CN103444625A - Rotational grazing method - Google Patents
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- CN103444625A CN103444625A CN2013103784459A CN201310378445A CN103444625A CN 103444625 A CN103444625 A CN 103444625A CN 2013103784459 A CN2013103784459 A CN 2013103784459A CN 201310378445 A CN201310378445 A CN 201310378445A CN 103444625 A CN103444625 A CN 103444625A
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Abstract
The invention provides a rotational grazing method. The method comprises the steps of step 1, dividing a grazing land into a plurality of end-to-end grazing regions, wherein the areas of the grazing regions are identical; step 2, dividing the flocks of sheep into a plurality of small groups, wherein the number of the small groups is identical to the number of the grazing regions, and the number of each flock of sheep is identical; step 3, setting a small group in each grazing region, wherein all small groups are simultaneously grazed according to the same grazing way; step 4, at every first time segment, respectively driving away one small group in each grazing region to the adjacent grazing region and grazing according to the grazing way in the step 3 until every grazing region is grazed once by each small group in the same time. When the grazing method provided by the invention is utilized to graze the sheep, the grass resources can be designedly utilized, so that overgrazing can be prevented and the stomp and destruction of the sheep on the grass can be relived, and enough grazing can be guaranteed to be provided for the sheep in the whole grazing period, so as to promote the normal development and growth of the sheep.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the raising method of livestock breeding, particularly relate to a kind of rotation grazing method.
Background technology
Rotation grazing is the abbreviation of regional rotation grazing or rotation grazing on an area basis, is a kind of mode of herding that economical and effective is utilized meadow.Rotation grazing typically refers in regularly rotational grazing and the leisure in certain sequence of two plots of above pasture ranges.Rotation grazing cycle, length depended on Herbage regrowth speed, and general aftergrass can be herded again up to 8 centimetres-15 centimetres, needs 25 days-40 days.Rotation grazing cycle, length was also different different because of grassland types, and general dry steppe is 30 days-35 days, and desert steppe is 40 days-50 days, sylvosteppe and grassy marshland are 25 days-30 days, Mountain Meadow is 30 days-35 days, and desert, alpine belt aftergrass seldom, only utilize once in 1 year sometimes.
Rotation grazing can in a planned way utilize grass resources, avoids overgraze and alleviates trample and the destruction of livestock to grassland, guarantees that livestock obtains enough herbage within the whole grazing season, to promote its normal development and growth.But up to now, rotation grazing means that extensively adopt or traditional with flock of sheep or cows, migrate the mode of herding, this mode can't take full advantage of grass resources.Practice shows, improves traditional rotation grazing means if want, realizes that the cattle and sheep of science are raised, and must at first design a kind of science of programming, guarantee the rotation grazing method that herbage takes full advantage of.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of science of programming, guarantee the rotation grazing method that herbage takes full advantage of.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention comprises:
Step 1: will herd place and be divided into a plurality of end to end zones of herding successively, described a plurality of to herd regional area identical;
Step 2: flock of sheep are divided into to a plurality of groupuscules, and the quantity of described groupuscule is with described to herd regional quantity identical, and the quantity of the sheep of each groupuscule is identical;
Step 3: each is herded in zone a groupuscule is set, and all groupuscules are herded by the identical mode of herding simultaneously;
Step 4: every through very first time section, a groupuscule of respectively each being herded in zone is driven to adjacent herding in zone and herd according to the mode of herding of step 3, until each herds zone, all by each groupuscule, with same time, is herded once.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention, wherein, described step 1 also comprises each described zone of herding is divided into to a plurality of end to end one-level subregions successively, and the area of described a plurality of one-level subregions is identical, and the mode of herding of described step 3 specifically comprises:
Sub-step one a: groupuscule is driven to an one-level subregion of herding in zone and herded;
Sub-step two: every through the second time period, a groupuscule in described one-level subregion is driven to same adjacent one-level subregion of herding in zone and herded, until each one-level subregion of herding in zone was all herded once with same time by described groupuscule.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention, wherein, described step 1 also comprise by each described herd the zone each one-level subregion be divided into a plurality of end to end secondary subregions successively, the area of a plurality of described secondary subregions is identical; The sub-step one of the mode of herding of described step 3 specifically comprises:
Steps A a: groupuscule is driven to a secondary subregion of herding in an interior one-level subregion of zone and herded;
Step B: every through the 3rd time period, described groupuscule is driven to the adjacent secondary subregion in same one-level subregion and herded, until each the secondary subregion in one-level subregion was all herded once with same time by described groupuscule.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention, wherein, in the sub-step two of the mode of herding of described step 3: the herd mode of described groupuscule in each one-level subregion all sequentially carried out according to described steps A, described step B.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention, wherein, described step 1 specifically comprises: will herd place and be planned to circle, utilize the first fence will herd place and divide four end to end fan-shaped zones of herding successively, four described zones of herding are along described circumferential distribution of herding place, and the extension extended line of a plurality of described the first fence is all by the described center of circle of herding place.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention, wherein, described step 1 specifically also comprises: utilize respectively five the second fence that each described zone of herding is separated to form to six fan-shaped described one-level subregions, whole described one-level subregions are along described circumferential distribution of herding place, and the extension extended line of described a plurality of the second fence is all by the described center of circle of herding place.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention, wherein, described step 1 specifically also comprises: utilize respectively two the 3rd fence that each described one-level subregion is separated to form to three secondary subregions, described three secondary subregions of each described one-level subregion are herded axially being arranged in order of place along described.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention, wherein, described step 1 also comprises: be provided with the rest zone of having a rest for flock of sheep at described middle part of herding place, described rest zone is all adjacent with each described one-level subregion, described rest zone is positioned at described circle centre position of herding place, described rest is provided with a plurality of sheep hurdles in zone, and described a plurality of sheep hurdles are along described circumferential distribution of herding place.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention wherein, also comprised before described step 1: at range land ground Planting Medicago sativa, orchardgrass grass, perennial ryegrass, clover, bromegrass, annual bluegrass, alta fascue
Utilize rotation grazing method of the present invention to carry out flock of sheep while putting in a suitable place to breed, can in a planned way utilize grass resources, avoid overgraze and alleviate trample and the destruction of flock of sheep to grassland, guarantee that flock of sheep obtain enough herbage within the whole grazing season, to promote its normal development and growth.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the vertical view of herding the structural representation in place, mainly shows one and fan-shaped herds regional interior;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of herding the structural representation in place, shows four and fan-shaped herds regional interior;
The vertical view of the structural representation that Fig. 3 is the one-level subregion;
Fig. 4 is the regional partial enlarged drawing of having a rest.
Embodiment
Rotation grazing method of the present invention comprises:
Step 1: will herd place and divide a plurality of end to end zones of herding successively, described a plurality of to herd regional area identical;
Step 2: flock of sheep are divided into to a plurality of groupuscules, and the quantity of described groupuscule is with described to herd regional quantity identical, and the quantity of the sheep of each groupuscule is identical;
Step 3: each is herded in zone a groupuscule is set, and all groupuscules are herded by the identical mode of herding simultaneously;
Step 4: every through very first time section, a groupuscule of respectively each being herded in zone is driven to adjacent herding in zone and herd according to the mode of herding of step 3, until each herds zone, all by each groupuscule, with same time, is herded once.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention, wherein, described step 1 also comprises each described zone of herding is divided into to a plurality of end to end one-level subregions successively, and the area of described a plurality of one-level subregions is identical, and the mode of herding of described step 3 specifically comprises:
Sub-step one a: groupuscule is driven to an one-level subregion of herding in zone and herded;
Sub-step two: every through the second time period, a groupuscule in described one-level subregion is driven to same adjacent one-level subregion of herding in zone and herded, until each one-level subregion of herding in zone was all herded once with same time by described groupuscule.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention, wherein, described step 1 also comprise by each described herd the zone each one-level subregion be divided into a plurality of end to end secondary subregions successively, the area of described a plurality of secondary subregions is identical; The sub-step one of the mode of herding of described step 3 specifically comprises:
Steps A a: groupuscule is driven to a secondary subregion of herding in an interior one-level subregion of zone and herded;
Step B: every through the 3rd time period, described groupuscule is driven to the adjacent secondary subregion in same one-level subregion and herded, until each the secondary subregion in one-level subregion was all herded once with same time by described groupuscule.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention, wherein, in the sub-step two of the mode of herding of described step 3: the herd mode of described groupuscule in each one-level subregion all sequentially carried out according to steps A, step B.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention, wherein, during herding according to steps A, step B in each one-level subregion, adopt “Xian center, rear periphery " mode, first in herding the secondary subregion in regional centre, herd, then herd in the overseas secondary subregion enclosed in pastoral area.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention, wherein, described step 1 specifically comprises: will herd place and be planned to circle, utilize the first fence will herd place and divide four end to end fan-shaped zones of herding successively, four described herds the circumferential distribution of zone along described rotation grazing method, and the extension extended line of a plurality of described the first fence is all by the center of circle of described rotation grazing method.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention, wherein, described step 1 specifically also comprises: utilize respectively five the second fence that each described zone of herding is separated to form to six fan-shaped described one-level subregions, whole described one-level subregions are along described circumferential distribution of herding place, and the extension extended line of described a plurality of the second fence is all by the described center of circle of herding place.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention, wherein, described step 1 specifically also comprises: utilize respectively two the 3rd fence that each described one-level subregion is separated to form to three secondary subregions, described three secondary subregions of each described one-level subregion are herded axially being arranged in order of place along described.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention, wherein, described step 1 also comprises: be provided with the rest zone of having a rest for flock of sheep at described middle part of herding place, described rest zone is all adjacent with each described one-level subregion, described rest zone is positioned at described circle centre position of herding place, described rest is provided with a plurality of sheep hurdles in zone, and described a plurality of sheep hurdles are along described circumferential distribution of herding place.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention wherein, also comprised before described step 1: at range land ground Planting Medicago sativa, orchardgrass grass, perennial ryegrass, clover, bromegrass, annual bluegrass, alta fascue.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention is applicable to implement on grassland.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, the embodiment of rotation grazing method of the present invention comprises:
Step 1: will herd place and be planned to circle, utilize the first fence 1 will herd place and be divided into four end to end fan-shaped zones 10 of herding successively, four described zones 10 of herding are along the circumferential distribution of herding place, the extension extended line of a plurality of described the first fence 1 is all by herding the center of circle in place, utilize respectively five the second fence 2 that each described zone 10 of herding is separated to form to six fan-shaped described one-level subregions 11, all one-level subregion 11 is along the circumferential distribution of herding place, the extension extended line of described a plurality of the second fence 2 is all by the described center of circle of herding place.Utilize respectively two the 3rd fence 3 that each one-level subregion 11 is separated to form to three secondary subregions 13, three secondary subregions 13 of each described one-level subregion 11 are along herding axially being arranged in order of place, be provided with the rest zone 20 of having a rest for flock of sheep at described middle part of herding place, described rest zone 20 is all adjacent with each described one-level subregion 11, rest zone 20 is positioned at the circle centre position of herding place, be provided with a plurality of sheep hurdles 30 in rest zone 20, a plurality of sheep hurdles 30 are along described circumferential distribution of herding place, the present embodiment is herded 553 mu of site areas, each herds 125 mu of region areas, 20.83 mu of each one-level subregion 11 areas,
Step 2: flock of sheep are divided into to a plurality of groupuscules, and the quantity of described groupuscule is identical with the quantity of herding zone 10, and the quantity of the sheep of each groupuscule is identical, totally four groupuscules, often a small set of 500 sheep;
Step 3: respectively 500 sheep of a groupuscule are driven to one and herd in zone, a plurality of groupuscules are herded simultaneously;
Step 4: every after after a while, respectively each is herded to a groupuscule in zone and herd according to driveing clockwise or counterclockwise to adjacent herding in zone 10.
Specifically, in each herds zone, the mode of herding a groupuscule is all identical, and this mode specifically comprises: a groupuscule is driven to an one-level subregion 11; Every through the second time period, a groupuscule in the one-level subregion 11 of herding in zone 10 is driven to same adjacent one-level subregion 11 of herding in zone 10 and herded, the movement that the numerous one-level subregions of a groupuscule in herding zone 10 are 11 is carried out according to a fixing direction, as clockwise (can be also counterclockwise), the movement of every groupuscule after the second time period is all according to clockwise direction, with this, guarantees that each each one-level subregion 11 of herding in zone 10 all herded once with same time by a groupuscule.
More specifically, this mode comprises: a groupuscule is driven to a secondary subregion 13 of herding in the interior one-level subregion 11 in zone 10 and herded;
Every through the 3rd time period, this groupuscule is driven to the adjacent secondary subregion 13 in same one-level subregion 11 and herded according to a fixing direction, the movement that the numerous secondary subregions of a groupuscule in an one-level subregion 11 are 13 is carried out according to a fixing direction, preferably by the center of herding place (being the center of circle) to extraradial direction, the movement of every groupuscule after the 3rd time period all according to the center by herding place (being the center of circle) to extraradial direction, guarantee that with this each secondary subregion 13 in one-level subregion 11 were all herded once with same time by this groupuscule.
The herd mode of each groupuscule in each one-level subregion 11 all sequentially carried out according to steps A, step B.
More particularly, step 3, step 4 comprise:
(1) respectively a groupuscule is driven to each and herd in the one-level subregion 11 of zone in 10, specifically, be that each is herded in a secondary subregion 13 in the one-level subregion 11 in zone 10, in this secondary subregion 13, the sheep of a groupuscule is by free range husbandry;
(2) through the 3rd time period (2 days), the sheep of respectively each being herded to a groupuscule in the secondary subregion 13 of zone in 10 is driven to second secondary subregion 13 in same one-level subregion 11 and herds to extraradial direction according to the center by herding place (being the center of circle), circulate and analogize with this, every through the 3rd time period (2 days), the sheep of respectively each being herded to a groupuscule in the secondary subregion 13 of zone in 10 is driven to the next secondary subregion 13 in same one-level subregion 11 and herds to extraradial direction according to the center by herding place (being the center of circle),
(3) all secondary subregions 13 in an one-level subregion 11 were all herded, through 6 days---i.e. the second time period, respectively each being herded to the sheep of a groupuscule in the secondary subregion 13 in zone 10 and drive to same next one-level subregion 11 of herding in zone 10 and herd according to clockwise direction, is to herd in first secondary subregion 13 in clockwise next one-level subregion 11 specifically;
(4) then repeat above-mentioned steps (2), (3), all herded when all secondary subregions 13 of herding in zone 10, a grazing period completes.
By above-mentioned number of days, calculate, grazing period of the present embodiment should be 36 days.
Very first time section in step 4 is grazing period mentioned above.Above-mentioned steps four is specially: every after 36 days, and respectively each to be herded to the groupuscules of zone in 10 and drive to adjacent herding in zone 10 and herd, the concrete mode of herding is carried out according to the mode of above-mentioned steps three.
After four grazing periods, each groupuscule is all herded zone at four and 10 according to the mode of above-mentioned steps three, was herded a grazing period, at this moment herds the stage (36 * 4) and completes for one.
In a grazing period, each is herded in zone 10, flock of sheep are all put in a suitable place to breed in a secondary subregion 13, this herds other zone rehabilitation in zone 10, herbage growth, in a planned way utilize grass resources thus, avoids overgraze and alleviate trample and the destruction of flock of sheep to grassland, guarantee that flock of sheep obtain enough herbage within the whole grazing season, to promote its normal development and growth.
A time of herding the stage is 144 days, and be substantially identical between best puberty of a bellwether, utilizing above-described embodiment of rotation grazing method of the present invention to carry out flock of sheep puts in a suitable place to breed, after one is herded 144 days stages, average every sheep weightening finish 20-30 kilogram in flock of sheep, more traditionally put every sheep weightening finish in a suitable place to breed and increase by 30% left and right.
In a grazing period, each is herded in zone 10, flock of sheep are all put in a suitable place to breed in a secondary subregion 13, this herds other zone rehabilitation in zone 10, herbage growth, in a planned way utilize grass resources thus, avoids overgraze and alleviate trample and the destruction of flock of sheep to grassland, guarantee that flock of sheep obtain enough herbage within the whole grazing season, to promote its normal development and growth.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention wherein, also comprised before described step 1: at range land ground Planting Medicago sativa, orchardgrass grass, perennial ryegrass, clover, bromegrass, annual bluegrass, alta fascue.
Above-mentioned clover, orchardgrass grass, perennial ryegrass, clover, bromegrass, annual bluegrass, alta fascue are particularly suitable for flock of sheep and raise.
Utilize rotation grazing method of the present invention to carry out flock of sheep while putting in a suitable place to breed, can at first flock of sheep be trapped among to first herds zone and puts in a suitable place to breed in 10, after certain hour, flock of sheep are driven to lower second and herd in zone 10 and put in a suitable place to breed, herd regional 10 times to recover to first, after certain hour, flock of sheep are driven to lower the 3rd and herd in zone 10 and put in a suitable place to breed, give second to herd regional 10 times to recover, by that analogy, each is herded zone 10 and recovers if having time, so in a planned way utilize grass resources, avoid overgraze and alleviate trample and the destruction of flock of sheep to grassland, guarantee that flock of sheep obtain enough herbage within the whole grazing season, to promote its normal development and growth.
In the stage of herding, in every night, can drive the interior rest of sheep hurdle 30 that flock of sheep go back to the zone 20 of having a rest.
The suitable area at warmer climate of sheep hurdle 30 is used, and characteristics are that cost is low, bright and clear, the well-ventilated, can be used as mat shelter summer, and snowy and rainy day can be used as the place of supplementary feeding, further promotes normal development and the growth of flock of sheep.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention is running sheep better, and the activity that makes flock of sheep is science, rationally and more orderly more, the growing of convenient monitoring sheep; Rotation grazing method of the present invention has been made accurate planning to the movable route of flock of sheep, overcome that to raise the flock of sheep activity brought fully scattered large, physical consumption is large, the shortcoming slow and that the easy large tracts of land of disease infects of becoming fat, make again flock of sheep that certain motion is arranged every day, effectively strong its physique.
Rotation grazing method of the present invention can be utilized grassland more fully.It is uneven that the green grass of the flock of sheep of raising scattered fully through grassland later often can show; grass is very luxuriant regional and interval straggly, careless zone of being eaten up in a large number also; be unfavorable for so very much utilization again and the rang management of other flock of sheep; adopt rotation grazing method of the present invention can avoid the generation of above-mentioned situation fully; take full advantage of thus grassland, improve stock-carrying capacity.
Utilize above-described embodiment of rotation grazing method of the present invention to carry out flock of sheep and put in a suitable place to breed, after one is herded 144 days stages, average every sheep weightening finish 20-30 kilogram in flock of sheep, more traditionally put every sheep weightening finish in a suitable place to breed and increase by 30% left and right.
The general 0.08-0.14 of the stock-carrying capacity of natural meadow every mu, above-described embodiment of rotation grazing method of the present invention is raised 2000 mutton sheeps with 553 mu of ground.Wherein planting forage grass is 500 mu, and 4-5 of every mu of numbers of animals raised, compare with natural meadow, improves stock-carrying capacity 20-100 doubly.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a rotation grazing method, is characterized in that, described rotation grazing method comprises:
Step 1: will herd place and be divided into a plurality of end to end zones of herding successively, described a plurality of to herd regional area identical;
Step 2: flock of sheep are divided into to a plurality of groupuscules, and the quantity of described groupuscule is with described to herd regional quantity identical, and the quantity of the sheep of each groupuscule is identical;
Step 3: each is herded in zone a groupuscule is set, and all groupuscules are herded by the identical mode of herding simultaneously;
Step 4: every through very first time section, a groupuscule of respectively each being herded in zone is driven to adjacent herding in zone and herd according to the mode of herding of step 3, until each herds zone, all by each groupuscule, with same time, is herded once.
2. rotation grazing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step 1 also comprises each described zone of herding is divided into to a plurality of end to end one-level subregions successively, and the area of a plurality of described one-level subregions is identical, and the mode of herding of described step 3 specifically comprises:
Sub-step one a: groupuscule is driven to an one-level subregion of herding in zone and herded;
Sub-step two: every through the second time period, a groupuscule in described one-level subregion is driven to same adjacent one-level subregion of herding in zone and herded, until each one-level subregion of herding in zone was all herded once with same time by described groupuscule.
3. rotation grazing method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described step 1 also comprise by each described herd the zone each one-level subregion be divided into a plurality of end to end secondary subregions successively, the area of described a plurality of secondary subregions is identical; The sub-step one of the mode of herding of described step 3 specifically comprises:
Steps A a: groupuscule is driven to a secondary subregion of herding in an interior one-level subregion of zone and herded;
Step B: every through the 3rd time period, described groupuscule is driven to the adjacent secondary subregion in same one-level subregion and herded, until each the secondary subregion in one-level subregion was all herded once with same time by described groupuscule.
4. rotation grazing method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in the sub-step two of the mode of herding of described step 3: the herd mode of described groupuscule in each one-level subregion all sequentially carried out according to described steps A, described step B.
5. rotation grazing method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described step 1 specifically comprises: will herd place and be planned to circle, utilize the first fence will herd place and divide four end to end fan-shaped zones of herding successively, four described zones of herding are along described circumferential distribution of herding place, and the extension extended line of a plurality of described the first fence is all by the described center of circle of herding place.
6. rotation grazing method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described step 1 specifically also comprises: utilize respectively five the second fence that each described zone of herding is separated to form to six fan-shaped described one-level subregions, whole described one-level subregions are along described circumferential distribution of herding place, and the extension extended line of described a plurality of the second fence is all by the described center of circle of herding place.
7. rotation grazing method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described step 1 specifically also comprises: utilize respectively two the 3rd fence that each described one-level subregion is separated to form to three secondary subregions, described three secondary subregions of each described one-level subregion are herded axially being arranged in order of place along described.
8. rotation grazing method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described step 1 also comprises: be provided with the rest zone of having a rest for flock of sheep at described middle part of herding place, described rest zone is all adjacent with each described one-level subregion, described rest zone is positioned at described circle centre position of herding place, described rest is provided with a plurality of sheep hurdles in zone, and described a plurality of sheep hurdles are along described circumferential distribution of herding place.
9. rotation grazing method according to claim 8, is characterized in that, before described step 1, also comprises: at range land ground Planting Medicago sativa, orchardgrass grass, perennial ryegrass, clover, bromegrass, annual bluegrass, alta fascue.
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| CN107155615A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-09-15 | 兰州大学 | A kind of method of utilization rye Jian Kuo pea mixed seeding grazing management domestic animals |
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| CN107371675A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-11-24 | 兰州大学 | A kind of method using alfalfa Festuca Arundinacea mixed sward grazing management domestic animal |
| CN109917802A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-21 | 翔升（上海）电子技术有限公司 | Herds travel track monitoring method and system based on unmanned plane |
| CN109917803A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-21 | 翔升（上海）电子技术有限公司 | The method and system of unmanned plane guiding herds |
| CN110419502A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-08 | 贵州大学 | A kind of method that accurate daily ration is herded and its fence system |
| CN110443423A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-11-12 | 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 | A kind of regional rotation grazing dynamic optimization method based on Task Assignment Model |
| CN116882694A (en) * | 2023-07-20 | 2023-10-13 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | High-frequency rotation grazing method |
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