CN107278698B - Method for restoring saline-alkali soil by ecological cycle planting and breeding of greenhouse - Google Patents

Method for restoring saline-alkali soil by ecological cycle planting and breeding of greenhouse Download PDF

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CN107278698B
CN107278698B CN201610227987.XA CN201610227987A CN107278698B CN 107278698 B CN107278698 B CN 107278698B CN 201610227987 A CN201610227987 A CN 201610227987A CN 107278698 B CN107278698 B CN 107278698B
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sheep
breeding
greenhouse
earthworms
area
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CN107278698A (en
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蔡树美
吕卫光
诸海焘
徐四新
张翰林
郑宪清
谈永松
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Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14—Greenhouses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/02—Pigsties; Dog-kennels; Rabbit-hutches or the like
    • A01K1/03—Housing for domestic or laboratory animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/02—Pigsties; Dog-kennels; Rabbit-hutches or the like
    • A01K1/035—Devices for use in keeping domestic animals, e.g. fittings in housings or dog beds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
    • A01K67/0332—Earthworms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological cycle agriculture, and relates to a method for restoring saline-alkali soil in ecological cycle planting and breeding of a greenhouse. The invention provides a greenhouse ecological cycle breeding method, wherein sheep are bred in a greenhouse, excrement of the sheep is fermented by microorganisms to serve as feed to feed earthworms, the excrement of the sheep and digests of the earthworms serve as fertilizers to plant crops, and the grown crops serve as feed to feed the sheep. The invention further provides the application of the greenhouse ecological cycle planting and breeding method in saline-alkali soil restoration and an ecological cycle planting and breeding greenhouse. The method for restoring saline-alkali soil for ecological cycle planting and breeding in the greenhouse, provided by the invention, can effectively improve the living environment of animals, improve the output quality of livestock and poultry products, corn and other agricultural products, produce real green agricultural products, effectively improve the soil fertility of the saline-alkali soil, effectively inhibit soil-borne diseases of the greenhouse, and has remarkable economic and ecological benefits.

Description

Method for restoring saline-alkali soil by ecological cycle planting and breeding of greenhouse
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological cycle agriculture, relates to a method for restoring saline-alkali soil by ecological cycle planting and breeding of a greenhouse, and particularly relates to a method for ecological cycle planting and breeding of a greenhouse and application of the method to restoration of the saline-alkali soil.
Background
Along with the development of economy, the agricultural intensification degree of China is gradually improved. The large-scale and intensive planting and breeding industry gradually replaces the traditional economic planting and breeding mode of the field. While the economic society is rapidly developing, serious environmental problems are accompanied. According to the first national pollution source census bulletin, agriculture becomes a main pollution source, and the agricultural pollution source is the largest contributor of chemical oxygen demand and is also a main source of total nitrogen and total phosphorus emission. On one hand, the large-scale planting industry uses a large amount of chemical fertilizers and causes nitrogen and phosphorus loss to pollute the environment, and on the other hand, the large-scale breeding industry generates and discharges a large amount of livestock and poultry manure and waste tail water to pollute the environment. The separation of agriculture and animal husbandry and the separation of planting and breeding cause that the original complementary planting and breeding become the main cause of environmental pollution. Therefore, the development of modern ecological cycle agriculture with proper scale, matching of agriculture and pasture and planting and breeding combination is a problem which must be solved currently.
High efficiency, ecology, environmental protection and energy conservation are inevitable trends in the development of modern ecological cycle agriculture. The ecological cycle planting and breeding mode is developed by utilizing the greenhouse, so that resources can be recycled for many times, the purposes of grain saving, fertilizer saving, energy saving and pollution reduction are achieved, plants, animals and microorganisms can be organically combined by taking the greenhouse as a center, a biological chain which is interdependent, mutually complementary and mutually promoted is formed, high-quality organic agricultural products are produced, and the utilization efficiency of the greenhouse is improved.
The method for breeding the grass and the sheep in the greenhouse is also a mode for ecological cycle breeding, but how to scientifically and reasonably utilize the internal space of the greenhouse, fully play the role of limited land resources and furthest improve the economic benefit is still a problem to be solved urgently. Particularly in the field of saline-alkali soil improvement and restoration, a greenhouse planting and breeding combination mode is still needed to realize a real breakthrough as an ecological restoration method for exerting the best soil restoration effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a greenhouse ecological cycle planting and breeding method, which is applied to the field of saline-alkali soil improvement and restoration, can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of greenhouse of a greenhouse, improve the output quality of agricultural and sideline products, reduce agricultural non-point source pollution, realize resource cycle utilization, and provide technical reference for promoting the construction of planting and breeding combined ecological cycle agricultural standards and the popularization of related technical modes.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides a greenhouse ecological cycle planting and breeding method, wherein sheep are bred in a greenhouse, the excrement of the sheep is fermented by microorganisms to serve as a feed for feeding earthworms, the excrement of the sheep and the digestion of the earthworms serve as fertilizers for planting crops, and the grown crops serve as the feed for feeding the sheep.
Preferably, the ecological cycle planting and breeding method for the greenhouse specifically comprises the following steps:
1) dividing an animal breeding area and a plant planting area in a greenhouse, wherein the animal breeding area is located in the middle area of the greenhouse, and the plant planting area is located on two sides of the animal breeding area;
preferably, in step 1), the greenhouse is a facility multi-span greenhouse. The facility multi-span greenhouse is a steel structure frame. The greenhouse is a greenhouse, also called a greenhouse.
Preferably, in the step 1), the greenhouse comprises a frame, a film and a sunshade net, wherein the film covers the periphery of the frame, and the sunshade net is paved outside the film.
More preferably, the top of the frame is semi-circular arc shaped.
More preferably, the frame is a steel frame.
More preferably, the film is a plastic film. The plastic film is PVC or PE plastic film.
More preferably, the sunshade net is two layers of sunshade net with the light transmittance of 30%.
More preferably, the greenhouse top sunshade net is additionally provided with an automatic opening and closing device. The sunshade net part provided with the automatic opening and closing device is positioned above the animal breeding area and can be opened or closed.
2) A sheep house is arranged in the animal breeding area in the step 1) and used for breeding sheep, biological fermentation tanks are paved around the sheep house, and the lower layer of each biological fermentation tank is an earthworm breeding layer for putting earthworms;
preferably, in step 2), the sheep cot comprises an artificial channel, a feeding trough and a movable frame bed, wherein the artificial channel is located in the middle of the sheep cot, and the feeding trough and the movable frame bed are sequentially arranged on two sides of the artificial channel respectively. The sheep were raised in a moving bed.
More preferably, the breeding density of the sheep in the movable bed is 10-15 sheep per 40-50 m2。
More preferably, the sheepfold is kept ventilated and dry, taking care of the cleanliness of the feed and drinking water, the trough is cleaned once a day in the early morning and the drinking water is changed every day.
Preferably, in step 2), the sheep is a commercial goat. More preferably, the goat is a Chongming white goat and Boer goat hybrid, and is purchased from a Chongming local white goat breeding field.
Preferably, in the step 2), the earthworm casting density in the earthworm cultivation layer is 1000-1200 earthworms/m2。
Preferably, in the step 2), the breeding density of the earthworms in the earthworm breeding layer is 1000-2000 earthworms/m2。
Preferably, in step 2), the earthworms are commercially available earthworms. More preferably, the earthworms are commercially available taiping No. two earthworms.
3) Feeding earthworms in the earthworm cultivation layer after microbial fermentation is carried out on excrement generated by the sheep in the sheep house in the step 2) in a biological fermentation tank;
preferably, in the step 3), the microbial fermentation refers to that the sheep excrement is put into a biological fermentation tank as a base material, and then microbial agent is added to decompose the sheep excrement, and then the sheep excrement is mixed with padding and is fully fermented.
More preferably, the time for sufficient fermentation is 7-10 days.
More preferably, the bedding is pre-loaded in the bio-fermentation tank.
Further preferably, the bedding is corn stover.
More preferably, the base material and the padding are added in the following mass percentage: 65-75 percent and 25-35 percent. Further preferably, the base material and the padding are added in the following mass percentage: 70 percent to 30 percent.
More preferably, the microbial agent is a probiotic.
Further preferably, the probiotic is a commercially available litter microorganism fermentation probiotic. Specifically, the microbial fermentation probiotics refer to any conventional probiotics which can be used for performing microbial fermentation on bedding materials.
4) Then, applying the sheep excrement and/or earthworm digests in the step 3) as fertilizers to the plant planting area in the step 1) for crop rotation and interplant of crops;
preferably, in step 4), the crop is ryegrass, corn, alfalfa, sorghum.
More preferably, the ryegrass is commercially available ryegrass. Further preferably, the ryegrass is "extra high" (variety accession number 227) saline alkali tolerant lolium multiflorum.
More preferably, the sowing period of the ryegrass is 9-11 months per year, and the sowing amount is 1-3 kg/666.7 m2Grazing when the plant height is 25-40 cm, mowing when the plant height is 30-50 cm, keeping the height to be 1-5 cm, and mowing for 4-6 times in turn from 12 months to 4 months in the next year.
More preferably, the sowing period of the ryegrass is 10 months per year, and the sowing amount is 1.5-2 kg/666.7 m2And grazing when the plant height is 30-35 cm, mowing when the plant length is 35-40 cm, keeping the height of 2-3 cm, and mowing for 5 times in turn from 12 months to 4 months in the next year.
More preferably, the corn is commercially available corn. Further preferably, the corn is a sweet waxy corn variety 'sweet waxy No. 1', provided by Shanghai Lilifeng agricultural science and technology Co.
More preferably, the sowing time of the corns is 3-5 months per year, and the planting density is 3000-5000 plants/666.7 m2The harvest period is 9-11 months in the current year.
It is further preferred that the first and second liquid crystal compositions,the seeding period of the corn is 4 months per year, and the planting density is 3500-4000 pieces/666.7 m2The harvest period is 9 months in the year. More preferably, the alfalfa is a commercially available alfalfa. Further preferably, the alfalfa is the alfalfa variety "Defu", and the seeds are provided by Bai Green Chinese company.
More preferably, the sowing period of the alfalfa is 8-10 months per year, and the sowing amount is 2-4 kg/666.7 m2Grazing when the plant height is 30-50 cm, mowing when the plant length is 40-60 cm, keeping the height at 1-6 cm, and mowing for 4-6 times in turn from 11 months to 6 months in the next year.
Preferably, the sowing period of the alfalfa is 9 months per year, and the sowing amount is 3.0-3.5 kg/666.7 m2Grazing when the plant height is 35-40 cm, mowing when the plant length is 45-50 cm, keeping the height to be 3-5 cm, and mowing for 5 times in turn from 11 months to 6 months in the next year.
More preferably, the sorghum is commercial sorghum. Further preferably, the sorghum is a feeding type sweet sorghum variety "Dalisha", and the seeds are provided by Bailv China.
More preferably, the sowing period of the sorghum is 5-7 months per year, and the planting density is 4000-6000 sorghum/666.7 m2The harvest period is 9-11 months in the current year.
Further preferably, the sowing period of the sorghum is 6 months per year, and the planting density is 4500-5000/666.7 m2The harvest period is 10 months in the year.
5) And feeding the sheep with the crops in the step 4) as feed.
Preferably, in the step 5), the feed consists of fresh materials, dry materials and refined materials, and the mass ratio of the fresh materials to the dry materials to the refined materials is 5-7:1-3: 1. More preferably, the mass ratio of the fresh materials, the dry materials and the refined materials is 6:2: 1.
More preferably, the fresh material is silage, namely, the fresh material is prepared by harvesting crops, ensiling and fermenting. The fresh material is prepared from fresh crop ryegrass, corn straw, alfalfa and fresh sorghum.
More preferably, the dry material is commercial dry forage. Specifically, the dry forage is dried pasture and corn straw.
More preferably, the concentrate is a commercially available corn-soybean meal premix. Specifically, the corn-soybean meal premix is a premix for mixing corn and soybean meal.
Preferably, in the step 5), the feeding conditions of the sheep are as follows: the lambs are purchased in 2-3 months, fed for 2-5 times a day, bred in the greenhouse for about 8-12 months and slaughtered, the lambs are fed with 400-2400 g of feed materials every day (the first 3-5 months), and the adult lambs are fed with 2100-2400g of feed materials every day (the last 5-7 months).
Further preferably, the feeding conditions of the sheep are as follows: the lambs are purchased for 2-3 months, fed for 3-4 times a day, bred in a greenhouse for about 10 months and slaughtered, the lambs are fed with 490-510 g every day (the first 4 months), and the adult lambs are fed with 2200-2300 g every day (the last 6 months).
The invention further provides application of the greenhouse ecological cycle planting and breeding method in saline-alkali soil remediation.
The invention further provides an ecological cycle planting and breeding greenhouse, which comprises a frame, a film, a sunshade net, an animal breeding area and a plant planting area; a film covers the periphery of the frame, and a sunshade net is laid outside the film; the animal breeding area is located in the middle area of the greenhouse, the plant planting area is located on two sides of the animal breeding area, the animal breeding area comprises a sheep house, a biological fermentation tank pool and an earthworm breeding layer, the biological fermentation tank pool is paved on the periphery of the sheep house, and the earthworm breeding layer is located on the lower layer of the biological fermentation tank pool.
The greenhouse is a greenhouse, also called a greenhouse. The size of the greenhouse is 40-45 meters in width, 4-5 meters in height and 10-15 meters in length in north and south.
Preferably, the top of the frame is semi-circular arc shaped.
Preferably, the frame is a steel frame.
Preferably, the film is a plastic film.
Preferably, the sunshade net is two layers of sunshade nets with the light transmittance of 30%.
Preferably, the greenhouse top sunshade net is additionally provided with an automatic opening and closing device. The sunshade net part provided with the automatic opening and closing device is positioned above the animal breeding area and can be opened or closed.
Preferably, the sheep hurdle includes artificial channel, fodder groove, removes the frame bed, artificial channel is located the intermediate position of sheep hurdle, artificial channel's both sides are equipped with fodder groove, removal frame bed respectively in proper order.
More preferably, the cultivation density in the movable frame bed is 10-15 per 40-50 m2。
As mentioned above, the saline-alkali soil restoration method adopting ecological cycle planting and breeding in the greenhouse adopts regional planting and breeding, and is divided into a breeding area for animals to live and a planting area for plants to grow, a goat and earthworm symbiotic mode is adopted in the animal breeding area, and a ryegrass, corn, alfalfa and sorghum crop rotation and interplanting mode is adopted in the plant planting area. The method combines basic facilities including land restoration, forage grass planting, goat breeding and earthworm digestion to form a four-in-one ecological circulation system, and explores an ecological circulation planting and breeding economic mode of 'corn-forage grass-goat-earthworm' constructed by means of a facility multi-span greenhouse. The mode is characterized in that sheep manure generated by sheep raising is fermented and then used as a earthworm raising base material, sheep manure and earthworm digestion products of sheep are used for planting corn, sorghum and pasture, and then corn straw, fresh sorghum and pasture are used as sheep feed to feed the sheep. The greenhouse breeding mode enables the utilization rate of a greenhouse to be maximized, excrement generated by breeding is changed into organic nutrition of plants after being fermented by microorganisms and digested by earthworms, the plants improve the living environment of animals while absorbing and utilizing waste discharged by the animals, the animals live in a green and natural ecological environment for a long time, the output quality of livestock and poultry products and agricultural products such as corns is improved, real green agricultural products are produced, and mutual benefit and coexistence symbiosis of the animals and the plants are realized.
The method for restoring saline-alkali soil planted in the greenhouse in an ecological cycle manner improves the mixed utilization rate of the soil, scientifically utilizes the soil resources and can effectively inhibit soil-borne diseases of the greenhouse in the facility. Meanwhile, the ecological cycle planting and breeding mode can also effectively improve the soil fertility of saline-alkali soil, has practical significance on the treatment and utilization of the saline-alkali soil, and has remarkable economic and ecological benefits.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of the ecological cycle planting and breeding greenhouse of the present invention.
Reference numerals
1 frame
2 sunshade net
21 sunshade net part with automatic opening and closing device
3 plant growing area
4 animal breeding area
41 sheep house
411 Artificial channel
412 feeding trough
413 moving frame bed
42 biological fermentation tank
43 earthworm breeding layer
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to limit the scope of the invention.
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the ecological cycle planting and breeding greenhouse used in the following embodiments comprises a frame 1, a film, a sunshade net 2, an animal breeding area 4 and a plant planting area 3; a film covers the periphery of the frame 1, and a sunshade net 2 is laid outside the film; the animal breeding area 4 is located in the middle area of the greenhouse, the plant planting area 3 is located on two sides of the animal breeding area 4, the animal breeding area 4 comprises a sheep cot 41, a biological fermentation tank 42 and an earthworm breeding layer 43, the biological fermentation tank 42 is paved around the sheep cot 41, and the earthworm breeding layer 43 is located on the lower layer of the biological fermentation tank 42.
The top of the frame 1 is in a semi-circular arc shape. The frame 1 is a steel frame. The film is a plastic film. The sunshade net 2 is two layers of sunshade nets with the light transmittance of 30 percent. And an automatic opening and closing device is additionally arranged on the sunshade net 2 at the top of the greenhouse. The sunshade net part 21 provided with the automatic opening and closing device is positioned above the animal breeding area 4 and can be opened or closed. Sheep hurdle 41 is including artifical passageway 411, fodder trough 412, removal bed 413, artifical passageway 411 is located sheep hurdle 41's intermediate position, the both sides of artifical passageway 411 are equipped with fodder trough 412, removal bed 413 respectively in proper order.
Example 1
1. Procedure of experiment
The ecological cycle planting and breeding greenhouse is arranged on the saline-alkali soil, is a steel structure frame multi-span greenhouse, is 40-45 meters wide in east-west, 4-5 meters high in east-west and 10-15 meters long in north and south. The automatic opening and closing device is characterized in that a steel frame is used as a frame, a semicircular arc top is arranged above the steel frame, a plastic film covers the periphery of the steel frame, two layers of sunshade nets with light transmittance of 30% are laid outside the plastic film, an automatic opening and closing device is additionally arranged on the part, located at the top of the greenhouse, of the sunshade nets, and the part, provided with the automatic opening and closing device, of the sunshade nets is located above the animal breeding area.
An animal breeding area and a plant planting area are divided in the greenhouse, the animal breeding area is located in the middle area of the greenhouse, and the plant planting area is located on the two sides of the animal breeding area. The specifications of the plant growing areas on the two sides are respectively 15-20 meters in east-west width and 10-15 meters in north-south length. The animal breeding area is 4-5 m wide in width and 10-12 m long in north and south.
The animal breeding area is equipped with the sheep hurdle and is used for breeding the sheep, and the sheep hurdle is including artificial channel, fodder groove, removal frame bed, and artificial channel is located the intermediate position of sheep hurdle, and artificial channel's both sides are equipped with fodder groove, removal frame bed respectively in proper order. Wherein, the sheep are hybrid species of Chongming white goat and Boer goat, the goat is raised in a movable frame bed, each movable frame bed has the width of 2-2.5 meters, the length of 10-12 meters and the height of 50-60 cm, and the area of the two movable frame beds is 40-50 m2The culture density is10 to 15 pieces. The sheep house is kept ventilated and dry, the feed and the drinking water are kept clean, the feeding groove is cleaned once every morning, and the drinking water is replaced every day.
The periphery of the sheep pen is paved with a biological fermentation tank, and the lower layer of the biological fermentation tank is an earthworm breeding layer for putting earthworms. Padding-corn straw is filled in the biological fermentation bed in advance, sheep excrement is used as base material and is placed in a biological fermentation tank, the mass percentage of the base material to the padding is 70% and 30%, padding microbial fermentation probiotics are added, after the padding microbial fermentation probiotics are fully fermented for 7-10 days and are decomposed, earthworm planting can be put in the earthworm breeding layer, and the fermented feed is fed for earthworms. The earthworms are Taiping No. two earthworms, and the seed throwing density is 1000-1200 pieces/m2. The bait and the earthworm dung on the surface layer of the earthworm bed are shoveled out on a sunny day, and when the earthworms are harvested, a strong light stimulation capture method is utilized to remove the light shading objects on the feeding pile layer by layer, so that the earthworms are quickly collected.
Simultaneously, the ryegrass, the corn, the alfalfa and the sorghum are alternately planted in the plant planting area, and the area of the planting area is 600m in total2. The ryegrass is selected from 'extra-high' (variety registration number 227) saline-alkali-tolerant floret ryegrass, the sowing period is 10 months in 2012, and the sowing amount is 1.5-2 kg/666.7 m2Grazing when the plant height is 30-35 cm, mowing when the plant height is 35-40 cm, reserving the height of 2-3 cm, and mowing for 5 times in turn from 12 months to 4 months in the next year; the corn is selected from sweet waxy corn variety 'fragrant sweet waxy No. 1', the seeding period is 4 months in 2013, and the planting density is 3500-4000 plants/666.7 m2The harvest period is 2013 and 9 months; the alfalfa is selected from the alfalfa variety Defu, the sowing period is 9 months in 2013, and the sowing quantity is 3.0-3.5 kg/666.7 m2Grazing when the plant height is 35-40 cm, mowing when the plant height is 45-50 cm, keeping the height to be 3-5 cm, and mowing for 5 times in turn from 11 months to 6 months in the next year; the sorghum is selected from feeding type sweet sorghum, namely Dalishi, the seeding period is 6 months in 2014, and the planting density is 4500-5000 plants/666.7 m2The harvest period is 2014 and 10 months.
Then, harvesting, ensiling and fermenting the ryegrass fresh grass, the corn straw, the alfalfa and the sorghum fresh grass to prepare fresh materials (ensiling feed), mixing the fresh materials, the dry materials and the concentrated materials according to the ratio of 6:2:1, and feeding the mixture to goats. The goat feeding conditions are as follows: the lambs are purchased in 2-3 months, fed for 3-4 times a day, bred in a greenhouse for about 10 months and slaughtered, and fed with 500g lambs (the first 4 months) and 2250g adult lambs (the last 6 months) per day.
2. Results of the experiment
Harvesting of corn: from 4 months in 2013 to 10 months in 2013, 1020.6kg of corn and 1240.0kg of corn straw are harvested in total.
Harvesting the ryegrass: and (4) mowing the ryegrass for 3-5 times from 10 months to 2013 months in 2012, wherein the total yield is 7650.4 kg.
Harvesting alfalfa: and (4) cutting the alfalfa 3-5 times from 9 months in 2013 to 6 months in 2014, wherein the total yield is 7700.2 kg.
Harvesting sorghum: and (3) mowing 3-5 times from 6 months in 2014 to 10 months in 2014, and harvesting 5065.0kg of fresh sorghum.
Harvesting goats: 15 lambs of 2 months of age are purchased in 2 months of 2013, 500g is fed every day in the first 4 months, 2250g is fed every day in the last 6 months, and grazing is carried out according to the growth condition limit of pasture. And (3) gradually marketing from 11 months according to market prices, putting 15 goats in 3 months in 2014, marketing all the goats, totaling the yield of 808.1kg of goats, and consuming 4650kg of fresh materials, 1550kg of dry materials and 775kg of fine materials in a cumulative manner. 15 lambs of 2 months old are purchased again in 2 months in 2014, the feeding method is as above, all the lambs are discharged in 3 months in 2015, the total yield of the goats is 815.7kg, and 4820kg of fresh materials, 1650kg of dry materials and 780kg of fine materials are consumed in a cumulative manner. The total goat yield is 1623.8kg in two years.
Harvesting earthworms: the breeding density is controlled to be 1000-2000 strips/m2100kg of earthworm seedlings are put in, and 632.8kg of earthworms are harvested from 4 months in 2013 to 4 months in 2015 and within 2 years.
3. Economic benefits
TABLE 1 "corn-forage grass-goat-earthworm" ecological cycle planting and breeding mode income cost analysis
Figure BDA0000964450880000081
Note: 30 lambs are put into the lamb, each lambs is 200 yuan, and the cost of putting the lambs is 6000 yuan; the earthworm is put into 100kg, the unit price is 58 yuan/kg, and the input cost for seed placement is about 5800 yuan; mountainThe feed for sheep is composed of fresh feed, dry feed and concentrated feed, the forage grass is planted for the fresh feed and the dry feed, and the cost of the feed is mainly generated by the concentrated feed. The refined material is calculated according to 1.9 yuan/kg, 1555kg of refined material is consumed, and the refined material is about 2954.5 yuan.
As shown in Table 1 above, 1020.6kg of corn was harvested, with an average value of 15 yuan/kg, totaling 15309.0 yuan; the goat is harvested by 1623.8kg, the unit price is 40.0 yuan/kg, and the income is 64952.0 yuan; 632.8kg of earthworms are produced, the unit price is 58.0 yuan/kg, and the income is 36702.4 yuan.
The total income is 116963.4 yuan in 2 years, the total cost is 31296.5 yuan, the total profit is 85666.9 yuan, and the annual average profit is about 42833.5 yuan. Therefore, the greenhouse ecological cycle planting and breeding method provided by the invention has very obvious economic benefits.
Example 2
In order to determine the improvement effect of greenhouse ecological cycle planting on saline-alkali soil, 30 soil samples of 0-20 cm in a greenhouse are respectively collected by an S-type sampling method in 10 months in 2012, 4 months in 2013, 9 months in 2013, 6 months in 2014 and 10 months in 2014, after mixing, 1kg of soil sample is taken by a quartering method and taken back to a laboratory for air drying and grinding, the basic physicochemical properties of full salt content, organic matters, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, soil volume weight and the like are measured, and the specific test result is shown in table 2. Meanwhile, the microbial condition of the saline-alkali soil is determined, and specific test results are shown in table 3.
As can be seen from the table 2, the saline-alkali soil restoration effect is good by adopting the greenhouse ecological cycle planting and breeding method. After 2 years of ecological cycle planting and breeding, the salt content of the surface soil is reduced by 22.7%, the organic matter, alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium of the surface soil are respectively increased by 15.2%, 58.9%, 21.4% and 10.7%, the pH value of the surface soil is reduced by 0.30, and the volume weight of the soil is reduced by 15.97%.
As can be seen from Table 3, the adoption of the greenhouse ecological cycle planting and breeding method has great influence on the microbial system of the saline-alkali soil. The method for continuously planting and breeding the saline-alkali soil in the ecological cycle manner by adopting the greenhouse reduces the number of fungi in 0-20 cm plough layer soil of the saline-alkali soil by 39.4%, and increases the number of bacteria and actinomycetes by 62.7% and 45.3% respectively.
TABLE 2 influence of ecological cycle planting on physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soil
Figure BDA0000964450880000091
TABLE 3 influence of ecological cycle planting on saline-alkali soil microbial flora
Figure BDA0000964450880000092
Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. An ecological cycle planting and breeding greenhouse is characterized in that the greenhouse is used for saline-alkali soil restoration, is arranged on saline-alkali soil and comprises a frame, a film, a sunshade net, an animal breeding area and a plant planting area; a film covers the periphery of the frame, and a sunshade net is laid outside the film; the animal breeding area is positioned in the middle area of the greenhouse, the plant planting area is positioned on two sides of the animal breeding area, the animal breeding area comprises a sheep cot, a biological fermentation tank pool and an earthworm breeding layer, the biological fermentation tank pool is paved on the periphery of the sheep cot, and the earthworm breeding layer is positioned on the lower layer of the biological fermentation tank pool;
an automatic opening and closing device is additionally arranged on the sunshade net at the top of the greenhouse;
the greenhouse is set according to the following ecological cycle breeding method, the sheep is bred in the greenhouse, the excrement of the sheep is fermented by microorganisms to serve as a feed for feeding earthworms, the excrement of the sheep and the digestion of the earthworms serve as fertilizers for planting crops, and the grown crops serve as the feed for feeding the sheep;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) dividing an animal breeding area and a plant planting area in a greenhouse, wherein the animal breeding area is located in the middle area of the greenhouse, and the plant planting area is located on two sides of the animal breeding area;
2) a sheep house is arranged in the animal breeding area in the step 1) and used for breeding sheep, biological fermentation tanks are paved around the sheep house, and the lower layer of each biological fermentation tank is an earthworm breeding layer for putting earthworms;
3) feeding earthworms in the earthworm cultivation layer after microbial fermentation is carried out on excrement generated by the sheep in the sheep house in the step 2) in a biological fermentation tank;
4) then, applying the sheep excrement and/or earthworm digests in the step 3) as fertilizers to the plant planting area in the step 1) for crop rotation and interplant of crops;
5) feeding the sheep with the crops in the step 4) as feed;
the ecological cycle planting and breeding method can effectively improve the soil fertility of the saline-alkali soil, has practical significance for the treatment and utilization of the saline-alkali soil, and has obvious economic benefit and ecological benefit;
in the step 3), the microbial fermentation refers to that sheep excrement is used as a base material and is put into a biological fermentation tank, and then microbial agents are added for decomposition, and then the base material is mixed with padding and is fully fermented;
the microbial fermentation further comprises any one or more of the following conditions:
B1) the time for full fermentation is 7-10 days;
B2) the padding is pre-arranged in a biological fermentation tank, and the padding is corn straws;
B3) the base material and the padding are added in the following mass percentage: 65-75%: 25 to 35 percent;
in the step 5), the feed consists of fresh materials, dry materials and refined materials, and the mass ratio of the fresh materials to the dry materials to the refined materials is 5-7:1-3: 1;
in the step 2), the sheep pen comprises an artificial channel, a feeding trough and a movable frame bed, wherein the artificial channel is located in the middle of the sheep pen, and the feeding trough and the movable frame bed are sequentially arranged on two sides of the artificial channel respectively;
in the step 2), any one or more of the following conditions are also included:
A1) the breeding density of the sheep in the movable frame bed is 10-15 per 40-50 m2；
A2) The feeding density of earthworms in the earthworm breeding layer is 1000-1200 earthworms/m2；
A3) The breeding density of earthworms in the earthworm breeding layer is 1000-2000 earthworms/m2；
In the step 4), the crops are ryegrass, corn, alfalfa and sorghum;
the sheep is hybrid chongming white goat and Boer goat; the earthworms are Taiping No. two earthworms; when the earthworms are harvested, the light shading objects on the feeding pile are removed layer by using a strong light stimulation capture method, and the earthworms are quickly collected.
2. A greenhouse ecological cycle planting and breeding method is characterized in that the method is used for saline-alkali land restoration, a greenhouse is arranged on the saline-alkali land, sheep are bred in the greenhouse, excrement of the sheep is fermented by microorganisms to serve as a feed for feeding earthworms, the excrement of the sheep and digestion products of the earthworms serve as fertilizers for planting crops, and the grown crops serve as the feed for feeding the sheep;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) dividing an animal breeding area and a plant planting area in a greenhouse, wherein the animal breeding area is located in the middle area of the greenhouse, and the plant planting area is located on two sides of the animal breeding area;
2) a sheep house is arranged in the animal breeding area in the step 1) and used for breeding sheep, biological fermentation tanks are paved around the sheep house, and the lower layer of each biological fermentation tank is an earthworm breeding layer for putting earthworms;
3) feeding earthworms in the earthworm cultivation layer after microbial fermentation is carried out on excrement generated by the sheep in the sheep house in the step 2) in a biological fermentation tank;
4) then, applying the sheep excrement and/or earthworm digests in the step 3) as fertilizers to the plant planting area in the step 1) for crop rotation and interplant of crops;
5) feeding the sheep with the crops in the step 4) as feed;
the ecological cycle planting and breeding method can effectively improve the soil fertility of the saline-alkali soil, has practical significance for the treatment and utilization of the saline-alkali soil, and has obvious economic benefit and ecological benefit;
in the step 3), the microbial fermentation refers to that sheep excrement is used as a base material and is put into a biological fermentation tank, and then microbial agents are added for decomposition, and then the base material is mixed with padding and is fully fermented;
the microbial fermentation further comprises any one or more of the following conditions:
B1) the time for full fermentation is 7-10 days;
B2) the padding is pre-arranged in a biological fermentation tank, and the padding is corn straws;
B3) the base material and the padding are added in the following mass percentage: 65-75%: 25 to 35 percent;
in the step 5), the feed consists of fresh materials, dry materials and refined materials, and the mass ratio of the fresh materials to the dry materials to the refined materials is 5-7:1-3: 1;
in the step 2), the sheep pen comprises an artificial channel, a feeding trough and a movable frame bed, wherein the artificial channel is located in the middle of the sheep pen, and the feeding trough and the movable frame bed are sequentially arranged on two sides of the artificial channel respectively;
in the step 2), any one or more of the following conditions are also included:
A1) the breeding density of the sheep in the movable frame bed is 10-15 per 40-50 m2；
A2) The feeding density of earthworms in the earthworm breeding layer is 1000-1200 earthworms/m2；
A3) The breeding density of earthworms in the earthworm breeding layer is 1000-2000 earthworms/m2；
In the step 4), the crops are ryegrass, corn, alfalfa and sorghum;
the sheep is hybrid chongming white goat and Boer goat; the earthworms are Taiping No. two earthworms; when the earthworms are harvested, the light shading objects on the feeding pile are removed layer by using a strong light stimulation capture method, and the earthworms are quickly collected.
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