CN103477849A - Method for straw full-amount returning and rice-wheat planted seedling in rice-wheat double cropping area - Google Patents
Method for straw full-amount returning and rice-wheat planted seedling in rice-wheat double cropping area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tillage cultivation, and discloses a method for straw full-amount returning and rice-wheat planted seedling in a rice-wheat double cropping area. Under the condition of rice-wheat double-season straw full-amount returning, planted seedlings of next-stubble crops are not influenced, and due to the fact that mechanical operation is adopted in a key production link, labor intensity and production inputs are greatly reduced. In addition, straw returning is further favorable for soil fertilizing and environment protection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the farming measures field, relate in particular to a kind of rice Mai Liangshu district's returning total stalks into fields and rice wheat and broadcast the vertical seedling-growing method of cultivation.
Background technology
China rice Mai Liangshu district area is 5,000,000 hm approximately
2, mainly be distributed in the important grain producing region of Yangtze river basin ，Shi China.Rice Mai Liangshu district soil fertility is high, the photo-thermal resource is good, rainfall abundant, grain yield high (more than 1 ton/mu), and accessory substance-stalk yield is also very large simultaneously.Before the nineties in last century, crops straw is multiplex in fuel or animal feed.Along with expanding economy, after the rural area fuel structure improves and no longer cultivates farm cattle, a large amount of stalks become the burden of production.
Straw-returning is fostered and apply fertilizer not accommodating doubtful for arable land, the peasant approves fully, but because straw-returning mode, method are improper, also be difficult to play the effect of volume increase after straw-returning increase cost, the enthusiasm of implementing straw-returning is not high, mostly take the way of on-site incineration to be processed, not only waste resource, and the security of the lives and property and Environmental security have also been formed to threat.Along with the appearance of burning order and the publicity of improvement of soil fertility policy are prohibited in various places, straw-returning is rooted in the hearts of the people, but expensive also field mode is to implement stalk effectively to go back the bottleneck in field all the time.What particularly pass by that the rice wheat harvest obtains employing is all Full feeding harvester, tassel enters the threshing bin threshing together with stalk, from threshing bin, stalk out is soft, different in size, collect difficulty, and easily be wound around Rotary tillage blade when second stubble crop rotary tillage soil-working, seeding operation, affect the rotary tillage soil-working quality and broadcast the cultivation quality.
The rice wheat high yield technique that past adopts and straw-returning technology, complete by manpower basically.But, along with a large amount of transfers of labour, this class technology more and more is difficult to carry out and implement.The rice wheat is broadcast to plant and becomes extensive, affects the stable and national grain security of grain yield.Therefore, the straw-returning methods of research, with supporting crop technique for sowing and planting, should save labor, and can not take again to sacrifice output and benefit is cost, and the peasant economy ability can be accepted.
Summary of the invention
Both wasted a large amount of manpowers in order to solve rice Mai Liangshu district straw-returning, also affected the problem of output, and the invention provides a kind of rice Mai Liangshu district's returning total stalks into fields and rice wheat and broadcast the vertical seedling-growing method of cultivation.
In order to solve above technical problem, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
1) the wheat maturation adopts the feed reaper results that install the stalk disperser additional afterwards, and during results, wheat straw can be ground into the 5-8cm segment by grain header, naturally is dispersed in field.Feed reaper is when results, and only tassel enters the threshing bin threshing, and stalk is just to pulverize outside threshing bin, and the hard flexible of the stalk of pulverizing, facilitate returning.
2) the soaked field 12～18h that pours water, so that soil is fully soaked.
3) after the water surface oozes fully down, spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer.
4) with rotovator rotary tillage 3 times, front twice rotary tillage continuously, for the third time with for the second time about the 2h of interval, can guarantee like this rotary tillage after stalk with soil, fully mix, the rotary tillage degree of depth 10～15cm, stalk and mud mix.
5) after rotary tillage, the water surface remains at 1.0～2.0cm, after the heavy real 12h of soil, gets final product rice transplanting.
6) paddy machinery rice transplanting.The transplanting paddy rice is planted the maturing stage than traditional-handwork and wants slow 7-10d, therefore needs to select suitable medium variety of ripe phase, adopts the rice transplanter of effect stability to carry out rice transplanting, every mu of Basic Seedling 3～40,000.
After the machine transplanting of rice finishes, as fine day high temperature, the seedling-protection of pouring water in time, the depth of water remains on 1/2 left and right of height of seedling, impels it to turn green fast.Adopt the diligent moistening irrigation method of filling with of shallow water after turning green, the general depth of water 2～3cm, make rear water not see above water, so that soil gas exchange and release pernicious gas promote to tiller.When stem tiller number reach mature spike number 85% the time the dry dry field of naturally cutting off the water supply.Dry wet irrigation the after rehydration, heading flowering period keeps shoaling layer, pustulation period Dry-wet alternate irrigation, the draining field of drying in the air after loose seed.
The wheat straw decomposition will consume a large amount of nitrogen nutrition, and machine transplanting of rice rice shoot tillers after turning green and have burst, therefore will chase after in time tillering fertilizer, suitably mends and executes ear manuer, to strengthen the tillering ability in early stage, guarantees the later stage percentage of earbearing tiller and grain number per spike.After transplanting, 5～7d nitrogen topdressing, 3～4kg/ mu, as tillering fertilizer, is executed purity nitrogen 1～2kg/ mu as ear manuer before heading again.
After rice transplanting, 7～10d should select 10% pyrazosulfuron 15g/ mu to adopt medicine local method (or mixing chemical fertilizer) to spread fertilizer over the fields, and has filled with water in field water conservation during dispenser more than 5 days.
7) field of drying in the air of draining in time after the loose seed of front stubble paddy rice, when Grain Ripening and soil hardboard, select the half-feed combine harvester direct motion harvesting of installing the stalk disperser additional for fine day, during results, straw is cut into to the segment of 5～8cm, naturally falls apart in field.
8) wheat adopts 2BMFDC-6 type or the fertilising of 2BMFDC-8 type planting with sowing machine, and this sower adopts only to the seeding belt rotary tillage ditching, and fertilizer, seed fall into seeding belt successively, and the soil that the straw that after planting employing is pulverized and rotary tillage are got up mixes lid kind.If during sowing, soil moisture has more greatly or after planting rainfall, soil moisture can meet the requirement that wheat is emerged, and after broadcasting, need not pour water; If during sowing, soil is more dry, soil moisture content is low, should pour water to guarantee to emerge.
Good effect of the present invention is as follows:
Rice Mai Liangshu district's returning total stalks into fields of the present invention and rice wheat are broadcast and plant vertical seedling-growing method; under two season of rice wheat returning total stalks into fields; it is unaffected that second stubble crop is broadcast the vertical seedling of cultivation; and due to the employing do mechanization operation at crucial production link; significantly reduced labour intensity and produce to have dropped into, straw-returning also is beneficial to that soil fertility is fostered and apply fertilizer and protection of the environment.
Embodiment
The following examples are to describe in further detail of the present invention.
1) harvesting wheat and stalk are processed
Wheat enters wax ripeness latter stage, selects fine day to install the feed reaper direct motion harvesting of stalk disperser additional.During results, wheat straw is cut into to the segment of 5～8cm, naturally falls apart in field.
2) soaked field of pouring water
Soaked field 12～the 18h that pours water before rotary tillage, make soil obtain fully invading bubble.
3) spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer
Spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer behind soaked field before rotary tillage, execute purity nitrogen 8kg, phosphorus pentoxide 6kg, potassium oxide 6kg for every mu.
4) the wheat straw rotary tillage is turned over and is buried
After field moisture oozes fully down, with paddy field tillage cultivator rotary tillage 3 times, front twice continuous rotary tillage, interval 2h for the third time and for the second time.The rotary tillage degree of depth 10～15cm, stalk and mud mix, and it is smooth that after rotary tillage, slurry is played on earth's surface, and after rotary tillage, the water surface remains at 1.0～2.0cm, after heavy real 12h, gets final product rice transplanting.
5) paddy machinery rice transplanting
The transplanting paddy rice is planted the maturing stage than traditional-handwork and wants slow 7-10d, therefore needs to select suitable medium variety of ripe phase, adopts the rice transplanter of effect stability to carry out rice transplanting, every mu of Basic Seedling 3～40,000.
6) moisture, nutrient, pest management after rice transplanting
After the machine transplanting of rice finishes, as fine day high temperature, the seedling-protection of pouring water in time, the depth of water remains on 1/2 left and right of height of seedling, impels it to turn green fast.Adopt the diligent moistening irrigation method of filling with of shallow water after turning green, the general depth of water 2～3cm, make rear water not see above water, so that soil gas exchange and release pernicious gas promote to tiller.When stem tiller number reach mature spike number 85% the time the dry dry field of naturally cutting off the water supply.Dry wet irrigation the after rehydration, heading flowering period
Keep shoaling layer, pustulation period Dry-wet alternate irrigation, the draining field of drying in the air after loose seed.
The wheat straw decomposition will consume a large amount of nitrogen nutrition, and machine transplanting of rice rice shoot tillers after turning green and have burst, therefore will chase after in time tillering fertilizer, suitably mends and executes ear manuer, to strengthen the tillering ability in early stage, guarantees the later stage percentage of earbearing tiller and grain number per spike.After transplanting, 5～7d nitrogen topdressing, 3～4kg/ mu, as tillering fertilizer, is executed purity nitrogen 1～2kg/ mu as ear manuer before heading again.
After rice transplanting, 7～10d should select 10% pyrazosulfuron 15g/ mu to adopt medicine local method (or mixing chemical fertilizer) to spread fertilizer over the fields, and has filled with water in field water conservation during dispenser more than 5 days.
7) rice harves and stalk are processed
After the loose seed of front stubble paddy rice, the field of drying in the air of draining in time, when Grain Ripening and soil hardboard, select the half-feed combine harvester direct motion harvesting of installing the stalk disperser additional for fine day, during results, straw is cut into to the segment of 5～8cm, naturally falls apart in field.
8) no-tillage field chemical weed control
Due to the no-tillage sowing that wheat adopts, broadcast front chemical weed control most important.7～10d selects fine day to carry out prior to seeding, every mu of available low toxicity steriland herbicide 20%, and gram is watered spraying without track 150mL.
9) wheat fertilizing sowing
Wheat adopts 2BMFDC-6 type or the fertilising of 2BMFDC-8 type planting with sowing machine, and this sower adopts only to the seeding belt rotary tillage ditching, and fertilizer, seed fall into seeding belt successively, and the soil that the straw that after planting employing is pulverized and rotary tillage are got up mixes lid kind.
10) water management after wheat cultivation
If during sowing, soil moisture has more greatly or after planting rainfall, soil moisture can meet the requirement that wheat is emerged, and after broadcasting, need not pour water; If during sowing, soil is more dry, soil moisture content is low, should pour water to guarantee to emerge.
Embodiment 1
2007-2008, the Lianshan Mountain, Guanghan City Zhen Jin flower village adopts this method, rice and wheat straw is realized total crop return, after rotary tillage soil-working, paddy rice adopts mechanized planting, planting efficiency is 30 mu/day, and the rice at whole growth periods work drops into 250 yuan/mu, output 579kg/ mu, 1274 yuan/mu of the output values, 774 yuan/mu of net earnings.Wheat adopts 2BMFDC-6 type planting with sowing machine, 20 mu/day of sowing efficiency, and wheat work in the time of infertility drops into 180 yuan/mu, output 480kg/ mu, 960 yuan/mu of the output values, 560 yuan/mu of net earnings.Adopt the contrast field of conventional method, the whole ground of rotovator after after harvesting wheat, wheat straw being burned, paddy rice is manually planted, and planting efficiency is 0.3 mu/day, and the rice at whole growth periods work drops into 400 yuan/mu, output 610kg/ mu, 1342 yuan/mu of the output values, 692 yuan/mu of net earnings.Wheat adopts the no-tillage mode of broadcasting sowing to sow, 0.5 mu/day of sowing efficiency, and wheat work in the time of infertility drops into 280 yuan/mu, output 410kg/ mu, 820 yuan/mu of the output values, 320 yuan/mu of net earnings.
Embodiment 2
2008-2009, the Lianshan Mountain, Guanghan City Zhen Jin flower village adopts this method, and rice and wheat straw is realized total crop return, and after rotary tillage soil-working, paddy rice adopts mechanized planting, and planting efficiency is 30 mu/day, paddy rice gives birth to entirely
The phase work drops into 250 yuan/mu, output 574kg/ mu, 1263 yuan/mu of the output values, 763 yuan/mu of net earnings.Wheat adopts 2BMFDC-6 type planting with sowing machine, 20 mu/day of sowing efficiency, and wheat work in the time of infertility drops into 180 yuan/mu, output 465kg/ mu, 930 yuan/mu of the output values, 530 yuan/mu of net earnings.Adopt the contrast field of conventional method, the whole ground of rotovator after after harvesting wheat, wheat straw being burned, paddy rice is manually planted, and planting efficiency is 0.3 mu/day, and the rice at whole growth periods work drops into 400 yuan/mu, output 602kg/ mu, 1324 yuan/mu of the output values, 674 yuan/mu of net earnings.Wheat adopts the no-tillage mode of broadcasting sowing to sow, 0.5 mu/day of sowing efficiency, and wheat work in the time of infertility drops into 280 yuan/mu, output 380kg/ mu, 760 yuan/mu of the output values, 260 yuan/mu of net earnings.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, for the ordinary skill in the art, be appreciated that without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention and can carry out multiple variation, modification, replacement and modification to these embodiment, scope of the present invention is limited by claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (5)
1. rice Mai Liangshu district's returning total stalks into fields and rice wheat are broadcast and plant vertical seedling-growing method, and it is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the wheat maturation adopts the feed reaper results that install the stalk disperser additional afterwards, and during results, wheat straw can be ground into the 5-8cm segment by grain header, naturally is dispersed in field;
(2) after little wheat harvesting, wheatland is poured water, filled with rear soaked field 12-18h, so that soil is fully soaked;
(3) after Tanaka's water oozes fully down, Tanaka, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer;
(4) then use the rotovator rotary tillage 3 times, front twice rotary tillage continuously, with interval 2h for the second time, rotary tillage degree of depth 10-15cm, mix stalk and mud for the third time;
(5), after rotary tillage, Tanaka's water surface remains on 1.0-2.0cm;
(6) after the heavy real 12h of soil, start rice transplanting, adopt the rice transplanting transplanting, every mu of Basic Seedling 3-4 ten thousand;
(7) after rice transplanting, 7-10d adopts the medicine local method or mixes the chemical fertilizer method and spread fertilizer over the fields with 10% pyrazosulfuron 15g/ mu, has filled with water in field water conservation during dispenser more than 5 days;
(8) field of drying in the air of draining in time after the loose seed of paddy rice, when Grain Ripening and soil hardboard, select the half-feed combine harvester direct motion harvesting of installing the stalk disperser additional for fine day, during results, straw is cut into to the segment of 5-8cm, naturally falls apart in field;
(9) after paddy rice harvesting, before wheat cultivation, 7-10d selects fine day to carry out, and every mu of available low toxicity steriland herbicide carries out chemical weed control, then adopts sower at the field sowing wheat.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (3), base fertilizer is every mu and executes purity nitrogen 8kg, phosphorus pentoxide 6kg, potassium oxide 6kg.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (6), after the machine transplanting of rice finishes, meet fine day high temperature, the seedling-protection of pouring water in time, the depth of water remains on 1/2 left and right of height of seedling, impel it to turn green fast, adopt the diligent moistening irrigation of filling with of shallow water after turning green, general depth of water 2-3cm, make rear water not see above water, so that soil gas exchange and release pernicious gas, promotion is tillered, when stem tiller number reach mature spike number 85% the time the dry dry field of naturally cutting off the water supply, dry wet irrigation the after rehydration, heading flowering period keeps shoaling layer, the pustulation period Dry-wet alternate irrigation, the draining field of drying in the air after loose seed,
The wheat straw decomposition will consume a large amount of nitrogen nutrition, and machine transplanting of rice rice shoot is tillered after turning green and is had burst, therefore to chase after in time tillering fertilizer, suitably mend and execute ear manuer, to strengthen the tillering ability in early stage, guarantee the later stage percentage of earbearing tiller and grain number per spike, after transplanting, 5-7d nitrogen topdressing 3-4kg/ mu, as tillering fertilizer, is executed purity nitrogen 1-2kg/ mu as ear manuer before heading again.
4. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (9), during sowing, soil is more dry, and soil moisture content is low, should pour water to guarantee to emerge.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that: in step (9), wheat adopts 2BMFDC-6 type or the fertilising of 2BMFDC-8 type planting with sowing machine.
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| CN109392628A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-03-01 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of wheat-rice rotation anniversary high yield method |
| CN109452107A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-12 | 四川省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of corn on dry land temperature adjustment drought resisting conservation tillage method |
| CN109601295A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-12 | 江苏省农业科学院 | The water-fertilizer conditioning method of rice wheat rotation area wheat straw returning |
| CN109601295B (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2021-07-02 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Water and fertilizer regulation and control method for returning wheat straws to field in rice and wheat rotation region |
| CN111165112A (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2020-05-19 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | Rice field oxygen-increasing and emission-reducing dry farming method |
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