CN107268130A - 一种滤布及其生产工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种滤布及其生产工艺,其技术方案要点是:一、混纺:选取优质的锦纶FDY丝和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯纤维,将上述两种纤维混纺成纱线,作为织造滤布的原料;二、浸渍:将混纺后的纱线浸渍在聚四氟乙烯溶液中1‑2h;三、干燥;四、整经:每根单丝的张力均匀一致,整经速度为200‑220m/min,张力为15‑25kg/环;五、递头;六、织网:按照织物组织图进行织网,滤布组织结构为8综,织造经密度为95根/cm‑160根/cm,纬密度为90根/cm‑150根/cm;七、定型:将成网后的滤布先后经过125‑150℃温区、250‑300℃温区和100‑110℃温区热定型后输出;八、轧光:经过两次高温轧光。本发明的一种滤布的生产工艺制得的滤布耐磨性和耐久性好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种布料,更具体地说,它涉及一种滤布及其生产工艺。
背景技术
工业生产的发展极大地改善了人们的物质生活,但工业生产产生的废气废水污染环境已成为世界上急待解决的问题。为了更好地发展生产同时保护和改善环境,近百年来世界各国在环境污染的治理方面进行了许多努力和实践,并取得了很大成效。
整个过滤市场正在快速发展,纤维制品过滤材料在污染控制以及环境治理中的应用越来越广泛。滤布材料是过滤分离设备的“心脏”,是决定分离效果的重要部分,在化工、医药、冶金、食品等行业中起着十分重要的作用。但是由于不同行业的工作物料性质差别大,滤布的使用环境复杂,这就决定了不同条件下滤布材料的选择的不确定性和复杂性。工业过滤的发展趋势主要是在提高过滤效率的前提下,降低生产成本、提高强度和延长使用寿命并且易于后处理。现有的滤布大多是以涤纶和丙纶为原材料制成,这种滤布应用到煤炭、水泥矿产等行业中,在过滤如矿石之类的表面较坚硬粗糙的固体时,滤布的表面与这些过滤物接触时易被磨损,而且这些过滤物表面凸起的棱角也容易穿刺进滤布的滤孔中将滤孔撑大,导致滤布的损坏。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种滤布的生产工艺,通过这种工艺织造出的滤布耐磨性高、密度高,不易被磨损和刺穿。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的:一种滤布的生产工艺,其特征在于:
一、混纺:选取优质的锦纶FDY丝和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯纤维,将上述两种纤维混纺成纱线,作为织造滤布的原料;
二、浸渍:将混纺后的纱线浸渍在聚四氟乙烯溶液中1-2h;
三、干燥:将纱线拉直,经烘箱烘干,去除纱线上的水分,烘干温度为120-180℃;
四、整经:每根单丝的张力均匀一致,整经速度为200-220m/min,张力为15-25kg/环;
五、递头:根据织物穿综图,将第1-8根经线依次穿入第1-8综;
六、织网:按照织物组织图进行织网,滤布组织结构为8综,织造经密度为95根/cm -160根/cm,纬密度为90根/cm -150根/cm,织造过程中经线、纬线密度均匀,网面平整,无断经、无断纬、无回鼻;
七、定型:将成网后的滤布先后经过125-150℃温区、250-300℃温区和100-110℃温区热定型后输出;
八、轧光:经过两次高温轧光,使滤布透气度减小达到双面光滑,在使用过程中容易卸渣。
通过采用上述技术方案,将锦纶FDY丝和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯纤维混纺成纱线,锦纶具有较好的耐磨性和耐久性,且其机械强度高,而聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯纤维具有较好的韧性和耐疲劳性,两者相混纺后,在具备较好的耐磨性的同时,其耐疲劳性也较好,不易发生不可回复的弹性形变;由于进行过滤的过滤物中的液体一般都具有一定的腐蚀性,滤布在进行过滤工作的过程中,纱线便会浸泡在这些液体中,并且在过滤物的重力作用下会发生一定程度的弹性形变,所以很容易因腐蚀而发生变性,从而更容易被磨损;聚四氟乙烯具有较高的耐腐蚀性能和自润滑性能,将纱线浸渍在聚四氟乙烯溶液中,使聚四氟乙烯均匀的浸润在纱线中,干燥后的纱线具有较强的耐腐蚀性,从而减少了纱线因腐蚀而发生磨损的几率;且采用这种纱线织造出的滤布表面较光滑、不易粘渣,易卸料,提高了滤布的使用寿命;干燥的温度为120-180℃,是由于温度低于120℃时,干燥速度较慢,工作效率较低,而温度高于180℃时,纱线易受热而发生变形。
本发明进一步设置为:步骤一中所述锦纶FDY丝的质量百分比为85%-95%,所述聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯纤维的质量百分比为5%-15%。
通过采用上述技术方案,锦纶的质量百分比占绝大多数,这样纱线以锦纶丝为主体,以保证纱线具备较好的耐磨性能,而聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯纤维用于提高纱线的耐疲劳特性,使纱线在过滤过程中发生弹性形变时能保持较好的回复性,过滤完成后能够回复到自然长度,使滤布不易变形。
本发明进一步设置为:步骤六中经线的张力为0.25cN/dtex-0.35cN/dtex。
通过采用上述技术方案,经纱和纬纱在织造的过程中保持一定的张力,使织边部的经纱拉直,避免出现纬纱挂于经纱等现象,造成织机停止;而张力超过0.35cN/dtex时,经纱受到的拉力过大,易发生起毛现象,使织物品质下降。
本发明进一步设置为:步骤六中经线和纬线的布面覆盖系数为1800-2200。
通过采用上述技术方案,滤布的密度高,在过滤过程中不易被刺穿,使滤孔保持不易发生变形,减少滤布因滤孔被撑大而损坏的几率,提高了滤布的使用寿命。
本发明进一步设置为:步骤八中上压辊温度为130-195℃,中压辊的温度为80-100℃,下压辊的温度为130-195℃。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种滤布,其采用上述的生产工艺织造而成,具有耐磨性好、密度高、不易被磨损和刺穿等优点。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的:一种滤布,由上述技术方案所述的生产工艺织造而成。
与现有技术相比本发明具有以下优点:由于本发明的高密度滤布的经线和纬线均采用锦纶丝,其耐磨性和耐久性较好,不易被腐蚀和刺穿,使用寿命长。
附图说明
图1为本发明的生产流程图;
图2为本发明的织物穿综图;
图3为本发明的织物组织结构图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明进行详细描述。
实施例一:一种滤布的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
一、混纺:选取优质的锦纶FDY丝和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯纤维,将上述两种纤维混纺成纱线,作为织造滤布的原料;锦纶FDY丝的质量百分比为85%-95%,优选为90%,聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯纤维的质量百分比为5%-15%,优选为10%;混纺后的纱线耐磨性和耐久性俱佳,且具有较好的耐疲劳特性;在混纺工序中也可以将锦纶丝、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯纤维和聚苯硫醚纤维这三种纤维混纺成纱线,锦纶FDY丝的质量百分比为80%-90%,优选为85%,聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯纤维的质量百分比为5%-10%,优选为8%,聚苯硫醚纤维的质量百分比为5%-10%,优选为7%;由于聚苯硫醚纤维具有极高的热稳定性,其耐高温的特性可以使滤布在高温的工作环境下也具有较好的耐久力,从而提高滤布的使用寿命;在混纺工序中还可以将锦纶丝、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯纤维和芳伦单丝这三种纤维混纺成纱线,锦纶FDY丝的质量百分比为80%-90%,优选为85%,聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯纤维的质量百分比为5%-10%,优选为7%,芳伦纤维的质量百分比为5%-10%,优选为8%;由于芳伦具有极高的强度、韧性和抗老化性能,从而提高了纱线的强度,使纱线在过滤的过程中不易变形,提高了耐久性和使用寿命。
二、浸渍:将混纺后的纱线浸渍在聚四氟乙烯溶液中1-2h,使聚四氟乙烯均匀的浸润纱线,在纱线的表面形成聚四氟乙烯薄膜层,提高纱线的耐腐蚀性和自润滑性。
三、干燥:将纱线拉直,经烘箱烘干,去除纱线上的水分,烘干温度为120-180℃,优选为160℃;干燥过程中将纱线拉直,是为了让纱线中的水分快速渗出,提高干燥效率;在干燥的过程中,纱线由烘箱的一端穿入,另一端穿出,并在烘箱的出口处设有卷筒,纱线穿出后将其端部固定在卷筒上,将干燥完成的纱线收卷在卷筒上,调节好干燥速度和收卷的速度,实现边干燥边收卷,提高工作效率。
四、整经:每根单丝的张力均匀一致,整经速度为200-220m/min,优选为210 m/min,张力为15-25kg/环,优选为20 kg/环。
五、递头:根据织物穿综图,将第1-8根经线依次穿入第1-8综;
六、织网:按照织物组织图进行织网,滤布组织结构为8综,织造经密度为95根/cm -160根/cm,优选为140根/cm,纬密度为90根/cm -150根/cm,优选为125根/cm经线和纬线的布面覆盖系数为1800-2200,优选为2000;需要说明的是,布面覆盖系数用+来表示,密度是通过测定织物中央部的经线密度和纬线密度来计算布面覆盖系数,织造过程中经线、纬线密度均匀,网面平整,无断经、无断纬、无回鼻;在织造的过程中,经线的张力为0.25cN/dtex-0.35cN/dtex,优选为0.3cN/dtex,避免在避免出现纬纱挂于经纱等现象,造成织机停止。
七、定型:将成网后的滤布先后经过125-150℃温区、250-300℃温区和100-110℃温区热定型后输出,优选为先后经过140℃温区、280℃温区和110℃温区;经定型工序后的滤布,织物较为均匀,在使用过程中不易发生收缩。
八、覆膜:在定型后的滤布上涂覆聚氨酯弹性膜,并进行烘干。聚氨酯具有良好的韧性、耐磨性和耐老化性,涂覆在滤布的表面可以大大提高滤布的耐磨性能及使用寿命。
九、轧光:经过两次高温轧光,使滤布透气度减小达到双面光滑,在使用过程中容易卸渣,轧光的过程中,上压辊温度为130-195℃,优选为170℃,中压辊的温度为80-100℃,优选为90℃,下压辊的温度为130-195℃,优选为170℃,滤布先在上压辊和中压辊之间轧光后,再经中压辊和下压辊轧光,经两次高温轧光后,滤布达到双面光滑的要求;经轧光工序后的滤布,按照需要进行合理的拼切后即可投入使用。
实施例二:一种滤布,由上述滤布的生产工艺制备而成。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例,凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种滤布的生产工艺,其特征在于:
一、混纺:选取优质的锦纶FDY丝和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯纤维,将上述两种纤维混纺成纱线,作为织造滤布的原料;
二、浸渍:将混纺后的纱线浸渍在聚四氟乙烯溶液中1-2h;
三、干燥:将纱线拉直,经烘箱烘干,去除纱线上的水分,烘干温度为120-180℃;
四、整经:每根单丝的张力均匀一致,整经速度为200-220m/min,张力为15-25kg/环;
五、递头:根据织物穿综图,将第1-8根经线依次穿入第1-8综;
六、织网:按照织物组织图进行织网,滤布组织结构为8综,织造经密度为95根/cm -160根/cm,纬密度为90根/cm -150根/cm,织造过程中经线、纬线密度均匀,网面平整,无断经、无断纬、无回鼻;
七、定型:将成网后的滤布先后经过125-150℃温区、250-300℃温区和100-110℃温区热定型后输出;
八、轧光:经过两次高温轧光,使滤布透气度减小达到双面光滑,在使用过程中容易卸渣。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种滤布的生产工艺,其特征在于:步骤一中所述锦纶FDY丝的质量百分比为85%-95%,所述聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯纤维的质量百分比为5%-15%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种滤布的生产工艺,其特征在于:步骤六中经线的张力为0.25cN/dtex-0.35cN/dtex。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种滤布的生产工艺,其特征在于:步骤六中经线和纬线的布面覆盖系数为1900-2200。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种滤布的生产工艺,其特征在于:步骤八中上压辊温度为130-195℃,中压辊的温度为80-100℃,下压辊的温度为130-195℃。
6.一种滤布,其特征在于:由权利要求1至5任意一项所述的生产工艺制成。
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