CN107108332B - 化学增强的有色薄玻璃 - Google Patents
化学增强的有色薄玻璃 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107108332B CN107108332B CN201680003844.9A CN201680003844A CN107108332B CN 107108332 B CN107108332 B CN 107108332B CN 201680003844 A CN201680003844 A CN 201680003844A CN 107108332 B CN107108332 B CN 107108332B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- sheet
- laminated glazing
- motor vehicle
- thickness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000005315 stained glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 178
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004150 EU approved colour Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229940006093 opthalmologic coloring agent diagnostic Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100001678 Emericella variicolor andM gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical group [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006124 Pilkington process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006750 UV protection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000413 arsenic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960002594 arsenic trioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003426 chemical strengthening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KTTMEOWBIWLMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diarsenic trioxide Chemical compound O1[As](O2)O[As]3O[As]1O[As]2O3 KTTMEOWBIWLMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007571 dilatometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008570 general process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002265 redox agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten(VI) oxide Inorganic materials O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
- C03C21/001—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
- C03C21/002—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
- B32B17/1011—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having predetermined tint or excitation purity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
- B32B17/10119—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a composition deviating from the basic composition of soda-lime glass, e.g. borosilicate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10128—Treatment of at least one glass sheet
- B32B17/10137—Chemical strengthening
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10743—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing acrylate (co)polymers or salts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
- B60J3/007—Sunglare reduction by coatings, interposed foils in laminar windows, or permanent screens
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
- C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种通过离子交换进行化学增强的硅铝酸盐类型有色玻璃片材,涉及包含这种片材的层压窗玻璃和这种窗玻璃的制备方法。
Description
本发明涉及化学增强的有色薄玻璃。这种有色薄玻璃可以是层压窗玻璃的玻璃片材之一,并因此可用于例如机动车辆领域中的应用。
有色窗玻璃通常用于运输和建筑的领域中,并且通过在玻璃的化学组成中引入着色剂(如,例如氧化铁、氧化钴和/或氧化镍)而获得,这些着色剂使得可以改变玻璃的光透射率和玻璃的能量透过率。因此,对于车顶玻璃或后窗玻璃,建造者寻求减少光透射率以获得乘客和驾驶员的舒适性。
目前的趋势之一,特别是在其中寻求减轻交通工具的重量的机动车辆领域中,在于减少构成机动车辆窗玻璃的玻璃片材的厚度。目前使用两个薄玻璃片材制造层压窗玻璃仍然是困难的,这是由于最终产品不具有对于机动车辆应用所需的刚性。所采用的解决方案之一在于使用其中构成层压窗玻璃的玻璃片材中仅一个是薄玻璃片材的层压窗玻璃。这种类型的窗玻璃因此是不对称的。必要的是,重量减轻的不对称层压窗玻璃具有与期望的应用相容的机械强度,并且通过通常的成型和成形方法制造它们仍然是可行的。允许增强该窗玻璃的机械强度的可能性之一在于使用至少一个具有压缩状态的表面区域和拉伸状态的中心区域的玻璃片材。这种类型的玻璃片材特别是通过使其经受热或化学淬火方法来获得。化学淬火是一种其在于在玻璃片材内进行离子交换的方法:离子(通常是碱金属离子,如钠或锂)用离子半径更大的离子(通常是另一种碱金属离子,例如钾或钠)从玻璃表面直到通常由“交换深度”表示的深度处的表面取代,允许在玻璃片材的表面产生直至一定深度(通常称为“压缩深度”)的残余压缩应力。这种深度特别取决于离子交换处理的持续时间,进行离子交换处理的温度以及玻璃片材的组成。需要在这种处理的持续时间和温度之间找到折中,特别是考虑到在用于窗玻璃的生产线中的生产的限制。在有色玻璃的情况下,已知的是,在玻璃组合物中通常使用的某些着色剂,尤其如氧化铁,具有降低化学增强的趋势,因为铁在玻璃组合物中的存在导致交流深度的降低。因此,需要调节有色玻璃的化学组成以使得它与化学淬火方法相适应。
因此,包含化学淬火的玻璃片材的不对称层压窗玻璃因此通常是由两个具有不同厚度以及不同化学组成的玻璃片材构成的窗玻璃。然而,对于期望的应用,特别是在运输领域(机动车辆,飞机,直升飞机等)中,需要为窗玻璃提供一定的曲率并且在它们组装之前进行窗玻璃的构成玻璃片材的弯曲。有利的是,使用允许同时使玻璃片材弯曲的弯曲技术。这特别允许确保所述片材具有完全相同的曲率,这将有助于它们的组装。在弯曲方法中,玻璃片材重叠地进行设置,并且通过具有所需轮廓(即,组装后的窗玻璃的确定轮廓)的框架或构架以基本水平的方式沿着其边缘端部进行支撑。具有较薄厚度的玻璃片材位于该较厚的玻璃片材的上方,使得薄的片材在更厚的片材上的支撑在整个接触区域上均匀地发生。如此被定位在框架上,使两个玻璃片材通过弯曲炉中。鉴于两个玻璃片材具有不同的化学组成,它们在这种弯曲步骤中的行为是不同的,因此可能会提高出现残余缺陷或应力的风险。
专利申请WO2014/120641描述了其化学组成已被改变以能够进行化学淬火的有色玻璃。然而,在所述文件中描述的玻璃中的大部分是黑色的。它们具有非常高的氧化铝含量,氧化铝被引入以补偿不利于化学淬火的铁的存在。氧化铝的这种增加是不希望的,因为它导致玻璃粘度的快速增加并因此导致更高的工艺成本。另一方面,在该专利申请中描述的玻璃组合物不必然地具有允许与硅钠钙玻璃片材同时弯曲的所需特性。
因此,寻求获得其同时是着色的玻璃组合物,具有不同的可能的着色(绿色、蓝色或灰色,取决于所选择的着色剂),其允许进行化学淬火(即使具有大的着色剂含量)并且其在制造层压窗玻璃的方法期间可以与硅钠钙类型玻璃片材同时弯曲。正是在这种范围中描述本发明,其主题之一涉及化学增强的有色玻璃片材。本发明的另一主题涉及包括至少一个化学增强的有色玻璃片材的层压窗玻璃。制造这种层压窗玻璃的方法也是本发明的主题。
为此,本发明的一个主题是通过离子交换进行化学增强的着色玻璃片材,其包含在如下定义的重量含量范围内的以下氧化物:
SiO2 59.20-68.00%
Al2O3 2.00-8.00%
MgO 如果Al2O3含量为5.00-8.00%并且如果SiO2/Al2O3比大于或等于7.8,则为6.00-9.00%,或
如果Al2O3含量为2.00-5.00%并且如果SiO2/Al2O3比大于或等于24,则为8.00-10.00%,
Na2O 9.00-16.00%
K2O 5.00-11.00%
B2O3 0-3.00%
CaO 0-1.00%
和在如下定义的重量含量范围内的以下着色剂:
总Fe2O3 0.05-6.00%
CoO 0-2.00%
NiO 0-1.00%
Se 0-0.10%,
所述玻璃具有为0.10-0.65的氧化还原因子。
具有这种组成的玻璃片材作为它们包含的所引入着色剂及其各自量的函数可以具有绿色、蓝色或灰色着色。
根据一个实施方案,Al2O3含量为3.00至8.00%,并且在这种情况下,如果Al2O3含量为3.00至5.00%,并且如果SiO2/Al2O3比大于或等于24,则MgO含量为8.0-10.00%。
选自钒、铬、锰、铜、银、钛、锡和镧系元素的氧化物,和/或硫化物的其它着色剂,如硫化镉,可以以小于1.00%的重量含量被加入到组合物中。
玻璃片材还可以包含其它添加剂,例如用于改变光谱的某些部分中,特别是在紫外线区域中的光学性质的试剂,如CeO2,WO3,La2O3和V2O5,这些添加剂的总重量含量不超过2.00%,优选1.00%。
如此着色的玻璃片材尤其通过以下进行表征:它们在标准ISO 11664-2的意义上的光源A(TLA)下的光透射率,使用在标准ISO 11664-1意义上的参考CIE 1931观察者作为观察者,以及它们在给定厚度时在标准ISO 9050:2003意义上的总能量透过率。
通过指示CIE L*a*b*比色坐标来确定玻璃的着色程度,其中L*对应于亮度,a*和b*是表示相对于具有相同亮度的灰色表面的颜色的色差的参数。所使用的光源是光源D65,观察者是标准ISO 11664-1和-2的意义上的编号CIE 1964的观察者。
总铁含量以氧化物Fe2O3的形式进行表示。氧化铁可以以三价铁或亚铁形式存在。因此,表述“总Fe2O3”应理解为表示存在于玻璃中的所有铁氧化物(即以两种可能形式存在,但以Fe2O3的形式进行表示)。氧化还原因子被定义为FeO形式表示的氧化亚铁的重量含量与以Fe2O3形式表示的总铁重量含量的比例。
在玻璃组合物中铁的存在作为氧化还原剂的函数产生蓝-绿着色并且降低了玻璃的光透射率和能量透过率。
氧化钴参与玻璃片材的蓝色着色。
氧化镍为玻璃片材提供棕色/灰色着色。
通过改变着色剂的含量,如此可以获得宽的着色范围,同时保持化学增强玻璃片材的可能性,而不会强烈地改变光学性质。
玻璃的主要构成氧化物SiO2的含量为59.20〜68.00重量%。该范围有利地使得可以具有稳定的组合物,该组合物具有优良的化学增强能力,以及与用于制造玻璃片材的通常方法(玻璃在熔融金属浴上漂浮)和用于确保在制造包含硅钠钙类型片材的层压窗玻璃期间同时弯曲的弯曲方法相适应的粘度。
Al2O3的重量含量为3%至8%,这使得可以作用于玻璃的粘度以保持在允许制造玻璃而不增加成型温度的粘度范围内。氧化铝对玻璃的化学增强水平的性能也具有影响。
钠和钾的氧化物允许玻璃的熔融温度和粘度保持在可接受的范围内。特别地,这两种氧化物的同时存在具有提高玻璃的耐水解性和钠和钾离子之间相互扩散速度的优点。
氧化镁的重量含量为6〜10%,但必须根据Al2O3和SiO2的重量含量进行调整。这种氧化物促进玻璃组合物的熔融并改善在高温下的粘度,同时有助于提高玻璃的耐水解性。
氧化钙的重量含量被限于1.00%,因为这种氧化物对于化学淬火是不利的。
有利地,该玻璃片材通过用钾离子交换钠离子进行增强。它通过在至少30μm的离子交换深度上,优选在至少35μm的深度的表面离子交换进行增强。通过重量摄取法(méthode de la prise de poids)来估算交换深度。它如下进行推算:从样品质量的摄取开始,通过假设扩散曲线近似为“erfc”函数,同时作为惯例,交换深度对应于其中钾离子浓度等于玻璃基质的钾离子浓度(约0.5%的出入)时的深度(如在René Gy,“Ion Exchange forGlass Strengthening, Materials Science and Engineering: B,第149卷,第2期,2008年3月25日,第159-165页”中所述)。在这里,鉴于试样的尺寸,试样的厚度是可忽略的,并且重量的摄取Δm可以通过下列公式与交换深度eech有关:
其中,m i 为样品的初始质量,M tot 为玻璃的总摩尔质量,M K2O 和M Na2O 分别为氧化物K2O和Na2O的摩尔质量,α Na2O 为钠的摩尔百分比,和e v 为样品的厚度。
本发明的另一个主题涉及包含如上所述的至少一个玻璃片材的层压窗玻璃。
根据本发明的层压窗玻璃至少包含硅钠钙类型第一玻璃片材,聚合物中间层和具有在前面描述的组成并进行着色的第二玻璃片材。
必要的是,根据本发明的窗玻璃的两个构成玻璃片材能够同时进行弯曲。根据本发明的层压窗玻璃的特征在于,其中粘度为1010.3泊时,该窗玻璃的每个构成玻璃片材的温度(表示为T(log η=10.3))之间的差值以绝对值表示低于30℃。这种温度通过对于每个玻璃片材取在上限退火温度(température supérieure de recussion,即玻璃的粘度为1013泊时的温度)和软化温度(即每个玻璃片材的玻璃粘度值为107.6泊时的温度)的平均值而获得。上限退火温度对应于这样的温度,在该温度时,玻璃的粘度是足够强的以使得在确定时间(约15分钟的应力消除时间)内能够完全进行应力消失。这个温度有时还被称为“应力消除温度”。这种温度通常按照标准NF B30-105进行测量。软化温度,有时也被称为“Littleton温度”,其本身被定义为这样的温度,在该温度时,直径约为0.7mm,长度为23.5cm的玻璃丝在其自身重量下以1mm/min伸长(标准ISO 7884-6)。这种温度可以如在出版物Fluegel A. 2007,Europ. J. Glass Sci. Technol. A,48(1),13-30中所解释地进行测量或计算。优选地,在第一玻璃片材的温度T1(log η=10.3)与第二玻璃片材的温度T2(logη=10.3)之间的差值的绝对值小于23℃。这种微小的温度差值允许确保根据本发明的窗玻璃的两个玻璃片材可以同时进行弯曲,然后与聚合物中间层进行组装,而没有在窗玻璃中出现缺陷如光学缺陷的风险。
因此,通过将硅钠钙类型第一玻璃片材与上述具有化学组成的硅铝酸盐类型第二玻璃片材结合,发明人已经发现,通过同时使两个玻璃片材弯曲,可以获得具有期望的机械强度和着色的性质的窗玻璃。
第二玻璃片材是一种着色的硅铝酸盐类型玻璃,其包含在如下定义的重量含量范围内的以下氧化物:
SiO2 59.20-68.00%
Al2O3 2.00-8.00%
MgO 如果Al2O3含量为5.00-8.00%并且如果SiO2/Al2O3比大于或等于7.8,则为6.00-9.00%,或
如果Al2O3含量为2.00-5.00%并且如果SiO2/Al2O3比大于或等于24,则为8.00-10.00%,
Na2O 9.00-16.00%
K2O 5.00-11.00%
B2O3 0-3.00%
CaO 0-1.00%
和在如下定义的重量含量范围内的以下着色剂:
总Fe2O3 0.05-6.00%
CoO 0-2.00%
NiO 0-1.00%
Se 0-0.10%,
所述玻璃具有为0.10-0.65的氧化还原因子。
它具有接近于第一玻璃片材的温度T1(logη=10.3)的温度T2(logη=10.3),这使得可以更容易地同时弯曲两个片材。
根据一个实施方案,Al2O3含量为3.00至8.00%,并且在这种情况下,如果Al2O3含量为3.00至5.00%,并且如果SiO2/Al2O3比大于或等于等于24,MgO含量为8.0-10.00%。
第一玻璃片材是硅钠钙类型,并包含在如下定义的重量含量范围内的以下氧化物:
SiO2 65.00-75.00%
Na2O 10.00-20.00%
CaO 2.00-15.00%
Al2O3 0-5.00%
MgO 0-5.00%
K2O 0-5.00%。
上述第一和第二玻璃片材的组成仅表示必要成分。它们没有给出该组成的次要元素,如常规使用的精制剂,如氧化砷、氧化锑、氧化锡或氧化铈,卤素或金属硫化物。
根据本发明的层压窗玻璃的构成玻璃片材具有不同的厚度,第一玻璃片材是较厚的片材。第一玻璃片材的厚度为最多2.1mm,优选最多1.6mm。比第一玻璃片材更薄的第二玻璃片材具有最多1.5mm的厚度。优选地,这种片材具有最多1.1mm的厚度,甚至小于1mm的厚度。有利地,第二玻璃片材具有小于或等于0.7mm的厚度。片材的厚度为至少50μm。使用薄玻璃片材的事实允许减轻层压窗玻璃片材,并因此满足寻求降低交通工具重量的制备商当前所要求的规格。
设置在两个玻璃片材之间的聚合物中间层由一个或多个热塑性材料层构成。它特别地可以由聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)或离聚物树脂制成。聚合物中间层可以以具有特定功能性的多层膜的形式存在,如,例如更好的声学性质、抗UV性,抗IR性等。通常,聚合物中间层包含至少一个PVB层。聚合物中间层的厚度为50μm至4mm。通常,其厚度小于1mm。在机动车辆窗玻璃中,聚合物中间层的厚度通常为0.76mm。当窗玻璃的构成玻璃片材是非常薄时,可以有利地使用厚度大于1mm,甚至大于2或3mm的聚合物片材,以便为层压窗赋予刚性,而不造成过大的增重。
本发明的目的也是获得根据本发明的层压窗玻璃的方法,其包括使第一和第二玻璃片材同时弯曲的步骤,第二玻璃片材的离子交换步骤和将两个玻璃片材与聚合物中间层组装的步骤。
根据本发明的窗玻璃的构成玻璃片材可以根据不同的已知方法进行制备,如漂浮方法(或“浮法”),在该方法中将熔融玻璃倾倒到熔融锡浴上,和在两辊之间的轧制方法(或"熔融拉制"),在该方法中熔融玻璃从通道溢出并且能通过重力形成片材,或者“向下拉制”方法,在该方法中熔融玻璃经由狭缝向下流动,然后被拉伸到所需厚度,并同时进行冷却。
第一和第二玻璃片材的弯曲步骤同时进行。两个玻璃片材在弯曲用框架或构架中彼此重叠放置,较薄的玻璃片材是离构架最远的在上面的玻璃片材。因此将整体引入到弯曲用炉中。该两个片材通过滑石粉、方解石类型粉状剂或陶瓷粉末进行分隔,以避免摩擦作用和片材粘在另一片材上。如此进行的弯曲是通过重力和/或通过压制的成形。
第二玻璃片材经受的离子交换通常通过将所述片材放置在填充有所希望碱金属离子的熔融盐的浴中,例如在硝酸钾浴中来进行。这种交换通常在低于玻璃的转变温度并低于浴槽的降解温度的温度下进行,有利地在低于490℃的温度下进行。离子交换的持续时间小于24小时。然而,适当的是,该交换时间是更短的以与用于制备用于机动车辆的层压窗玻璃的方法的生产率相容。处理的持续时间有利地小于或等于4小时,优选小于或等于2小时。交换温度和持续时间将根据玻璃的组成,玻璃片材的厚度以及所希望的应力水平进行调节。有利地,离子交换之后可以是热处理步骤,以减少在中心处的拉伸应力并提高压缩深度。
然后组装步骤在于通过在高压釜中加压并升高温度来组装两个玻璃片材与热塑性中间层。
根据本发明的层压窗玻璃有利地构成用于机动车辆的窗玻璃。在与聚合物中间层组装以形成根据本发明的窗玻璃之前,将第一片硅钠钙型第一片材和更薄的硅铝酸盐类型第二片材一起进行弯曲。第二片材是在弯曲用框架中在上方的片材。一旦安装到交通工具中,该第二玻璃片材有利地对应于内部玻璃片材,即被设置朝向乘客舱的内部的片材。因此,第一玻璃片材是被设置朝向外部的玻璃片材。因此,玻璃片材可以在弯曲步骤之后直接进行组装,而不需要翻转玻璃片材的顺序。
如果有色薄玻璃片材必须位于乘客舱的外部,也可以在弯曲步骤之后反转两个玻璃片材。
以下实施例举例说明本发明,而不限制其范围。
根据本发明的窗玻璃已由具有不同组成的不同玻璃片材进行制备。
已制备用于第二玻璃片材的不同组合物,并在下表中给出:
Ex.1 | Ex.2 | Ex.3 | Ex.4 | Ex.5 | Ex.6 | Ex.7 | Ex.8 | Ex.9 | |
SiO<sub>2</sub> | 62.37 | 61.35 | 62.34 | 61.57 | 61.69 | 59.41 | 63.34 | 64.25 | 60.23 |
Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | 7.89 | 7.80 | 7.93 | 7.86 | 7.84 | 7.57 | 2.58 | 2.56 | 7.59 |
MgO | 8.43 | 8.35 | 8.41 | 8.38 | 8.85 | 6.44 | 9.26 | 8.06 | 8.17 |
Na<sub>2</sub>O | 11.75 | 11.75 | 11.85 | 11.55 | 11.75 | 11.10 | 9.34 | 9.38 | 11.53 |
K<sub>2</sub>O | 9.51 | 9.68 | 9.21 | 9.27 | 9.71 | 9.12 | 8.40 | 8.64 | 9.35 |
总Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | 0.05 | 1.07 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 5.04 | 5.62 | 5.66 | 1.62 |
CoO | - | - | 0.21 | 1.31 | 0.11 | 0.55 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 1.51 |
NiO | - | - | - | - | - | 0.77 | 0.86 | 0.85 | - |
氧化还原因子 | 0.5 | 0.17 | 0.46 | n.d. | 0.306 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.10 |
总和 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
表1
n.d.:未测定
Ex10 | Ex11 | Ex12 | Ex13 | Ex14 | |
SiO<sub>2</sub> | 58.79 | 59.90 | 56.41 | 58.20 | 60.11 |
Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | 7.51 | 8.57 | 11.54 | 7.96 | 7.10 |
MgO | 7.97 | 8.12 | 7.20 | 7.70 | 8.77 |
Na<sub>2</sub>O | 11.14 | 11.12 | 10.13 | 10.74 | 8.71 |
K<sub>2</sub>O | 9.20 | 9.55 | 8.27 | 8.72 | 7.93 |
总Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | 5.39 | 2.74 | 4.97 | 5.03 | 5.94 |
CoO | - | - | 0.71 | 0.90 | 0.60 |
NiO | - | - | 0.77 | 0.75 | 0.84 |
氧化还原因子 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.15 |
总和 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
表1-接上表。
对于0.7mm的玻璃片材厚度,测量样品的光学特性和光透射率。在380至780nm之间的光源A TLa下测量总的光透射系数。对于某些实施例,还指示了根据标准ISO 9050(ParryMoon空气质量1.5)在295至2500nm之间积分的总体能量透过率因子TE。
下表2显示了获得的结果:
Ex.1 | Ex.2 | Ex.3 | Ex.4 | Ex.5 | Ex.6 | Ex.7 | |
TLa (0.7 mm) | 90 | 88 | 25 | 0.8 | 45 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
TE(0.7mm) | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 14.6 | 12.7 |
L* | 14 | 95 | 60 | 15 | 75 | 8.5 | 7.6 |
a* | -8 | -1.9 | 12 | 101 | 1.5 | 3.9 | -3.6 |
b* | 1.5 | 1.2 | -50 | -98 | -30 | -17.5 | -6.5 |
表2
n.d.:未测定
Ex.8 | Ex.9 | Ex10 | Ex11 | Ex12 | Ex13 | Ex14 | |
TLa (0.7 mm) | 0.9 | 0.13 | 50 | 80 | 1.66 | 0.9 | 1.1 |
TE(0.7mm) | 14.4 | 30.8 | n.d. | n.d. | 13.5 | 10.9 | 12.8 |
L* | 9 | 0 | 75 | 92 | 14 | 9 | 10.6 |
a* | 1.6 | 58.8 | -7.4 | -4.3 | -7.8 | -2.8 | -7.6 |
b* | -14.6 | -55.1 | 30 | 7.6 | 1.2 | -8.4 | 0.8 |
表2-接上表
n.d.:未测定。
光学特征表明,作为着色剂的重量含量的函数,玻璃片材可具有非常不同的透射水平和非常不同的着色。实施例1,2,10和11是绿色玻璃。实施例3,4和5是蓝色玻璃,实施例6至9和12至14是黑色玻璃。
表3给出了,对于在上表中给出的每种组合物(测试样品的厚度为0.72mm),通过膨胀测定法获得的上限退火温度T(logη=13)的值,Littleton温度,玻璃粘度为10.3泊时的温度T(log η=7.6),以及在440℃的温度下进行4小时离子交换之后的交换深度。
实施例10至14是不符合本发明的实施例:对于所有这些样品,交换深度小于30μm。
根据本发明的窗玻璃通过使用具有以下组成的第一玻璃片材进行制备:
SiO2 71.50%
Na2O 14.10%
CaO 8.75%
Al2O3 0.80%
MgO 4.00%
K2O 0.25%
其它 0.6%。
对于T(logη=13)和T(logη=7.6),这种组合物的特征温度分别为545℃和725℃。因此,温度T(logη=10.3)为635℃。
非对称层压窗玻璃通过使用厚度为1.6mm的具有上述给出的硅钠钙组成的第一玻璃片材,厚度为0.76mm的PVB中间层和0.7mm厚的第二玻璃片材进行制造,第二玻璃片材的组成在表1中给出。
除了实施例12和14之外,上述实施例的所有组合物都具有小于30℃的在硅钠钙类型第一玻璃片材的温度T1(logη=10.3)和硅铝酸盐类型的第二玻璃片材的温度T2(logη=10.3)之间的温度差值(以绝对值表示),这使得该两块玻璃片材同时弯曲。
只有由根据本发明的第二玻璃片材制备的玻璃(实施例1至9)允许获得同时满足机械强度,着色和同时弯曲的可能性的层压窗玻璃。
Claims (34)
1.一种机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,特征在于其至少包含硅钠钙类型第一玻璃片材、聚合物中间层和第二玻璃片材,该第二玻璃片材为一种通过离子交换进行化学增强的具有铝硅酸盐组成的有色玻璃片材,并包含在如下定义的重量含量范围内的以下氧化物:
SiO2 59.20-68.00%
Al2O3 2.00-8.00%
MgO 如果Al2O3含量为5.00-8.00%并且如果SiO2/Al2O3比大于或等于7.8,则为6.00-9.00%,或如果Al2O3含量为2.00-5.00%并且如果SiO2/Al2O3比大于或等于24,则为8.00-10.00%,
Na2O 9.00-16.00%
K2O 5.00-11.00%
B2O3 0-3.00%
CaO 0-1.00%
和在如下定义的重量含量范围内的以下着色剂:
总Fe2O3 0.05-6.00%
CoO 0-2.00%
NiO 0-1.00%
Se 0-0.10%,
所述玻璃具有为0.10-0.65的氧化还原因子;
并且使所述第二玻璃片材设置朝向所述机动车辆的乘客舱的内部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,第二玻璃片材以小于1.00%的重量含量包含其它选自以下的着色剂:钒、铬、锰、铜、锡、镧系元素、银和钛的氧化物,和/或硫化物。
3.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,第二玻璃片材通过化学淬火进行增强,具有至少30μm的离子交换深度。
4.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,所述第一玻璃片材是包含在如下定义的重量含量范围内的以下氧化物的硅钠钙类型玻璃:
SiO2 65.00-75.00%
Na2O 10.00-20.00%
CaO 2.00-15.00%
Al2O3 0-5.00%
MgO 0-5.00%
K2O 0-5.00%。
5.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,其中对于每个玻璃片材,当粘度为1010.3泊时,在每个玻璃片材的温度T(log η=10.3)之间的差值以绝对值表示低于30℃。
6.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,所述第一玻璃片材具有最多2.1mm的厚度。
7.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,比第一玻璃片材更薄的所述第二玻璃片材具有最多1.5mm的厚度。
8.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,设置在两个玻璃片材之间的聚合物中间层由一个或多个热塑性材料层构成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,聚合物中间层的厚度为50μm至4mm。
10.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,其中对于每个玻璃片材,当粘度为1010.3泊时,在每个玻璃片材的温度T(log η=10.3)之间的差值以绝对值表示低于23℃。
11.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,所述第一玻璃片材具有最多1.6mm的厚度。
12.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,比第一玻璃片材更薄的所述第二玻璃片材具有最多1.1mm的厚度。
13.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,比第一玻璃片材更薄的所述第二玻璃片材具有低于1mm的厚度。
14.根据权利要求8所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,所述聚合物中间层由一个或多个由聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)或离聚物树脂制成的层形成。
15.一种机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,特征在于其至少包含硅钠钙类型第一玻璃片材、聚合物中间层和第二玻璃片材,该第二玻璃片材为一种通过离子交换进行化学增强的具有铝硅酸盐组成的有色玻璃片材,并包含在如下限定的重量含量范围内的以下氧化物:
SiO2 59.20-68.00%
Al2O3 3.00-8.00%
MgO 如果Al2O3含量为5.00-8.00%并且如果SiO2/Al2O3比大于或等于7.8,则为6.00-9.00%,或如果Al2O3含量为3.00-5.00%并且如果SiO2/Al2O3比大于或等于24,则为8.00-10.00%,
Na2O 9.00-16.00%
K2O 5.00-11.00%
B2O3 0-3.00%
CaO 0-1.00%
和在如下定义的重量含量范围内的以下着色剂:
总Fe2O3 0.05-6.00%
CoO 0-2.00%
NiO 0-1.00%
Se 0-0.10%,
所述玻璃具有为0.10-0.65的氧化还原因子;
并且使所述第二玻璃片材设置朝向所述机动车辆的乘客舱的内部。
16.根据权利要求15所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,第二玻璃片材以小于1.00%的重量含量包含其它选自以下的着色剂:钒、铬、锰、铜、锡、镧系元素、银和钛的氧化物,和/或硫化物。
17.根据前述权利要求15-16中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,第二玻璃片材通过化学淬火进行增强,具有至少30μm的离子交换深度。
18.根据权利要求15-16中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,所述第一玻璃片材是包含在如下定义的重量含量范围内的以下氧化物的硅钠钙类型玻璃:
SiO2 65.00-75.00%
Na2O 10.00-20.00%
CaO 2.00-15.00%
Al2O3 0-5.00%
MgO 0-5.00%
K2O 0-5.00%。
19.根据权利要求15至16中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,其中对于每个玻璃片材,当粘度为1010.3泊时,在每个玻璃片材的温度T(log η=10.3)之间的差值以绝对值表示低于30℃。
20.根据权利要求15至16中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,所述第一玻璃片材具有最多2.1mm的厚度。
21.根据权利要求15至16中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,比第一玻璃片材更薄的所述第二玻璃片材具有最多1.5mm的厚度。
22.根据权利要求15至16中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,设置在两个玻璃片材之间的聚合物中间层由一个或多个热塑性材料层构成。
23.根据权利要求22所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,聚合物中间层的厚度为50μm至4mm。
24.根据权利要求15至16中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,第二玻璃片材通过化学淬火进行增强,具有至少35μm的离子交换深度。
25.根据权利要求15至16中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,其中对于每个玻璃片材,当粘度为1010.3泊时,在每个玻璃片材的温度T(log η=10.3)之间的差值以绝对值表示低于23℃。
26.根据权利要求15至16中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,所述第一玻璃片材具有最多1.6mm的厚度。
27.根据权利要求15至16中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,比第一玻璃片材更薄的所述第二玻璃片材具有最多1.1mm的厚度。
28.根据权利要求15至16中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,比第一玻璃片材更薄的所述第二玻璃片材具有低于1mm的厚度。
29.根据权利要求22所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃,其特征在于,所述聚合物中间层由一个或多个由聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)或离聚物树脂制成的层形成。
30.用于制造根据权利要求1至29中任一项所述的机动车辆用层压窗玻璃的方法,其特征在于,其至少包括使第一和第二玻璃片材同时弯曲的步骤,第二玻璃片材的离子交换步骤和将两个玻璃片材与聚合物中间层组装的步骤。
31.根据权利要求30所述的方法,其特征在于,所述离子交换步骤在低于490℃的温度下进行小于24小时的时间段。
32.根据权利要求30和31中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在弯曲步骤期间,使比第一片材更薄的第二玻璃片材位于第一玻璃片材的上方。
33.根据权利要求31所述的方法,其特征在于,所述离子交换步骤在低于490℃的温度下进行小于或等于4小时的时间段。
34.根据权利要求31所述的方法,其特征在于,所述离子交换步骤在低于490℃的温度下进行小于或等于2小时的时间段。
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PCT/FR2016/053514 WO2017103528A1 (fr) | 2015-12-17 | 2016-12-16 | Verre mince coloré renforcé chimiquement |
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CA3129655C (en) | 2018-07-16 | 2023-01-03 | Corning Incorporated | Glass ceramic articles having improved properties and methods for making the same |
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US11802072B2 (en) | 2021-06-18 | 2023-10-31 | Corning Incorporated | Gold containing silicate glass |
US11597674B2 (en) | 2021-06-18 | 2023-03-07 | Corning Incorporated | Colored glass articles having improved mechanical durability |
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CN114133146B (zh) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-10-13 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 后盖的加工方法、后盖及终端设备 |
CN116409929A (zh) * | 2023-02-15 | 2023-07-11 | 清远南玻节能新材料有限公司 | 复合玻璃及其制备方法、应用和汽车车窗 |
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KR20180095582A (ko) | 2018-08-27 |
ES2755739T3 (es) | 2020-04-23 |
MX2018007324A (es) | 2018-09-06 |
US20180362390A1 (en) | 2018-12-20 |
FR3045596B1 (fr) | 2018-01-19 |
EP3390311A1 (fr) | 2018-10-24 |
RU2018126064A (ru) | 2020-01-20 |
CA3008324A1 (fr) | 2017-06-22 |
RU2018126064A3 (zh) | 2020-05-27 |
FR3045596A1 (fr) | 2017-06-23 |
JP2019503965A (ja) | 2019-02-14 |
JP6920300B2 (ja) | 2021-08-18 |
PL3390311T3 (pl) | 2020-01-31 |
PT3390311T (pt) | 2019-11-19 |
BR112018012092A2 (pt) | 2018-11-27 |
CN107108332A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
WO2017103528A1 (fr) | 2017-06-22 |
US11214508B2 (en) | 2022-01-04 |
RU2736837C2 (ru) | 2020-11-20 |
EP3390311B1 (fr) | 2019-08-14 |
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