CN107223509B - Construction method for soil in-situ improvement and restoration by arbor tree ball isolated island method - Google Patents

Construction method for soil in-situ improvement and restoration by arbor tree ball isolated island method Download PDF

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CN107223509B
CN107223509B CN201710404280.6A CN201710404280A CN107223509B CN 107223509 B CN107223509 B CN 107223509B CN 201710404280 A CN201710404280 A CN 201710404280A CN 107223509 B CN107223509 B CN 107223509B
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soil
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arbor
tree
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CN107223509A (en
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刘洪峰
叶子易
张华�
王磊
代琦
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Shanghai Garden Engineering Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil

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  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
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  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a construction method for in-situ improvement and restoration of arbor ball island method soil, which comprises the following steps: step 1, shaping and trimming trees, step 2, bracing and reinforcing the trees, step 3, reserving a tree ball island, step 4, excavating an improvement hole, step 5, arranging an annular drainage ditch, step 6, arranging a breathable observation pipe, step 7, improving soil formula, step 8, and backfilling improved soil. And (4) turning the soil piled in the improved holes excavated in the step (4) loose, airing, removing impurities, crushing, adding an improvement medium in proportion, and uniformly turning and stirring to obtain the improved soil. And step 7, backfilling the improved soil obtained in the step 7 into the excavated improved hole, and tamping the backfilled improved soil layer by layer. The method improves and repairs the arbor soil through the in-situ soil improvement operation, saves the procedures of balling, binding, hoisting, transporting, heeling and the like related to tree transplantation, reduces the influence of improvement construction on the original arbor, and improves the survival rate of the improved arbor.

Description

Construction method for soil in-situ improvement and restoration by arbor tree ball isolated island method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of garden soil improvement, and particularly relates to a construction method for in-situ soil improvement and restoration by a arbor ball island method.
Background
The soil is used as the foundation of plant growth, and various physical and chemical properties of the soil are directly related to the healthy growth of plants and the formation of plant community landscape effects. With the influence of green space opening and human activities, more and more green spaces have the conditions of soil compaction, hardening, insufficient fertility, even soil pollution and the like, and the growth of green space plants and the green space landscape effect are seriously influenced. The soil improvement can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and improve the soil fertility, creates a good growth environment for garden plants, and has important significance. In the traditional soil improvement construction, the arbors in the improvement construction area need to be transplanted and temporarily planted, and the field planting needs to be recovered after the underground soil is improved and repaired. Because a series of operations such as transplantation, temporary planting and the like can cause great damage to root systems, branches and leaves and the like of arbor plants, fine maintenance is needed after transplantation, and the problems of slow plant recovery, complex maintenance and management and the like after field planting are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a construction method for in-situ soil improvement and restoration of an arbor by a ball island method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a construction method for in-situ soil improvement and restoration by a arbor tree ball island method comprises the following steps:
step 1, arbor shaping and pruning: before improvement operation is carried out, pruning and shaping are carried out on trees, dead branches, insect branches, dense branches, overgrown branches and bud buds are removed, and the pruning amount of the whole crown leaves is 1/3-1/4 of the whole crown;
step 2, bracing and reinforcing the arbor: for the arbor after the shaping and pruning, a steel wire is adopted to pull and support the tree body for reinforcement, the position of the tying height on the steel wire is positioned at 2/3 of the height of the tree body, a pull rope is fixed in the upwind direction of the arbor, one pull rope must be fixed in the upwind direction, and the rest pull ropes are uniformly distributed;
step 3, reserving a tree ball island: determining the reserved size of the tree ball island according to the size of the specification of the tree, taking 10-15 times of the breast diameter of the tree as the reserved size of the tree ball island, wherein the reserved size of the tree ball island is not more than the marginal line of the projection of the crown to the maximum extent, and when encountering tree varieties with vigorous root system transverse development or rare and famous tree species, the reserved size of the tree ball island can be enlarged to 15 times of the breast diameter of the tree and is not more than the marginal line of the projection of the crown to the maximum extent;
step 4, excavating improvement holes: excavating peripheral soil outside the tree ball island and stacking areas in a concentrated mode, wherein the excavating width of the improvement holes is 35-45cm, and the excavating depth of the improvement holes is 80-120 cm; if the root system of the tree with the diameter of more than 5cm is encountered in the excavation process, the preservation and protection are carried out;
step 5, setting an annular drainage ditch: the method comprises the following steps that a non-woven fabric layer is arranged at the bottom of an excavated improved hole, a crushed stone layer is arranged on the non-woven fabric layer, the crushed stone layer is wrapped by the non-woven fabric layer to form an annular drainage ditch, the width of the annular drainage ditch is the same as that of the improved hole, the depth of the annular drainage ditch is not less than 10cm, and the annular drainage ditch is connected with an external drainage blind pipe; when the annular drainage ditch is laid, the broken stones are uniformly spread, the non-woven fabrics are tightly lapped and do not leak, and the non-woven fabrics are smoothly connected with an external drainage blind pipe;
step 6, arranging a breathable observation tube: at least two breathable observation pipes are symmetrically arranged in the improved hole, the bottom ends of the breathable observation pipes are inserted into the drainage layer, and the top ends of the breathable observation pipes are exposed out of the backfill soil;
step 7, soil formula improvement: the soil excavated and stacked in the improvement holes in the step 4 is turned loose, aired, decontaminated and crushed, then the improvement medium is added according to the volume ratio of 5:3 or 5:4 of the original soil to the improvement medium and is turned and stirred evenly to obtain the improved soil,
step 8, improving soil and backfilling: and 7, backfilling the improved soil obtained in the step 7 into the excavated improved hole, and tamping the backfilled improved soil layer by layer, wherein the backfilled improved soil cannot be filled in a deficiency manner.
The particle size of the crushed stone layer in the step 5 is 2-6 cm.
The breathable observation tube in the step 6 is a PVC tube with the inner diameter of 10-15cm, the wall of the breathable observation tube is perforated, and the outer wall of the breathable observation tube is wrapped with 200g/m2The top end of each breathable observation tube is exposed out of 8-12cm of backfill, two breathable observation tubes are placed on each common arbor, the number of extra-large arbors or special tree species can be increased according to actual conditions, the non-woven fabric on the outer wall of each breathable observation tube needs to be wrapped tightly, and the bottom end of each breathable observation tube is inserted into the gravel drainage layer.
And 7, checking whether stones with the diameter of more than 10cm exist in the soil loosening process in the step 7, airing and crushing the soil until the diameter is less than or equal to 5cm, fully loosening the improved soil, removing the stones with the diameter of more than 10cm, airing and crushing until the particles of the stones are less than 5cm, and fully and uniformly mixing with an improved medium.
The improved medium in the step 7 is prepared from an organic matrix, an organic fertilizer, coarse sand and desulfurized gypsum, and the proportion of the improved medium is as follows: 5-6 parts of organic matrix, 3-4 parts of coarse sand, 1 part of organic fertilizer and 0.01 part of desulfurized gypsum. The improvement medium is prepared according to a soil improvement formula, and the soil improvement formula can be specifically adjusted and determined according to the original soil quality, arbor types and the like.
The method is suitable for soil in-situ improvement and restoration treatment of large and medium trees or rare and rare tree species with the breast diameter of more than 10cm in soil improvement construction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the invention improves the soil of peripheral improvement holes by reserving the ball island of the tree, and in combination with the mode of the annular drainage layer and the ventilation observation hole, the in-situ improvement is carried out on the greening arbor, the influence of the improvement operation on the arbor is reduced as much as possible on the basis of ensuring the improvement quality, and the survival rate of the arbor and the landscape recovery speed are greatly improved; by means of reserving the tree ball island, operations such as transplanting and heeling-in of trees are avoided, capillary roots at the bottom of the tree ball and in the tree ball island can be reserved, damage to the root system of the trees is reduced, the trees can be guaranteed to maintain good water absorption capacity, and the survival rate of the trees and the landscape recovery speed are greatly improved; the construction method has simple operation, common materials, wide sources and strong applicability, is particularly suitable for improving the soil of the underground part of the trees which are not resistant to transplantation, is favorable for protecting in-situ trees and quickly recovering garden landscapes after improvement construction, and is convenient for popularization and use; the soil of the peripheral improvement holes of the trees is subjected to impurity removal, scarification and formula improvement, so that the soil environment of the underground parts of the trees is improved, and the growth and landscape effects of the overground parts of the trees are ensured; the method improves and repairs the arbor soil through the in-situ soil improvement operation, saves the procedures of balling, binding, hoisting, transporting, heeling and the like related to tree transplantation, greatly reduces the influence of the improvement construction operation on the original arbor, obviously improves the survival rate of the improved arbor, shortens the time for recovering the in-situ landscape after improvement, not only effectively reduces the improvement construction operation cost, but also reduces the loss cost of the arbor in the improvement construction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the soil in-situ improvement structure of the arbor ball island method.
3 FIG. 32 3 is 3 a 3 view 3 taken 3 along 3 line 3 A 3- 3 A 3 of 3 FIG. 3 1 3 in 3 accordance 3 with 3 the 3 present 3 invention 3. 3
Detailed Description
The construction method for in-situ soil improvement and restoration by the arbor tree ball isolated island method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, arbor shaping and pruning: before improvement operation is carried out, pruning and shaping are carried out on trees, dead branches, insect branches, dense branches, overgrown branches and bud buds are removed, and the pruning amount of 1 integral crown leaf is 1/3-1/4 of the whole crown;
step 2, bracing and reinforcing the arbor: for the arbor after the shaping and pruning, a steel wire 2 is adopted to tension and brace the tree body for reinforcement, the position of the tying height on the steel wire is positioned at 2/3 of the height of the tree body, and a pull rope is fixed on the arbor in the upwind direction;
step 3, reserving a tree ball island: determining the reserved size of a tree ball island 3 according to the size of the specification of the arbor, taking 10-15 times of the breast-height diameter of the arbor as the reserved size of the tree ball island, and enabling the reserved size of the tree ball island not to exceed the marginal line of the crown projection to the maximum extent;
step 4, excavating improvement holes: excavating peripheral soil outside the tree ball island and stacking the concentrated areas, wherein the excavation width of the improvement holes 4 is 35-45cm, and the excavation depth of the improvement holes is 80-120 cm;
step 5, setting an annular drainage ditch: arranging a non-woven fabric layer at the bottom of the excavated improved hole, arranging a crushed stone layer on the non-woven fabric layer, wrapping the crushed stone layer by the non-woven fabric layer to form an annular drainage ditch 5, wherein the width of the annular drainage ditch 5 is the same as that of the improved hole 4, the depth of the annular drainage ditch is not less than 10cm, and the annular drainage ditch is connected with an external drainage blind pipe 6;
step 6, arranging a breathable observation tube: at least two breathable observation pipes 7 are symmetrically arranged in the improved hole, the bottom ends of the breathable observation pipes are inserted into the drainage layer, and the top ends of the breathable observation pipes are exposed out of the backfill soil;
step 7, soil formula improvement: turning up, airing, removing impurities and crushing the soil excavated and stacked in the improvement holes in the step 4, adding an improvement medium according to the volume ratio of the original soil to the improvement medium of 5:3 or 5:4, and uniformly turning and stirring to obtain improved soil;
step 8, improving soil and backfilling: and 7, backfilling the improved soil obtained in the step 7 into the excavated improved hole, and tamping the backfilled improved soil layer by layer.
Preferably, the particle size of the crushed stone layer in step 5 of this example is 2-6 cm.
Preferably, in step 6 of this embodiment, the gas-permeable observation tube is a PVC tube with an inner diameter of 10-15cm, a hole is formed on the wall of the gas-permeable observation tube, and the outer wall of the gas-permeable observation tube is wrapped with 200g/m2The top end of the breathable observation tube is exposed out of 8-12cm of backfill soil.
Preferably, in step 7 of this embodiment, it is checked whether there are stones with a diameter of more than 10cm during the soil loosening process, and the soil is air-cured and crushed to a diameter of less than or equal to 5 cm.
Preferably, the modified medium in step 7 of this embodiment is prepared from an organic matrix, an organic fertilizer, coarse sand, and desulfurized gypsum, and the ratio of the modified medium is as follows: 5-6 parts of organic matrix, 3-4 parts of coarse sand, 1 part of organic fertilizer and 0.01 part of desulfurized gypsum, and the proportion of the suitable improved medium is selected according to different tree species.
In the embodiment, the organic substrate is produced by Nio agricultural science and technology development Limited in Huaian city, and the enterprise standard of the organic substrate is Q/320801BCN 001-2015; the organic fertilizer produced by an organic fertilizer plant built in Shanghai Aster in the embodiment.
The tree body must be braced and reinforced as required before excavation, so that the tree body is prevented from inclining laterally. The underground pipeline is noticed during excavation to prevent mistaken excavation damage, and when soil is excavated, loosened, subjected to impurity removal, crushed and mixed with the improved medium, the raised dust is noticed to be reduced, the soil is required to be stacked nearby and intensively, and broken bricks and stones picked and cleaned from the original soil are noticed to be stacked intensively at a processing point for uniform processing.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with respect to the above embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements based on the disclosure of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and improvements are within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. A construction method for in-situ soil improvement and restoration by a tree ball island method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, arbor shaping and pruning: before improvement operation is carried out, pruning and shaping are carried out on trees, dead branches, insect branches, dense branches, overgrown branches and bud buds are removed, and the pruning amount of the whole crown leaves (1) is 1/4-1/3 of the whole crown;
step 2, bracing and reinforcing the arbor: for the arbor after the shaping and pruning, a steel wire (2) is adopted to pull and brace the tree body for strengthening, the position of the tying height on the steel wire is positioned at two thirds of the height of the tree body, and a pull rope is fixed in the windward direction of the arbor;
step 3, reserving a tree ball island: determining the reserved size of the tree ball island (3) according to the size of the specification of the arbor, taking 10-15 times of the breast diameter of the arbor as the reserved size of the tree ball island, wherein the reserved size of the tree ball island does not exceed the projected marginal line of the crown to the maximum extent;
step 4, excavating improvement holes: excavating peripheral soil outside the tree ball island and stacking the concentrated areas, wherein the excavation width of the improvement holes (4) is 35-45cm, and the excavation depth of the improvement holes is 80-120 cm;
step 5, setting an annular drainage ditch: arranging a non-woven fabric layer at the bottom of the excavated improved hole, arranging a crushed stone layer on the non-woven fabric layer, wrapping the crushed stone layer by the non-woven fabric layer to form an annular drainage ditch (5), wherein the width of the annular drainage ditch (5) is the same as that of the improved hole, the depth of the annular drainage ditch is not less than 10cm, the annular drainage ditch is connected with an external drainage blind pipe (6), and the particle size of the crushed stone layer in the step 5 is 2-6 cm;
step 6, arranging a breathable observation tube: at least two breathable observation tubes (7) are symmetrically placed in the improved hole, the bottom ends of the breathable observation tubes are inserted into the drainage layer, and the top ends of the breathable observation tubes are exposed out of backfilled soil, the breathable observation tubes in the step 6 are PVC (polyvinyl chloride) tubes with the inner diameter of 10cm, holes are formed in the tube walls of the breathable observation tubes, and the outer walls of the breathable observation tubes are wrapped by 200g/m2The nonwoven fabric of (1), theThe top end of the gas observation tube is exposed out of the backfill soil by 8-12 cm;
step 7, soil formula improvement: turning loose, airing, removing impurities and crushing the soil excavated and stacked in the improvement holes in the step 4, adding an improvement medium according to the volume ratio of 5:3 of the original soil to the improvement medium, uniformly turning and stirring to obtain improved soil, and checking whether the soil is loosened or not in the step 7
Figure FDA0002709491520000021
The stone blocks are dried in the sun and crushed into pieces
Figure FDA0002709491520000022
The improved medium in the step 7 is prepared from an organic matrix, an organic fertilizer, coarse sand and desulfurized gypsum, and the proportion of the improved medium is as follows: 5 parts of organic matrix, 4 parts of coarse sand, 1 part of organic fertilizer and 0.01 part of desulfurized gypsum;
step 8, improving soil and backfilling: and 7, backfilling the improved soil obtained in the step 7 into the excavated improved hole, and tamping the backfilled improved soil layer by layer.
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CN108605788B (en) * 2018-03-31 2020-10-23 江润实业（深圳）有限公司 Large tree high survival rate full-crown transplanting system and construction method
CN110972788A (en) * 2019-12-13 2020-04-10 四川云辰园林科技有限公司 Micro-domain improvement method for tree pocket waterlogging in urban garden land

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EP0395321A1 (en) * 1989-04-24 1990-10-31 Holley Brothers (Pty) Limited Amelioration of soil for tree planting

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CN102511264A (en) * 2011-12-05 2012-06-27 天津海林园艺环保科技工程有限公司 Coastal mud flat seedling out-of-season crested planting technology
CN205681963U (en) * 2016-06-04 2016-11-16 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 The salt-soda soil arbor antibacterial pattern of farming of ventilation
CN106034459A (en) * 2016-06-21 2016-10-26 上海博大园林建设发展有限公司 Songnen plain saline-alkali soil comprehensive improvement method
CN206101044U (en) * 2016-10-19 2017-04-19 上海园林（集团）有限公司 A soil amelioration structure that is used for urban afforestation arbor kind plant hole

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