CN107272294B - 一种电控智能窗及制备方法、光调节方法 - Google Patents
一种电控智能窗及制备方法、光调节方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电控智能窗,包括:两块相对的透光基板、电源组件、以及透光基板之间的调光区,所述调光区被像素墙分隔成若干个调光单元,调光单元紧密排列成网格状;电源组件的一极与像素墙连接,另一极与每个调光单元中心处所对应的透光基板连接;填充在两透光基板之间的液晶高分子颗粒和填充液,所述液晶高分子颗粒表面带电。本发明基于胆甾型液晶高分子螺旋的布拉格反射特性,采用了表面带电的、反射特定波段光的液晶高分子微米颗粒作为基础反射物,具有易制备、成本低、性能稳定和不干扰电磁信号的显著优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及绿色建筑/装饰材料领域,尤其涉及一种基于带电高分子悬浮颗粒的电控智能窗及制备方法,以及该电控智能窗的光调节方法。
背景技术
随着环保、节能日益受到重视,能源的合理利用与节能产品的研制开发取得显著的进展。在这种背景下,80年代前期首先提出将电致变色材料应用于建筑物、汽车、飞机等节能采光***中,形成能动态调节太阳辐射能透过率的“智能窗”。直到现在,智能窗的研究及应用仍是研究的热点之一。
目前,智能窗主要分为3类:铬材料智能窗,即热反射镀膜玻璃,属于单向热反射,反射率有限,且有造成重金属污染的潜在危害;离子晶体智能窗,主要基于金属和金属氧化物掺杂的离子晶体电控技术,屏蔽电磁信号,易干扰通讯和导航***;电泳或粒子悬浮智能窗,不具有光选择性,可见光透射角有限。
因此,液晶粒子悬浮智能窗应运而生。它基于胆甾型液晶分子的螺旋状自组装构型,通过布拉格反射选择性地反射特定波段的光,包括可见光和红外光。特别是红外光的反射,可有效地减少夏季高温情况下外部热辐射对室内的升温作用,达到减少空调能耗的目的。然而,即使采用电致、热致、光致等响应性液晶材料来实现特定波段光透反射的调节,仍然受到液晶材料响应能力、变色范围和刺激条件的限制,在操控性和响应速度等问题上难以突破。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于带电高分子悬浮颗粒的电控智能窗,适用于建筑物、汽车、飞机、轮船等内外窗的选择性透反射调控,以实现调光调温作用,也可用于反射式显示领域。
本发明的另一目的是提供该电控智能窗的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的是提供该电控智能窗的光调节方法。
为达到上述目的之一,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种电控智能窗,包括:
两块相对的透光基板、电源组件、以及透光基板之间的调光区,所述调光区被像素墙分隔成若干个调光单元,调光单元紧密排列成网格状;电源组件的一极与像素墙连接,另一极与每个调光单元中心处所对应的透光基板连接;
填充在两透光基板之间的液晶高分子颗粒和填充液,所述液晶高分子颗粒表面带电。
像素墙属于LCD、OLED、电子纸等平板显示领域,一般通过点胶机、丝网印刷等将光刻胶光固化成型。本发明的像素墙,与电润湿器件中的像素墙相同,但是内表面导电。
每个调光单元可以单独调控。
进一步地,所述液晶高分子颗粒经表面质子化或离子化处理。
进一步地,所述液晶高分子颗粒经离子型表面活性剂、弱酸或弱碱处理。
进一步地,所述填充液为无色、透明、不电解、粘度与水接近、密度与液晶高分子颗粒相近的导电液体。
进一步地,所述填充液为纯水、盐水、低密度导电硅油、离子液体或电解质醇溶液。
所述高分子悬浮颗粒由一种或多种液晶高分子单体聚合而成,具体而言,可以由向列相液晶、手性液晶、光引发剂和阻聚剂反应得到。
一种制备上述电控智能窗的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、液晶高分子颗粒经表面质子化或离子化处理,使颗粒表面带电;
S2、取一块带有导电像素墙的透光基板作为下基板,四周以间隔子制成边框;
S3、将填充液和带电的液晶高分子颗粒混合均匀,注入调光区;
S4、将一块透光基板作为上基板与下基板贴合,形成调光盒,每个调光单元中心处所对应的上基板设有点状电极;
S5、将调光区边缘密封,并将电源组件的两极分别与像素墙、上基板的点状电极连接。
进一步地,所述液晶高分子颗粒按照以下步骤制备:
S1、取两块透光基板,分别在两块透光基板的内表面涂覆垂直取向层;
S2、将两块透光基板涂覆有垂直取向层的表面向内平行放置,中间加间隔子封装制成液晶盒;
S3、向液晶盒填充掺有光引发剂、阻聚剂、液晶单体的溶液,并用紫外光辐照或加热固化,得到液晶薄膜;
S4、取出液晶薄膜,通过物理粉碎制成液晶高分子颗粒;或在固化时结合掩模版或模板法直接制成液晶高分子颗粒。
间隔子是一种压敏胶,胶内填充了单一粒径的微米级无机颗粒,以保证粘结上下基板后中间的间隔是固定的。
垂直取向层有很多种,常用自取向聚酰亚胺,或采用非取向聚酰亚胺、聚乙烯醇等材料,结合刮擦、刮刻、刷等制备工艺制成垂直取向层。
上述电控智能窗的光调节方法:通过通断电控制带电高分子颗粒移动来调节特定波段光的反射和吸收。未通电时调光区内的带电液晶高分子颗粒均匀悬浮在填充液中,通电时带电液晶高分子颗粒聚集吸附在像素墙附近,以实现光透反射效果的调控。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明基于胆甾型液晶高分子螺旋的布拉格反射特性,采用了表面带电的、反射特定波段光的液晶高分子微米颗粒作为基础反射物,具有易制备、成本低、性能稳定和不干扰电磁信号的显著优点。
1、本发明采用由微小调光单元组成的阵列结构,则能够明显减少响应时间,可大大地提高红外反射液晶高分子颗粒聚集与分散的速度,具有调控速率快和可单独调控的特性。具体表现为:
(1)调光单元越小,聚集或分散速度越快,智能窗的响应时间也就越快。如果接近视频响应速度,甚至可以当作显示屏用。
(2)每个调光单元可单独调控,由此理论上至少可以作为非动态视频显示用。
(3)通过改变电流输入的方向或电场方向,可以控制颗粒聚集或分散。
2、为了增强电控效果,本发明对高分子悬浮颗粒进行表面处理,一种方法是通过表面质子化或离子化是颗粒表面带电,另一种方法是通过改变组分,使向列相液晶末端带有可质子化或去质子化的基团,最终得到的高分子悬浮颗粒更稳定,不存在脱落失效问题。
3、本发明的电控智能窗具有成本低、响应快、显示面积大等优点。除可对各种波段的光进行选择性透过或反射之外,选择反射一定波段的光实现显示不同的颜色和对比度,有望应用于反射式彩色显示。
4、相比CN 104793391 A公开的技术,本发明的区别在于:
(1)红外反射材料的调控方式不同:CN 104793391 A是利用电场驱动填充液中的电响应液晶分子转向,从而推动红外反射液晶高分子片从与入射光垂直转动到与入射光平行,实现反射到透射的转变;本发明是利用电场直接吸引红外反射液晶高分子材料向电极处聚集,实现反射到全透射的转变。
(2)电场调控对象不同:CN 104793391 A中电场驱动的是填充液中的电响应液晶分子(有机小分子),而本发明电场直接驱动红外反射材料本身。
(3)填充液的组分和要求不同:CN 104793391 A中填充液除密度合适、可导电外,还必须含有对电场响应高的棒状液晶小分子,产生足够的驱动力来推动液晶高分子片转动,而本发明则对填充液只有导电性、密度和粘度的要求,可为单一成分。
(4)红外反射材料形貌要求不同:CN 104793391 A中必须是高分子片,片状形貌才能有利于翻转机制下反射到透射的最大变化,本发明无此要求。
所产生的优势有:
(1)颗粒要求低:本发明的高分子悬浮颗粒可以是球形、棒状、片状等,对粒径分布也没有很高的要求,而CN 104793391 A要求必须是片状的液晶高分子红外反射片,尺寸还必须尽可能一致,25微米为最佳,否则相同电势下液晶片的转动效果不一,对实际效果影响会很大;
(2)驱动更方便:本发明只需聚集再分散即可,无方向要求,而CN 104793391 A液晶高分子红外反射片则是要求90°垂直转动,驱动力大,对转动方向有要求,其控制并不容易实现;
(3)响应时间短:本发明只要填充液粘度够低、驱动力足够,颗粒的聚集和分散是十分快速的,而CN 104793391 A中液晶片的90°垂直转动完全依赖于填充液中载体液晶的电场响应,然后再靠纯分子驱动液晶片转动,这个过程本身就会慢一些;
(4)回复性好:本发明颗粒的聚集和分散快速简便,反射和透射容易快速切换,回复性极佳,而CN 104793391 A中的可回复性是个难题,相当于液晶片90°垂直转动后再90°垂直转动,让填充液中载体液晶再反向作用一次,这完全改变了载体液晶的取向,所以回复效果并不佳,回复十分缓慢;
(5)不存在可视角限制:本发明的颗粒均匀分布,不拘形状,球形颗粒亦可,任何可视角来看都会受到颗粒的反射,但CN104793391A基于红外反射液晶高分子片,对于与入射光完全垂直的方向,透反射转变效果最大,但斜入射的时候效果会打折扣。
附图说明
图1为电控智能窗的结构示意图;
图2是单个调光单元的结构示意图;
图3为未通电状态下电控智能窗中液晶高分子颗粒的分布示意图;
图4为通电状态下电控智能窗中液晶高分子颗粒的分布示意图;
图5为实施例1和实施例2的电控智能窗的反射率。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例1
电控智能窗,如图1、图2所示,包括:
两块相对的透光基板1、电源组件2、以及透光基板之间的调光区,所述调光区被像素墙3分隔成若干个调光单元,调光单元紧密排列成网格状;电源组件2的一极与像素墙3连接,另一极与每个调光单元中心处所对应的透光基板连接;
以及填充在两透光基板之间的液晶高分子颗粒和填充液,所述液晶高分子颗粒表面带电。
电控智能窗按照以下步骤制备:
S1、取两块透光基板,分别在两块透光基板的内表面涂覆垂直取向层;
S2、将两块透光基板涂覆有垂直取向层的表面向内平行放置,中间加间隔子封装制成液晶盒;
S3、向液晶盒填充掺有光引发剂、阻聚剂、向列相液晶、手性液晶(组分及含量如表1所示)的溶液,并用紫外光辐照,得到液晶薄膜;
S4、取出液晶薄膜,通过物理粉碎制成尺寸均匀的液晶高分子颗粒;
S5、用阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠处理液晶高分子颗粒,使颗粒表面带负电;
S6、取一块带有导电像素墙的透光基板作为下基板,四周以间隔子制成边框;
S7、将填充液盐水和带电的液晶高分子颗粒混合均匀,注入调光区,填满整个基板区域;
S8、将一块透光基板作为上基板,与下基板对准后完整贴合,形成中间填有液晶高分子颗粒分散液的电控调光盒,每个调光单元中心处所对应的上基板设有点状电极;
S9、将调光区边缘密封,并将电源组件的两极分别与像素墙、上基板的点状电极连接。
表1液晶的组分及含量
向列相液晶A为4-(3-丙烯酰氧基丙氧基)苯甲酸2-甲基-1,4-苯酯,向列相液晶B为4-氰基苯基4'-(6-丙烯酰氧基己氧基)苯甲酸酯,向列相液晶C为4-[[6-[(1-氧代-2-丙烯基)氧基]己基]氧基]苯甲酸4-甲氧基苯基酯,手性液晶为4-(3-丙烯酰氧基丙氧基)苯酰氧基-1苯甲酸2,6-二氧-4,8-(1,5-连)八环酯,光引发剂为苯基双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)氧化膦,阻聚剂为对苯二酚。向列相液晶单体A末端具有2个可聚合的丙烯酸酯基团,作为单体交联剂。
如图3所示,未通电时,调光区内的带电液晶高分子颗粒4均匀悬浮在填充液中,颗粒在调光区均匀水平排列,此时光波照射在反射颗粒上,选择性反射和透过特定波长的光。
如图4所示,通电时,带电液晶高分子颗粒4聚集吸附在像素墙附近,光不再照射在颗粒上而直接透过,实现光透反射效果的调控。
图5为电控智能窗的反射率,对应可见光波段的调控。
实施例2
电控智能窗的结构与实施例1相同。
电控智能窗按照以下步骤制备:
S1、取两块透光基板,分别在两块透光基板的内表面涂覆垂直取向层;
S2、将两块透光基板涂覆有垂直取向层的表面向内平行放置,中间加间隔子封装制成液晶盒;
S3、向液晶盒填充掺有光引发剂、阻聚剂、向列相液晶、手性液晶(组分及含量如表2所示)的溶液,并用紫外光辐照固化,得到液晶薄膜;
S4、取出液晶薄膜,通过物理粉碎制成尺寸均匀的液晶高分子颗粒;
S5、用阳离子型表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵处理液晶高分子颗粒,使颗粒表面带正电;
S6、取一块带有导电像素墙的透光基板作为下基板,四周以间隔子制成边框;
S7、将填充液离子液体和带电的液晶高分子颗粒混合均匀,注入调光区,填满整个基板区域;
S8、将一块透光基板作为上基板,与下基板对准后完整贴合,形成中间填有液晶高分子颗粒分散液的电控调光盒,每个调光单元中心处所对应的上基板设有点状电极;
S9、将调光区边缘密封,并将电源组件的两极分别与像素墙、上基板的点状电极连接。
表2液晶的组分及含量
向列相液晶A为4-(3-丙烯酰氧基丙氧基)苯甲酸2-甲基-1,4-苯酯,向列相液晶B为4-氰基苯基4'-(6-丙烯酰氧基己氧基)苯甲酸酯,向列相液晶C为4-[[6-[(1-氧代-2-丙烯基)氧基]己基]氧基]苯甲酸4-甲氧基苯基酯,手性液晶为4-(3-丙烯酰氧基丙氧基)苯酰氧基-1苯甲酸2,6-二氧-4,8-(1,5-连)八环酯,光引发剂为苯基双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)氧化膦,阻聚剂为对苯二酚。
未通电时,调光区内的带电液晶高分子颗粒均匀悬浮在填充液中,颗粒在调光区均匀水平排列,此时光波照射在反射颗粒上,选择性反射和透过特定波长的光。
通电时,带电液晶高分子颗粒聚集吸附在像素墙附近,光不再照射在颗粒上而直接透过,实现光透反射效果的调控。
图5为电控智能窗的反射率,对应红外光波段的调控。
本实施例通过改变液晶配比实现了对可见光波段的选择性反射。
实施例3
电控智能窗的结构与实施例1相同。
电控智能窗按照以下步骤制备:
S1、取两块透光基板,分别在两块透光基板的内表面涂覆垂直取向层;
S2、将两块透光基板涂覆有垂直取向层的表面向内平行放置,中间加间隔子封装制成液晶盒;
S3、向液晶盒填充掺有光引发剂、阻聚剂、向列相液晶、手性液晶(组分及含量如表3所示)的溶液,并加热固化,得到液晶薄膜;
S4、结合掩模版或模板法直接制成液晶高分子颗粒;
S5、用弱碱处理液晶高分子颗粒,使其去质子化而带负电;
S6、取一块带有导电像素墙的透光基板作为下基板,四周以间隔子制成边框;
S7、将填充液乙醇和带电的液晶高分子颗粒混合均匀,注入调光区,填满整个基板区域;
S8、将一块透光基板作为上基板,与下基板对准后完整贴合,形成中间填有液晶高分子颗粒分散液的电控调光盒,每个调光单元中心处所对应的上基板设有点状电极;
S9、将调光区边缘密封,并将电源组件的两极分别与像素墙、上基板的点状电极连接。
表3液晶的组分及含量
向列相液晶A为4-(3-丙烯酰氧基丙氧基)苯甲酸2-甲基-1,4-苯酯,向列相液晶B为4-羧基苯基4'-(6-丙烯酰氧基己氧基)苯甲酸酯,向列相液晶C为4-[[6-[(1-氧代-2-丙烯基)氧基]己基]氧基]苯甲酸4-甲氧基苯基酯,手性液晶为4-(3-丙烯酰氧基丙氧基)苯酰氧基-1苯甲酸2,6-二氧-4,8-(1,5-连)八环酯,光引发剂为苯基双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)氧化膦,阻聚剂为对苯二酚。
未通电时,调光区内的带电液晶高分子颗粒均匀悬浮在填充液中,颗粒在调光区均匀水平排列,此时光波照射在反射颗粒上,选择性反射和透过特定波长的光。
通电时,带电液晶高分子颗粒聚集吸附在像素墙附近,光不再照射在颗粒上而直接透过,实现光透反射效果的调控。
本实施例通过改变液晶配比实现了对可见光波段的选择性反射,且液晶配方中有一种组分末端带有羧基,可经去质子化带负电。
实施例4
电控智能窗的结构与实施例1相同。
电控智能窗按照以下步骤制备:
S1、取两块透光基板,分别在两块透光基板的内表面涂覆垂直取向层;
S2、将两块透光基板涂覆有垂直取向层的表面向内平行放置,中间加间隔子封装制成液晶盒;
S3、向液晶盒填充掺有光引发剂、阻聚剂、向列相液晶、手性液晶(组分及含量如表4所示)的溶液,并用紫外光辐照固化,得到液晶薄膜;
S4、取出液晶薄膜,通过物理粉碎制成尺寸均匀的液晶高分子颗粒;
S5、用弱酸处理液晶高分子颗粒,使其质子化而带正电;
S6、取一块带有导电像素墙的透光基板作为下基板,四周以间隔子制成边框;
S7、将填充液盐水和带电的液晶高分子颗粒混合均匀,注入调光区,填满整个基板区域;
S8、将一块透光基板作为上基板,与下基板对准后完整贴合,形成中间填有液晶高分子颗粒分散液的电控调光盒,每个调光单元中心处所对应的上基板设有点状电极;
S9、将调光区边缘密封,并将电源组件的两极分别与像素墙、上基板的点状电极连接。
表4液晶的组分及含量
向列相液晶A为4-(3-丙烯酰氧基丙氧基)苯甲酸2-甲基-1,4-苯酯,向列相液晶B为4-氨基苯基4'-(6-丙烯酰氧基己氧基)苯甲酸酯,向列相液晶C为4-[[6-[(1-氧代-2-丙烯基)氧基]己基]氧基]苯甲酸4-甲氧基苯基酯,手性液晶为4-(3-丙烯酰氧基丙氧基)苯酰氧基-1苯甲酸2,6-二氧-4,8-(1,5-连)八环酯,光引发剂为苯基双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)氧化膦,阻聚剂为对苯二酚。
未通电时,调光区内的带电液晶高分子颗粒均匀悬浮在填充液中,颗粒在调光区均匀水平排列,此时光波照射在反射颗粒上,选择性反射和透过特定波长的光。
通电时,带电液晶高分子颗粒聚集吸附在像素墙附近,光不再照射在颗粒上而直接透过,实现光透反射效果的调控。
本实施例通过改变液晶配比实现了对可见光波段的选择性反射,且液晶配方中有一种组分末端带有氨基,可经质子化带正电。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何属于本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (4)
1.一种制备电控智能窗的方法,其特征在于,其中电控智能窗包括:两块相对的第一透光基板和第二透光基板、电源组件、以及所述第一透光基板和所述第二透光基板之间的调光区,所述调光区被导电像素墙分隔成若干个调光单元,调光单元紧密排列成网格状;电源组件的一极与导电像素墙连接,另一极与每个调光单元中心处所对应的第二透光基板上的点状电极连接;填充在两透光基板之间的液晶高分子颗粒和填充液,所述液晶高分子颗粒表面带电,所述液晶高分子颗粒为胆甾型液晶高分子颗粒,所述胆甾型液晶高分子颗粒含有向列相液晶;包括以下步骤:
S1、胆甾型液晶高分子颗粒中含有的向列相液晶的末端带有羧基,经表面质子化或离子化处理,使颗粒表面带电;
S2、取带有导电像素墙的第一透光基板作为下基板,四周以间隔子制成边框;
S3、将填充液和带电的胆甾型液晶高分子颗粒混合均匀,注入调光区;
S4、将第二透光基板作为上基板与下基板贴合,形成调光盒,每个调光单元中心处所对应的上基板设有点状电极;
S5、将调光区边缘密封,并将电源组件的两极分别与导电像素墙、上基板的点状电极连接;
所述胆甾型液晶高分子颗粒按照以下步骤制备:
S11、取另外两块透光基板,分别在所述另外两块透光基板的内表面涂覆垂直取向层;
S12、将所述另外两块透光基板涂覆有垂直取向层的表面向内平行放置,中间加间隔子封装制成液晶盒;
S13、向液晶盒填充掺有光引发剂、阻聚剂、液晶单体的溶液,并用紫外光辐照或加热固化;
S14、在固化时结合掩模版制成胆甾型液晶高分子颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备电控智能窗的方法,其特征在于,所述胆甾型液晶高分子颗粒经离子型表面活性剂、弱酸或弱碱处理。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备电控智能窗的方法,其特征在于,所述填充液为无色、透明、不电解、粘度与水的粘度接近、密度与胆甾型液晶高分子颗粒的密度相近的导电液体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备电控智能窗的方法,其特征在于,所述填充液为纯水、盐水、低密度导电硅油、离子液体或电解质醇溶液。
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