CN107155615A - A kind of method of utilization rye Jian Kuo pea mixed seeding grazing management domestic animals - Google Patents
A kind of method of utilization rye Jian Kuo pea mixed seeding grazing management domestic animals Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method of utilization rye Jian Kuo pea mixed seeding grazing management domestic animals, and step is as follows:(1)Determine number, the area in rotation grazing cell and green hay harvest area;(2)Sow rye, sowing time is mid-March, 7 months Mays, according to the rotation grazing cell of division, start to herd when rye grows to 20cm, herd to meadow highly be 6cm when, domestic animal is gone into next rotation grazing cell and herded, the cell for just terminating to herd is subjected to fencing management, its recovery is herded potentiality;(3)Rye area is after July herds end, multiple cropping arrow Kuo peas, all cradles harvest and makees green hay feeding sheep, when rye has little time grazing utilization, also harvests green hay.The present invention can be by small cereal and the phenological period feature of leguminous forage, with reference to effective grazing management to arable meadow so that annual good protein supply is balanced, and controls weed growth, reasonable management utilizes barnyard manure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilization rye-Jian Kuo pea mixed seeding grazing management domestic animals.
Background technology
The supply of high quality grass material is not enough, using unreasonable, is the key factor of long-term restriction herbivorous stock raising economic benefit.
In agricultural system, cereal crops, pasture crop, industrial crops, tree crop etc. are combined by the effect of domestic animal so that
The Plant Diversity increase of agricultural system, the utilization rate of especially crop residues and byproduct is increased substantially.Country " 13
In five " planning and central No. 1 file it is also proposed that, " adjustment agricultural planting structure, feeding, breeding combination are changed with grain ", grain changes feeding and is both
Adjust crop mix, promote the important point of penetration of grain " going stock ", be that promotion herbivorous stock raising " mend short by cost declining again
Plate ", the important impetus for optimizing livestock and poultry cultivation structure.
Nearly 20 years of northern China, by planting alfalfa, corn etc., has developed the animal being characterized with stalk, drylot feeding
Production system, but this business efficiency and ecological efficiency be not high, is primarily present following a few point defects:1st, winter-spring season lacks high-quality
Green forage, that is, lack good protein;2nd, in the low regional domestic animal Continous grazing feed intake of natural grassland productivity
Low, consumed energy is more than the energy of intake, and Livestock Production power is low;3rd, animal waste miscarriage, causes water and soil pollution;
4th, it is irregular to herd or unscientific livestock management method is so that grassland degeneration, weedy.
Since 1980s, China's meat, egg, milk consumption figure rise, feed grain consumption sustainable growth, total as grain
The principal element of increase in demand(Ren Jizhou, 2014).Therefore, the pressure of food security in China comes from Feed Manufacturing(Huang Ji Kun,
2004), " arable land farming " should change to " ley farming "(Ren Jizhou, 2014).Grassland Agricultural System arable land kind grass is no less than 1/
4, the animal output value accounts for more than the 1/2 of agricultural, and this is the mark of agricultural modernization(Ren Jizhou etc., 2009).In addition, China rural area is strong
Labour's immigrant laborers increase rapidly, people in the countryside aging and womenization trend substantially, traditional cereal crops need to put into compared with
Many manpowers and chemical fertilizer.Grazing management is carried out using cereal crops, typically only needing to 2-4 people can just complete, labour's input
It is relatively low, and itself carries out fertilizing management using the excrement of domestic animal, it is simple and easy to apply.The innovative point of the present invention is:Utilize tradition
Cereal crops carry out grazing utilization, plant product is converted into energy and albumen and excellent animal product, can for eat
Thing safely provides guarantee, and labour's input can be reduced again.
The forage crops cultivated area such as rye gradually expands, and is developed in a healthy way for animal husbandry and provides potential broad space.
Therefore, the planting industry conventional art and facility advantage of local more ripe and solid foundation are relied on, advance to perfect order grain changes feeding, developed
Rye is planted, and carries out pulse family/dogstail crop rotation-animal production system, development grass poultry coupling, is to realize that the region resource is sustainable
The fundamental way utilized.
The content of the invention
In order to solve problems of the prior art, put the invention provides one kind using rye-Jian Kuo pea mixed seeding
The method for herding management domestic animal.
The present invention provides a kind of method of utilization rye-Jian Kuo pea mixed seeding grazing management domestic animals, and step is as follows:
(1)According to rotation grazing cycle, animal number is herded arable meadow area, needed annual herbage hay total output, the day of domestic animal
Hay amount determines number, the area in rotation grazing cell and green hay harvest area;
(2)Rye is sowed, the sowing time is mid-March, May-July, according to the rotation grazing cell of division, when rye grows to
Start to herd during 20cm, herd to meadow highly be 6cm when, domestic animal is gone into next rotation grazing cell and herded, will just be terminated
The cell herded carries out fencing management, its recovery is herded potentiality;
(3)Rye area is after July herds end, multiple cropping arrow Kuo peas, treats that pea grows to the middle florescence and all cradles harvest and make blue or green
Hay feeds sheep, May-July rye herd during, when rye has little time grazing utilization, also harvest green hay, put for July
Herd the feeding of sheep after terminating.
Preferably, step(1)Described in determine rotation grazing cell and the green hay harvest number in area, the specific method of area
For:
A hectares of arable meadows are set up, plan is divided into a rotation grazing cell, herd sheep B only, rye starts to herd when growing to 20cm,
The hay yield herded for the first time is G1kg/ha, and the hay yield after regeneration is G2kg/ha;Every sheep averagely weighs Xkg, according to
Trophic level, the roughage daily ingestion amount of sheep accounts for the 2.5% of sheep body weight, daily hay requirement X × 2.5%kg, whole flock of sheep
Hay requirement be B × X × 2.5%kg;Rye can provide the time of green grass for 5-July 15 May, 72 days altogether, i.e.,
Grazing period is 72 days, and the regeneration of rye needs C days, therefore, each rotation grazing cell herd after not herd the time and be with C days
Preferably, then the grazing time of each rotation grazing cell is C/2 days, grazing frequency=72/((C/2)×a)It is secondary;The first round herds often
Area=B × X × 2.5% × C/2/G1 of individual rotation grazing cell, the second wheel herd area=B × X × 2.5% of each rotation grazing cell ×
C/2/G2;To ensure enough feedings of sheep, therefore, the area of each rotation grazing cell takes higher value, then the area of grazing district is
(B×X×2.5%×C/2/G )× a, the area for cradling area is A-((B×X×2.5%×C/2/G )×a);The first round herds
When, grass-cutting treatment can be done by having little time the green grass of feeding, leave green hay is made and cradle area's harvest green hay be used for it is annual its
The forage grass of sheep when Yu Fei is herded.
Preferably, step(2)Described in when sowing, seeding method is drilling, and line-spacing is 10-15cm, and application rate is
300kg/ha。
Preferably, it is characterized in that:Step(3)Described in sow Jian Kuo peas when, seeding method be no-tillage drilling, OK
Away from for 30-40cm, application rate is 4kg/ha.
Preferably, rye is replaced with into barley or spring wheat.
Preferably, Jian Kuo peas are replaced with into Vicia sativa.
Spring rye in the present invention can also select the suitable local growth of similar phenological period according to local plantation feature
Small cereal, such as barley, spring wheat etc., arrow Kuo peas also can be similarly replaced as other annual leguminous forages such as Vicia sativa.
Parameters in now testing are identical with original parameter, and application rate is set according to the mass of 1000 kernel and germination percentage for replacing herbage.This
The quality and yield and Vicia sativa of Zhong Jian Kuo peas are tested without significant difference.
The method of the present invention can be good at overcoming several shortcomings present in prior art, and specific effect is as follows:
1. the protein content of leguminous forage is of a relatively high, green hay supply time is long.In the present invention, regulated and controled according to animal number
The size of range allotment, can carry out on part meadow when herding not in time green hay harvest, or storage or ensiling, in winter-spring season
Fed when lacking high-quality feed.
2. the low area of natural grassland productivity, using the method for the present invention, is only carried out in summer to natural meadow
Herd, can now carry out green hay harvest to arable meadow, spring and autumn can be herded in arable meadow, winter feeding green hay.
3. producing the excreta of a large amount of domestic animals under the conditions of drylot feeding domestic animal, processing is not in time or method is improper can produce a large amount of temperature
Room gas, if discharging into river will also result in water pollution.And under arable meadow grazing condition, excreta is directly regarded on meadow
Fertilizer.
4. the Grazing method rule of the present invention, science, will not cause grassland degeneration, weedy.
The present invention effectively can herd pipe by small cereal and the phenological period feature of leguminous forage with reference to arable meadow
Reason so that annual good protein supply is balanced, and controls weed growth, reasonable management utilizes barnyard manure.
Embodiment
Following embodiment facilitates a better understanding of the present invention, but does not limit the present invention.Experiment in following embodiments
Method, is conventional method unless otherwise specified.Test material used, is city unless otherwise specified in following embodiments
Sell.
The method of utilization rye-Jian Kuo pea mixed seeding grazing management domestic animals of the present invention is:
Rye arable meadow is set up, according to domestic animal(Sheep/ox)Quantity and arable meadow area, rye arable meadow is divided into
Several grazing districts, in different season and time, rotation grazing is carried out by an appropriate number of domestic animal.While implementation Jian Kuo peas/black
Wheat crop rotation, both improves soil fertility, and leguminous forage, modulation green hay can be harvested again, is used to supplementary feeding when Winter-Spring fodder grass is deficient.
Rye growth is vigorous, the too late feeding of domestic animal, can also harvest hay.During whole herding, height using meadow is as herding
The basis for estimation of the whole story, in herbage growth vigorous period by domestic animal(Sheep/ox)It is put into the grazing district to herd, the feeding in the grazing district
When grass has been searched for food by domestic animal, domestic animal is transferred to next grazing district and herded, while the cell for just terminating to herd is sealed
Management is educated, is recovered it, rotational grazing.
Comprise the following steps that:
1st, according to rotation grazing cycle, animal number herds arable meadow area, needs annual herbage hay total output, the day of domestic animal
Hay amount determines number, the area in rotation grazing cell and green hay harvest area;
A hectares of rye arable meadows are set up, plan is divided into a rotation grazing cell, herd 2 years old age Hu sheep B only.Rye grows to 20cm
When start to herd, the hay yield herded for the first time about G1kg/ha, the hay yield after regeneration is about G2kg/ha.Every sheep
Xkg is averagely weighed, according to trophic level, the roughage daily ingestion amount of sheep accounts for the 2.5% of sheep body weight, daily hay requirement X ×
2.5%kg, the hay requirement of whole flock of sheep is B × X × 2.5%kg.The time that rye can provide green grass is 5-July of May
It is 72 days to amount within 15th 72 days, i.e. grazing period, and the reproduction speed of general rye is very fast, gnaws big to 6cm regrowths to 20cm
C days are about needed, so the cell regeneration number of days after herding is difficult long, is otherwise unfavorable for rye regrowth.Therefore, each is taken turns
Herd stopping after cell is herded to herd the time to be advisable for C days, then the grazing time that can draw each rotation grazing cell is C/2 days,
Grazing frequency=72/((C/2)×a)It is secondary.The first round herds area=B × X × 2.5% × C/2/G1 of each rotation grazing cell, second
Wheel herds area=B × X × 2.5% × C/2/G2 of each rotation grazing cell.To ensure enough feedings of sheep, therefore, each rotation grazing
The area of cell takes higher value, then the area of grazing district is(B×X×2.5%×C/2/G )× a, the area for cradling area is A-
((B×X×2.5%×C/2/G )×a).When the first round herds, grass-cutting treatment can be done by having little time the green grass of feeding, left and be made
Green hay and cradle the green hay of area's harvest and be used for the forage grass of remaining annual non-sheep when herding.
2nd, rye is sowed, the sowing time is mid-March, and seeding method is drilling, and line-spacing is 10-15cm, and application rate is
300kg/ha .May-July, according to the rotation grazing cell of division, start to herd when rye grows to 20cm.Herd to meadow
When being highly 6cm, domestic animal is gone into next rotation grazing cell and herded, the cell for just terminating to herd is subjected to fencing management, made
Potentiality are herded in its recovery.
3rd, the rye area of sowing in March is after July herds end, multiple cropping arrow Kuo peas, and seeding method is no-tillage drilling, OK
Away from for 30-40cm, application rate is 4kg/ha, treats that September pea on the 20th grows to the middle florescence and all cradles harvest and make green hay feeding
Sheep, harvest yield is 2980-3025kg/ha.May-July rye herd during, when rye has little time grazing utilization, also harvest blue or green
Hay.Annual per hectare harvests rye 1980-2030kg/ha altogether, the feeding for herding sheep after end July.
Application Example 1
Rye/Jian Kuo pea Rotation Grazing Experiment systems, 9 hectares of area, domestic animal 300 of participating in the experiment are established in inland arid zone of Northwest China
Sheep, is cooked three reprocessings.The number of rotation grazing cell is:3, the area of single rotation grazing cell is 0.84ha.
Rye starts to herd when growing to 20cm, the hay yield herded for the first time about 600kg/ha, dry after regeneration
Herbage harvest is about 500kg/ha.Every sheep averagely weighs 30kg, and according to trophic level, the roughage daily ingestion amount of sheep accounts for sheep body weight
2.5%, daily 30 × 2.5%=0.7kg of hay requirement, the hay requirement of whole flock of sheep is 100 × 0.7kg=70kg.It is black
The time that wheat can provide green grass is that 5-July 15 May, 72 days, i.e. grazing period were 72 days, the regeneration of general rye altogether
Speed, gnaws to 6cm and to take around 12 days growing to 20cm, thus the cell regeneration number of days after herding be difficult it is long,
Otherwise it is unfavorable for rye regrowth.Therefore, stopping after each rotation grazing cell is herded herds the time to be advisable for 12 days, then can obtain
The grazing time for going out each rotation grazing cell is 12/2=6 day, grazing frequency=72/(6×3)=4 times.The first round herds each wheel
The area for herding cell is 70 × 6/600=0.7ha, and the area that the second wheel herds each rotation grazing cell is 70 × 6/500=0.84ha.
To ensure enough feedings of sheep, therefore, the area of each rotation grazing cell takes higher value 0.84ha, then the area of grazing district is
0.84 × 3=2.52ha, the area for cradling area is 3-2.52ha=0.48ha.When the first round herds, the green grass for having little time feeding can
Grass-cutting treatment is done, leaving that green hay is made and the green hay of area's harvest is cradled is used for the forage grass of remaining annual non-sheep when herding.
Rye is sowed in rotation grazing cell first, the sowing time is March 15, and line-spacing is 12cm, and application rate is 300kg/ha,
3 rotation grazing cells.One 10m × 10m fence is set in each rotation grazing cell, without herding, as control treatment,
Seed production is carried out, the seed and stalk of rye were only harvested July 25.May 5, rye started to put when growing to 20cm
Herd, according to the rotation grazing cell of division, start to herd.Herd to meadow highly be 6cm when, domestic animal is gone into next rotation grazing cell
Herd, the cell for just terminating to herd is subjected to fencing management, its recovery is herded potentiality, herds to end of day in July 15.
The rye area of sowing in March is after July herds end, multiple cropping arrow Kuo peas, and seeding method is no-tillage drilling, OK
Away from for 35cm, application rate is 4kg/ha, treats that September pea on the 20th grows to the middle florescence and all cradles harvest to make green hay feeding continuous
Sheep, harvest yield is 3001kg/ha.5-July 15 May, rye herded period, when rye has little time grazing utilization, also harvested blue or green
Hay, annual per hectare harvests rye 2000kg/ha altogether, for herding remaining non-grazing time sheep after end on July 15
Feeding.
And since 2014, carry out domestic animal metabolism cabin experiment, determined the herbage of Mongolian sheep and Simmental
Digestion and metabolism feature and gas generation property(Domestic animal metabolism storehouse experiment, refers to close domestic animal in domestic animal metabolism storehouse, room is surveyed using breathing
Method determines domestic animal and searched for food the greenhouse gas emission of certain forage grass.It is that the domestic animal in Crazing test is directly placed in metabolism storehouse,
It is not grazing condition during measure.But the green hay fed is the green hay harvested in this experiment), herd after seven days, will put
Sheep in grazing selects close six of weight age, is put into metabolism cabin and carries out digest supersession test, and it is 3 to test the formal phase
My god, mowing feeding during which is carried out in grazing ground daily, digestibility and the greenhouse gas emission of sheep is determined.Draw following main knot
Really:Relative to directly plantation rye harvest seed and stalk, the grass yield of rye regional rotation grazing(4765-4950kg/ha)Significantly
Higher than seed and stalk yield sum(3510-3570kg/ha)15%-50%, crude protein yield(560-800kg/ha vs.
210-330kg/ha)60%-200% is higher by, the utilization ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer improves more than 11%(21% vs. 10%), WUEL
1 times of increase(6.1kg/ha/mm vs. 3kg/ha/mm), the greenhouse gas emission of meadow unit crude protein production(0.035
kgCO2eq/kg vs. 0.160 kgCO2 eq/kg)More than 90% is reduced, sheep dry digestibility is more than 75%.
Finally it should be noted that:The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still may be used
To be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic.
Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method of utilization rye-Jian Kuo pea mixed seeding grazing management domestic animals, it is characterised in that:Step is as follows:
(1)According to rotation grazing cycle, animal number is herded arable meadow area, needed annual herbage hay total output, the day of domestic animal
Hay amount determines number, the area in rotation grazing cell and green hay harvest area;
(2)Rye is sowed, the sowing time is mid-March, May-July, according to the rotation grazing cell of division, when rye grows to
Start to herd during 20cm, herd to meadow highly be 6cm when, domestic animal is gone into next rotation grazing cell and herded, will just be terminated
The cell herded carries out fencing management, its recovery is herded potentiality;
(3)Rye area is after July herds end, multiple cropping arrow Kuo peas, treats that pea grows to the middle florescence and all cradles harvest and make blue or green
Hay feeds sheep, May-July rye herd during, when rye has little time grazing utilization, also harvest green hay, put for July
Herd the feeding of sheep after terminating.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(1)Described in determine that rotation grazing cell and green hay are received
Obtaining the number in area, the specific method of area is:
A hectares of arable meadows are set up, plan is divided into a rotation grazing cell, herd sheep B only, rye starts to herd when growing to 20cm,
The hay yield herded for the first time is G1kg/ha, and the hay yield after regeneration is G2kg/ha;Every sheep averagely weighs Xkg, according to
Trophic level, the roughage daily ingestion amount of sheep accounts for the 2.5% of sheep body weight, daily hay requirement X × 2.5%kg, whole flock of sheep
Hay requirement be B × X × 2.5%kg;Rye can provide the time of green grass for 5-July 15 May, 72 days altogether, i.e.,
Grazing period is 72 days, and the regeneration of rye needs C days, therefore, each rotation grazing cell herd after not herd the time and be with C days
Preferably, then the grazing time of each rotation grazing cell is C/2 days, grazing frequency=72/((C/2)×a)It is secondary;The first round herds often
Area=B × X × 2.5% × C/2/G1 of individual rotation grazing cell, the second wheel herd area=B × X × 2.5% of each rotation grazing cell ×
C/2/G2;To ensure enough feedings of sheep, therefore, the area of each rotation grazing cell takes higher value, then the area of grazing district is
(B×X×2.5%×C/2/G )× a, the area for cradling area is A-((B×X×2.5%×C/2/G )×a);The first round herds
When, grass-cutting treatment can be done by having little time the green grass of feeding, leave green hay is made and cradle area's harvest green hay be used for it is annual its
The forage grass of sheep when Yu Fei is herded.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(2)Described in when sowing, seeding method is drilling,
Line-spacing is 10-15cm, and application rate is 300kg/ha.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(3)Described in sow Jian Kuo peas when, seeding method
For no-tillage drilling, line-spacing is 30-40cm, and application rate is 4kg/ha.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Rye is replaced with into barley or spring wheat.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Jian Kuo peas are replaced with into Vicia sativa.
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