CN112106603A - Method for improving corn planting yield by utilizing different sowing periods - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and discloses a method for improving the planting yield of corns by utilizing different sowing periods, which comprises the steps of pest control; direct seeding in the open air; setting two treatments, wherein each treatment is divided into three different sowing periods, and each sowing period is repeated for 2 times; applying compound fertilizer, applying 40kg per mu, dibbling alternately with seeds, and covering with local soil; topdressing, 30kg of urea is applied per mu; irrigation and drought resistance; and (6) harvesting. The method for improving the planting yield of the corn by using different sowing periods screens out the optimal sowing period of two seasons in one year, can effectively improve the yield of the corn, and provides scientific basis for the silage planting of the Jiyu No. 3 corn variety and large-area popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for improving the planting yield of corn by utilizing different sowing periods.
Background
At present, the corn is planted in southwest by adopting a planting mode aiming at harvesting seeds, generally, the corn is sown in spring and harvested in autumn, and the corn is produced in one season in one year, so that the seed corn is low in price and low in benefit. The technology aims at harvesting the corn straws in southwest areas of China, the whole corn straws are harvested, and the harvested straws are used for preparing silage and used as the feed of herbivorous animals. The technology finds the optimal sowing time, and can produce corn in two seasons in the southwest area to improve the corn planting benefit: corn is an annual cross-pollinated plant with the same male and female plants, has tall and big plants and strong stems, is an important food crop and feed crop, and is the crop with the highest total yield all over the world. Corn has been praised as a long-life food all the time, contains rich protein, fat, vitamins, trace elements, cellulose and the like, and has great potential for developing high-nutrition and high-biological function foods. However, the existing corn has some defects in planting and cultivating technology, the growth period is prolonged for harvesting corn seeds, the risk of plant diseases and insect pests is increased, the seed harvesting needs threshing, airing, storage and the like, and the production cost is increased. And the corn kernel has low price and low production benefit. The whole straw is harvested in two seasons, so that the production benefit of the corn can be improved, the cultivation of herbivores can be developed, the planting and breeding are combined, and the benefit is obviously increased. The production of the whole straw reduces the growth period, can effectively utilize land resources, improves the multiple cropping index and increases the land output rate in unit area. The planting density, the sowing time, the fertilizing time and the like of the corn are unreasonable, so that the conventional corn is low in general yield, and the improvement of economic benefits is influenced.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: the existing corn planting technology is unreasonable, so that the corn yield is low, and the economic benefit is influenced.
The difficulty of solving the technical problems is as follows: the whole corn straw is produced in two seasons, and the sowing period and the harvesting period are mainly mastered.
The significance of solving the technical problems is as follows: the method provided by the invention is used for testing the difference of the planting yields of the silage made from the corn variety Jiyu No. 3 in different sowing periods, and finally screening the optimal sowing period of two seasons in one year, so that the yield of the corn can be effectively improved, and a scientific basis is provided for silage planting and large-area popularization and application of the corn variety Jiyu No. 3.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the planting yield of corn by utilizing different sowing periods.
The invention is realized in such a way that a method for improving the planting yield of corn by using different sowing periods comprises the following steps:
step one, pest control: 2kg of chlorpyrifos granules with the concentration of 3 percent are broadcast and applied to each mu during rotary tillage before sowing;
step two, sowing: direct seeding in the open air; setting two treatments, wherein each treatment is divided into three different sowing periods; the sowing density is 5000 plants/mu; each seeding period is repeated for 2 times;
step three, applying a base fertilizer: applying compound fertilizer, applying 40kg per mu, dibbling alternately with seeds, and covering with local soil;
step four, topdressing: applying 30kg of urea per mu;
step five, watering and drought resisting are carried out after topdressing, and clear and tasteless clean water is selected for irrigation in the early morning;
and step six, harvesting 3-4 months after sowing.
Further, the time for pest control in the first step is respectively 24 days at 2 months, 5 days at 3 months and 15 days at 3 months in spring, and 6 days at 15 months, 25 days at 6 months and 5 days at 7 months in summer.
Further, in the second step, the spring of the sowing period is No. 3/month 10, No. 3/month 20 or No. 3/month 30, and the spring of the sowing period is No. 6/month 30, No. 7/month 10 or No. 7/month 20.
Further, the topdressing time in the fourth step is respectively 4 months and 10 days, 4 months and 20 days, and 4 months and 30 days in spring; summer is 30 days in 7 months, 9 days in 8 months, and 19 days in 8 months.
Further, the harvesting time in the sixth step is respectively 6 months and 30 days, 7 months and 10 days, 7 months and 20 days, and 10 months and 15 days, 10 months and 26 days, 11 months and 6 days.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are: the method provided by the invention is used for testing the difference of the planting yields of silage made from the corn variety Jiyu No. 3 at different sowing periods, and finally screening out the optimal sowing period of two seasons in one year, so that the yield of corn can be effectively improved, and a scientific basis is provided for silage made from the corn variety Jiyu No. 3 and large-area popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for increasing corn planting yield using different seeding times according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a first diagram illustrating the effect of the method for increasing the planting yield of corn by using different sowing periods according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a second diagram illustrating the effect of the method for increasing the planting yield of corn with different sowing times according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a third graph illustrating the effect of the method for increasing the planting yield of corn by using different sowing periods according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a fourth graph illustrating the effect of the method for increasing the planting yield of corn by using different sowing periods according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the planting yield of corn by utilizing different sowing periods, and the invention is described in detail by combining the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for improving the planting yield of corn by using different sowing periods provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, pest control: 2kg of chlorpyrifos granules with the concentration of 3 percent are broadcast and applied to each mu during rotary tillage before sowing;
s102, sowing: direct seeding in the open air; setting two treatments, wherein each treatment is divided into three different sowing periods; the sowing density is 5000 plants/mu; each seeding period is repeated for 2 times;
s103, applying a base fertilizer: applying compound fertilizer, applying 40kg per mu, dibbling alternately with seeds, and covering with local soil;
s104, topdressing: applying 30kg of urea per mu;
s105, watering and drought resisting are carried out after topdressing, and clear and tasteless clean water is selected for irrigation in the early morning;
and S106, harvesting 3-4 months after sowing.
The pest control time in S101 provided by the embodiment of the invention is respectively 24 days at 2 months, 5 days at 3 months and 15 days at 3 months in spring, and 6 days at 15 months, 25 days at 6 months and 5 days at 7 months in summer.
In the S102 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the spring of the sowing period is No. 3/month 10, No. 3/month 20 and No. 3/month 30, and the spring of the sowing period is No. 6/month 30, No. 7/month 10 and No. 7/month 20.
The time of top dressing in S104 provided by the embodiment of the invention is respectively 4 months and 10 days, 4 months and 20 days, and 4 months and 30 days in spring; summer is 30 days in 7 months, 9 days in 8 months, and 19 days in 8 months.
The harvesting time in S106 provided by the embodiment of the present invention is 6 months and 30 days, 7 months and 10 days, 7 months and 20 days, 10 months and 15 days, 10 months and 26 days, 11 months and 6 days, respectively.
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following tests.
Test 1
The experiment aims to explore the corn variety Jiyu No. 3 used as the silage, the variety is produced and operated by Hubeikang agricultural crop Limited company, and the purchased best fertilizer use condition is carried out, so that the best economic yield and biological yield are obtained, and a scientific basis is provided for guiding the production of the silage corn in a large area. To ensure that the test is more realistic and accurate, it is performed in two different blocks for two consecutive years.
1 design of the experiment
1.1 test treatment
The fertilizer is (15-15-15) 45% compound fertilizer, and 100kg/667m of the compound fertilizer is respectively arranged2(A)、 125kg/667m2(B)、150kg/667m2(C) And (3) three treatments, namely applying the fertilizer for three times in a mode of one-time base fertilizer and two-time top dressing without repetition.
1.2 field design
The equal-row planting is adopted, and the row spacing of the plants is 30cm multiplied by 70cm, cell length 100m, width 20m, area 2000m2。
1.3 test procedure
The invention is arranged in the experimental field of the national scientific and technological agricultural park to cultivate vegetables. The two tests have the same sowing time, planting density, field management and the like except that the test fields are different. And (5) digging a nest for direct seeding in 21 days of 3 months, and seeding 2 seeds in each nest. A, B, C residential areas of 3 months and 21 days are fertilized with 45 percent of compound fertilizer 70kg/667m2(A)、 85kg/667m2(B)、100kg/667m2(C) In that respect The high-efficiency cyfluthrin is used for preventing and controlling the soil insects twice in 3 months, 28 days and 4 months, 5 days. 15kg/667m of 45 percent compound fertilizer for seedling raising fertilizer is applied in 22 days in 4 months2(A)、20kg/667m2(B)、 25kg/667m2(C) And homogenizing, fixing, intertilling and weeding. Applying 15kg/667m of 45% compound fertilizer in each plot for 6 months and 5 days2(A)、20kg/667m2(B)、25kg/667m2(C) And (4) fertilizing the rice. And harvesting and testing seeds when the milk line of the 28 corn kernels reaches 50% in 6 months.
2 results and analysis
Table 1 statistics of biological yield of different fertility of corn;
first year, unit: kg of
| Amount of fertilizer used | Cell throughput | Reduced yield per mu |
| 100kg/667m2 | 10680 | 3578 |
| 125kg/667m2 | 11036 | 3697 |
| 150kg/667m2 | 12286 | 4116 |
In the second year, unit: kg of
| Amount of fertilizer used | Cell throughput | Reduced yield per mu |
| 100kg/667m2 | 10548 | 3534 |
| 100kg/667m2 | 11256 | 3771 |
| 100kg/667m2 | 11858 | 4140 |
2.1 yield
From the two-year yield performance of Table 1, the corn yield is positively correlated to the fertilizer usage, between the fertilizer usage of 100-150 kg, the yield is best treated C, the two-year average yield is 12322kg, while the average yield of treated A, B is 10614kg and 11146kg respectively, treated C is increased by 1906kg and 1176kg respectively compared with treated A, B, and the equivalent mu average yield A, B, C is 3556, 3734 and 4128 respectively, C is increased by 572kg and 394kg respectively compared with A, B mu.
TABLE 2 statistical table of economic traits of different fertilizer consumption of corn
First year unit: kg. cm, lines, grains, percent
| Treatment of | Plant height | Ear length | Ear row number | Rate of empty rod | Weight of single plant | Rate of reverse turn | Theoretical yield |
| A | 263.5 | 19.6 | 14.6 | 1.1 | 0.82 | 5.8 | 4040 |
| B | 265 | 19.7 | 14.7 | 1.1 | 0.89 | 5.9 | 4089 |
| C | 268 | 19.9 | 14.8 | 0.8 | 1.03 | 5.7 | 4244 |
The second year unit: kg. cm, lines, grains, percent
| Treatment of | Plant height | Ear length | Ear row number | Rate of empty rod | Weight of single plant | Rate of reverse turn | Theoretical yield |
| A | 265 | 19.9 | 14.6 | 0.9 | 0.78 | 5.7 | 4015 |
| B | 266 | 19.7 | 14.8 | 1.0 | 0.88 | 4.8 | 4157 |
| C | 269 | 19.6 | 14.6 | 1.3 | 0.96 | 5.8 | 4268 |
TABLE 3 Table of the growth period of different fertilizer application tests for corn
First year unit: month/day
The second year unit: month/day
2.2 growth period
Because the corn planted by the invention is used as silage, the corn is harvested when the milk line of the corn kernel reaches 50% without waiting for complete maturity of the corn in order to prevent dry matter transfer. From table 3 it can be seen that the total growth period is 97 days.
3 results
3.1 fertilization and yield in the present invention, corn yield was positively correlated with fertilization, and the yield was highest with the C treatment with the highest fertilization.
In summary, in the invention, the optimal fertilizer consumption for cultivating corn variety Jiyu No. 3 as silage is (15-15-15) 45% compound fertilizer 150kg/667m2。
Test 2
The invention is specially carried out in order to explore the optimal planting density of corn variety Jiyu No. 3 used as silage so as to obtain the optimal economic yield and biological yield and provide scientific basis for guiding the production of corn with large-area silage. To ensure a more realistic and accurate test, the invention was carried out in two different blocks for two consecutive years.
1 design of the experiment
1.1 test treatment the density of the present invention was set to 4000 strains/667 m2(A) 5000 strains/667 m2(B) 6000 strain/667 m2(C) Three treatments were not repeated.
1.2 equal-row planting is adopted in the field design test, the plant row spacing is respectively 30cm multiplied by 56cm, 30cm multiplied by 44cm and 30cm multiplied by 37cm, the cell length is 100m, the width is 20m, and the area is 2000m2。
1.3 test procedure the invention is arranged in a test field of the national scientific and technological agricultural park and is used for planting vegetables. The two tests are identical in seeding time, field management and the like except for different test fields. And (4) digging a nest for direct seeding in 20 days after 3 months, and seeding 2 seeds in each nest. 150kg of base fertilizer 45% compound fertilizer and 3000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer are applied to each cell. The high-efficiency cyfluthrin is used for preventing and controlling the soil insects twice in 3 months, 28 days and 4 months, 5 days. 4, and 22 days after 4 months, homogenizing and fixing seedlings, and applying 30kg of urea as a seedling fertilizer in each plot in combination with intertillage weeding. And applying 80kg of urea as a spike fertilizer to the plot every 6 months and 3 days. And harvesting and testing seeds when the milk line of the 28 corn kernels reaches 50% in 6 months.
2 results and analysis
TABLE 1 statistics of biological yield of corn in different densities
First year unit: kg of
| Density of | Cell throughput | Reduced yield per mu |
| 4000 strains/667 m2(A) | 11685 | 3895 |
| 5000 strains/667 m2(B) | 12036 | 4012 |
| 6000 strain/667 m2(C) | 11280 | 3760 |
The second year unit: kg of
| Density of | Cell throughput | Reduced yield per mu |
| 4000 strains/667 m2(A) | 12039 | 4013 |
| 5000 strains/667 m2(B) | 12495 | 4165 |
| 6000 strain/667 m2(C) | 11724 | 3908 |
2.1 yield
From the two-year yield performance in Table 1, the yield of corn was not directly correlated with the density, at a density of 4000-2In between, the best yield was treatment B, with a two-year average yield of 12265.5kg, while the average yield for treatment A, C was 11862kg, 11502kg, respectively, with treatment B yielding 403.5kg and 763.5kg, respectively, over treatment A, C.
TABLE 2 statistical table of economic traits of different densities of corn
First year unit: kg. cm, lines, grains, percent
The second year unit: kg. cm, lines, grains, percent
2.2 economic traits
2.2.1 plant height treatment C had the highest plant height, an average plant height of 28.5cm in two years, followed by treatment B, an average plant height of 265.5cm, and treatment A had the lowest plant height, an average of 264.3 cm.
2.2.2 spike length. The longest spike length was treated A, the average spike length in two years was 19.85cm, the average spike length was 19.7cm after treatment B, and the shortest spike length was treated C, the average being 19.55 cm.
2.2.3 rows per ear. The number of rows of ears was the largest for treatment B, the average of rows for ears over two years was 14.75 rows, the average of rows for treatment A was 14.6 rows, and the minimum of rows for treatment C was 14.55 rows.
2.2.4 hollow bar rate. The average hollow-rod rate of the treatment C is the highest, the average hollow-rod rate of the treatment C is 1.3 percent in two years, the average hollow-rod rate of the treatment B is 1.05 percent, the treatment A is the lowest, and the average hollow-rod rate of the treatment A is 0.95 percent.
2.2.5 individuals. The weight of the single plant of the single treatment A was the highest, the average weight of the single plant in two years was 1.02kg, the average weight of the single plant of the treatment B was 0.87kg, and the weight of the single plant of the treatment C was the lowest, and the average weight of the single plant was 0.68 kg.
2.2.6 reverse fold rate. The average reverse rate of treatment C was the highest, the average reverse rate of two years was 6.05%, the average reverse rate of treatment B was 5.85%, and the average reverse rate of treatment A was the lowest, the average reverse rate was 5.75%.
2.2.7 theoretical yield. The theoretical yield of the treatment B is the highest, the average yield in two years is 4325kg, the average theoretical yield of the treatment A is 4140kg, the treatment C is the lowest, and the average theoretical yield is 4041 kg.
TABLE 3 Table for the growth period of different density tests of corn
First year unit: month/day
The second year unit: month/day
2.3, in the growth period, because the corns planted by the invention are used as silage, in order to prevent dry matter transfer, the corns are harvested when the milk lines of the corn kernels reach 50% without waiting for complete maturity. As can be seen from table 3, treatment a had the shortest growth period, 96 to 97 days for the full growth period, treatment B had the shortest growth period, 97 to 98 days for the growth period, treatment C had the longest growth period, and 98 to 99 days for the growth period.
3 results
3.1 Density and yield in high density corn planting, corn yield and density did not correlate positively. In the three treatments of the invention, the density is 5000 strains/667 m2Treatment B (top treatment) with a density of 4000 strains/667 m2The density of the treatment A is 6000 strains/667 m2The process C yield was lowest.
3.2 influence of Density on growth period in the present invention, the density and growth period are related to each other to a certain extent, and with the increase of the density, the growth period is prolonged correspondingly, but the delay range is not large, and the corn variety is within the range of the properties of the corn variety.
In combination with the above, under the conditions of climate and soil environment, the optimal density for the cultivation of corn variety Jiyu No. 3 as silage is 5000 strains/667 m2。
Test 3
Corn variety Jiyu No. 3 different sowing time test
1. The purpose of the test is as follows:
the method is characterized in that the difference of the planting yield of silage making of the corn variety Jiyu No. 3 is tested in different sowing periods, the optimal sowing period of two seasons in one year is finally screened out, and scientific basis is provided for the silage making of the corn variety Jiyu No. 3 and the large-area popularization and application.
2. And (3) experimental design:
the experiment was set up with two treatments, each divided into three different seeding periods:
processing one: spring 1: no. 3/month No. 10; spring 2: no. 3/month No. 20; spring 3: no. 3/month No. 30;
and (5) processing: summer 1: no. 6/month No. 30; and (3) in summer 2: no. 7/month No. 10; summer 3: no. 7/month No. 20;
each sowing period is repeated for 2 times, the area of each cell is 300 square meters, and the density is 5000 plants/mu.
3. Test site: in the national agricultural science and technology park
4. Climatic conditions during the test and effects on corn growth:
the early stage has a large amount of rainwater, the influence on the seedling emergence and the growth of the seedling stage is small, and the dry soil in the grouting stage has certain influence on the yield.
5. Management of field
Firstly, a sowing mode: direct seeding in open air
Secondly, the sowing period is as follows: spring (1) and repeat 3/10, (2) and repeat 3/20, (3) and repeat 3/30; summer (1) and repeat No. 6/month No. 30, (2) and repeat No. 7/month No. 10, (3) and repeat No. 7/month No. 20.
Base fertilizer: 'Zijiang' compound fertilizer, N-P2O5-K2O, 15-15-15 total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, 40 kilograms of fertilizer is applied per mu, and the fertilizer is sowed with seeds alternately and covered with soil.
Fourthly, additional fertilizer (time, frequency, fertilizer type and quantity): spring (1) and repeat in 10 days 4 months, (2) and repeat in 20 days 4 months, (3) and repeat in 30 days 4 months; in summer, 30kg of urea is applied per mu in the period of (1) repeating for 7 months and 30 days, (2) repeating for 8 months and 9 days, and (3) repeating for 8 months and 19 days.
Irrigation and drought resistance: none.
Sixthly, pest control: spring (1) and repeat in 24 days at 2 months, (2) and repeat in 5 days at 3 months, (3) and repeat in 15 days at 3 months; summer (1) and repeat in 6 months and 15 days, (2) and repeat in 6 months and 25 days, (3) and repeat in 7 months and 5 days; 2kg of chlorpyrifos granules with the concentration of 3 percent per mu are applied to prevent and control underground pests during rotary tillage before sowing.
Seventhly, harvesting: spring (1) and repeat in 6 months and 30 days, (2) and repeat in 7 months and 10 days, (3) and repeat in 7 months and 20 days; harvesting in summer (1) and repeated in 10 months and 1 day, (2) and repeated in 10 months and 11 days, (3) and repeated in 10 months and 20 days
6. Performance of yield
7. Results
And (3) displaying through yield measurement data: the best sowing period in spring is 3 months and 20 days, the best sowing period in summer is 7 months and 20 days, and the yield is the highest, which also indicates that the best sowing period of the Jiyu No. 3 corn variety as silage planted in two seasons in our county is spring 3 middle ten days and summer 7 middle ten days.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for improving the planting yield of corns by utilizing different sowing periods is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, spreading 2kg of chlorpyrifos granules of 3 percent per mu during rotary tillage before sowing;
step two, direct seeding in the open air; setting two treatments, wherein each treatment is divided into three different sowing periods; the sowing density is 5000 plants/mu; each seeding period is repeated for 2 times;
step three, applying a compound fertilizer, applying 40 kilograms per mu, dibbling alternately with seeds, and covering with local soil;
step four, topdressing, namely applying 30kg of urea per mu;
step five, watering and drought resisting are carried out after topdressing, and clear and tasteless clean water is selected for irrigation in the early morning;
and step six, harvesting 3-4 months after sowing.
2. The method for improving the planting yield of the corns by using the different sowing periods as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pest control time in the first step is respectively 2 months and 24 days, 3 months and 5 days, 3 months and 15 days, and 6 months and 15 days, 6 months and 25 days, and 7 months and 5 days in spring.
3. The method for improving the planting yield of the corns by utilizing the different sowing periods as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing periods in the second step are No. 3/month 10, No. 3/month 20 and No. 3/month 30 in spring and No. 6/month 30, No. 7/month 10 and No. 7/month 20 in summer.
4. The method for improving the planting yield of the corns by utilizing the different sowing periods as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time of top dressing in the fourth step is 4 months and 10 days, 4 months and 20 days, and 4 months and 30 days in spring respectively; summer is 30 days in 7 months, 9 days in 8 months, and 19 days in 8 months.
5. The method for improving the planting yield of corn by utilizing different sowing times as claimed in claim 1, wherein the harvesting time in the step six is respectively 6 months and 30 days, 7 months and 10 days, 10 months and 26 days, and 11 months and 6 days.
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| CN104396554A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-03-11 | 安徽格瑞农业开发有限公司 | Planting method of sweet corn |
| CN107018788A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-08-08 | 安徽农业大学 | A kind of cultural method for lifting fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel |
| CN109362507A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-02-22 | 袁米农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods improving corn yield |
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