably applying fertilizer, fruiting rate is the highest, the fresh jealous U.S. of fruit, also can make dry fruit, chocolate, food
With oil, cosmetics or immersion fruit wine, in good taste, taste alcohol.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme and beneficial effect are described further.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region macadimia nut cultural method, comprises the following steps:
(1) breed breeding: choose local nut drought-enduring, impoverishment tolerant seeds of growing directly from seeds and breed, obtain being suitable for Karst Mountains Desertification Area
Excellent macadimia nut kind, obtain new varieties " osmanthus heat No. 1 " through screening selection-breeding.The present invention uses OC macadimia nut kind to make
For stock, the kind " osmanthus heat 1 " of the autonomous selection-breeding of Guangxi South Asian Tropical Agricultural Science Research Institute is as scion.Red to Guangxi of OC
Earth strong adaptability, well developed root system, impoverishment tolerant, growing way is vigorous, but horizontal branch is many, and blade is little and thin, and leaf yield is relatively low." osmanthus heat 1 "
The resistance such as drought resisting is cold-resistant are very strong, the more arid area popularization and application such as suitable Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong.So using OC conduct
Stock, osmanthus heat 1 as scion, its advantage complementary.
(2) wholely: preferably select soil thickness be more than 30 centimetres, the soil is porous, drainage and good air permeability, illumination
Tailo that condition is good, half light hillside fields section, if plot is banding, whole ground width is generally 5-6 rice, deep 50-80 centimetre；Belt length root
Determining according to landform, should retain 5 meters of natural vegetations at a certain distance, if plot is block (cave is cultivated), regular size has: 40 lis
Rice or 50 centimetres, centered by kind of plant hole, remove the shrubbery of surrounding and weeds, overlay tree dish, and cleaning scope is according to whole ground specification
Size depending on.
(3) nursery and grafting: with the fruit sowing plucked the 8-9 month, clean seed, soak liquid medicine sterilizing, exist immediately
Husky sowing in bed kind.Husky bed often keeps moistening, treats height of seedling 15-20cm, and pack of transplanting seedlings, seedling base footpath reaches 1cm could be as stock
Grafting.Engrafting method can use fringe connection or tooth connection, and fringe to be grafted survives and grows 15 cm and can transplant.
(4) plantation: zonally with Chinese character pin-shaped, block with single plantation, base area block size is carried out, and the degree of depth of digging pit is suitable
Than level land deep 2-10 centimetre, mainly stony desert mountain soil is few, arid, and appropriate depth is digged pit and enabled to fruit Seedling and take root deeply, resistance to
Drought；In hole, the appropriate farm manure of addition or compound fertilizer are as base manure, notice that the root of fruit Seedling does not directly contact fertilizer, Ke Yifang
One layer of soil, then plantation fruit Seedling is covered after entering fertilizer.
(5) pruning: planting at Karst Mountains Desertification Area, water and soil is few, stay branch, beta pruning form is that height is cut more as far as possible, it is impossible to
Low cut, cut and when cutting down, stay vigorous branches to remove weak branch, sick branch.
(6) water and fertilizer management: timely trickle after planting, apply fertilizer and loosen the soil, soil drought to irrigate trickle in time；Really have long-pending
Water, answers smooth low-lying place or trench digging to drain the water away.Loosen the soil in conjunction with weeding, keep soil from packing together, strengthen soil permeability.Newly
Branch germinates after opening leaf, drenches and executes liquid dung or urea solution once, and later according to New shoot growth situation, dressing fertilizer 1 time, dose is every
Execute carbamide 1kg or compound fertilizer 1kg.Need half a year in the phase of yielding positive results to topdress 1 time, organic fertilizer (or sheep stool, chicken manure) every mu
800-1000 kilogram, florescence (having first by the end of February to 3), for making young fruit expand rapidly, every mu also needs sealing fertilizer 15-20 public
Jin.
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: the Major Diseases of macadimia nut is leaf roll blight and powdery mildew, causes harm the initial stage, in branch on
Portion's bud-leaf shrinkage, blade occurs irregularly incising and hole, and scrolls up in wooden dipper shape, yellowish green alternate scab, leaf seen from blade back
Strumae occurs at arteries and veins.The present invention uses to be carried out spraying by the medicament of thiophanate methyl and probenazole mixture and prevents
Controlling, in described medicament, the mass ratio of thiophanate methyl and probenazole is 5-8:1, described thiophanate methyl and phenyl allyloxy
It is 60-70% that thiazole accounts for the mass percent of medicament.Medicament is diluted to during spraying 500-800 times of liquid spray comprehensively, sprays every 10d
Once.
Disease branch and leaf are removed in the orchard of present invention winter ploughing to be combined beta pruning in time, and sick branch and leaf are concentrated and burnt, the Australia to morbidity
Continent nut to be eliminated or root is cut.
Embodiment 2: thiophanate methyl, probenazole and the built agent Toxicity Determination to macadimia nut powdery mildew
Test method: after prerun determines each medicament effective inhibition concentration scope, by thiophanate methyl, probenazole and
Its mixture preparation presses active constituent content gradient series 5 concentration of dilution, compares with sterilized water.With reference to " pesticide indoor biological
Determination test criterion antibacterial " carry out, use mycelial growth rate method to measure the medicament virulence to macadimia nut powdery mildew.72h
Measure colony diameter by decussation method afterwards, calculate each process net growth, mycelial growth inhibition rate, obtain toxicity regression formula,
Calculate EC50。
It is antagonism that co-toxicity coefficient method (CTC) according to the abundant method of Sun Yun evaluates the potentiation of pharmacy mix, i.e. CTC≤80
Effect, 80<CTC<120 is summation action, and CTC>=120 are potentiation.
Measurement result is shown in Table 1.
Table 1: thiophanate methyl, probenazole and the built agent Toxicity Determination table to macadimia nut powdery mildew
| Reagent agent | Proportioning | EC50(mg/L) | Co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) |
| Thiophanate methyl (A) | / | 23.48 | / |
| Probenazole (B) | / | 28.52 | / |
| A:B | 5:1 | 16.37 | 147.8 |
| A:B | 8:1 | 17.24 | 138.9 |
| A:B | 10:1 | 31.66 | 75.4 |
Measurement result shows, when the proportioning of thiophanate methyl and probenazole is 5:1-8:1, and co-toxicity coefficient (CTC)
More than 120, mixed agent is obvious to the potentiation of macadimia nut powdery mildew, and when with proportioning for 10:1, co-toxicity coefficient is for 75.4, performance
Go out antagonism.
Embodiment 3: the formulation application of preparation embodiment 2 gained is in the field test of macadimia nut powdery mildew
(1) EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:
Test sets 4 process, each process group 3 repetition, Gong12Ge community, random alignment, and plot area is one mu.Respectively
The individual medicament processing correspondence and dosage are as follows:
Test group 1#:60% thiophanate methyl probenazole wettable powder (proportioning 5:1), extension rate 800 times
Test group 2#:70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, extension rate 500 times
Test group 3#:10% probenazole wettable powder, extension rate 300 times
Test group 4#: blank (CK)
(2) application method:
Respectively process the medicament corresponding according to EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN and even concentration sparges on macadimia nut, spray again after being spaced 10 days
Once, twice totally.
(3) test survey method
14d investigation before medicine and after last medication.Before the 1st medication, investigate and record state of an illness radix, execute at the 2nd time
14d investigation prevention effect after medicine.
(4) result of the test
Statistical analysis, 14d after last medicine, the preventive effect of test group 1# is 93.5%, and test group 2# preventive effect is 57.2%, examination
The preventive effect testing group 3# is 32.0%.In test, test group 1# is substantially excellent in test group 2# to the preventive effect of macadimia nut powdery mildew
With test group 3#, illustrate that thiophanate methyl and the probenazole effect of mixture in recommending proportioning is not the letter of two kinds of compositions
Single-phase adding, but have synergistic function, mutual mixture can reduce the amount of application of each single dose, advantageously reduces agricultural cost.
During test, the Macadamia Leaf of each test group of perusal is showed no the abnormal symptoms such as blade Huang, deformation.
Illustrate that test medicine is preferable to the safety of macadimia nut.
Claims (4)
1. a Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region macadimia nut cultural method, comprises the following steps: breed breeding, whole, nursery and
Grafting, plant, prune, water and fertilizer management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；It is characterized in that, concretely comprising the following steps of described pest management: adopt
With by the medicament of thiophanate methyl and probenazole mixture carry out spraying preventing and treating, in described medicament thiophanate methyl and
The mass ratio of probenazole is 5-8:1, and it is 60-that described thiophanate methyl and probenazole account for the mass percent of medicament
70%；Medicament is diluted to during spraying 500-800 times of liquid earth's surface and the branch of macadimia nut, leaf, fruit are sprayed, often comprehensively
Every spray in 10-15 days once.
Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region the most according to claim 1 macadimia nut cultural method, it is characterised in that described first
The mass ratio of base thiophanate and probenazole is 5:1 or 8:1.
Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region the most according to claim 1 macadimia nut cultural method, it is characterised in that described product
Planting selection-breeding is, uses OC macadimia nut kind as stock, and " osmanthus heat 1 " kind is as scion.
Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region the most according to claim 1 macadimia nut cultural method, it is characterised in that described educates
The step of Seedling and grafting is, uses the fruit sowing plucked the 8-9 month, cleans seed, soaks liquid medicine sterilizing, immediately at husky bed
Sowing；Husky bed keeps moistening, treats height of seedling 15-20cm, and pack of transplanting seedlings, seedling base footpath reaches more than 1cm and can be used as stock grafting；
Engrafting method uses fringe connection or tooth connection, and fringe to be grafted survives and grows more than 10 centimetres and can transplant.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110249824A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-09-20 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | A kind of method of injury macadamia reparation |
| CN111887089A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-06 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Method for promoting rapid recovery production of adult lodging macadimia nuts after typhoon disaster |
| CN114651658A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-06-24 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Creation and identification method of cold-resistant seeds of macadimia nuts |
| CN116267391A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-06-23 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Karst macadimia nut forest grass three-dimensional cultivation method |
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| CN110249824A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-09-20 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | A kind of method of injury macadamia reparation |
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| CN111887089B (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2022-04-08 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Method for promoting rapid recovery production of adult lodging macadimia nuts after typhoon disaster |
| CN114651658A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-06-24 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Creation and identification method of cold-resistant seeds of macadimia nuts |
| CN116267391A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-06-23 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Karst macadimia nut forest grass three-dimensional cultivation method |
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Application publication date: 20161214 |