CN107163216A - 一种耐高温高回弹聚氨酯泡沫组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐高温高回弹聚氨酯泡沫组合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107163216A
CN107163216A CN201710499476.8A CN201710499476A CN107163216A CN 107163216 A CN107163216 A CN 107163216A CN 201710499476 A CN201710499476 A CN 201710499476A CN 107163216 A CN107163216 A CN 107163216A
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刘恩
王宏立
严鹏
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Chongqing City Grand Vertical Motorcycle Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种耐高温高回弹聚氨酯泡沫组合物，由组分A和B按重量比100:21～25组成，组分A原料如下：聚醚多元醇40～60份、聚合物多元醇60～40份、有机硅泡沫稳定剂1～2份、三乙烯二胺0.8～1份、有机锡催化剂0.08～0.1份、阻燃剂3～5份、胺醚4～7份、水1.5～2份、二氯甲烷4～6份、色浆1.3～1.6份、白炭黑5～20份，聚醚多元醇和聚合物多元醇加起来为100份；组分B由甲苯二异氰酸酯与多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯混合得到，其中甲苯二异氰酸酯占20～80％，多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯占20～80％；还公开了该泡沫的制备方法。

Description

一种耐高温高回弹聚氨酯泡沫组合物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯泡沫技术领域，具体涉及一种耐高温高回弹聚氨酯泡沫组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
普通聚氨酯泡沫，长期工作的温度不超过80℃，到达100℃聚氨酯泡沫会明显软化变形，物理机械性能显著下降，短期使用温度不超过120℃。某日本汽车制造厂，其设计的发动机隔热、隔音、缓冲材料为聚氨酯高回弹泡沫，其对泡沫的要求为：泡沫密度90-100Kg/m3,泡沫在150℃高温环境下处理400小时，其物理机械性能变化率不超过10％，阻燃要求为离火自熄。由于该要求比较高，国内尚无企业能制造出达到该要求的泡沫配件，因此需要在这方面攻克难题、满足市场需要、占领市场先机。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中的缺陷，提供一种物理机械性能在高温下变化率不超过10％、阻燃性能良好的高回弹聚氨酯泡沫组合物及其制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案：
一种耐高温高回弹聚氨酯泡沫组合物，由组分A和B按重量比100:21～25组成，其中，组分A以重量份数计，原料如下：
聚醚多元醇40～60份、聚合物多元醇60～40份、有机硅泡沫稳定剂1～2份、三乙烯二胺0.8～1份、有机锡催化剂0.08～0.1份、阻燃剂3～5份、胺醚4～7份、水1.5～2份、二氯甲烷4～6份、色浆1.3～1.6份、白炭黑5～20份，所述聚醚多元醇和聚合物多元醇加起来为100份；
组分B由甲苯二异氰酸酯与多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯混合得到，其中甲苯二异氰酸酯占组分B的重量百分比为20～80％，多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯占组分B的重量百分比为20～80％。
所述聚醚多元醇为羟值30-35mgKOH/g的高活性聚醚多元醇，平均分子量为4800-5200；所述聚合物多元醇羟值在23-28mgKOH/g，固含量为26-29％。
一种耐高温高回弹聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)配组分A：取权利要求1或2所述的组分A，将聚醚多元醇和聚合物多元醇按比例加入配料釜中，开启搅拌，然后加入白炭黑以130-160RPM高速搅拌60～90分钟，再加入有机硅泡沫稳定剂、三乙烯二胺、有机锡催化剂、阻燃剂、胺醚、水、二氯甲烷、色浆，60-80RPM转速搅拌30～50分钟；
(2)配组分B：取上述的组分B，混合均匀即得；
(3)发泡：将上述配制的组分A和组分B按重量比100:21～25抽到低压发泡机里，保持料温20-30℃发泡；
(4)浇注：模具温度40-50℃，合模保压时间9～11min；
(5)开模取件、破孔、修边得成品。
有机硅泡沫稳定剂为改性硅油，即表面活性剂，起稳定原料体系和发泡过程中调节泡孔大小及开闭孔的作用；三乙烯二胺是平衡催化剂，起到发泡反应和凝胶反应的催化平衡作用；有机锡催化剂为强凝胶催化剂加快产品固化成型，阻燃剂为聚氨酯高回弹软泡通用阻燃剂，使生产的泡沫有较好的阻燃效果；交联剂为胺醚，是三官能度以上的小分子物质，使泡沫产生网状化学结构；水是化学发泡剂，其与组分B(异氰酸酯)反应产生二氧化碳气体，从而使产品产生泡孔结构；二氯甲烷是物理发泡剂，其在较高温度下挥发成气体，使泡沫产生泡孔结构，且在挥发过程中可以将多余的热量带走；色浆为常用聚氨酯泡沫用色浆，为泡沫着色；白炭黑是纳米二氧化硅，使泡沫具有较好的综合性能。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的高回弹聚氨酯泡沫组合物及其制备方法制备得到的泡沫产品密度90-100Kg/m3,泡沫在150℃高温环境下处理400小时，其物理机械性能变化率不超过10％，阻燃能达到离火自熄。该产品性能参数远优于现有市场产品，能够满足市场的高要求，占领市场先机，市场前景好。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但并不因此而限制本发明。
实施例1制备高回弹聚氨酯泡沫
(1)配料：将聚醚多元醇(330N)40公斤，聚合物多元醇(3630)60公斤加入到配料釜中，开启高速搅拌(130-160RPM)，缓慢加入纳米填料白炭黑5公斤，5分钟加完，高速搅拌持续60分钟，然后调低转速(60-80RPM)，依次加入有机硅泡沫稳定剂2公斤，胺催化剂三乙烯二胺0.8公斤，有机锡催化剂0.1公斤，阻燃剂V63公斤，胺醚交联剂4公斤，水1.5公斤，二氯甲烷6公斤，色浆1.3公斤，持续低速搅拌30分钟以上，即配得A料。将TDI和MDI按重量比3:7混合均匀，配得B料。
(2)参数设定：将配得的A料和B料抽到低压发泡机料罐里，调节原料温度在20-30℃，调节浇注比例为100:21，设定好浇注重量，浇注重量按理论密度95Kg/m3乘以模具型腔体积计算得到，再加上5％损耗。
(3)浇注发泡：A料、B料通过发泡机过滤器过滤，计量泵准确计量，高速搅拌头充分搅拌混合均匀后按一定的浇注轨迹均匀的浇注到干净的喷好脱模剂的模具型腔里面，然后迅速合模保压。合模保压10min。
(4)取件：开模将产品取出，通过破孔、修边程序即得成品。
(5)产品性能指标：
①泡沫密度90-100Kg/m3；
②物理机械性能变化率(“150℃，400小时”处理后)：
拉伸强度变化率：9.5％；
撕裂强度变化率：9.76％；
断裂伸长率变化率：9.25％；
压陷硬度变化率：-0.53％。
③泡沫阻燃性：离火自熄。
实施例2制备高回弹聚氨酯泡沫
(1)配料：将聚醚多元醇(3135)60公斤，聚合物多元醇(3628)40公斤加入到配料釜中，开启高速搅拌(130-160RPM)，缓慢加入纳米填料白炭黑12公斤，5分钟加完，高速搅拌持续90分钟，然后调低转速(60-80RPM)，依次加入有机硅泡沫稳定剂1公斤，胺催化剂三乙烯二胺1公斤，有机锡催化剂0.08公斤，阻燃剂TCPP4公斤，胺醚交联剂6公斤，水2公斤，二氯甲烷4公斤，色浆1.6公斤，持续低速搅拌50分钟，即配得A料。TDI和MDI按重量比2:8混合均匀，配得B料。
(2)参数设定：将配得的A料和B料抽到低压发泡机料罐里，调节原料温度在20-30℃，调节浇注比例为100:25，设定好浇注重量，浇注重量按理论密度95Kg/m3乘以模具型腔体积计算得到，再加上5％损耗。
(3)浇注发泡：A料、B料通过发泡机过滤器过滤，计量泵准确计量，高速搅拌头充分搅拌混合均匀后按一定的浇注轨迹均匀的浇注到干净的喷好脱模剂的模具型腔里面，然后迅速合模保压。合模保压9min。
(4)取件：开模将产品取出，通过破孔、修边程序即得成品。
(5)产品性能指标：
①泡沫密度90-100Kg/m3。
②物理机械性能变化率(“150℃，400小时”处理后)：
拉伸强度变化率：8.8％；
撕裂强度变化率：9.14％；
断裂伸长率变化率：8.37％；
压陷硬度变化率：-0.47％。
③泡沫阻燃性：离火自熄。
实施例3制备高回弹聚氨酯泡沫
(1)配料：将聚醚多元醇(330G)50公斤，聚合物多元醇(104)50公斤加入到配料釜中，开启高速搅拌(130-160RPM)，缓慢加入纳米填料白炭黑20公斤，5分钟加完，高速搅拌持续70分钟，然后调低转速(60-80RPM)，依次加入有机硅泡沫稳定剂1.5公斤，胺催化剂三乙烯二胺0.9公斤，有机锡催化剂0.09公斤，阻燃剂TCEP5公斤，胺醚交联剂5公斤，水1.75公斤，二氯甲烷5公斤，色浆1.45公斤，持续低速搅拌40分钟，即配得A料。TDI和MDI按重量比8:2混合均匀，配得B料。
(2)参数设定：将配得的A料和B料抽到低压发泡机料罐里，调节原料温度在20-30℃，调节浇注比例为100:24，设定好浇注重量，浇注重量按理论密度95Kg/m3乘以模具型腔体积计算得到，再加上5％损耗。
(3)浇注发泡：A料、B料通过发泡机过滤器过滤，计量泵准确计量，高速搅拌头充分搅拌混合均匀后按一定的浇注轨迹均匀的浇注到干净的喷好脱模剂的模具型腔里面，然后迅速合模保压。合模保压11min。
(4)取件：开模将产品取出，通过破孔、修边程序即得成品。
(5)产品性能指标：
①泡沫密度90-100Kg/m3。
②物理机械性能变化率(“150℃，400小时”处理后)：
拉伸强度变化率：9.55％；
撕裂强度变化率：8.67％；
断裂伸长率变化率：9.43％；
压陷硬度变化率：-0.8％。
③泡沫阻燃性：离火自熄。

Claims (3)

1.一种耐高温高回弹聚氨酯泡沫组合物，其特征在于：由组分A和B按重量比100:21～25组成，其中，
组分A以重量份数计，原料如下：
聚醚多元醇40～60份、聚合物多元醇60～40份、有机硅泡沫稳定剂1～2份、三乙烯二胺0.8～1份、有机锡催化剂0.08～0.1份、阻燃剂3～5份、胺醚4～7份、水1.5～2份、二氯甲烷4～6份、色浆1.3～1.6份、白炭黑5～20份，所述聚醚多元醇和聚合物多元醇加起来为100份；
组分B由甲苯二异氰酸酯与多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯混合得到，其中甲苯二异氰酸酯占组分B的重量百分比为20～80％，多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯占组分B的重量百分比为20～80％。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种耐高温高回弹聚氨酯泡沫组合物，其特征在于：所述聚醚多元醇为羟值30-35mg KOH/g的高活性聚醚多元醇，平均分子量为4800-5200；所述聚合物多元醇羟值在23-28mg KOH/g，固含量为26-29％。
3.一种耐高温高回弹聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
(1)配组分A：取权利要求1或2所述的组分A，将聚醚多元醇和聚合物多元醇按比例加入配料釜中，开启搅拌，然后加入白炭黑以130-160RPM高速搅拌60～90分钟，再加入有机硅泡沫稳定剂、三乙烯二胺、有机锡催化剂、阻燃剂、胺醚、水、二氯甲烷、色浆，60-80RPM转速搅拌30～50分钟；
(2)配组分B：取权利要求1或2所述的组分B，混合均匀即得；
(3)发泡：将上述配制的组分A和组分B按重量比100:21～25抽到低压发泡机里，保持料温20-30℃发泡；
(4)浇注：模具温度40-50℃，合模保压时间9～11min；
(5)开模取件、破孔、修边得成品。
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