CN107018788A - A kind of cultural method for lifting fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method for lifting fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel Download PDFInfo
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- CN107018788A CN107018788A CN201710372571.1A CN201710372571A CN107018788A CN 107018788 A CN107018788 A CN 107018788A CN 201710372571 A CN201710372571 A CN 201710372571A CN 107018788 A CN107018788 A CN 107018788A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of implantation methods for lifting fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel, methods described comprises the steps：(1) selected target plot, is turned over to target plot, and certain insulating space is reserved around the target plot；(2) to turning over after target plot impose base manure；(3) region division is carried out to target plot, is divided into some sub- plot；(4) it is spaced at predetermined time intervals, the sowing of fresh edible maize is carried out in one piece of sub- plot；(5) in the corn pollination phase, judge that whether abundant pollination is according to weather conditions, artificial supplementary pollination is carried out if insufficient；(6) corn harvesting is carried out in batches.In order to strengthen fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel, present inventor has carried out substantial amounts of trial, by different fertilization mode and dose, so as to be found that a kind of cultural method for improving fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel in Huang-Huai-Hai Shajiang black soil ground.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of agriculture, and in particular to a kind of arable farming and farming technology, the technology can be to carrying
High agricultural performance, promote agricultural economy more preferably, quickly development have great importance.
Background technology
Fresh edible maize refers to corn of the edible part for immature young okra fruit grain, mainly including corn, waxy corn and
Bamboo shoot corn three major types type.Fresh edible maize is nutritious, and protein, amino acid, the content of vitamin and mineral element are above general
Logical corn, and with a variety of medicinal health care functions, obesity can be prevented and treated by often eating fresh edible maize, be reduced blood pressure and blood fat, also
Intestines problem and cancer can be prevented, health-care effect is good.
Corn is the abbreviation of saccharoid type corn, is to be mutated by plain edition corn producer, through long-term isolation and selection
Into a corn subspecies (type).Sucrose, glucose, maltose, fructose and melitose contained by corn are all human bodies
The nutriment easily absorbed.Waxy corn is also known as glutinous corn.The seed of Waxy Maize sticks soft delicate fragrance, thin skin without slag, content
It is many, contain more rich nutriment and more preferable palatability than conventional corn.Bamboo shoot corn refer to pluck just take out filigree and not
A class corn for the purpose of the young okra fruit fringe of fertilization.Bamboo shoot corn nourishment enriches, and protein content is higher, amino acid needed by human body ratio
Relatively balance, be a kind of low in calories, high-cellulose, the Good quality vegetables without cholesterol.Bamboo shoot corn, which is currently used primarily in, pickles bubble
Dish, fresh bamboo shoot quick-fried, making can, tune mix salad romaine lettuce etc..
At present, in western developed country, fresh edible maize has formd one and has integrated cultivation, research and development and service direction
Huge enterprise system, year 1000000000 dollars of wound output value number.In recent years, China's fresh edible maize cultivated area is with 31% annual growth
Quick increase, at present about 500~6,000,000 mu.With the increase of yield, fresh-keeping and cultivation technique requirement is also increasingly compeled
Cut.However, China is as Maize Production big country, the wide in range words of fresh edible maize cultivation technical specification standard comparing do not embody really
The economic benefit for going out the importance of fresh edible maize cultivation and being brought.
And Anhui Province's wheat/corn planting area soil belongs to Shajiang black soil, the type soil be as general as " drought, flood, it is stiff,
It is thin ", the corn planted is mainly used in feed or reprocessing, for this corn variety higher to quality requirements of fresh edible maize
For, the research such as Yao great Nian thinks that genotypic variation is more than environmental modification on most quality traits, but environmental modification is at some
Effect on quality trait is larger.Also, inventor on the ground, is also tested for many years in Shajiang black soil, discovery is even adopted
With the preferable fresh edible maize kind of quality characteristic, planted using normal tillage method, mouthfeel and indices also can be by
To influence.The present inventor starches the feature of blackland for Anhui Province sand ginger, by different fertilization mode cultivating fresh edible corns, and
Starch, protein, lysine, the fatty equal size of each displaying corn variety seed are determined using near-infrared spectral analysis technology,
And then the quality and mouthfeel of fresh edible maize are improved, improve the economic benefit of fresh edible maize.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of implantation methods of fresh edible maize.
A kind of fresh edible maize cultural method provided by the present invention can adjust the quality and mouthfeel of fresh edible maize.The present invention
Involved fresh edible maize cultural method, it is adaptable to Huang-Huai-Hai south sandy loess.The present invention is guarantee fresh edible maize
Edible quality, when selection of land is planted, will strictly isolate with other type corn varieties, to avoid because mutually going here and there powder and reduction product
Matter.The present invention is isolated in plantation using space every discrete time.Preferably the isolation of space.
Specifically, the present invention provides a kind of implantation methods for lifting fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel, it is characterised in that：Institute
The method of stating comprises the steps：
(1) selected target plot, is turned over to target plot, and certain insulating space is reserved around the target plot；
(2) to turning over after target plot impose base manure；
(3) region division is carried out to target plot, is divided into some sub- plot；
(4) it is spaced at predetermined time intervals, the sowing of fresh edible maize is carried out in one piece of sub- plot；
(5) in the corn pollination phase, judge that whether abundant pollination is according to weather conditions, human assistance is carried out if insufficient and is awarded
Powder；
(6) corn harvesting is carried out in batches.
In a kind of preferred implementation, before planting, by the bactericide and/or insecticide and corn seed of scheduled volume
It is well mixed.
In another preferred implementation, methods described is included in harvest time, is being pollinated for the fresh edible maize of spring sowing
Harvested within 17~22 days afterwards, the sweet food corn broadcast in summer and autumn is harvested for 20~26 days after pollination.
In another preferred implementation, methods described also includes determining 5 centimetres of deep hypothermias, when low temperature reaches 10-
Sowed at 12 degrees Celsius.
In another preferred implementation, the headspace is arbitrarily while stretching out from the target plot
300-400 meters.
In another preferred implementation, the target plot is in Shajiang black soil ground.
In another preferred implementation, methods described be additionally included in area of isolation carry out non-corn crop plantation or
Carry out the plantation of poor phase of corn crop.
In another preferred implementation, methods described is also included relative to traditional fertilization mode, carries out Application Ratio
Adjustment.
The present invention ploughs 20~30 centimetres in time after using sufficient base manure, preceding crop harvest, uses sufficient base manure with reference to ploughing, typically
40 kilograms of every mu of 1000~1500 kilograms of organic fertilizer, 40~60 kilograms of composite fertilizer or corn fertilizer make base manure.
In another optimal technical scheme of the present invention, planting density is selected according to kind and purposes.According to kind
Characteristic and sowing time, typically in medium fertility soil, 3500~6000 plants/acre are planted, autumn sowing density, which is more than, sows in spring.Early cooked food
The planting density planted is more than late variety.
Interval sowing in another precedence technique scheme of the present invention.Sowed for 1 phase every 5 days or 10 days.Can sow in spring,
Summer sowing and autumn sowing, and early, middle and late ripe variety matching, extend the market supply time.
Another optimal technical scheme of the present invention is that, in 7~9 leaf of corn, every mu imposes 20 kilograms or so of urea, as far as possible
Open cave deep placement.
In another optimal technical scheme, methods described also include judging planted corn variety belong to corn, it is glutinous
Corn or bamboo shoot corn, if belonging to corn, N, P, K ratio of topdressing used when topdressing is 15:10:20, if belonging to
What waxy corn was then used when topdressing topdresses N, P, K ratio for 15:20:10；If belonging to bamboo shoot corn, used when topdressing
N, P, K ratio of topdressing for 25:10:10.
Preferably, topdress and carried out in the jointing stage, that is, completion is topdressed in 25~30 days after emerging, and is hereafter no longer topdressed.
The invention mainly includes：
In terms of basic cultivation, the present invention is on the basis of from improved seeds, it is determined that plants Suitable Density, suitably broadcast
Phase, suitable seeding method and improve seeding quality, optimization field management technology premised on, it is proposed that with reference to fertilizer application method with
The fresh edible maize technology path set up based on efficient colony, " to kind ,+Suitable Density+uses sufficient base manure+by stages to Demonstration And Extension for choosing
Sowing+in time topdress and supple-mentary pollination principle+pest and disease damage Unifying control+in good time harvest " Optimal Cultivation Techniques pattern.Pass through
Demonstration and training, hence it is evident that improve the modern agriculture technology awareness and fresh edible maize cultivation technique level of local farmers.
In addition, in order to strengthen fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel, present inventor has carried out substantial amounts of trial, by not
Same fertilization mode and dose, so as to invent a kind of raising fresh edible maize quality in Huang-Huai-Hai Shajiang black soil ground
With the cultural method of mouthfeel.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is harvest corn, stalk crushing flow diagram and corn straw smashing stubble-cleaning flow diagram；
Fig. 2 is the work of the integrated seeding method of corn straw smashing returning and wheat rotary tillage ferti-seeding suppression of soil
Industry figure；
Fig. 3, which is that wheat is cultivated, to be broadcast and soil depth schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the design sketch that rotary tillage ditching ferti-seeding suppression of soil integrated machine insemination and emergence and strong sprout grow；
Fig. 5 is split plot experiment diagram；
Fig. 6 is the measure of the sugar content of Anhui sweet tea 210.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is described in detail, but not therefore by the protection model of the present invention
Enclose and be limited among the scope of embodiment description.
In conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, and the experimental method in following embodiments is as without especially
Illustrate, be conventional method.
First, fresh edible maize is cultivated
Variety selection
The species of fresh edible maize is more and great variety of goods, to be eaten raw in plantation according to the autotelic selection plantation of different purposes
Corn variety.When being such as used for quick-frozen and canned sweet corn kernel processing, preferably from reinforcement corn or common Sweet corn variety,
Grain color is into foresythia after the processing of sweet corn of both types, and pericarp is soft, and sugariness is suitable and with waxy, both can use when edible
Oily salt is cooked also can cold and dressed with sauce salad.The kind applied in production at present, corn have Anhui sweet tea 210, Guangdong sweet tea 16, green superman,
Wide sweet tea 5, Xin Meixiazhen etc., waxy corn has glutinous No. 11 of Suyunuo No.5, Su Yu, capital section glutinous 2000, wind glutinous 2146, glutinous No. 5 of Anhui
Deng bamboo shoot corn variety You Jing sections bamboo shoot 116, Shandong bamboo shoot jade No. one etc..The present invention selects Anhui sweet tea 210, Suyunuo No.5 in experiment in cultivation
Contrast experiment is carried out respectively with capital section 116 3 kinds of bamboo shoot.
Select soil
First, the plantation of fresh edible maize there are certain requirements to planting site selection, and planting site is preferably isolator or half isolates
Space.
Because the sweet tea of fresh edible maize, glutinous gene belong to the cryptic mutant of Endosperm Traits.When Sweety and waxy corn and commonly
When corn or different types of fresh edible maize are mutually pollinated, Metaxenia can be produced, causes the contemporary seed tied to lose
It is sweet tea, waxy, become conventional corn quality.Therefore, be ensure fresh edible maize edible quality, when selection of land is planted, with it is other
Type corn variety is strictly isolated, to avoid reducing quality because mutually going here and there powder.Partition method production on using space isolation and
Time isolates.Preferably the isolation of space.
(1) spaces isolate
It is required that other type corn varieties are not planted in the range of 300~400 meters of growing area periphery, if any forest, hummock
Etc. the natural cover for defense, it can suitably shorten isolation spacing.
(2) the times isolate
If space isolation can not be carried out, the time should be taken to isolate the method for (staggering sowing time) to avoid and other kinds
Flower synchronization, the interval time in sowing time of 2 different type corn varieties is generally 20~30 days.As large area is planted in flakes
Corn, can suitably reduce isolation standard.In a word, not make two class zasiokaurins meet as principle.
Because fresh edible maize (particularly super-sweet corn) general seed of seed is small compared with flat, grain, germination, talent arch soil are emerged than general
Logical corn seed is difficult, thus to select that the soil is porous, fertile soil, the convenient plot of irrigation and drainage, fine site preparation.
Ploughing soil
20~30 centimetres are ploughed in time after preceding crop harvest, base manure is used sufficient with reference to ploughing, general every mu of organic fertilizer
40 kilograms of 1000~1500 kilograms, 40~60 kilograms of composite fertilizer or corn fertilizer make base manure.Present inventor is by changing
Become fertilization mode, fertilization mode by original Dressing ratios 5:5 are adjusted to Dressing ratios 6:4, i.e., every mu is applied 60 jin of base manure, is topdressed
40 jin, and topdress in jointing stage progress, that is, completion is topdressed in 25~30 days after emerging, and is hereafter no longer topdressed.
Plantation
After ploughing soil and fertilising, the plantation of corn is carried out.
The planting density arrangement of fresh edible maize will not only consider high yield requirement, it is often more important that consider its commodity value.
Planting density is relevant with kind and purposes.According to breediness and sowing time, in medium fertility soil, plantation with 3500~
6000 plants/acre are advisable, and spring sowing density wants smaller, and autumn sowing density will be more greatly.The planting density of early-maturing variety is more than late variety
Planting density.
Line-spacing plantation, 60 centimetres of the line-spacing such as take, or carry out 80~40 centimetres of size rows plantations, depending on spacing in the rows is with density.
Interval sowing
Plantation fresh edible maize mainly commercially sells fresh and tender fruit ear or supply factory process tinned food, this and plantation
Conventional corn is entirely different, meanwhile, it can not be put long after fresh edible maize harvesting.Therefore, plantation fresh edible maize will be according to the need in market
Measure and carry out interval sowing with the working ability of factory, order, typically sowed for 1 phase every 5 days or 10 days.Can sow in spring,
Summer sowing and autumn sowing, and early, middle and late ripe variety matching, extend the market supply time.
Sow in spring and require that 5 centimetres of ground temperature are stable more than 10 (waxy corn)~12 DEG C (corn) earliest.Covering with ground sheeting, then carry
Sow within first 7~15 days.Or, it would however also be possible to employ sowing is done sth. in advance in the measure such as presoaking and germinating or feeding block seedlings raising.
For such as Huanghuai Area, such as, Anhui Province can be on it carry out mulching planting by the end of March or at the beginning of 4 months, can do sth. in advance
City.As long as autumn planting at the latest date of seeding can guarantee that pustulation period temperature more than 18 DEG C, fresh fringe can harvest normally.Sowing is too early, soil
Temperature is low, and germination and emergence is slow, and easy rotten kind causes to be short of seedling.Every bunch planting kind 2~3, depth of planting is slightly more shallow than conventional corn, and general 3~4
Cm, answers timely earthing and fine smooth furrow face after sowing.Spring rainy easily rotten kind, Drought in Autumn difficulty is emerged.Sowing in spring will
Note dropping stain, autumn sowing will do a good job of it drought resisting.Furrow irrigation is taken, never flood irrigation, exclude field accumulated water after filling in time.
Field management
(1) thinnings, final singling：After emerging, seedling should be looked into time and filled the gaps with seedlings.The thinning when 3~4 leaves of seedling, when 5~6 leaves
Final singling.Between final singling principle be except it is big, except it is small, stay centre, it is ensured that full field seedling uniformity.
(2) topdresses on the basis of base manure is used sufficient in time, topdresses in time.Typically in 7~9 leaf of corn, every mu imposes urine
20 kilograms or so of element, opens cave deep placement as far as possible.
(3) rows of filling in time, seedling stage of taking precautions against drought can suitably control water restraining the growth of seedlings, and soil moisture should be maintained at field capacity
60%~65%, after jointing, soil moisture should be maintained at the 75%~85% of field capacity.Meeting drought will water drought resisting in time.
In rainy season, note ditch cleaning, exclude field accumulated water.
(4) under the general weather conditions of supple-mentary pollination, corn can spontaneous pollination it is solid, but in special climate condition, such as
Continuous overcast and rainy or high temperature, or in the case that plant growing way is weak, need artificial supplementary pollination.The artificial pollination time is general in the morning 8:30
To 11:30 be Best Times.The cylinder that will pollinate gently is shaken against the filigree position that cuts off, be generally kept in 3 cms away from
From filigree should not be touched, it is to avoid filter screen is stained with water, and pollen conglomeration, manually can also be beaten with bamboo pole or rope pulls plant
Top, to increase pollination amount.
(5) disease pest and weeds integrated control
The general cornfield weeding of control of weeds is often from acetochlor ec (processing soil treatment agent), atrazine plus acetochlar, the precious (soil of corn
Earth processing and cauline leaf process dual-purpose) etc., before seedling carries out soil treatment after broadcasting, and after seedling weeds can be handled, part is fresh with atrazine
Eat corn sensitive to atrazine, cauline leaf spraying can be carried out with nicosulfuron or the chlorine sodium salt of 2 first 4.
Harvest in good time
It is determined that suitable picking time is extremely important for fresh edible maize.The quality of fresh edible maize taste and quality, production
The height of amount, except having outside the Pass with selected kind, is also directly influenceed by picking time.It is in during the harvest corn of early spring sowing
Summer high temperature period, grain filling rate is fast, terminates in a fortnight it is necessary to noting observing kernel grouting often in corn pollination
It is whether full, so as to timely collecting.Autumn low temperature period at a time when the harvest corn that summer and autumn are broadcast, grain filling rate is slow, harvest
Period can suitably be elongated.
(1) picking time of corns
Corn is general to be advisable in moisture content of kernels for 66%~71% (milk stage) harvesting, in production practices, corn
Harvest time very big is influenceed on its marketing quality and nutritional quality, cross early harvest, seed inclusion is less, and mouthfeel is not very good；
Too late, pericarp is hardened harvest, and dregs are more, local flavor reduction.Corn water content in harvest is more difficult to be grasped, and different cultivars, differently
There is also difference between point, different sowing dates.In the present invention, the corn picking time of spring sowing is selected in 17~22 days, summer and autumn after pollination
That broadcasts is selected in 20~26 days harvests.If can early receive 1~2 day for the purpose of processed can；1 can be received in evening based on fresh fringe to sell
~2 days, 6 days or so picking time.In addition, sugar content declines rapidly after corn harvesting, therefore timely working process is wanted after harvesting.
(2) picking time of waxy corns
Different kind the most suitable harvest dates have difference, are mainly determined by " food flavor ", using fresh tes juice, be at milk heat end
Or early dough stage harvesting.Harvest too early it is waxy not enough, harvesting late excessively lacks fresh fragrant and sweet taste, the ability only harvested in the most suitable harvest date
Show few tender seed, thin skin, dregs, it is savory sweet tea, in good taste.General pustulation period temperature of sowing in spring at 30 DEG C or so, picking time with
It is advisable within 20~25 days after pollination, 20 DEG C or so of autumn sowing pustulation period temperature, picking time was advisable with 25~30 days after pollinating.
(3) picking time of bamboo shoot corn
Bamboo shoot corn-as be multi-spike-type sweet-waxy maizes, effective fringe 3~6, it is therefore necessary to harvest by stages.Harvesting it is suitable when
Phase, 1~2 centimetre of bract is just gone out with the filigree of corn ear and has been advisable.Since being pushed up fringe ,-secondary bamboo shoot, 7~10 days were adopted every 1~2 day
Inside adopt.Adopting bamboo shoot must be timely, accomplishes stopped by neither wind or rain.When young corn is harvested, it should be noted that adopt down bract simultaneously, fringe bud torsion is prevented
It is curved, cause shredded bamboo shoot to be fractureed in bract.When going bract, filigree should be removed after bract has shelled since stem.Plant example and
Mouthfeel is examined
The plantation that applicant is carried out at Mengcheng County Ministry of Agriculture East China Crop cultivation observation experiment station is described below
Experiment.Respectively choose three pieces of diverse geographic locations experimental field, wherein every piece of experimental field area be about it is 20 meters long it is x35 meters wide=
750m2(one mu of conjunction 667m2), split plot experiment as shown in Figure 5 is carried out, tri- cells of A, B, C are applied fertilizer in the way of the present invention,
Tri- cells of D, E, F are used as spacing distance 1-2 meters of control, test block and check plot using conventional fertilizer application mode；Between per cell
Spacing distance is 1 meter；Wherein each cell sows 25 rows, and line-spacing is 0.6 meter, and spacing in the rows is 0.25 meter (4500 plants every mu), for examination
Kind is respectively Anhui sweet tea 210,116 3 kinds of Suyunuo No.5 and Jing Ke bamboo shoot, 4500 plants/acre of thickness of sowing.It has been found that
Influence the factor of mouthfeel to have a variety of between the fresh edible maize of different cultivars, and chemical fertilizer with applying, be the larger factor of influence it
One.Applicant by field experiment and cultivation has summarized the experience a kind of rational chemical fertilizer with applying for the corn of above-mentioned different cultivars
Ways and means, and then the mouthfeel and quality of fresh edible maize can be improved.Applicant combines new planting patterns with compareing below
The comparison example of traditional planting patterns come illustrate the present invention cultural method.
Example 1
The corn variety of Anhui sweet tea 210 is planted in first piece of experimental plot, non-corn variety is around planted and is excluded as isolation
Hybridize disturbing factor, (Dressing ratios are adjusted to 6 to tri- cells of A, B, C on the basis of base fertilizer is used sufficient:4), imposed in its jointing stage
40 pounds/acre of N, P, K composite fertilizer, and by original Application Ratio 15:15:15 are adjusted to 15:10:20；Tri- cells of D, E, F are still
According to 15:15:15 carry out fertilising as control.
Male to taking out after hero in l0d to taking out in the corn growth of Anhui sweet tea 210, the present invention uses the biphosphate of foliage-spray 2.5%
20 kilograms of potassium solution, and supplement 20 kilograms of 1% urea.It is separately sampled in grain filling period, the sugar content in determination sample seed,
And the sample quality (result below figure) of two processing cells of control and adjustment fertilising is determined using near-infrared spectral analysis technology.
The corn quality measurement result table of 1 Anhui sweet tea of table 210
Test result indicates that the fertilization mode after adjustment can increase substantially prematurity sugar content, improve palatability.
Nutrition content in corn seed can be improved by increasing potash fertilizer in right amount.While yield is improved, add sugared, bad in seed
Propylhomoserin, Oil content and Protein content, reduce content of starch, improve nutritive value, improve processing quality, marketing quality and fit
Mouth property.
Example 2
Suyunuo No.5 corn variety is planted in second piece of experimental plot, non-corn variety is around planted and is arranged as isolation
Except hybridization disturbing factor, tri- cells of A, B, C on the basis of base fertilizer is used sufficient, imposed in its jointing stage 40 jin of N, P, K composite fertilizer/
Mu, and by original Application Ratio 15:15:15 are adjusted to 15:20:10；Tri- cell Application Ratios 15 of D, E, F:15:15 conducts
Control.
According to national region testing program, it is desirable to which suitable collection period is 23~26 days after corn pollination, therefore the sampling same day,
It is required that 7 points or so of morning is to the sampling of corn experimental field, the grab sample as much as possible in a cell, each kind harvesting 10
Sample fruit ear, the fresh tes juice of the band bract of harvesting is immediately placed in the antistaling box for filling ice cube, sends laboratory back in time, in case entering
Row sample treatment and trial test are evaluated.For the accuracy of guarantee experiment process result, the fruit ear of control and fertilizer treatment is individually
Boiling, i.e., wanting the fruit ear cold water of boiling to be put into pot (water covers corn about 2cm) heating, drag for after 12~15 points after boiling water
Go out.
Although the quality of waxy corn quality and mouthfeel is determined by kind self character, outside final food flavor and commodity
See or to lean on the trial test of people, observation to identify to evaluate.Therefore the present inventor has invited the veteran teacher's conduct of our unit
Expert group, while by the use of school Superior selection postgraduate as ordinary consumer and expert group's identified in parallel result, being used as expert
The supplement of evaluation result and reference.The each member for first organizing unit expert group and postgraduate tastes to each kind evaluates score value
Merge, obtain each kind overall score, by, with being compared, seeing whether exist to different expert estimation table analysises during summarized results
Notable difference, if kind scoring (or grade) differs greatly, may be referred to the marking result of postgraduate's group, then by taking sample
Taste further verification.In recent years practice have shown that, evaluation result basic one between specialist crew, between expert group and postgraduate's group
Cause.
The Huang-Huai-Hai fresh edible maize of table 2 tests kind quality evaluation grade
3 2016 years experiment kind Suyunuo No.5 corns of table foretaste evaluation result
The Suyunuo No.5 corn quality of table 4 is determined
Experimental result is shown, for Suyunuo No.5, and the administration of phosphate fertilizer directly improves the mouthfeel and quality of corn,
Potash fertilizer can not be lifted on the contrary Suyunuo No.5 quality (applicant has carried out similar experiment using different nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer ratio,
It was found that there was only quality best results of the ratio in this example to lifting Suyunuo No.5).Increasing the p application rate, Suyunuo No.5 corn product
Mouthfeel is planted better than control, and protein, starch and sugared content are significantly improved in corn kernel.Data is shown according to the study, is increased
Phosphate fertilizer greatly improves lysine and tryptophane in Suyunuo No.5, and improves the ratio of protein and carbohydrate.
Compared with compareing (conventional fertilizer application mode), the amount of lysine and color nitronic acid is respectively increased 20.6% contained by protein in l00g seeds
With 23.3%.Increasing the p application rate makes corn kernel protein content improve 6.7%~15.0%.Increasing the p application rate can also improve jade
Rice seed oil content, under the conditions of phosphorus is lacked, per hectare applies phosphorus 20kg, and grain oil content improves 30% than control.
Example 3
The corn variety of capital section bamboo shoot 116 is planted in the 3rd piece of experimental plot, non-corn variety is around planted and is arranged as isolation
Except hybridization disturbing factor, tri- cells of A, B, C on the basis of base fertilizer is used sufficient, imposed in its jointing stage 40 jin of N, P, K composite fertilizer/
Mu, and by original Application Ratio 15:15:15 are adjusted to 25:10:10；Tri- cell Application Ratios 15 of D, E, F:15:15 conducts
Control.It is separately sampled in seed not yet shaping age, using near-infrared spectrum technique come the quality of determination sample.
The corn quality of 5 capital section bamboo shoot of table 116 is determined
Contents of Amino Acids (milligram/100 gram) in the corn of 6 capital section bamboo shoot of table 116
The present invention drawn by contrast experiment, lift-augmented mechanism substantially make in the kind of fresh edible maize capital section bamboo shoot 116 tyrosine and
Content of glutamic acid is significantly raised.Lift-augmented mechanism reduces content of starch while corn kernel protein content is improved, because
There is more photosynthate to be converted into protein and lipid material, and lift-augmented mechanism can be such that corn kernel fat content substantially carries
It is high.During per hectare amount of nitrogen 450kg, the fatty amount of seed improves 11.6% than control (conventional fertilizer application mode), in addition, appropriate increase
Nitrogen fertilizer application can also improve the unit weight of the corn kernel of capital section bamboo shoot 116, so as to improve the marketing quality of corn.
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer compounding application more effectively improve corn quality and mouthfeel, and can improve corn yield.Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, potash fertilizer compounding application can significantly improve grain protein content, and the reasonably combined fertilising of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer can make total amino acid content
And essential amino acids content is improved.Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compounding application have for improving grain weight, embryo weight, grain, idiosome product and embryo grain ratio
Good action, and the oil content of high oil corn is greatly improved.
Although the principle of the present invention is described in detail above in conjunction with the preferred embodiments of the present invention, this area skill
Art personnel are it should be understood that above-described embodiment is only the explanation of the exemplary implementation to the present invention, not to present invention guarantor
Protect the restriction of scope.Details in embodiment is simultaneously not meant to limit the scope of the invention, in the spirit without departing substantially from the present invention and
In the case of scope, any equivalent transformation based on technical solution of the present invention, simple replacement etc. are obvious to be changed, and is all fallen within
Within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of implantation methods for lifting fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel, it is characterised in that：Methods described comprises the steps：
(1) selected target plot, is turned over to target plot, and certain insulating space is reserved around the target plot；
(2) to turning over after target plot impose base manure；
(3) region division is carried out to target plot, is divided into some sub- plot；
(4) it is spaced at predetermined time intervals, the sowing of fresh edible maize is carried out in one piece of sub- plot；
(5) in the corn pollination phase, judge that whether abundant pollination is according to weather conditions, artificial supplementary pollination is carried out if insufficient；
(6) corn harvesting is carried out in batches.
2. the plantation side of the fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel according to claim 1 for being lifted at the plantation of Shajiang black soil ground
Method, it is characterised in that before planting, the bactericide and/or insecticide of scheduled volume are well mixed with corn seed.
3. the plantation side of the fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel according to claim 2 for being lifted at the plantation of Shajiang black soil ground
Method, it is characterised in that methods described is included in harvest time, is adopted for 17~22 days for the fresh edible maize of spring sowing after pollination
Receive, the sweet food corn broadcast in summer and autumn is harvested for 20~26 days after pollination.
4. the plantation side of the fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel according to claim 1 for being lifted at the plantation of Shajiang black soil ground
Method, it is characterised in that methods described also includes determining 5 centimetres of deep hypothermias, is broadcast when low temperature reaches 10-12 degrees Celsius
Kind.
5. the plantation side of the fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel according to claim 1 for being lifted at the plantation of Shajiang black soil ground
Method, it is characterised in that the headspace is arbitrarily while stretching out 300-400 meters from the target plot.
6. the plantation side of the fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel according to claim 1 for being lifted at the plantation of Shajiang black soil ground
Method, it is characterised in that the target plot is in Shajiang black soil ground.
7. the plantation side of the fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel according to claim 1 for being lifted at the plantation of Shajiang black soil ground
Method, it is characterised in that methods described is additionally included in area of isolation and carries out non-corn crop plantation or carry out the difference of corn crop
Phase plants.
8. the plantation side of the fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel according to claim 1 for being lifted at the plantation of Shajiang black soil ground
Method, it is characterised in that methods described also includes the adjustment that Application Ratio is carried out relative to traditional fertilization mode.
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| CN109042162A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2018-12-21 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所（山东省农业科学院玉米工程技术研究中心） | A kind of implantation methods that fresh edible maize yields two crops a year |
| CN110959525A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-07 | 沈阳特亦佳玉米科技有限公司 | Planting method for improving sugar content of fresh corn and improving softness and tenderness of grains |
| CN112106603A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-12-22 | 黄纯勇 | Method for improving corn planting yield by utilizing different sowing periods |
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| CN101194565A (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2008-06-11 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Cultivation method for prolonging fresh spike picking time of sweet and glutinous corn |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109042162A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2018-12-21 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所（山东省农业科学院玉米工程技术研究中心） | A kind of implantation methods that fresh edible maize yields two crops a year |
| CN110959525A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-07 | 沈阳特亦佳玉米科技有限公司 | Planting method for improving sugar content of fresh corn and improving softness and tenderness of grains |
| CN112106603A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-12-22 | 黄纯勇 | Method for improving corn planting yield by utilizing different sowing periods |
Also Published As
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| CN107018788B (en) | 2018-05-18 |
| CN108739151A (en) | 2018-11-06 |
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