CN107347288A

CN107347288A - A kind of method of saving water, resisting drought rice direct-sowing dry soil moisturizing closing weeding

Info

Publication number: CN107347288A
Application number: CN201710537621.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 丁广礼; 李友星; 姜威
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2017-07-04
Filing date: 2017-07-04
Publication date: 2017-11-17

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method of saving water, resisting drought rice direct-sowing dry soil moisturizing closing weeding, utilize the stalk grinding flour of wheat, powder of straw containing carboxymethyl cellulose is made by chemical modification, carboxymethyl cellulose be alternatively formed in soil be cross-linked with each other it is latticed, effectively pin moisture, prevent erosion, the prolonged water conservation in crop field, field surface soil is set to become soft fine and smooth by stiff, be advantageous to the bundle soil of taking root of further water conservation and later stage rice, prevent the phenomenon of lodging, outstanding water retention property, make the performance of field herbicide more preferable, agree with what weight at the beginning of the invention was said, soil moisture control and the big key factor for influenceing yield.

Description

A kind of method of saving water, resisting drought rice direct-sowing dry soil moisturizing closing weeding

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technology field of plantation, and in particular to be sealed to a kind of saving water, resisting drought rice direct-sowing dry soil moisturizing The method for closing weeding.

Background technology

The concentration of narmful substances such as nitrate are effectively reduced, breaks soil hardening, the cohesive structure of soil is changed into granule Structure, strengthen the permeability of soil, effectively facilitate four big Fertility evolution " water, fertilizer, air and heat " cooperations of soil.

The purpose of soil closing weeding is control saving water, resisting drought direct sowing of rice field field weed germination early stage and growth, ensure and Promote the growth of saving water, resisting drought rice, be advantageous to saving water, resisting drought rice early growth and quick tiller, form strong sprout, to capture saving water, resisting drought rice direct-sowing dry High-yield culture lays the foundation.

Carboxymethyl cellulose（CMC）It is that one kind that native cellulose is modified to obtain through quaternization and etherification reaction has carboxylic The cellulose ether derivative of methyl structural, the carboxyl on strand can be into salt.The CMC aqueous solution has thickening well, hanged The characteristics such as floating, bonding, water holding, because the presence of hydrophilic radical carboxymethyl causes CMC to be very easy to be combined with water, in hydrogen bond and model The interlaced formation network structure of high molecular polymer in the presence of De Huali, so as to combine to form water-setting with substantial amounts of water Glue.So if adding CMC in soil, its evaporation can be hindered, as CMC is by microorganism to combine the moisture in soil Degraded moisture can be re-released into soil again.CMC abundances, are easily degraded by Soil Microorganism, and nontoxic, therefore Can be as soil conditioner.There is scholar to study CMC Effects on Soil Amendments, the research such as Qiu Chaoxia Influences of the CMC to soil physical properties, it is found that CMC can improve non-capillary pores degree.Yang Xueqin etc. is dense with difference The CMC processing soil (Lou soil) of degree, absorption of the soil to phosphorus element can be dramatically increased after discovery processing.Once knew rudder etc. to make CMC Pot rice experiment is carried out for acid soil improving agent, the results showed that has improvement to make acid soil using sodium carboxymethylcellulose With soil pH value and available phosphorus nutrient content can be improved；Zhang Shuanlan etc., which have studied CMC pairs, can very think seed（Festuca Arundinacea kind） Germination and the influence of growth, the results showed that, after CMC is handled, its percentage of seedgermination, biomass and yield significantly increase.So And the up to the present research in terms of the inherent mechanism of CMC Effects on Soil Amendments is still less, herein with regard to CMC to soil Influence in terms of the distribution of earth crumb structure and moisture movement characteristic is for further study, to CMC preferably are applied into soil Earth is improved, so as to provide theoretical foundation for developing agricultural production.

The content of the invention

The present invention is in order to improve seedling of the saving water, resisting drought rice in the case of direct-sowing dry situation resistant to lodging, and direct-sowing dry weeds are more The problem of.A kind of method that dry seeded rice field earth's surface face closure is cut weeds is devised, is realized particular by following method：

The typical problem of dry direct-seeding rice is that the weeds in rice field are more, and species is complicated, it is difficult to is eradicated, so being needed before dry direct-seeding rice Through envelope field after a while, the quantity of weeds can be effectively reduced, it is very helpful for the later stage, seal the quality in field directly The management in terms of later stage Rice Cropping is influenceed, by years of researches and facts have proved：Close the species of liquid medicine, dispenser is put into practice, Several big key factors such as humidity of soil can all influence to close the effect of weeding to a certain extent when application method, dispenser.

The liquid medicine species that invention uses has four kinds of formulas, and Herbicidal composition is selected mainly to prevent and kill off based on grassy weed, Take into account and prevent and kill off wealthy careless weeds.Determine that major herbicides formula has according to experiment：①667m²With 33% pendimethalin missible oil 120ml+ The ml of 48% butralin missible oil 100.②667m²With the ml of 33% pendimethalin missible oil 120ml+60% butachlor ecs 100.③667m² With the ml of 60% butachlor ec, 100 ml+48% butralins missible oil 80.④667m²With the ml+25% Evil of 60% butachlor ec 150 grass The ml of ketone missible oil 40.

The humidity requirement of soil during dispenser, soil close herbicide in upper soll layer diffusion and upper soll layer（1-2 centimetres） Humidity size is into positive correlation.During dispenser in the range of 80% less than saturated soil water content, upper soll layer humidity is bigger, dispenser Effect is better.After planting upper soll layer dispenser again can be squirted with micro- spray method, to improve pesticide supplying effect.The time of dispenser is usually In soil closing chemical weed control saving water, resisting drought rice after planting 72 hours, spraying time is preferably at dusk 17：After 00, be advantageous to night Form preferable herbicide medicine " film ".Conditional sowing in preferably afternoon, after planting dispenser immediately, increases effect.

Spray-on process is taken in the soil closing chemical weed control of saving water, resisting drought direct sowing of rice field, and spraying will be less than 3 grades of situation in wind-force Lower progress, sprayer（Machine）Nozzle controlled from ground level within 25 centimetres, can not alternating spray, spraying order is from leeward Place starts, and weather terminates.Spraying requires uniformity, can not respray or drain spray.In order to prevent the moisture evaporation mistake in soil It hurry up, what invention was improved by two kinds of measures respectively, a kind of is the mode using covering with ground sheeting, directly effectively, prevents moisture Evaporation also has the function that to be incubated vernalization.Another is to utilize the harvested wheat stalk of wheat, containing abundant cellulose, Turn into the composition of carboxymethyl cellulose by dipping by lye post-modification.The theory of straw-returning can be realized using wheat stalk, Avoid burning and pollute, then stalk is rich in abundant cellulose, just the getting wheat before Rice Cropping, raw material compared with horn of plenty, Carboxymethyl cellulose is prepared using hydro-thermal method, technique is simple, and cost is cheap, by wheat stalk by further drying after make it is aqueous Amount is below 3%, and then ground 80 ~ 120 mesh sieve, adds in the reactor for filling 10 ~ 15%NaOH solution, be incubated 70 ~ 90 DEG C 3 ~ 5h of soda boiling, suction filtration goes moisture removal to be dried for standby, by 1:3 ~ 6 solid-liquid ratio adds ethanol and the monoxone of equivalent, it is warming up to 65 ~ 80 DEG C reaction 50 ~ 70min, after the completion of add again 3 ~ 6% NaOH, insulation again reaction 50 ~ 70min obtain carboxymethyl cellulose Sodium crude product.

By the effect to its soil practical application, the soil particle treated to the powder of straw containing carboxymethyl cellulose Size Distribution is measured, with CMC（Carboxymethyl cellulose）The increase of content, the mm of ＜ 0.1 soil particle content 45% or so is reduced to by 80% or so；Soil particle content in the range of >=0.1~0.2 mm increases to 20% left side by 10% or so It is right；Soil particle content in the range of >=0. 2~0.3 mm increases to 10% by 2%；Soil in the range of >=0.3~0.4 mm Earth granule content increases to 7% or so by 1% or so；Soil particle content in the range of >=0.4~0.5 mm is increased by 0.5% or so It is added to 4.5% or so；Soil particle content in the range of >=0.5~0.6 mm increases to 3.0 % or so by 0.5% or so；≥ Soil particle content in the range of 0.6 mm increases to 4.0% or so by 0.1% or so.

Moisture in soil is not easy to lose because of reasons such as evaporation and infiltrations, and this is due to CMC long chain type molecular structure, Interlaced formation is netted in soil, by soil particle and moisture subnet together, leaves soil to hydrone and adds Resistance, so as to enhance the moisture holding capacity of soil.

Beneficial effects of the present invention：Using the stalk grinding flour of wheat, made by chemical modification containing carboxylic first The powder of straw of base cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose is alternatively formed in soil to be cross-linked with each other latticed, effectively pins moisture, prevents Only soil erosion, the prolonged water conservation in crop field, field surface soil is become soft fine and smooth by stiff, be advantageous to further protect The bundle soil of taking root of water and later stage rice, prevents the phenomenon of lodging, outstanding water retention property, makes the performance of field herbicide more preferable, Agree with what weight at the beginning of the invention was said, soil moisture control and the big key factor for influenceing yield.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1：

A kind of method of saving water, resisting drought rice direct-sowing dry soil moisturizing closing weeding, it is characterised in that：This method includes following Step,

（1）The stalk after getting wheat is collected, wheat stalk is made into water content below 3% after further drying, Ran Houyan Honed 100 mesh sieve, add into the reactor for filling 10%NaOH solution, be incubated 80 DEG C of soda boiling 3.5h, suction filtration removes moisture removal and dried It is dry；

（2）Will（1）Described powder of straw presses 1:5 solid-liquid ratio adds ethanol and added and powder of straw amount identical monoxone, liter Temperature to 65 ~ 80 DEG C reaction 60min, after the completion of add again 4% NaOH, insulation react 60min again, after the completion of use 1mol/L Watery hydrochloric acid be neutralized to neutrality, washed 2 ~ 3 times with 50% ethanol solution, low temperature drying obtains the rough straw containing carboxymethyl cellulose Stalk powder；

（3）Poured water before direct sowing on dry paddy field and soak rice field 2 ~ 3 days, then will（2）Obtained rough powder of straw by every mu of 80Kg amount Field surface is added, is uniformly sowed, then sows the saving water, resisting drought rice of soaking disinfection, while by herbicide by kind requirement Ratio is sprayed at after being diluted with water on the face of field.

The step（3）In herbicide usage and dosage have following several combinations：Every mu of pendimethalin missible oil of use 33% The ml of 120ml+48% butralins missible oil 100.

The step（3）Herbicide spraying method be spraying will wind-force be less than 3 grades in the case of carry out, sprayer Nozzle from ground level control within 25cm, can not alternating spray, spraying order since leeward, weather terminates, no It can respray or drain spray.

Claims

A kind of 1. method of saving water, resisting drought rice direct-sowing dry soil moisturizing closing weeding, it is characterised in that：This method includes following several Individual step,

（1）The stalk after getting wheat is collected, wheat stalk is made into water content below 3% after further drying, Ran Houyan Honed 80 ~ 120 mesh sieve, add into the reactor for filling 10 ~ 15%NaOH solution, be incubated 70 ~ 90 DEG C of 3 ~ 5h of soda boiling, suction filtration is gone Moisture removal is simultaneously dried；

（2）Will（1）Described powder of straw presses 1:3 ~ 6 solid-liquid ratio adds ethanol and addition and powder of straw amount identical monoxone, Be warming up to 65 ~ 80 DEG C reaction 50 ~ 70min, after the completion of add again 3 ~ 6% NaOH, insulation again react 50 ~ 70min, complete Neutrality is neutralized to 1mol/L watery hydrochloric acid afterwards, is washed 2 ~ 3 times with 50% ethanol solution, low temperature drying, which obtains, rough contains carboxymethyl The powder of straw of cellulose；

（3）Poured water before saving water, resisting drought rice direct-sowing dry and soak rice field 2 ~ 3 days, then will（2）Obtained rough powder of straw by every mu 50 ~ 100Kg amount adds field surface, uniformly sows, and then sows the saving water, resisting drought rice of soaking disinfection, after broadcasting in 72 hours It is sprayed at after herbicide is diluted with water by kind requirement ratio on the face of field,.
2. the method for saving water, resisting drought rice direct-sowing dry soil moisturizing closing weeding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Step（3）In herbicide usage and dosage have following several combinations：Every mu of pendimethalin missible oil 120ml+48% Zhong Ding of use 33% The ml of missible oil 100, every mu of ml of 33% pendimethalin missible oil 120ml+60%+ butachlor ecs of use 100, every mu of butachlor of use 60% The ml of 100 ml+48% butralins missible oil of missible oil 80 or with the ml of 60% butachlor ec, 150 ml+25% Evil humulones missible oil 40.
3. the method for saving water, resisting drought rice direct-sowing dry soil moisturizing closing weeding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Step（3）Herbicide spraying method be spraying will wind-force be less than 3 grades in the case of carry out, the nozzle of sprayer is from earth's surface height Degree control within 25cm, can not alternating spray, since leeward, weather terminates spraying order, can not respray or drain spray.