CN106947117A - 完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具及其制备方法 - Google Patents
完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106947117A CN106947117A CN201710309478.6A CN201710309478A CN106947117A CN 106947117 A CN106947117 A CN 106947117A CN 201710309478 A CN201710309478 A CN 201710309478A CN 106947117 A CN106947117 A CN 106947117A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tableware
- biodegradable
- foaming
- fiber reinforcement
- agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012745 toughening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 poly butylene succinate Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000704 biodegradable plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004631 polybutylene succinate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002961 polybutylene succinate Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000379 polypropylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- JQYSLXZRCMVWSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-dioxacyclododecane-7,12-dione;terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1.O=C1CCCCC(=O)OCCCCO1 JQYSLXZRCMVWSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- PGTXKIZLOWULDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[Zn] Chemical compound [Mg].[Zn] PGTXKIZLOWULDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940043237 diethanolamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004633 polyglycolic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PPQREHKVAOVYBT-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;tricarbonate Chemical group [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O PPQREHKVAOVYBT-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005014 poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000903 polyhydroxyalkanoate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940070765 laurate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- AXKZIDYFAMKWSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-dioxacyclododecane-7,12-dione Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC(=O)OCCCCO1 AXKZIDYFAMKWSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 244000151018 Maranta arundinacea Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010804 Maranta arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012419 Thalia geniculata Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NIHJEJFQQFQLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanedioic acid;hexanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O.OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O NIHJEJFQQFQLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960004424 carbon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011105 molded pulp Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000011888 snacks Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)- Chemical compound [K+].CC=CC=CC([O-])=O CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WXHLLJAMBQLULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[6-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl]amino]-n-(2-methyl-6-sulfanylphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide;hydrate Chemical compound O.C=1C(N2CCN(CCO)CC2)=NC(C)=NC=1NC(S1)=NC=C1C(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1S WXHLLJAMBQLULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940006015 4-hydroxybutyric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000945 Amylopectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004255 Butylated hydroxyanisole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005913 Maltodextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002774 Maltodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005373 Panax quinquefolius Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000275012 Sesbania cannabina Species 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010000269 abscess Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- YNLZFQPOEWEPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol;hexanedioic acid;terephthalic acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)O.OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O.OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 YNLZFQPOEWEPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019282 butylated hydroxyanisole Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylated hydroxyanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1.COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C(C)(C)C CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043253 butylated hydroxyanisole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940099112 cornstarch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003413 degradative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013410 fast food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000008446 instant noodles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035034 maltodextrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004302 potassium sorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010241 potassium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940069338 potassium sorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940117958 vinyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08L3/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G19/00—Table service
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/0427—Coating with only one layer of a composition containing a polymer binder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
- C08J9/08—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/125—Water, e.g. hydrated salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/142—Compounds containing oxygen but no halogen atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/02—CO2-releasing, e.g. NaHCO3 and citric acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/10—Water or water-releasing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/12—Organic compounds only containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, e.g. ketone or alcohol
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/20—Ternary blends of expanding agents
- C08J2203/204—Ternary blends of expanding agents of chemical foaming agent and physical blowing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2303/00—Characterised by the use of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08J2303/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2467/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2467/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2467/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2467/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/003—Additives being defined by their diameter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/06—Biodegradable
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/14—Applications used for foams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
- C08L2205/16—Fibres; Fibrils
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及生物降解材料,具体涉及一种完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具及其制备方法。所述发泡餐具分为内外两层,分为内外两层,其中,外层由以下质量百分比的各组分制成:50~82%木薯淀粉、5~20%生物降解短纤维、5~10%生物降解增韧剂、1~3%相容剂、5~10%发泡剂、1~5%隔热剂和1~2%脱模剂。将以上组分搅拌混合均匀,经热压成型后,再喷涂生物降解薄膜,得到完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具。该餐具强度高,刚性大,韧性好,发泡倍率高,发泡孔径小,隔热性好,防水防油性好,而且所有材料均能完全生物降解,是替代发泡聚苯乙烯餐具的最佳选择。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物降解餐具,具体涉及一种完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具及其制备方法。
背景技术
众所周知,发泡餐具最早使用在火车上,由于废弃的塑料垃圾给铁路沿线生态以及景观造成了严重破坏,我国铁道部于1995年5月起全面禁止在铁路站车使用发泡餐具。传统的一次性发泡塑料餐具,主要是以聚苯乙烯PS树脂为原料,在挤出机中经过高温加热熔融后加入发泡剂丁烷等进行挤出拉片。将片材收卷后,在通风潮湿的环境中放置养生后再进行二次加热吸塑成型,制成的各种餐饮具如快餐盒、汤碗、方便面碗、生鲜托盘等。我国曾于1999年、2005年以及2011年三次将一次性发泡塑料餐具列入工艺落后或产品落后目录。
餐饮业的盛起,尤其是各种快餐业的快速发展,给一次性塑料餐具提供了巨大的市场需求,吸引了众多投资者敏锐的目光。在铁道部最早提出“以纸代塑”口号的促使下,1996年以后出现了大量纸浆模塑餐具的企业。但是,由于纸浆模塑餐具在卫生及使用性能上容易出现问题,技术难度大,产品合格率低,推广困难。据抽查显示,纸浆模塑餐具很多都不符合卫生要求,渗油、渗水、变形以及粘结米饭等现象严重。
另外,一次性塑料发泡餐具使用后,由于食物残留,很难清洗,即使清洗也会造成水资源的浪费,以及水源的二次污染。因此,一次性塑料发泡餐具基本上无法回收利用,填埋后也无法降解,对土壤和水源都有着一定程度的污染。1999年原国家经贸委要求,于2000年底以前在全国范围内淘汰因严重污染环境而被列为“落后产品”的发泡餐具。至此,一次性发泡塑料餐具开始逐步退出市场。
还有许多打着“环保餐具”、“降解餐具”或“城市环保”的非发泡型塑料餐具目前在国内许多地区大量使用,由于该产品主要为普通塑料,加入大量无机矿物填充料如碳酸钙或添加一部分淀粉,因而醋酸残渣严重超标,而且餐盒崩解后,剩下的塑料组份依然不会降解,这些塑料碎片对环境造成的危害更大。
淀粉制成一次性发泡餐具,既可以解决不降解发泡塑料带来的白色污染,使用后的淀粉发泡餐具还可以用作肥料或饲料,而且在一定程度上还能缓解淀粉产能过剩的问题,为淀粉找到了一条绿色环保的出路,也为城市发展找到了一条可持续发展的道路。
CN 106496652 A公开一种淀粉发泡的一次性餐具,它是由86-93重量份的改性玉米淀粉、0.8-1.2重量份的脱模剂硬脂酸锌、0.2-0.4重量份的促进剂山梨酸钾、1.5-2重量份的增稠剂聚丙烯酸钠、45-53重量份的稳定剂、若干重量份的水混合搅拌得到混合料后,经热压成型得到;本发明淀粉含量高,极大地降低生产成本,以玉米淀粉为主要原料,利用茶多酚对其进行改性,并辅以多种功能助剂制得发泡餐盒,该淀粉发泡餐具受热后不会产生任何有毒成分,并在自然条件下可转化成易被降解的物质,安全环保,可有效保护环境。上述体系中加入了聚丙烯酸钠,该物质为普通高分子材料,不能生物降解,影响了其降解环保性;而且加入了木浆纤维,木浆纤维会影响其发泡倍率,木浆纤维的可再生性远不如淀粉;最重要的是该发明根本没有对材料进行防水防油处理,导致材料没有防水防油性,难以用作餐具。
CN 105254930 A公开一种可生物降解的发泡餐盒,由如下重量份数的原料制成:绿豆淀粉100-110份、磺基水杨酸8-12份、醋酸乙烯酯15-20份、膨润土18-22份、麦芽糊精15-20份、聚乙烯醇13-18份、羧甲基纤维素12-16份、纳米碳酸钙10-15份、田菁胶10-15份、棕榈仁油8-12份、尿素8-12份、抗菌剂6-10份、丁基羟基茴香醚6-10份、十二烷基磺酸钠5-8份、乙醇40-50份、水200-300份。本发明所制发泡餐具受热后不会产生任何有毒成分,并在自然条件下可转化成易被降解的物质,安全环保,可有效保护环境;另外其中所添加的抗菌剂具有较高的抗菌效果,大大提高餐盒的卫生级别。该发明采用挤出片材吸塑的方法来制备发泡餐盒,但并未对发泡过程采取针对性手段,发泡倍率很难保证;体系中引入了聚乙烯醇不可生物降解的物质,影响其生物降解性;而且还加入了尿素和乙醇等危险性物质;同时绿豆淀粉的成本过高,也未对餐具进行防水防油处理,很难推广。
CN 105273240 A公开一种自然降解淀粉发泡材料及其生产工艺,采用如下技术方案:其原料按质量百分比如下:淀粉68-75%、植物纤维12-18%、发泡助剂15-28%和脱模助剂7-13%;它采用淀粉为主原料,制作成一次性材料,从而使用制出的一次性物品,它具有能够替代塑料一次性用品,实现自然全降解,无污染,环保节能。但该发明同样没有对餐具进行防水防油处理,同样难以用作餐具。
CN 103937035 A和CN 103951852 A也分别公开了高强度淀粉基降解环保材料,但他们体系中都引入了聚乙烯醇不可生物降解的物质,无法完全生物降解。
由上看出,目前关于淀粉发泡餐具的文献多集中在添加大量的木浆纤维以及加入聚乙烯醇等物质,这样不但使得淀粉的高发泡倍率无法实现,生物降解性也很难保证,而且这些文献均没有对餐具进行防水防油处理,难以用作餐具。
因此,开发一种成本低廉、性能优异、又能完全生物降解的餐具意义重大。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高发泡倍率、发泡孔径小、隔热性好、高强度、高韧性、防水防油性好的完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具;本发明同时提供其制备方法。
本发明所述的完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具,分为内外两层,其中,外层由以下质量百分比的各组分制成:50~82%木薯淀粉、5~20%生物降解短纤维、5~10%生物降解增韧剂、1~3%相容剂、5~10%发泡剂、1~5%隔热剂和1~2%脱模剂。
其中:
所述的木薯淀粉为未改性的原淀粉,目数为50~150目。
所述的生物降解短纤维为聚乳酸短纤维、聚羟基脂肪酸酯短纤维或聚乙醇酸短纤维中的一种或多种,生物降解短纤维直径为10~100D,长度为10~50mm。
所述的生物降解增韧剂为生物降解塑料经液氮冷却后磨成的粉末,目数100~500目。
所述的生物降解塑料为聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯、聚丙撑碳酸酯中的一种或多种。
所述的相容剂为一乙醇胺、二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺中的一种。
所述的发泡剂由水、长链脂肪酸、碳酸氢钠组成,它们的质量比为6~8:1~2:1~2,长链脂肪酸为月桂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸或芥酸中的一种。
所述的隔热剂为锌镁铝碳酸根型水滑石,分子式为ZnMg3Al2(OH)12CO3·mH2O,锌镁铝摩尔比为1:3:2,目数为4500~5500目。
所述的脱模剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯,目数为50~150目。
所述的内层为生物降解薄膜,生物降解薄膜的材料为聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯、聚丙撑碳酸酯、聚乳酸、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯、聚羟基脂肪酸酯或聚乙醇酸中的一种。
所述的完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具的制备方法是:依次将木薯淀粉、生物降解短纤维、生物降解增韧剂、隔热剂加入搅拌器中,常温下搅拌10~15min,加入相容剂,常温下搅拌15~20min,加入发泡剂和脱模剂,在40~60℃下混合均匀后加入模具中,于180~250℃下20~60s热压成型,最后再喷涂厚度5~20μm的生物降解薄膜,得到完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具。
本发明以木薯淀粉为原料,引入生物降解短纤维、生物降解增韧剂、相容剂、发泡剂、隔热剂、脱模剂等物质。
众所周知,单纯淀粉糊化交联后,其机械强度和韧性都较差,而且不耐水也不耐油。如果将淀粉制成餐具,必须解决两个关键问题,一是增强增韧,二是解决淀粉的防水防油性能。首先我们选择了木薯淀粉,因为木薯淀粉中支链淀粉含量高,而且淀粉分子量高,这样使得淀粉糊化后的强度和韧性都要优于其他淀粉,更重要的一点是木薯淀粉并非粮食,避免了“与人争粮”的情况。本发明选择生物降解短纤维去增强淀粉,并未选择传统的木浆纤维,一是因为生物降解短纤维在加热作用下可以熔化,与淀粉完全熔为一体,冷却定型后形成一个支撑网络,从而起到增强作用,二是因为木浆纤维在生产过程中伴随着水污染以及水资源的浪费,且木浆的可再生性并不好。
生物降解短纤维增强糊化淀粉的同时,也可以起到一定的增韧作用,但还需要引入韧性较好的生物降解粉末,对其进一步增韧。采用粉末是利于增韧剂与淀粉体系快速混合均匀,也可以使得其在成型过程中快速熔化,与淀粉熔为一体,起到优异的增韧作用。因此,本发明选择了生物降解塑料中韧性较好的几种材料用作增韧剂,例如聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯、聚丙撑碳酸酯。
而发泡的目的有两个,一是降低产品克重,降低成本,二是提高其隔热性。在加热作用下,水既可以与淀粉发生糊化交联反应,也可以汽化使得淀粉发泡,但由于水与淀粉的溶解性很好,因此,泡孔中的水汽很难稳定存在。长链脂肪酸大都来自于天然,其作为食品使用很安全,但其酸性较弱,常温下与小苏打很难发生反应,但在加热作用下就可以发生中和反应,放出二氧化碳。二氧化碳的放出不仅可以使得淀粉获得高的发泡倍率,同时随着二氧化碳的排除,从而加快了水汽的蒸发,缩短了定型时间和成型周期,提高了生产效率。而且传统PS发泡餐具,均为丁烷发泡,产品生产过程中放出大量的丁烷,污染环境,丁烷为易燃性物质,生产存在安全隐患。而我们选择的发泡体系均为食品添加剂,我们利用水蒸气和反应放出的二氧化碳来实现发泡,安全无毒。
淀粉糊化交联后,性能较脆,发泡后,脆性增大,虽然我们引入了生物降解短纤维和增韧剂来改善韧性,但由于短纤维和增韧剂都是聚酯结构,与淀粉的相容性较差,所以为了进一步提高产品的韧性,我们又引入了相容剂—乙醇胺,乙醇胺具有羟基和胺基结构,它们能与淀粉的羟基形成强烈的氢键作用,同时也能与生物降解塑料的端羟基、端羧基以及分子主链上的酯基形成强烈的氢键作用,而且胺基与生物降解塑料的端羧基在高温下还能发生反应,生成酰胺键,因此,乙醇胺能明显改善生物降解短纤维和增韧剂与淀粉之间的相容性,从而进一步提高产品韧性。
餐具除了强度和韧性外,还应该具有较好的隔热性。虽然发泡结构赋予了淀粉餐具一定的隔热性能,但为了进一步提高其隔热性,本发明又向体系中引入了锌镁铝碳酸根型水滑石,该材料常用于聚氯乙烯的除酸剂,我们将它用于淀粉发泡体系后却发现它能够提高隔热效果,这是由于锌镁铝摩尔比为1:3:2水滑石的微观上具有层状错位结构,在热量的传递过程中,它的层状错位结构中的缝隙起到了阻碍热量传递的作用,因此,提高了隔热效果。
淀粉分子链上大量的羟基存在,使得其与金属的亲和性很好,因此,在生产过程中容易出现粘模问题,为了便于成型后脱模,提高生产效率,本发明又向体系中引入了食品级表面活性剂单硬脂酸甘油酯GMS,GMS与淀粉的相容性很好,对淀粉还可以起到一定的塑化作用。
最后需要解决的问题是,对淀粉餐具进行防水防油处理。为了实现其防水防油性,本发明并未选择不降解的普通塑料,而是选择了完全生物降解塑料喷涂在餐具内表面,达到了理想的防水防油性能。
本发明的有益效果如下:
(1)本发明通过引入生物降解短纤维,既能实现发泡餐具的增强,又能提高其韧性,而且不影响淀粉的高发泡倍率。
(2)本发明通过引入水、长链脂肪酸、碳酸氢钠组成的发泡体系,不仅可以得到高发泡倍率,还可以缩短成型周期,而且所用的发泡体系均为食品级添加剂,安全无毒。
(3)由于发泡会使得淀粉的脆性增大,因此,我们引入完全生物降解的增韧剂,提高产品的韧性,改善其使用性能,为了便于与体系混合均匀,本发明选择的增韧剂为粉末状。
(4)为了改善生物降解短纤维和增韧剂与淀粉的相容性,我们向体系中加入了醇胺,通过改善相容性来进一步提高韧性。
(5)体系采用的脱模剂单硬脂酸甘油酯也是环保无毒的食品添加剂。
(6)通过喷涂的方法,在发泡餐具内表面喷涂一层完全生物降解薄膜,不仅实现了防水防油,也不影响整体的生物降解性。
(7)本发明制备的淀粉发泡餐具不仅可以在自然环境下完全生物降解,而且还可以作为植物的肥料养分。
另外,为了达到更好的混合效果,我们优选了混料方式。由于木薯淀粉、生物降解短纤维、增韧剂、隔热剂均为固体组分,因此,先将这些固体组分在常温下混合均匀,这样保证了在混合均匀的情况下,不破坏纤维结构。然后再加入液体的相容剂,搅拌混合的过程就是材料之间发生氢键作用的过程,这样可以得到混合更为均匀的物料,而且物料之间的相容性得到提高。最后加入液体的发泡剂和脱模剂,可以将发泡剂和脱模剂均匀分散到物料中去,又不会破坏纤维结构,也不会破坏已经形成的氢键结构。
综上,本发明以木薯淀粉为原料,通过引入生物降解短纤维、生物降解增韧剂、相容剂、发泡剂、隔热剂、脱模剂等一系列物质,得到完全生物降解的餐具。该餐具强度高,刚性大,韧性好,发泡倍率高,发泡孔径小,隔热性好,防水防油性好,而且所有材料均能完全生物降解,是替代发泡聚苯乙烯餐具的最佳选择。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例1
将50%木薯淀粉(50目)、20%聚乳酸短纤维(50D,25mm)、10%聚丁二酸丁二醇酯粉末(100目)、5%5000目的水滑石ZnMg3Al2(OH)12CO3·mH2O依次加入搅拌器中,常温下搅拌10min,再加入3%二乙醇胺,常温下搅拌15min,最后加入10%发泡剂(水/硬脂酸/小苏打=8/1/1质量比)、2%100目的单硬脂酸甘油酯在40℃下搅拌混合均匀后加入模具中,180℃下40s热压成型,最后再喷涂厚度10μm的聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯薄膜,得到完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具。
实施例2
将60%木薯淀粉(100目)、15%聚乳酸短纤维(100D,10mm)、10%聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯粉末(500目)、3%5500目的水滑石ZnMg3Al2(OH)12CO3·mH2O依次加入搅拌器中,常温下搅拌10min,再加入3%三乙醇胺,常温下搅拌15min,最后加入8%发泡剂(水/棕榈酸/小苏打=6/2/2质量比)、1%50目的单硬脂酸甘油酯在60℃下搅拌混合均匀后加入模具中,250℃下20s热压成型,最后再喷涂厚度20μm的聚丙撑碳酸酯薄膜,得到完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具
实施例3
将82%木薯淀粉(150目)、5%聚乙醇酸短纤维(10D,50mm)、5%聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯粉末(300目)、1%4500目的水滑石ZnMg3Al2(OH)12CO3·mH2O依次加入搅拌器中,常温下搅拌10min,再加入1%一乙醇胺,常温下搅拌15min,最后加入5%发泡剂(水/油酸/小苏打=7/2/1质量比)、1%150目的单硬脂酸甘油酯在50℃下搅拌混合均匀后加入模具中,220℃下60s热压成型,最后再喷涂厚度5μm的聚丁二酸丁二醇酯薄膜,得到完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具。
实施例4
将75%木薯淀粉(100目)、5%聚3,4-羟基丁酸酯共聚物短纤维(60D,20mm)、8%聚丙撑碳酸酯粉末(200目)、2%5000目的水滑石ZnMg3Al2(OH)12CO3·mH2O依次加入搅拌器中,常温下搅拌10min,再加入2%二乙醇胺,常温下搅拌15min,最后加入6%发泡剂(水/芥酸/小苏打=7/1/2质量比)、2%100目的单硬脂酸甘油酯在45℃下搅拌混合均匀后加入模具中,210℃下30s热压成型,最后再喷涂厚度15μm的聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯薄膜,得到完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具。
对比例1
将55%木薯淀粉(50目)、20%聚乳酸短纤维(50D,25mm)、10%聚丁二酸丁二醇酯粉末(100目)依次加入搅拌器中,常温下搅拌10min,再加入3%二乙醇胺,常温下搅拌15min,最后加入10%发泡剂(水/硬脂酸/小苏打=8/1/1质量比)、2%100目的单硬脂酸甘油酯在40℃下搅拌混合均匀后加入模具中,180℃下40s热压成型,最后再喷涂厚度10μm的聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯薄膜,得到完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具。
对比例2
将63%木薯淀粉(100目)、15%聚乳酸短纤维(100D,10mm)、10%聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯粉末(500目)、3%5500目的水滑石ZnMg3Al2(OH)12CO3·mH2O依次加入搅拌器中,常温下搅拌10min,再加入8%发泡剂(水/棕榈酸/小苏打=6/2/2质量比)、1%50目的单硬脂酸甘油酯在60℃下搅拌混合均匀后加入模具中,250℃下20s热压成型,最后再喷涂厚度20μm的聚丙撑碳酸酯薄膜,得到了完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具。
对比例3
将50%木薯淀粉(50目)、20%聚乳酸短纤维(50D,25mm)、10%聚丁二酸丁二醇酯粉末(100目)、5%5000目的水滑石ZnMg3Al2(OH)12CO3·mH2O、3%二乙醇胺、10%发泡剂(水/硬脂酸/小苏打=8/1/1质量比)、2%100目的单硬脂酸甘油酯,在40℃下搅拌混合均匀后加入模具中,180℃下40s热压成型,最后再喷涂厚度10μm的聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯薄膜,得到完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具。
对比例4
将60%木薯淀粉(100目)、15%聚乳酸短纤维(100D,10mm)、10%聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯粉末(500目)、3%5500目的水滑石ZnMg3Al2(OH)12CO3·mH2O、3%三乙醇胺、8%发泡剂(水/棕榈酸/小苏打=6/2/2质量比)、1%50目的单硬脂酸甘油酯,在60℃下搅拌混合均匀后加入模具中,250℃下20s热压成型,最后再喷涂厚度20μm的聚丙撑碳酸酯薄膜,
得到完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具。
为了便于性能对比,我们选择传统PS发泡餐具与本发明实施例1-4、对比例1-4进行性能对比,传统的PS发泡为丁烷发泡。
利用10*10cm2发泡板反复折叠90度断裂时的次数,来表征其韧性;利用100℃热水倒入餐具中5min后餐具底部外表面的温度与水温的差值,来表示其隔热性能;利用100℃热水和100℃热色拉油分别倒入餐具中,24h后观测其渗漏情况,来表征其防水防油性能,具体见表1。
表1性能数据表
由表1可以看出,实施例1-4的完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具的强度高,压缩强度在3.2MPa以上;刚性大,韧性好,断裂时折叠次数为30次以上;发泡倍率高,在15.5倍以上,发泡孔径小,为13μm以下;隔热温度差为66℃以上,隔热性好;热水热油24h后无渗漏情况出现,防水防油性好。
通过实施例1和对比例1可以看出,含隔热剂比不含隔热剂的淀粉发泡餐具隔热效果更好。
通过实施例2和对比例2可以看出,含相容剂比不含相容剂的淀粉发泡餐具韧性和压缩强度更好。
通过实施例1和对比例3可以看出,加料的先后顺序影响淀粉发泡餐具的韧性和压缩强度,实施例1的淀粉发泡餐具的韧性和压缩强度更高。
通过实施例2和对比例4可以看出,加料的先后顺序影响淀粉发泡餐具的韧性和压缩强度,实施例2的淀粉发泡餐具的韧性和压缩强度更高。
Claims (10)
1.一种完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具,其特征在于:分为内外两层,其中,外层由以下质量百分比的各组分制成:50~82%木薯淀粉、5~20%生物降解短纤维、5~10%生物降解增韧剂、1~3%相容剂、5~10%发泡剂、1~5%隔热剂和1~2%脱模剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具,其特征在于:木薯淀粉为未改性的原淀粉,目数为50~150目。
3.根据权利要求1所述的完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具,其特征在于:生物降解短纤维为聚乳酸短纤维、聚羟基脂肪酸酯短纤维或聚乙醇酸短纤维中的一种或多种,生物降解短纤维直径为10~100D,长度为10~50mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具,其特征在于:生物降解增韧剂为生物降解塑料经液氮冷却后磨成的粉末,目数100~500目;生物降解塑料为聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯、聚丙撑碳酸酯中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具,其特征在于:相容剂为一乙醇胺、二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具,其特征在于:发泡剂由水、长链脂肪酸、碳酸氢钠组成,它们的质量比为6~8:1~2:1~2,长链脂肪酸为月桂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸或芥酸中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具,其特征在于:隔热剂为锌镁铝碳酸根型水滑石,分子式为ZnMg3Al2(OH)12CO3·mH2O,锌镁铝摩尔比为1:3:2,目数为4500~5500目;脱模剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯,目数为50~150目。
8.根据权利要求1所述的完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具,其特征在于:内层为生物降解薄膜。
9.根据权利要求8所述的完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具,其特征在于:生物降解薄膜的材料为聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯、聚丙撑碳酸酯、聚乳酸、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯、聚羟基脂肪酸酯或聚乙醇酸中的一种。
10.一种权利要求1~9任一所述的完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具的制备方法,其特征在于:依次将木薯淀粉、生物降解短纤维、生物降解增韧剂、隔热剂加入搅拌器中,常温下搅拌10~15min,加入相容剂,常温下搅拌15~20min,加入发泡剂和脱模剂,在40~60℃下混合均匀后加入模具中,于180~250℃下20~60s热压成型,最后再喷涂厚度5~20μm的生物降解薄膜,得到完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710309478.6A CN106947117B (zh) | 2017-05-04 | 2017-05-04 | 完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具及其制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710309478.6A CN106947117B (zh) | 2017-05-04 | 2017-05-04 | 完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具及其制备方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN106947117A true CN106947117A (zh) | 2017-07-14 |
CN106947117B CN106947117B (zh) | 2019-06-07 |
Family
ID=59478887
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710309478.6A Active CN106947117B (zh) | 2017-05-04 | 2017-05-04 | 完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具及其制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN106947117B (zh) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107556636A (zh) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-09 | 江苏龙灯博士摩包装材料有限公司 | 一种可降解塑料包装材料及其制备工艺 |
CN111690177A (zh) * | 2019-03-13 | 2020-09-22 | 北京绿态美景环保科技有限公司 | 一种淀粉发泡一次性餐具以及包装制品的制备方法 |
CN112679924A (zh) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-20 | 浙江金晟环保股份有限公司 | 一种可快速降解的pha一次性快餐盒及其制备方法 |
CN113382665A (zh) * | 2018-10-15 | 2021-09-10 | 丹尼米尔生物塑料有限公司 | 生物聚合物涂层纤维餐饮服务用品 |
EA038718B1 (ru) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-10-08 | федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Южно-Уральский государственный университет (национальный исследовательский университет)" | Способ производства биоразлагаемой посуды |
CN114102955A (zh) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-01 | 天津科技大学 | 一种采用常温发泡技术制备发泡聚乳酸的方法 |
CN114634717A (zh) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-06-17 | 河北工程大学 | 一种植物纤维基生物降解餐具及其制备方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1587305A (zh) * | 2004-07-08 | 2005-03-02 | 胡靖� | 一种完全生物降解塑料餐饮具的发泡成型方法 |
CN101456978A (zh) * | 2008-12-23 | 2009-06-17 | 山东九发生物降解工程有限公司 | 一次性全降解餐饮具及其制备方法 |
CN101606810A (zh) * | 2009-07-27 | 2009-12-23 | 刘风君 | 一次性全降解餐饮具 |
-
2017
- 2017-05-04 CN CN201710309478.6A patent/CN106947117B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1587305A (zh) * | 2004-07-08 | 2005-03-02 | 胡靖� | 一种完全生物降解塑料餐饮具的发泡成型方法 |
CN101456978A (zh) * | 2008-12-23 | 2009-06-17 | 山东九发生物降解工程有限公司 | 一次性全降解餐饮具及其制备方法 |
CN101606810A (zh) * | 2009-07-27 | 2009-12-23 | 刘风君 | 一次性全降解餐饮具 |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107556636A (zh) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-09 | 江苏龙灯博士摩包装材料有限公司 | 一种可降解塑料包装材料及其制备工艺 |
CN113382665A (zh) * | 2018-10-15 | 2021-09-10 | 丹尼米尔生物塑料有限公司 | 生物聚合物涂层纤维餐饮服务用品 |
CN111690177A (zh) * | 2019-03-13 | 2020-09-22 | 北京绿态美景环保科技有限公司 | 一种淀粉发泡一次性餐具以及包装制品的制备方法 |
EA038718B1 (ru) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-10-08 | федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Южно-Уральский государственный университет (национальный исследовательский университет)" | Способ производства биоразлагаемой посуды |
CN114102955A (zh) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-01 | 天津科技大学 | 一种采用常温发泡技术制备发泡聚乳酸的方法 |
CN114102955B (zh) * | 2020-08-31 | 2024-05-07 | 天津科技大学 | 一种采用常温发泡技术制备发泡聚乳酸的方法 |
CN112679924A (zh) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-20 | 浙江金晟环保股份有限公司 | 一种可快速降解的pha一次性快餐盒及其制备方法 |
CN114634717A (zh) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-06-17 | 河北工程大学 | 一种植物纤维基生物降解餐具及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN106947117B (zh) | 2019-06-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN106947117B (zh) | 完全生物降解的纤维增强淀粉发泡餐具及其制备方法 | |
Shogren et al. | Plant-based materials and transitioning to a circular economy | |
EP2586821B1 (en) | Degradable starch-based plastic masterbatch and preparation method thereof | |
CN103992497B (zh) | 利用天然纤维生物质材料制备生物质基泡沫材料的方法 | |
CN106751611A (zh) | 一种高熔体强度聚乳酸发泡专用树脂及其制备方法 | |
JPH04500833A (ja) | 生分解性プラスチック材料製発泡物品およびその製造方法 | |
JP2003246881A (ja) | 生物分解性または堆肥化可能な容器 | |
CN102712801A (zh) | 制备包含聚乳酸的可发泡颗粒的方法 | |
CN109111710B (zh) | 一种耐热型pla基可降解塑料瓶及其制备方法 | |
WO2010111899A1 (zh) | 以水为发泡剂的生物质材料发泡塑料及其制备方法 | |
CN103642185A (zh) | 聚乳酸泡沫材料及其制备方法 | |
CN112876823B (zh) | 一种可生物降解的耐高温一次性餐盒 | |
CN110423483A (zh) | 一种生物基可降解发泡材料及其制备方法 | |
CN101280049B (zh) | 以麦秆为原料的降解聚氨酯泡沫材料及其制备方法 | |
CN105778143A (zh) | 一种可生物降解的淀粉基发泡塑料的发泡方法 | |
CN102504164A (zh) | 一种增强型玉米芯基聚氨酯泡沫材料的制造方法 | |
TW202136407A (zh) | 生物可分解及可堆肥組成物 | |
CN102070795B (zh) | 一种生物降解组合物及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN101851406A (zh) | 一种可完全降解塑料膜及其生产工艺 | |
CN107298748A (zh) | 一种环保可降解阻燃型聚氨酯快速包装材料及其制备方法 | |
CN102115549A (zh) | 可生物降解的含淀粉的高分子组合物及其制备 | |
Singh et al. | Green and sustainable packaging materials using thermoplastic starch | |
KR101612429B1 (ko) | 바이오매스를 이용한 수지 조성물 | |
CN109762283B (zh) | 一种可回收型水溶降解发泡材料及其制备方法 | |
WO2023220007A1 (en) | Sustainable foam |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20201224 Address after: 255000 room 1402, unit 1, building 7, Oak Bay Garden, No. 60, North Beijing Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo City, Shandong Province Patentee after: Pang Maizhi Address before: 255086 east house, 6th floor, unit 1, building 11, huajingyuan community, high tech Zone, Zibo City, Shandong Province Patentee before: ZIBO AIMGO PLASTICS & CHEMICALS Co.,Ltd. |
|
TR01 | Transfer of patent right |