CN107086124A - DSSC and its manufacture method - Google Patents
DSSC and its manufacture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107086124A CN107086124A CN201610954348.3A CN201610954348A CN107086124A CN 107086124 A CN107086124 A CN 107086124A CN 201610954348 A CN201610954348 A CN 201610954348A CN 107086124 A CN107086124 A CN 107086124A
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- graphene
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2022—Light-sensitive devices characterized by he counter electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/0029—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of DSSC and its manufacture method.The DSSC of the present invention includes a combined counter electrode, a working electrode and an electrolyte, and the wherein combined counter electrode includes a platinum layer and is arranged on the concrete dynamic modulus graphene layer of the platinum layer.Because the concrete dynamic modulus graphene layer has concrete dynamic modulus, therefore electron transmission can be increased, to improve the conversion efficiency of DSSC.
Description
Technical field
The present invention provides a kind of DSSC and its manufacture method, includes compound pair with high conductance
Electrode, there is concrete dynamic modulus graphene layer to be arranged on platinum layer for it, to increase the hole that electron transmission is used.
Background technology
DSSC have environmental protection, manufacturing cost it is low, not by Effect of Hyperthermic Environment, with the transparency and energy
As the advantage of pliability battery, it has been widely used and is a technology actively developing in industry.
DSSC primary structure is comprising working electrode, electrolyte and to be sequentially arranged two to electrode transparent
Between electrically-conductive backing plate.Wherein, photosensitizer (or photoinitiator dye) system is adsorbed on working electrode, to absorb luminous energy and be changed into electricity
Energy.And the photoelectric transformation efficiency and stability of DSSC how are effectively increased, substrate, working electrode, electricity
It is then a crucial factor to solve matter and material and architectural characteristic to electrode.
Substantially, working electrode is semiconductor Nanometer material, common such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO) and oxygen
Change tin (SnO2).Because photosensitizer is distributed among the semiconductor Nanometer material, if therefore the semiconductor Nanometer material table
If area is higher, the photosensitizer for adsorbing light is then more；And if the penetration of transparent conductive substrate is higher, incident light is got over
Many, then convertible electric energy is then higher.In addition, the common material to electrode includes carbon black, platinum (Pt) and conducting polymer, example
Such as PEDOT materials may be selected.
At present, graphene is used for the technical field of solar cell.It is former due to carbon material of the graphene for two dimension
Interlink to form structure as honeycomb between son, and rich in there is electronics, with characteristic electron, electronics can be allowed in freely being moved in layer
Move, therefore with good electric conductivity.And graphene is used for DSSC, it just can effectively lift opto-electronic conversion
Efficiency.
【The content of the invention】
The inventors have found that, though graphene has been used for the field of solar cell, graphene generally system is directly to apply
The interlayer of solar cell is overlying on, a film layer is formed, electric transmission is carried out by the hole of itself.
However, the inventors have found that, if graphene to be further formed to the interlayer of solar cell with overlapping fashion,
Higher reaction surface area can not only be provided by the hole of graphene in itself, photoelectric current is improved, more can be by graphene crossover
Between contact point form complete electronics path, electric transmission can be accelerated, and then effectively lift photoelectric transformation efficiency.
That is, the present invention provides a kind of DSSC, comprising：One combined counter electrode, comprising a platinum layer with
And it is arranged at the concrete dynamic modulus graphene layer on the platinum layer；One working electrode, wherein the concrete dynamic modulus graphene layer are located at the platinum
Between layer and the working electrode；And an electrolyte, between the working electrode and the combined counter electrode.
In preferred embodiment, the adhesive agent is the mixture of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and cellulose.
In preferred embodiment, the pore size in the concrete dynamic modulus graphene layer is 25~500nm.
In preferred embodiment, hole is 1nm~10 μm to the hollow bore size of a plurality of graphenes for it.
In preferred embodiment, wherein the working electrode is TiO2Working electrode, or be SnO2Working electrode, or be ZnO works
Make electrode.
In preferred embodiment, wherein the thickness of the concrete dynamic modulus graphene layer is 1~50 μm.
The method that present invention offer one kind prepares the combined counter electrode of used by dye sensitization solar battery as described above, it is wrapped
Contain：(a) platinum layer is provided；(b) a plurality of graphenes and an adhesive agent are mixed to get graphene slurries；And (c) should
After graphene slurries are coated to the platinum layer, dry the graphene slurries and obtain a concrete dynamic modulus graphene layer and be formed at the platinum
On layer, the combined counter electrode is formed.
In preferred embodiment, a plurality of graphenes are mixed with the adhesive agent system through ultrasonic.
In preferred embodiment, in the graphene slurries, the concentration of a plurality of graphenes is 0.01~10wt%.
The present invention provides a kind of manufacture method of DSSC, comprising：(a) prepared in the method for the present invention
One combined counter electrode；(b) working electrode is provided, wherein the porous graphene layer be located at the platinum layer and the working electrode it
Between；And (c) provides an electrolyte between the working electrode and the combined counter electrode.
In technical solution of the present invention, graphene is formed to the interlayer of solar cell with overlapping fashion, can not only be by
The hole of graphene in itself provides higher reaction surface area, improves photoelectric current, more can be by the contact between graphene crossover
Point forms complete electronics path, can accelerate electric transmission, and then effectively lift photoelectric transformation efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the DSSC of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the combined counter electrode of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the method for the combined counter electrode for preparing used by dye sensitization solar battery of the present invention.
In figure：1 combined counter electrode
3 concrete dynamic modulus graphene layers
5 platinum layers
7 graphenes
9 holes
11 adhesive agents
13 graphene slurries
15 electrically-conductive backing plates
17 working electrodes
19 electrolyte
Embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of DSSC, comprising：One combined counter electrode, comprising a platinum layer and sets
The concrete dynamic modulus graphene layer being placed on the platinum layer；One working electrode, wherein the concrete dynamic modulus graphene layer be located at the platinum layer with
Between the working electrode；And an electrolyte, between the working electrode and the combined counter electrode.As shown in figure 1, two is conductive
The DSSC of the present invention is provided between substrate 15, it includes combined counter electrode 1, electrolyte 19 and working electrode
17；Wherein, combined counter electrode 1 includes graphene layer 3 and platinum layer 5, and the graphene layer 3 is the characteristic with concrete dynamic modulus.
Above-mentioned concrete dynamic modulus graphene layer 3 is to overlap each other a plurality of graphenes through adhesive agent to attach to the platinum layer
On 5.As shown in Fig. 2 a plurality of graphenes 7 are to overlap each other to attach on the platinum layer 5, fixed by adhesive agent 11, plural number
Individual graphene 7 each other have hole 9, the size of hole 9 be 25~500nm, such as 25nm, 30nm, 50nm, 80nm,
100nm, 150nm, 200nm, 250nm, 300nm, 350nm, 400nm, 450nm or 500nm；If the pore size is too small, stone
The catalytic active center that black alkene 7 exposes is very few without good；If the hole of graphene 7 fruit is big, cause electric conductivity low on the contrary, therefore graphite
The hole of alkene 7 should be preferred with above range, could provide larger electrolyte adsorption area, and increase the transmission efficiency of electronics,
Effectively lift photoelectric transformation efficiency.
Above-mentioned adhesive agent is the mixture of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and cellulose.Due to polyvinylidene fluoride
(PVDF) and cellulose is the material for preparing perforated membrane, beneficial to forming mushy material.Sent out in addition, being tested through inventor
It is existing, compared to other polymers are used, when being mixed using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and cellulose with graphene, it can prepare
The graphene layer of pore size as defined above, in favor of electron transmission.Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and cellulose can be mixed
Other solvents of arranging in pairs or groups are used, such as water, N- methyl -2- Pyrrolizidines ketone (NMP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), DMA
(DMAc), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, tetramethylurea, trimethyl phosphate, oneself
The fat such as alkane, pentane, benzene, toluene, methanol, ethanol, carbon tetrachloride, o-dichlorobenzene, trichloro ethylene, the polyethylene glycol of low molecule amount
Fat race hydrocarbon, aromatic series hydrocarbon, chlorination hydrocarbon or other chlorination organic liquids etc..
0.02~10 μm of the length and width of above-mentioned a plurality of graphenes, thickness about 2~10nm, hole 1nm~10 μm
And specific surface area 10m2/ g~1000m2/g.The length and width of the graphene can such as 0.02 μm, 1 μm, 3 μm, 5 μm, 7 μm or
10μm.The thickness of the graphene can such as 2nm, 3nm, 4nm, 5nm, 6nm, 7nm, 8nm, 9nm or 10nm.Hole on the graphene
Hole can such as 1nm, 5nm, 10nm, 50nm, 100nm, 200nm, 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm,
900nm, 1000nm, 1.5 μm, 2 μm, 3 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 9 μm or 10 μm；Specific surface area can such as 10m2/
g、20m2/g、50m2/g、70m2/g、100m2/g、150m2/g、200m2/g、250m2/g、300m2/g、350m2/g、400m2/g、
450m2/g、500m2/g、550m2/g、600m2/g、650m2/g、700m2/g、750m2/g、800m2/g、850m2/g、900m2/g、
950m2/ g or 1000m2/g。
Above-mentioned working electrode can be TiO2、ZnO、SnO2、Nb2O5、In2O3、CdS、ZnS、CdSe、GaP、CdTe、
MoSe2、WO3、KTaO3、ZrO2、SrTiO3、WSe2、SiO2, CdS or its combination, and using working electrode as TiO2Working electrode,
Or be SnO2Working electrode, or be ZnO working electrodes.It is preferred.In addition, the working electrode is added with photosensitizer, it includes
Machine metal misfit thing, such as organic ruthenium metal series or sclererythrin series, or indoles series, cumarin series, cyanine series or sieve
Red bright organic dyestuff.
Above-mentioned electrolyte can be general electrolyte, and it includes liquid electrolyte, colloidal electrolyte or solid electrolyte.
Wherein, electrolyte system uses redox electrolyte, and redox ion is to Huo Qi etc. such as iodine, iron, tin, bromine, chromium, anthraquinone
Combination, preferably iodine system and bromine system electrolyte, such as KI, iodate dimethyl propyl imidazoles, lithium iodide or iodine it
Mixture.The electrolyte of the present invention comprising nitrile, amide-type, ethers, carbonic ester lactone or its etc. combination, such as acetonitrile, first
Epoxide acetonitrile, propionitrile, 3- methoxypropionitriles, benzonitrile, diethyl ether, 1,2- dimethoxy-ethanes, tetrahydrofuran, N, N- dimethyl
Formamide, DMAC N,N' dimethyl acetamide, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolacton or gamma-valerolactone.In addition, gel
Shape electrolyte system, which utilizes, can add gelating agent, polymer etc. in electrolyte, gel-like electrolyte is presented；And solid electrolyte system
The polymer such as the electrolyte collocation polyethylene oxide derivant using oxidation-reduction quality.
The thickness of the above-mentioned concrete dynamic modulus graphene layer is 1~50 μm, such as 1 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μ
M, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm or 50 μm.When the thickness of the concrete dynamic modulus graphene layer is less than 10nm, it is impossible to effectively produce hole
Gap, it is impossible to help electric transmission, and higher than 200nm, because graphene layer is blocked up, then can reduce electric transmission, the two can all drop
Low conversion efficiency.
The method of the combined counter electrode for preparing above-mentioned used by dye sensitization solar battery of the present invention, it is included：(a) carry
For a platinum layer；(b) a plurality of graphenes and an adhesive agent are mixed to get graphene slurries；And (c) starches the graphene
After liquid is coated to the platinum layer, dry the graphene slurries and obtain a concrete dynamic modulus graphene layer and be formed on the platinum layer, shape
Into the combined counter electrode.As shown in figure 3, a plurality of graphenes 7, which are placed in adhesive agent 11, is mixed to form graphene slurries 13, the stone
Black alkene slurries 13 are coated to platinum layer 5, and drying forms graphene layer 3.
In above-mentioned step (b), ultrasonic mixing or mixer can be used in the hybrid mode of the graphene slurries, with Supersonic
Ripple is mixed into preferably.
In above-mentioned step (c), the coating method of the graphene slurries includes spin coating method, bar-shaped cladding process or scraper
The methods such as cladding process, are preferred with spin coating method.And dry the temperature of the graphene slurries for 100~500 DEG C and time 10~
60 minutes, such as 100 DEG C, 150 DEG C, 200 DEG C, 250 DEG C, 300 DEG C, 350 DEG C, 400 DEG C, 450 DEG C, 500 DEG C；10 points, 20 points, 30
Point, 40 points, 50 points or 60 points.
In above-mentioned graphene slurries, the concentration of a plurality of graphenes is 0.01~10wt%, such as 0.01wt%,
1wt%, 2wt%, 3wt%, 4wt%, 5wt%, 6wt%, 7wt%, 8wt%, 9wt% or 10wt%.When graphene slurries
In, graphene concentration is less than 0.01wt%, and due to lacking graphene, the density of graphene is too low, therefore, it is difficult to produce crossover, enters
And be difficult to produce hole；And when being higher than 10wt%, the density that graphene is overlapped each other is too high, then graphene may be made to produce heap
Stack phenomenon, is also difficult to produce hole, this two kinds of situations can all reduce the conversion efficiency of DSSC.
A kind of manufacture method of DSSC, comprising：(a) one compound pair is prepared with above-mentioned preparation method
Electrode；(b) working electrode is provided, the wherein concrete dynamic modulus graphene layer is located between the platinum layer and the working electrode；And
(c) electrolyte is provided between the working electrode and the combined counter electrode.Wherein, the working electrode and electricity in the manufacture method
Solve the species of matter working electrode and electrolyte same as above.
The DSSC of the present invention can accelerate due to the combined counter electrode with concrete dynamic modulus graphene
Electron transmission, lifts photoelectric transformation efficiency.
[specific embodiment]
Hereinafter, disclosed content will especially be described using specific embodiment.However, disclosed
Content be not restricted to following example.
Embodiment 1- prepares combined counter electrode 1
By a plurality of graphenes (about 5 μm of length and width；Thickness about 2~10nm；20~40m of specific surface area2/ g) insert
In polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), graphene slurries are formed, the concentration for making graphene is 0.05wt%.It is equal using ultrasonic vibrating
After even mixing 60 minutes, the graphene slurries are coated to about 100 μm of platinum layers of thickness using spin coater, form thick
About 10 μm of graphene layers are spent, in being dried at temperature 100 DEG C 60 minutes, combined counter electrode 1 are formed.
Embodiment 2- prepares combined counter electrode 2
Combined counter electrode 2 is prepared, its manufacture method is in the graphene slurries that configure with profit 1, difference is implemented, graphite
The concentration of alkene is 1.00wt%.
Embodiment 3- prepares combined counter electrode 3
Combined counter electrode 3 is prepared, its manufacture method is in the graphene slurries that configure with profit 1, difference is implemented, graphite
The concentration of alkene is 5.00wt%.
Embodiment 4- prepares combined counter electrode 4
Combined counter electrode 4 is prepared, its manufacture method is in the graphene slurries that configure with profit 1, difference is implemented, graphite
The concentration of alkene is 7.00wt%.
Embodiment 5- prepares combined counter electrode 5
Combined counter electrode 5 is prepared, its manufacture method is in the graphene slurries that configure with profit 1, difference is implemented, graphite
The concentration of alkene is 10.00wt%.
Compare preparation example 1- and prepare combined counter electrode 6
Combined counter electrode 6 is prepared, its manufacture method is in the graphene slurries that configure with profit 1, difference is implemented, graphite
The concentration of alkene is 0.005wt%.
Compare preparation example 2- and prepare combined counter electrode 7
Combined counter electrode 7 is prepared, its manufacture method is in the graphene slurries that configure with profit 1, difference is implemented, graphite
The concentration of alkene is 20wt%.
Compare preparation example 3- and prepare combined counter electrode 8
By a plurality of graphenes (about 5 μm of length and width；Thickness about 2~10nm；20~40m of specific surface area2/ g) insert
In isopropanol, graphene slurries are formed, the concentration of its graphene is 0.05wt%.Uniformly mixed using ultrasonic vibrating 60 minutes
Afterwards, the graphene slurries are coated to about 100 μm of platinum layers of thickness using spin coater, forms about 25 μm of graphite of thickness
Alkene layer, dries, forms combined counter electrode 6 for 60 minutes in temperature 100 DEG C.
Compare preparation example 4- and prepare combined counter electrode 9
Combined counter electrode 9 is prepared, its manufacture method is with comparing preparation example 1, and difference is in the graphene slurries that configure,
The concentration of graphene is 5wt%.
Embodiment 6 prepares DSSC 1 to 5 to 10-
Sealed respectively using embodiment 6 to 10 to being set between electrode and working electrode (strong ancient cooking vessel science and technology Tripod tech)
Film is filled, after packaging by hot pressing, electrolyte (photochemistry, colloidal state electrolyte EL-300 forever) is injected, the dye sensitization sun is formed
Energy battery 1 to 5, the effect test result difference of its grade is as shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1 prepares DSSC 6 to 10 to 5-
To compare respectively preparation example 1 to 4 to electrode, platinum layer and a working electrode (strong ancient cooking vessel science and technology Tripod tech)
Between encapsulating film is set, after packaging by hot pressing, by electrolyte (photochemistry, colloidal state electrolyte EL-300 forever) inject, formed dye
Expect sensitization solar battery 6 to 10, the effect test result difference of its grade is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
As shown in table 1, comparative example 1 and 2 is compared with embodiment 1 to 5 and can learnt, when graphene concentration is 0.05~10wt%
Between when, the conversion efficiency of DSSC is preferable.Comparative example 3 and 4 is compared with embodiment 1 to 5 to be learnt, when making
During with isopropanol as adhesive agent, the hole of graphene layer is then unable to reach between 10~500nm, causes dye sensitization of solar
The conversion efficiency of battery is not good.Comparative example 10 is compared with embodiment 1 to 5 to be learnt, when platinum layer does not have graphene layer,
The conversion efficiency of DSSC is then relatively low.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of DSSC, it is characterised in that：Comprising：
One combined counter electrode, includes a platinum layer and the concrete dynamic modulus graphene layer being arranged on the platinum layer；
One working electrode, wherein the concrete dynamic modulus graphene layer are located between the platinum layer and the working electrode；And
One electrolyte, between the working electrode and the combined counter electrode.
2. DSSC according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The adhesive agent system polyvinylidene fluoride
(PVDF) with the mixture of cellulose.
3. DSSC according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The concrete dynamic modulus graphene series of strata are by multiple
Several graphenes, which are overlapped each other, to be formed, and is 25~500nm with pore size.
4. DSSC according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The hollow hole of a plurality of graphenes
Hole size is 1nm~10 μm.
5. DSSC according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The working electrode is TiO2Work electricity
Pole, or be SnO2Working electrode, or be ZnO working electrodes.
6. DSSC according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The thickness of the concrete dynamic modulus graphene layer
For 1~50 μm.
7. the method that one kind prepares the combined counter electrode of used by dye sensitization solar battery as claimed in claim 1, its feature
It is to include：
(a) platinum layer is provided；
(b) a plurality of graphenes and an adhesive agent are mixed to get graphene slurries；And
(c) after the graphene slurries are coated to the platinum layer, the graphene slurries is dried and obtain a concrete dynamic modulus graphene layer
It is formed on the platinum layer, forms the combined counter electrode.
8. method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：A plurality of graphenes pass through ultrasonic with the adhesive agent system
Mixing.
9. method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：In the graphene slurries, the concentration of a plurality of graphenes
For 0.01~10wt%.
10. a kind of manufacture method of DSSC, it is characterised in that：Comprising：
(a) combined counter electrode is prepared in the method for claim 7；
(b) working electrode is provided, the wherein concrete dynamic modulus graphene layer is located between the platinum layer and the working electrode；And
(c) electrolyte is provided between the working electrode and the combined counter electrode.
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