CN106974253A - 一种蚕蛹综合利用的方法 - Google Patents
一种蚕蛹综合利用的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106974253A CN106974253A CN201710306802.9A CN201710306802A CN106974253A CN 106974253 A CN106974253 A CN 106974253A CN 201710306802 A CN201710306802 A CN 201710306802A CN 106974253 A CN106974253 A CN 106974253A
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Abstract
一种蚕蛹综合利用的方法,包括脱油脂、酶解、色谱分离、提取常量元素和微量元素以及发酵步骤。经过上述步骤处理后,得到蚕蛹油脂,蚕蛹多肽、蚕蛹蛋白、常量元素如钙、钠、钾、镁,微量元素如铁、铜、锌、锰、硒,酵母鲜味素以及食用调味品。采用本发明的方法制备得的产品品质优良、容易产业化、环保、产品市场潜能大。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种蚕蛹综合利用的方法。
背景技术
蚕蛹是蚕茧缫丝后剩下的副产品。经现代科学检测蚕蛹含有丰富的营养物质,这些营养物质具有安全性高的特点,适合开发各种保健产品,是健康产品宝贵的配料营养源。检测结果显示在干的蚕蛹中,含有20%-25%的蚕蛹油,以及45%-55%的蛋白质。蛋白质中则含有人体所必需的18种氨基酸,还含有能延缓人体衰老的维生素E。
蚕蛹除含有以上有效成分外,还含有叶酸、碘、碳水化合物、磷、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B12、维生素B2、维生素B5、维生素B6、维生素C、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K以及胆固醇等成分。是营养丰富且国家批准的可食用昆虫。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种蚕蛹综合利用的方法,能够利用新鲜蚕蛹提取得到蚕蛹油脂、多肽、蛋白质、壳聚糖、微量及常量元素以及酵母鲜味素。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现上述目的:一种蚕蛹综合利用的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)提取油脂:按质量比将30-35%的山梨糖醇粉添加到新鲜蚕蛹中,经风碎机粉碎至40-60目,搅拌均匀,加入2倍重量的纯净水,转速300-500r/min,搅拌45-60min,溶解静置,分三层,上层为油脂层,中层为山梨糖醇溶液,下层为蚕蛹粉,吸出油层得到油脂;
(2)提取多肽及蛋白质:中层山梨糖醇液和下层蚕蛹粉继续搅拌,搅拌转速50-80r/min,温度升至50-58℃,添加质量比为0.1-0.15%的脂肪酶和0.6-1.1%的蛋白酶,反应28-33h,过滤分离得到反应液,反应液浓缩至固形物含量为65-72%,转入结晶器,调节转速为5-8r/min,温度从60℃以1.5-2℃/h速率降至10-12℃,添加0.2-0.3%山梨糖醇晶种,结晶12-14h,压滤分离回收山梨糖醇,烘干重复使用,滤液通过分子筛色谱分离收集得到蚕蛹蛋白质、分子量为300-1000道尔顿的多肽,洗脱液用于提取常量元素及微元素的原料;
(3)提取壳聚糖:滤渣添加2-3倍重量的纯净水和质量比为0.45-0.62%的几丁质酶,搅拌转速为35-42r/min,温度为45-52℃,反应16-22h,过滤,分离得到滤液,滤液浓缩至固形物含量为35-38%,通过喷雾干燥得到壳聚糖,壳聚糖用于提取常量元素和微量元素的载体物,滤渣用于发酵制备酵母鲜味素;
(4)提取常量及微量元素:按壳聚糖质量/洗脱液体积,添加0.02-0.05%的壳聚糖粉未,用0.2mol/L的乙酸调节洗脱液pH=3.1-3.4,搅拌转速为30-35r/min,温度20-22℃,搅拌4-5h,然后静置4-6h,用0.1-0.2mol/L氢氧化钠调节洗脱液pH=8.5-9.3,大量沉淀出现,过滤回收壳聚糖,滤液干燥获得常量元素如钙、钠、钾、镁,微量元素如铁、铜、锌、锰、硒;
(5)发酵制备鲜味物:步骤(3)获得滤渣按质量比加入10-18%葡萄糖、1.5-3%玉米浆,接入1-1.2%产鲜味酵母种如安琪酵母种,在28-30℃发酵120-144h,过滤除杂,杀菌得到酵母鲜味素,或者接入0.6-1%米曲霉菌种,在32-35℃发酵72-96h,经过滤、调色、获得食用酱油。
步骤(1)所述的新鲜蚕蛹包括家蚕蛹、蓖麻蚕蛹以及木薯蚕蛹,选用家蚕蛹、蓖麻蚕蛹、木薯蚕蛹的一种或任意两种或者三种。
步骤(2)所述的分子筛色谱分离的条件为:色谱柱直径与高度比=1:35-40,流速5-20L/min,柱内压力50-80kpa,柱内填充物为色谱分离树脂。
本发明的突出优点在于:
能够利用新鲜蚕蛹提取得到蚕蛹油脂、多肽、蛋白质、壳聚糖、微量及常量元素以及酵母鲜味素,变废为宝,为蚕蛹的深加工提供了有效途径。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
实施例1
据分析,蚕蛹的营养成分含量为(每100克鲜蚕蛹的含量):
热量(Kcal) | 220 | 硫胺素(mg) | 0.08 | 钙(mg) | 47 |
蛋白质(g) | 13 | 核黄素(mg) | 2.8 | 镁(mg) | 41 |
脂肪(g) | 5 | 烟酸(mg) | 2.2 | 铁(mg) | 0.8 |
碳水化合物(g) | 7 | 维生素C(mg) | 1 | 锰(mg) | 0.3 |
膳食纤维(g) | 2 | 维生素E(mg) | 12 | 锌(mg) | 5.1 |
维生素A(mg) | 1.2 | 胆固醇(mg) | 165 | 铜(mg) | 0.3 |
胡罗卜素(ug) | 3030 | 钾(mg) | 380 | 磷(mg) | 52 |
视黄醇当量(ug) | 15 | 钠(mg) | 250 | 硒(ug) | 0.12 |
本发明所述的蚕蛹综合利用的方法的一个实例,包括如下步骤:
(1)选用新鲜的家蚕蛹1.25kg,按质量比将30%的山梨糖醇粉添加到家蚕蛹中,经风碎机粉碎至40目,搅拌均匀,室温下加入2倍重量的纯净水,转速300r/min,搅拌45min,溶解静置,分三层,吸出油层得到油脂48g;继续搅拌,搅拌转速50r/min,温度升至50℃,添加质量比为0.1%的脂肪酶和0.8%的蛋白酶,反应30h,过滤分离得到反应液,反应液浓缩至固形物含量为65%,转入结晶器,调节结晶器搅拌转速为5r/min,温度从60℃以1.5℃/h速率降至10℃,添加0.2%山梨糖醇晶种,结晶14h,压滤分离回收山梨糖醇,烘干重复使用。滤液通过色谱柱直径与高度比为1:35,流速=12L/min,柱内压力50kpa,柱内填充物为色谱分离树脂的分子筛色谱分离收集得到蚕蛹蛋白质63g和平均分子量为612道尔顿的多肽47g。洗脱液继续用于提取常量元素及微元素的原料;向滤渣添加2倍重量的纯净水和质量比为0.45%的几丁质酶,搅拌转速=35r/min,温度47℃,反应18h,过滤,分离得到滤液和滤渣,滤液浓缩至固形物含量为35%,喷雾干燥得到壳聚糖5.3g,壳聚糖用于提取常量元素和微量元素的载体物。滤渣用于发酵制备酵母鲜味素;
(2)提取常量元素和微量元素:按壳聚糖质量/洗脱液体积,添加0.02%的壳聚糖粉未,用0.2mol/L的乙酸调节洗脱液PH=3.15,搅拌转速30r/min,温度20℃,搅拌4h,然后静置5.5h,用0.15mol/L氢氧化钠调节洗脱液pH=8.7,大量沉淀出现,过滤回收壳聚糖,滤液干燥获得灰白色粉末1.48g,用原子分光光度计检测有钙、钠、钾、镁,铁、铜、锌、锰、硒等元素;
(3)发酵制备鲜味物:步骤(1)分离得到的滤渣按质量比加入10%葡萄糖、2.2%玉米浆,接入1.05%产鲜味酵母种如安琪酵母种,在28℃发酵136h,过滤除杂,经杀菌得到酵母鲜味素2.3L。
实施例2
本发明所述的蚕蛹综合利用的方法的另一个实例,包括如下步骤:
(1)选用新鲜的桑蚕蛹0.45kg、木薯蚕蛹0.5kg、蓖麻蚕蛹0.5kg共计1.45kg,按质量比添加35%的山梨糖醇粉,经风碎机粉碎至55目,搅拌均匀,室温下加入2倍重量的纯净水,转速450r/min,搅拌55min,溶解静置,分三层,吸出油层得到油脂51g;继续搅拌,搅拌转速50r/min,温度升至50℃,添加质量比为0.1%的脂肪酶和0.8%的蛋白酶,反应33h,过滤分离得到反应液,反应液浓缩至固形物含量为70%,转入结晶器,调节结晶器搅拌转速为7r/min,温度从60℃以2℃/h速率降至12℃,添加0.3%山梨糖醇晶种,结晶13h,压滤分离回收山梨糖醇,烘干重复使用。滤液通过色谱柱直径与高度比=1:40,流速15L/min,柱内压力70kpa,柱内填充物为色谱分离树脂的分子筛色谱分离收集得到蚕蛹蛋白质73g和平均分子量为588道尔顿的多肽44g。洗脱液继续用于提取常量元素及微元素的原料;向滤渣添加2倍重量的纯净水和质量比为0.53%的几丁质酶,搅拌转速40r/min,温度50℃,反应20h,过滤,分离得到滤液和滤渣,滤液浓缩至固形物含量为36%,喷雾干燥得到壳聚糖6.1g,壳聚糖用于提取常量元素和微量元素的载体物。滤渣用于发酵制备酵母鲜味素;
(2)提常量及微量元素:按质量/洗脱液体积,添加0.04%的壳聚糖粉未,用0.2mol/L的乙酸调节洗脱液pH=3.2,搅拌转速=32r/min,温度为20℃搅拌4.5h,然后静置5h,用0.2mol/L氢氧化钠调节洗脱液pH=9.1,大量沉淀出现,过滤回收壳聚糖,滤液干燥获得灰白色粉末1.68g,用原子分光光度计检测出钙、钠、钾、镁,铁、铜、锌、锰、硒等元素。
(3)发酵制备鲜味物:步骤(1)产生的滤渣按质量比加入18%葡萄糖、3%玉米浆,接入1%米曲霉菌种,在35℃发酵96h,过滤、调色、获得食用酱油2.85L。
Claims (3)
1.一种蚕蛹综合利用的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)提取油脂:按质量比将30-35%的山梨糖醇粉添加到新鲜蚕蛹中,经风碎机粉碎至40-60目,搅拌均匀,加入2倍重量的纯净水,转速为300-500r/min,搅拌45-60min,溶解静置,分三层,上层为油脂层,中层为山梨糖醇溶液,下层为蚕蛹粉,吸出油层得到油脂;
(2)提取多肽及蛋白质:中层山梨糖醇液和下层蚕蛹粉继续搅拌,搅拌转速为50-80r/min,温度升至50-58℃,添加质量比为0.1-0.15%的脂肪酶和0.6-1.1%的蛋白酶,反应28-33h,过滤分离得到反应液,反应液浓缩至固形物含量为65-72%,转入结晶器,调节转速为5-8r/min,温度从60℃以1.5-2℃/h速率降至10-12℃,添加0.2-0.3%山梨糖醇晶种,结晶12-14h,压滤分离回收山梨糖醇,烘干重复使用,滤液通过分子筛色谱分离收集得到蚕蛹蛋白质、分子量为300-1000道尔顿的多肽,洗脱液用于提取常量元素及微元素的原料;
(3)提取壳聚糖:滤渣添加2-3倍重量的纯净水和质量比为0.45-0.62%的几丁质酶,搅拌转速为35-42r/min,温度为45-52℃,反应16-22h,过滤,分离得到滤液,滤液浓缩至固形物含量为35-38%,通过喷雾干燥得到壳聚糖,壳聚糖用于提取常量元素和微量元素的载体物,滤渣用于发酵制备酵母鲜味素;
(4)提取常量及微量元素:按壳聚糖质量/洗脱液体积,添加0.02-0.05%的壳聚糖粉未,用0.2mol/L的乙酸调节洗脱液pH=3.1-3.4,搅拌转速为30-35r/min,温度为20-22℃,搅拌4-5h,静置4-6h,然后用0.1-0.2mol/L氢氧化钠调节洗脱液pH=8.5-9.3,大量沉淀出现,过滤回收壳聚糖,滤液干燥获得常量元素如钙、钠、钾、镁,微量元素如铁、铜、锌、锰、硒;
(5)发酵制备鲜味物:步骤(3)获得的滤渣按质量比加入10-18%葡萄糖、1.5-3%玉米浆,接入1-1.2%产鲜味酵母种如安琪酵母种,在28-30℃发酵120-144h,过滤除杂,杀菌得到酵母鲜味素,或者接入0.6-1%米曲霉菌种,在32-35℃发酵72-96h,经过滤、调色、获得食用酱油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蚕蛹综合利用的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的新鲜蚕蛹包括家蚕蛹、蓖麻蚕蛹以及木薯蚕蛹,选用家蚕蛹、蓖麻蚕蛹、木薯蚕蛹的一种或任意两种或者三种。
3.根据权利1要求一种蚕蛹综合利用的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的分子筛色谱分离的条件为:色谱柱直径与高度比=1:35-40,流速5-20L/min,柱内压力50-80kpa,柱内填充物为色谱分离树脂。
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