CN107232052A - The method that HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab cultivating pool table top based on marine solonchak cultivates pasture and water - Google Patents
The method that HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab cultivating pool table top based on marine solonchak cultivates pasture and water Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab cultivating pool table top based on marine solonchak cultivates pasture and water, its technical scheme includes main points link, i.e.,：（1）The pressure salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is carried out to table top, soil salt content is greatly lowered；（2）Science collocation pasture and water kind, reasonable arrangement cultivated area；（3）Because ground is because of careless suiting measures to different conditions, suitable planting patterns is taken；（4）Skilful pipe water；（5）Balance fertilizing.The invention is characterized in that a series of comprehensive technical measures, pasture and water are planted in solonchak pond, are once succeeded, solid material base and excellent ecological environment are provided to produce big specification steamed crab, the specification ratio of HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab increases by more than 2 times without pasture and water person.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to marine solonchak aquaculture field, and in particular to the HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab cultivation based on marine solonchak
The method that pasture and water are cultivated in pond.
Background technology
Steamed crab scientific name Eriocheir sinensis, is commonly called as river crab, eriocheir sinensis, crab etc., is the most fresh water of yield in China's crab class
Crab, its edible part contains abundant protein, fat, vitamin and mineral, with high nutrition, health care and medicinal valency
Value.Steamed crab adaptability is very strong, and in China, distribution is very wide, and north has it from the Yalu River, the south to the Lezhou Peninsula in Guangdong in Liaoning
Figure, or even can also find its footprint away from Hubei Shashi of more than 1000 kilometers of ocean.Certainly change its course by Shandong Province the Yellow River
The Dongying City of northeast is flowed into after the Bohai Sea, and Delta Region of The Yellow River begins to a large amount of distributions of steamed crab, and name says " HUANGHE ESTUARY
Steamed crab ".
Dongying City is in 07 ' -119 ° 10 ' of east longitude 118 °, 55 ' -38 ° 10 ' of north latitude 36 °, and the whole city has bone in addition to the Yellow River
Dry 30, draining river course, all communicates with the Bohai Sea, there is the NATURAL DISTRIBUTION of HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab.It is annual March in December to next year, yellow
The degree of saltiness aqua region mate and oviposit that river mouth steamed crab crosses in fresh water from river mouth and seawater；With growing for the young, inverse river and
On, into the growth of inland freshwater.There is 2,300,000 mu of mud wetland Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve, and water quality is excellent in area, nothing
Pollution, is the Major Natural habitat of HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab containing a large amount of nutritive salt, is also HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab artificial breeding parent
The source place of crab.HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab carapace is light greenish blue or isabelline, and belly is white, has dense sepia suede into the crab foot of a chela
Hair, step bristle is golden yellow；Under the unique environments crossed in Haihe River, make HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab delicious meat, nutritious, cream is full
Yellow fertilizer.HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab is undoubtedly the distinctive rare aquatic products kind of Yellow River System.According to another the domestic research about fisheries expert,
Docosapentaenoic acid (mainly EPA's and DHA) contains in the Changjiang river, the Yellow River, the wild steamed crab population hepatopancrease of the big water system in the Liaohe River three and muscle
Measure difference clearly, so that DHA accounts for the percentage of total fatty acids in female crab hepatopancrease as an example, Yellow River System is ChangJiang River respectively
2.4 times, 6.3 times of Liaohe River water system, embody Yellow River System steamed crab protrusion nutritional advantages.
Dongying City is located at warm temperate zone Semi-humid area, belongs to continental monsoon climate, in rain heat same season, makes a clear distinction between the four seasons.Spring gas
Temperature is gone up quickly, and 3-5 months, 3 monthly mean temperatures increase to 18.9 DEG C by 3.2 DEG C.Summer, temperature luffing is little within 3 months, June,
July, 3 monthly mean temperatures of August are respectively 22.1 DEG C, 24.9 DEG C and 25.9 DEG C.September is to November, and temperature on average is from 20.8 DEG C of drops
To 5.3 DEG C.Many 12.5 DEG C of average temperatures of the whole year, frost-free period is up to about 4300 DEG C of the accumulated temperature of 206 days, >=10 DEG C.Luminous energy resource is rich
Richness, average annual sunshine time 2692.5h, 123.6-127.6 kilocalories/cm of sun annual radiant all quality2.Annual precipitation 550-600mm is more
Summer is concentrated on, 7-8 monthly total precipitations account for the half of annual precipitation.
The water source of Dongying City is mainly Huanghe water, and the Dongying section ㎞ of total length 138 in the Yellow River enters the extra large average annual m of run-off 35,800,000,0003。
The Yellow River is aboveground river, pollution-free, and water quality is excellent；PH value 8.0-8.3, belongs to alkalescent water；Total hardness 2.16-5.56, belongs to weak hard
Water；Salinity is 0.2-0.6g/L.The average annual m of water diversion 1,000,000,0003Left and right.Huanghe water is introduced in Wall in Plain Reservoir by drawing yellow trunk canal,
Carry again into specifically using water place, and using rainwater as make-up water source.
Dongying City possesses soil face always 11,880,000 mu of product, wherein 1,860,000 mu of saline-alkali wasteland area, accounts for the whole city soil gross area
15.7%, account for the 56.8% of whole city total cultivated area.Enter sea because the Yellow River carries a large amount of silts, salt is turned into by Seawater immersion
Stain silt soil, constantly deposition, accumulate over a long period regression Cheng Lu, salinity is assembled earth's surface through evaporation.Meanwhile, tidewater invasion charging point
Lower water, participates in salt accumulation in soil process, forms typical beach saline land.
For effectively using local sufficient sunlight-heat reaources and abundant Yellow River Water Resources, Dongying City aims at large area salt alkaline wasteland
Ground, greatly develops freshwater aquiculture.1992, Dongying City carried out the nursery of HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab and culture experiment succeeds, and starts
The beginning of Delta Region of The Yellow River steamed crab cultivation.HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab is the distinctive famous-brand and high-quality aquatic products in Delta Region of The Yellow River
Product, by cultivation and campaign activities for years, brand recognition and the market competitiveness are constantly lifted.The big lock of HUANGHE ESTUARY
Crab successively wins China's Agricultural geographical sign, ranks among " the big fishery brand in Shandong Province ten ", continues to hold a post or title " Chinese ten big crabs "；Sale
Market is also extended to multiple provinces and cities such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guizhou, Hebei, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, product in 2016 from Shandong
List price value has reached 16.30 hundred million yuan.In recent years, Shandong Province has blowed the assembly number for strengthening brand building, causes what the whole nation was paid close attention to
It is：There are 27 specific famous brands to write into what on 2 6th, 2017 Shandong Province governor Guo Shu were made clearly《The government work report》,
And far-famed HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab brand is exactly one of them.Dongying City has developed into the maximum big lock in the Huanghe valley
Crab production base, HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab turns into the Variety comprehensive and brand of Dongying City culture fishery, as promotion Dongying fishery
Synergy and the pillar industry of fisherman's increased income.
But, Dongying City is in HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab pond culture evolution, and specification is less than normal to annoying industry always
Grow.Relative to small dimension crab, big specification crab not only sells unobstructed, and price also has comparative advantage.Want to improve HUANGHE ESTUARY
The culture benefit of steamed crab, it is necessary to realize by " big crab farming " to the transformation of " bringing crab up ".
Learnt by serious analysis, the reason for causing HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab pond culture specification less than normal be it is many, its
In a most important reason be exactly not planted pasture and water.There is a common saying say must well：" crab size, see pasture and water ".
A number of pasture and water are planted in cultivating pool, have important meaning for the growth and activity of HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab
Justice.First, pasture and water are nutritious, it is the high-quality natural bait of HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab eating.Second, pasture and water purify water.Pasture and water
The nutriment in a fertilizer in water is absorbed, is purified water, keeps water body pure and fresh, enhances the transparency；Pasture and water discharge oxygen by photosynthesis,
Increase oxygen in water, good condition of water quality is provided for the growth of HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab.Third, pasture and water adjust pond water temperature.
In torridity summer, pasture and water can sunshading and temperature reducing, provide a suitable growing environment for the growth of HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab, and control
Its sex premature, extends its growth period.Fourth, pasture and water are conducive to seeking connections with and hiding for HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab.HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab is sloughed off
It can be sought connections with during shell and body is fixed on pasture and water, shorten the shell time, reduced physical demands, can hide again under pasture and water and reduce natural enemy
Infringement.Fifth, pasture and water are conducive to HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab to reduce disease, edible quality is improved.
In view of importance of the pasture and water to HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab, Dongying City was once introduced multiple pasture and water kinds from Jiangsu and planted
Experiment is planted, but because cultivating pool soil belongs to marine solonchak, pond especially newly developed, salt content is higher, and pasture and water are because by salt
Evil is not survived.
The content of the invention
To solve pasture and water plantation problem, the present invention provides a kind of HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab cultivating pool based on marine solonchak and planted
The method for training pasture and water, planting pasture and water in the pond of marine solonchak using this method can once survive and well-grown.
Technical scheme includes following key technique：
(1) the pressure salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is carried out to table top, soil salt content is greatly lowered
1. the gutter bottom position outside the culvert system of Erecting and improving, pond will than the extreme lower position of pond table top
At least reduce 1.5m；
2. table top is flattened, difference of height is no more than 5 ㎝；
3. after soil thaws, start that pond table top is carried out with fresh water to press the salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching in late Febuary to early March, to weigh
It is multiple to carry out at least 3 times；
4. 10 more than ㎝ water layers are kept every time at least 5 days, it is desirable to flood all upturned soils；
5. night drain when time old water after, the next morning the new water followed by injection next time, it is desirable to daytime not open country skin；
6. the end product of the pressure salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is so that it is qualified that the ㎝ salt content of upper soll layer 10, which is reduced to less than 0.15%,.
(2) science collocation pasture and water kind, reasonable arrangement cultivated area
1. pasture and water growth belt is parallel with bait throwing in passage, be alternately arranged, and the ratio between width of the two is 2:1；
2. each growth belt selects hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, Zannichelliaceae and watermifoil as cultivar, and with identical
Alternating cropping pattern；
3. the cultivated area ratio of each kind is inside each growth belt：Hydrilla verticillata accounts for 40%, and eel grass accounts for 30%, silique
Algae accounts for 20%, and watermifoil accounts for 10%；
4. pasture and water the middle and late growth stage reaches 60%-70% in the coverage rate of whole table top.
(3) because ground is because of careless suiting measures to different conditions, suitable planting patterns is taken
1. the salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of table top pressure renews water plantation pasture and water after terminating；
2. hydrilla verticillata is used and planted with root rice shoot according to certain line-spacing and hill spacing；
3. eel grass uses band mud seed broadcasting；
4. Zannichelliaceae uses stem section according to certain line-spacing and hill spacing cuttage with watermifoil.
(4) skilful pipe water
1. pasture and water growth early stage according to plantation situation keep water layer 10-40 ㎝, later with pasture and water height increase progressively
Deepen water layer, water level is exceeded the ㎝ of natural plant height 10 all the time；
2. strengthen water salinity detection, when salinity is higher, takes change water measure in time, salinity is controlled all the time 3 ‰
Below.
(5) balance fertilizing
1. N P and K NPK is used；
2. the different times grown in pasture and water are imposed by several times, at least 10 days front and rear interval twice；
3. every mu of water surface is no more than 5 ㎏ every time.
Above-mentioned technical proposal can be further optimized for：
Link (1) is described to carry out the pressure salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching at least 4 times, 10 more than ㎝ water layers is kept every time at least 7 days, makes upper soll layer
10 ㎝ salt content are reduced to less than 0.1%.
Link (2) the pasture and water plantation bandwidth is 10m, and bait throwing in channel width is 5m.
Link (2) the pasture and water growth belt 10m width is assigned as：Zannichelliaceae accounts for 2m, is distributed in the both sides outermost of growth belt
Each 1m in side；Watermifoil accounts for 1m, is distributed in the center of growth belt；, eel grass accounts for 3m, in being distributed between watermifoil and Zannichelliaceae
At the heart, both sides respectively account for 1.5m；Hydrilla verticillata accounts for 4m, is distributed in 4 pore belts formed between the above-mentioned adjacent pasture and water of growth belt, respectively
Account for 1m.
Hydrilla verticillata band root rice shoot described in link (3) is highly 20-30 ㎝, and line-spacing is 30-40 ㎝, and hill spacing is 10-20
㎝, it is 5-10 plants that cave, which plants seedling number,；Dry kind of 250-500g of every mu of use of eel grass, mixes soil when being first soaked in water to close sprout and spreads fertilizer over the fields；
Zannichelliaceae is cut into 20-30 ㎝ stem section, and watermifoil intercepts 10-12 ㎝ stem section, and line-spacing is 30-40 ㎝, and hill spacing is 10-20
㎝。
Hydrilla verticillata band root rice shoot described in link (3) is cultivated using the method for Plant Tissue Breeding.
The proliferated culture medium of link (3) the hydrilla verticillata tissue cultures is the KT that MS basal mediums add 1.5mg/L
With 0.5mg/L NAA.
The root media of link (3) the hydrilla verticillata tissue cultures is that MS basal mediums add 0.5mg/L's
KT, 0.5mg/L IBA.
Link (4) described water salinity is controlled below 2 ‰ all the time.
NPK described in link (5), its nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium effective content are 15%, and every mu imposes 2-3 ㎏ every time,
Uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields.
The invention is characterized in that a series of comprehensive technical measures, cultivate rich pasture and water in solonchak pond, for production
Big specification steamed crab provides solid material base and excellent ecological environment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is each kind arrangement schematic diagram in pasture and water growth belt of the present invention；
In figure：1- hydrilla verticillatas, 2- eel grass, 3- Zannichelliaceaes, 4- watermifoils.
Embodiment
Technical scheme and principle are described in detail below.
The method that HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab cultivating pool based on marine solonchak cultivates pasture and water, including following key technology ring
Section：
1. pair table top carries out the pressure salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, soil salt content is greatly lowered
(1) extreme lower position of the gutter bottom position than pond table top outside the culvert system of Erecting and improving, pond
At least to reduce 1.5m.Only gutter is deep enough, could preferably leaching.
(2) table top is flattened, difference of height is no more than 5 ㎝.Table top is smooth, not only improves using water wisely, is also later water
Grass is consistent there is provided convenient with water layer.
(3) after soil thaws, start that pond table top is carried out with fresh water to press the salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching in late Febuary to early March, it is desirable to
Flood all upturned soils.Typically to repeat at least 3-4 times, 10 more than ㎝ water layers be kept every time at least 5-7 days, make soil salt
Divide as much as possible be dissolved in the water and be pulled away.
(4) to prevent the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, should be drained in night when time old water after, the next morning followed by the next new water of injection,
It is required that not open country skin on daytime.
(5) end product of the pressure salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is so that it is qualified that the ㎝ salt content of upper soll layer 10, which is reduced to less than 0.15%,；Drop
It is low to less than 0.1%, it is ideal.
Marine solonchak belongs to chloride solonchak, and sodium chloride accounts for the 80% of soil soluble salt.Marine solonchak salt content is general
All over more than 0.6%, salt content reaches that more than 2.0% soil is also of common occurrence.Pasture and water are directly planted on such solonchak, no
Only can because soil salt content is too high and caused by physiological drought, and also suffer from the mono-salt toxic action of sodium chloride, will certainly die undoubtedly.
Want plantation pasture and water once to survive, just must try to reduce soil salt content, the degree for making it not reach harm pasture and water.Using assorted
Method is most viableFor water source, Huanghe water belongs to fresh water, and diversion is convenient, and water is sufficient；For pond, water conservancy
Very well equipped, irrigation and drainage are smooth；For soil, sodium chloride is gathered in the superiors the distribution of soil profile more, and sodium chloride
Solubility does not vary with temperature and occurs significant changes, rinses and easily carries out and be not subject to seasonal restrictions.Therefore, it is practicable to do
Method is：On the basis of leveling table top, fresh water is injected, water layer is kept, the soluble-salt of dissolving is on the one hand pressed with vertical infiltration
To top layer, it can ooze, on the other hand be washed away in outside draining with water to the gutter direction side of outside.This is as proverb
Said：Salt comes with water, and salt is gone with water.
In practice, good pressure salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect is also achieved really.Referring to table 1, in pond, the ㎝ soil of table top 10 is original
In the case that salt content is 0.68%, by 3 pressure salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, salt content drops to 0.14%, and salt rejection rate reaches 79.4%；Pass through
4 pressure salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, salt content drops to 0.06%, and salt rejection rate reaches 91.2%.
Press salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect table in the pond of table 1
Pasture and water kind, reasonable arrangement cultivated area 2. science is arranged in pairs or groups
(1) pasture and water growth belt is parallel with bait throwing in passage, be alternately arranged, and the ratio between width of the two is 2:1.It is such to arrange,
Plantation, bait throwing in are not interfere with each other, and are easy to operation.
(2) each growth belt selects hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, Zannichelliaceae and watermifoil as cultivar, and with phase
Same alternating cropping pattern.
(3) the cultivated area ratio of each kind is inside each growth belt：Hydrilla verticillata accounts for 40%, and eel grass accounts for 30%, angle
Fruit algae accounts for 20%, and watermifoil accounts for 10%.
(4) preferred layout is that plantation bandwidth is 10m, and bait throwing in channel width is 5m.Referring to Fig. 1, pasture and water growth belt 10m
Width is assigned as：Zannichelliaceae accounts for 2m, is distributed in each 1m of both sides outermost of growth belt；Watermifoil accounts for 1m, is distributed in growth belt
Center；, eel grass accounts for 3m, is distributed in the center between watermifoil and Zannichelliaceae, and both sides respectively account for 1.5m；Hydrilla verticillata accounts for 4m,
4 pore belts formed between the above-mentioned adjacent pasture and water of growth belt are distributed in, 1m is respectively accounted for.
(5) pasture and water the middle and late growth stage reaches 60%-70% in the coverage rate of whole table top.
The brief description once characteristic of various pasture and water and the reasons why collocation：
Hydrilla verticillata is commonly called as ciliate desert-grass, WEMSI grass, common vetch of walking around, Chinese lantern, successively high, is that the perennial heavy water of unifacial leaf is planted
Thing, stem is upright, and leaf banding lanceolar, 4-8 pieces are verticillate, and leaf margin has small sawtooth, leaf stockless.Hydrilla verticillata is gonochorism, grey
Color, fruit is in triangle rod.Autumn Mo starts asexual reproduction, (is commonly called as in the pointed organ squamous luxuriant of nourishing and generating into specialization of branch
" day fruit ").Hydrilla verticillata has four significant advantages：First, palatability is good, is the pasture and water kind of steamed crab most eating；The
Two, heat-resisting quantity is protruded, and more than 10 DEG C start growth, as temperature is raised, and the speed of growth is accelerated；Normal life is remained at 35 DEG C
It is long, it can also be kept at nearly 40 DEG C dark green；3rd, spatter property is excellent, without putrefaction, and crab water matter is not polluted；4th, reproducibility is strong,
It is not easily broken, can be also taken root successively even if by crab pinch off, vitality is extremely strong is survived.
Eel grass is commonly called as shoulder pole grass, noodles grass, quillwort dish etc., for heavy pasture and water sheet；Has stolon；Phyllopodium gives birth to, linear or with shape,
Without petiole；Flower unisexuality；Dioecism；Fruit cylinder；Seed falls long avette.Eel grass is the water that HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab compares eating
Grass product kind, growth is very fast, also compared with high temperature resistant, but is easily gone to pot by crab pinch off.
Zannichelliaceae is perennial heavy pasture and water sheet, is the pasture and water kind of the local growth naturally of Dongying, and salt tolerance is strong, both low temperature resistant
High temperature resistant, and be the pasture and water kind that HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab compares eating again.Zannichelliaceae bottom often crawls to give birth in mud, stem branch compared with
It is many.Leaf alternate is linear to closely to life, stockless, long 2-10 centimetres, and wide 0.3-0.5 millimeters, full edge, tip is tapering, base portion have from
The ocrea of raw or adhesion, film quality, acrotism.
Watermifoil is the perennial sturdy submerged plant of Haloragaceae, and root-like stock is flourishing, is spread in water-bed mud, the life of section portion
Root.Stem cylinder, multi-branched.Leaf alternate, lanceolar is strongr, and emerald green, sliver is wider.Although watermifoil is not steamed crab
Preferred kind of ingesting, but it is the pasture and water kind of the local growth naturally of Dongying, and Saline alkali tolerance is strong, not only low temperature resistant but also high temperature resistant,
Biomass accumulation is very fast, and purifying water effect is splendid, can efficiently remove Organic substance in water, ammonia nitrogen etc., there is U.S. of denitrogenation " spirit "
Reputation.
For these reasons, the product for making to supplement based on hydrilla verticillata, supplemented by eel grass and Zannichelliaceae, with watermifoil are taken
Plant combination.
Specific arrangement thinking on each pasture and water kind in growth belt is：Zannichelliaceae is low temperature resistant, first plants and first eats, is arranged in two
Side is appropriate；Hydrilla verticillata has complementarity with eel grass, and when megathermal period eel grass is impaired, hydrilla verticillata there has been suitable growth
Amount, does not worry what steamed crab was not eaten, it is appropriate that the two is spaced；Watermifoil measures very little as " reserves ", is arranged in
It is most middle, it is allowed to develop to both sides.
3. because ground is because of careless suiting measures to different conditions, take suitable planting patterns
(1) the salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of table top pressure renews water plantation pasture and water after terminating.
(2) hydrilla verticillata uses height for 20-30 ㎝ band root rice shoot, and line-spacing is 30-40 ㎝, and hill spacing is 10-20 ㎝,
It is 5-10 plants that cave, which plants seedling number,.
(3) dry kind of 250-500g of every mu of use of eel grass, be first soaked in water seed, mixes soil when its close sprouting and broadcasts sowing.
(4) Zannichelliaceae is cut into 20-30 ㎝ stem section, and watermifoil intercepts 10-12 ㎝ stem section, and line-spacing is 30-40 ㎝,
Hill spacing is 10-20 ㎝.
As a kind of preferred embodiment, hydrilla verticillata kind some excellent strains for having outstanding performance are trained using plant tissue
Foster method is cultivated, with Speedup of reproduction and breeding process, and is applied to production.First, choose fresh stem section and be inoculated into induction
Adventitious bud is turned out on culture medium (MS basal mediums add 0.5mg/L KT)；Then, adventitious bud is seeded in Multiplying culture
Multiplying culture is carried out on base (MS basal mediums add 1.5mg/L KT and 0.5mg/L NAA), it is substantial amounts of indefinite to produce
Bud；The adventitious bud that propagation is obtained again is seeded in root media, and (MS basal mediums add 0.5mg/L KT and 0.5mg/L
IBA) on carry out culture of rootage；Finally, rooted seedling is subjected to hardening, it is gradually adapted to external elements, to improve pond
Pool transplanting survival rate.
MS culture mediums ensure that basic nutrition needed for tissue growth.KT is the abbreviation of kinetin, a kind of non-natural thin
Born of the same parents' mitogen, chemical name is 6- glycosyl adenine phosphates.NAA is the abbreviation of methyl α-naphthyl acetate, and IBA is the abbreviation of indolebutyric acid, the two
Belong to auxins.By testing repeatedly, the optimum formula of above-mentioned culture medium is worked out, to ensure fast numerous quantity and matter
Amount.
4. skilful pipe water
(1) pasture and water growth early stage keeps shoaling layer 10-40 ㎝ according to plantation situation, favorably to improve water temperature, accelerates pasture and water
The speed of growth, later as water layer is progressively deepened in the increase of pasture and water height, makes water level exceed the ㎝ of natural plant height 10 all the time.
(2) strengthen water salinity detection, when salinity is higher, takes change water measure in time, salinity is controlled all the time 3 ‰
Hereinafter, it is ideal below 2 ‰ to control, to ensure that pasture and water grow up strong and sturdy in the case where being not subjected to salt stress.Regain consciousness
Recognize on ground：The pressure salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching before pasture and water plantation is not once and for all；Evaporation and soil lower floor salinity with pond moisture
Gradually dissolving, add the salinity after raining on pond dykes and dams and enter with rainwash in pond, water salinity is on the rise
's；Frequent detection cell salinity water is wanted, to take corresponding measure in time.
5. balance fertilizing
(1) N P and K NPK is used, preferably nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium effective content is 15%.
(2) different times grown in pasture and water are imposed by several times, at least 10 days front and rear interval twice；
(3) every mu of water surface is no more than 5 ㎏, preferably 2-3 ㎏ every time, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields.
Why N P and K NPK is usedReferring to table 2, table 3, the soil fertility standard of the table of comparisons two, in table three
The nutrient content of shown beach saline land cultivating pool soil is totally relatively low, and N P and K three elements show shortage, especially
It is that scarce phosphorus is serious.Using the N P and K NPK of high content, the nutrient requirement of pasture and water growth on the one hand can be met, it is another
Aspect is low due to impurity content, then coordinates the fertilization principle of " Shaoshi duty is applied ", can avoid to greatest extent obvious because of fertilising
The phenomenon for increasing water salinity occurs.
The soil fertility canonical reference table of table 2
The pond soil nutrient status table of table 3
By taking above-mentioned practicable comprehensive technical measure, pond pasture and water are come along fine, to improve the big lock of HUANGHE ESTUARY
The yield per unit area and specification of crab create good condition.
The influence that the pond pasture and water of table 4 grow to HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab
Referring to table 4, the rich pond HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab average survival of pasture and water reaches 87%, is the pond without pasture and water
1.5 times；Per mu yield reaches 105 ㎏, is 3.8 times of the pond without pasture and water；Average size reaches every 158g, is not have
There are 3.1 times of the pond of pasture and water.In a word, extremely excellent effect is achieved in the pond rearing pasture and water of marine solonchak.
Claims (10)
1. the method that HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab cultivating pool table top based on marine solonchak cultivates pasture and water, it is characterised in that including with
Lower key technique：
(1) the pressure salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is carried out to table top, soil salt content is greatly lowered
1. the gutter bottom position outside the culvert system of Erecting and improving, pond will be at least than the extreme lower position of pond table top
Reduce 1.5m；
2. table top is flattened, difference of height is no more than 5 ㎝；
3. after soil thaws, start in late Febuary to early March with fresh water to pond table top carry out press the salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, to repeat into
Row at least 3 times；
4. 10 more than ㎝ water layers are kept every time at least 5 days, it is desirable to flood all upturned soils；
5. night drain when time the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching water after, the next morning the new water followed by injection next time, it is desirable to daytime not open country skin；
6. the end product of the pressure salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is so that it is qualified that the ㎝ salt content of upper soll layer 10, which is reduced to less than 0.15%,；
(2) science collocation pasture and water kind, reasonable arrangement cultivated area
1. pasture and water growth belt is parallel with bait throwing in passage, be alternately arranged, and the ratio between width of the two is 2:1；
2. each growth belt is handed over from hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, Zannichelliaceae and watermifoil as cultivar, and with identical
For cropping pattern；
3. the cultivated area ratio of each kind is inside each growth belt：Hydrilla verticillata accounts for 40%, and eel grass accounts for 30%, and Zannichelliaceae is accounted for
20%, watermifoil accounts for 10%；
4. to the cultivation middle and later periods, the coverage rate of whole table top pasture and water will reach 60%-70%；
(3) because ground is because of careless suiting measures to different conditions, suitable planting patterns is taken
1. after the salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of table top pressure terminates, water plantation pasture and water are more renewed；
2. hydrilla verticillata is used and planted with root rice shoot according to certain line-spacing and hill spacing；
3. eel grass uses band mud seed broadcasting；
4. Zannichelliaceae uses stem section according to certain line-spacing and hill spacing cuttage with watermifoil；
(4) skilful pipe water
1. pasture and water growth early stage keeps water layer 10-40 ㎝ according to plantation situation, progressively deepens with the increase of pasture and water height later
Water layer, makes water level exceed the ㎝ of natural plant height 10 all the time；
2. pond Water salinity is detected on time, when salinity is higher, takes change water measure in time, salinity is controlled all the time 3 ‰
Below；
(5) balance fertilizing
1. N P and K NPK is used；
2. the different times grown in pasture and water are imposed by several times, at least 10 days front and rear interval twice；
3. every mu of water surface is no more than 5 ㎏ every time.
2. the HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab cultivating pool table top according to claim 1 based on marine solonchak cultivates the side of pasture and water
Method, it is characterised in that link (1) is described to carry out the pressure salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching at least 4 times, 10 more than ㎝ water layers is kept every time at least 7 days, makes soil
The ㎝ salt content of earth top layer 10 is reduced to less than 0.1%.
3. the HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab cultivating pool table top according to claim 1 based on marine solonchak cultivates the side of pasture and water
Method, it is characterised in that link (2) the pasture and water plantation bandwidth is 10m, and bait throwing in channel width is 5m.
4. the HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab cultivating pool table top according to claim 3 based on marine solonchak cultivates the side of pasture and water
Method, it is characterised in that link (2) the pasture and water growth belt 10m width is assigned as：Zannichelliaceae accounts for 2m, is distributed in the two of growth belt
Each 1m of side outermost；Watermifoil accounts for 1m, is distributed in the center of growth belt；, eel grass accounts for 3m, be distributed in watermifoil and Zannichelliaceae it
Between center, both sides respectively account for 1.5m；Hydrilla verticillata accounts for 4m, is distributed in 4 skies formed between the above-mentioned adjacent pasture and water of growth belt
Gap band, respectively accounts for 1m.
5. the HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab cultivating pool table top according to claim 4 based on marine solonchak cultivates the side of pasture and water
Method, it is characterised in that the hydrilla verticillata band root rice shoot described in link (3) is highly 20-30 ㎝, and line-spacing is 30-40 ㎝, and hill spacing is
10-20 ㎝, it is 5-10 plants that cave, which plants seedling number,；Dry kind of 250-500g of every mu of use of eel grass, soil is mixed when being first soaked in water to close sprout
Spread fertilizer over the fields；Zannichelliaceae is cut into 20-30 ㎝ stem section, and watermifoil intercepts 10-12 ㎝ stem section, and line-spacing is 30-40 ㎝, and hill spacing is
10-20㎝。
6. the HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab cultivating pool table top according to claim 1 based on marine solonchak cultivates the side of pasture and water
Method, it is characterised in that the hydrilla verticillata band root rice shoot described in link (3) is cultivated using the method for Plant Tissue Breeding
's.
7. the HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab cultivating pool table top according to claim 1 based on marine solonchak cultivates the side of pasture and water
Method, it is characterised in that the proliferated culture medium of link (3) the hydrilla verticillata tissue cultures is that MS basal mediums add 1.5mg/
L KT and 0.5mg/L NAA.
8. the HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab cultivating pool table top according to claim 1 based on marine solonchak cultivates the side of pasture and water
Method, it is characterised in that the root media of link (3) the hydrilla verticillata tissue cultures is that MS basal mediums add 0.5mg/
L KT, 0.5mg/L IBA.
9. the HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab cultivating pool table top according to claim 1 based on marine solonchak cultivates the side of pasture and water
Method, it is characterised in that link (4) described water salinity is controlled below 2 ‰ all the time.
10. the HUANGHE ESTUARY steamed crab cultivating pool table top according to claim 1 based on marine solonchak cultivates the side of pasture and water
Method, it is characterised in that the NPK described in link (5), its nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium effective content are 15%, and every mu imposes every time
2-3 ㎏, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields.
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| CN111406583A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2020-07-14 | 许惠忠 | Aquatic plant cultivation method for shrimp and crab cultivation |
| CN111406681A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2020-07-14 | 许惠忠 | Early-stage management method for putting shrimp and crab seeds |
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