CN106925732A - A kind of uniform cooler and method for preparing large-size aluminum alloy ingot - Google Patents
A kind of uniform cooler and method for preparing large-size aluminum alloy ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN106925732A CN106925732A CN201511021127.2A CN201511021127A CN106925732A CN 106925732 A CN106925732 A CN 106925732A CN 201511021127 A CN201511021127 A CN 201511021127A CN 106925732 A CN106925732 A CN 106925732A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/055—Cooling the moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
- B22D11/003—Aluminium alloys
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of uniform cooler and method for preparing large-size aluminum alloy ingot, belong to metal material processing field.The uniform cooler is made up of inner and outer tubes；The top of outer tube is adiabatic end, and bottom is colling end；Inner tube includes spiral inner tube and is separately positioned on the arrival end and the port of export of spiral inner tube inlet and outlet, and spiral inner tube is arranged in the colling end of outer tube in a spiral manner.Uniform cooler is arranged on semi-continuous casting platform, is deep into crystallizer in casting process, applies uniform cooling to melt from inside melt.Simple structure of the present invention, it is easy to use, casting speed and production efficiency can be significantly improved, and also the large-size aluminum alloy ingot even tissue for preparing is tiny, with extensive prospects for commercial application.
Description
Technical field
It is more particularly to a kind of to prepare the uniform cold of large-size aluminum alloy ingot the invention belongs to metal material processing field
But device and method.
Background technology
Semi-continuous casting is the first procedure for preparing wrought aluminium alloy, and the quality of ingot quality is directly affected subsequently
Deformation processing.Using traditional semi-continuous casting method production ingot casting during always occur tissue it is thick it is uneven,
The gross segregation even irreversible defect such as cracking.The solidification forming side of appearance and the semi-continuous casting of these problems
Formula has a very large relationship.Semi-continuous casting is the crystallizer that high-temperature metal melt is continuously cast to Forced water cooling
It is interior, just scull is formed, in the cooling effect by secondary cooling water after just scull is from crystallizer out, make in just scull
Solidification of metal melt shapes, and eventually forms ingot casting.The solidification of melt is only to rely on during whole semi-continuous casting
Cooling effect outside the melt such as crystallizer and secondary cooling water, the heat dissipation direction of melt is single in process of setting, temperature ladder
Degree is very big, melt consecutive solidification from outside to inside, during especially for casting big size ingot-casting, can form very deep liquid
Cave, ultimately causes the thick uneven, component segregation of ingot structure, problems of crack.
At present, domestic and international scientific research personnel has carried out substantial amounts of research work for the cooling condition for improving ingot casting, including
Improve crystallizer spray mode, apply the methods such as outfield to improve the heat convection of melt, improve the uniform of temperature field
Property.But, these methods do not solve the problems, such as during semi-continuous casting inhomogeneous cooling inside and outside melt fundamentally,
Particularly for big size ingot-casting, temperature field and composition field uniformity in melt more cannot be effectively controlled, therefore
Ingot structure remains unchanged thick and skewness.
Patent CN102581238 B disclose a kind of variable crystallizer of aluminum alloy semi-continuous casting intensity of cooling, should
Crystallizer is provided with upper and lower two water tanks, and upper water box sets one group of cooling water hole, and lower header sets two groups of cooling water holes,
The continuous casting incipient stage is individually cooled down using the 3rd group of cooling water, and the stabilization sub stage impacts casting simultaneously using 3 groups of cooling waters
Ingot surface, can improve ingot casting cooling effect, be conducive to improving ingot metallurgy quality.The invention is wished by changing
The type of cooling of outside cooling water reach improve casting process in ingot casting cooling effect so that solve ingot casting cracking and
The problem of warpage.But, it is in the presence of very big on ingot casting cross section to cause ingot casting to ftracture with the basic reason of warpage
Thermograde and deeper liquid cave, will be made during semi-continuous casting by the way of single surrounding water-spraying control
Ingot casting produces larger thermograde and deeper liquid cave, therefore, only change to this single type of cooling
Kind fundamentally to solve the problems, such as inhomogeneous cooling inside and outside ingot casting, the solidification of melt is still the suitable of ecto-entad
Sequence is solidified, and the ingot casting cracking and warpage issues caused because thermograde is larger cannot also be efficiently solved.
Chinese patent (CN1485452A) discloses the side that a kind of applying electromagnetic agitation prepares alloy pulp and blank
Method, the method produces induced-current, molten metal to be grown in long-range navigation in the presence of power by using electromagnetic field in molten metal
Molten metal is formed and is vigorously stirred effect, the dendrite for separating out metal freezing is fully fragmented or nodularization, so as to reach
To crystal grain thinning, the purpose of improvement slab quality.But, due to the presence of alternating electromagnetic field Kelvin effect, electromagnetism
When metal bath, its active force is subject to field action with the increase exponentially formula decay of distance, namely melt outside
Active force it is big, and melt inside is small, and active force is uneven, and the mixing effect of metal bath is uneven, eventually
Cause grain structure uneven.Particularly to big size ingot-casting, the stirring action of melt is more limited, melt it is solidifying
Admittedly being still the consecutive solidification of ecto-entad, melt cooling mode is single, casts inefficient, also not from basic
Temperature field problem of non-uniform in upper solution Solidified Process of Aluminum Alloys.
The content of the invention
For melt in existing semi-continuous casting method process of setting can only ecto-entad refrigerating mode exist deficiency,
And traditional semi-continuous casting method to prepare large-size aluminum alloy ingot process of setting larger because edge, center portion melt are present
Thermograde, liquid cave it is relatively deep and cause to be also easy to produce the thick uneven, component segregation of tissue, hot tearing and teeming speed slowly,
The problems such as low production efficiency, propose a kind of uniform cooler and method for preparing large-size aluminum alloy ingot.
For melt air-circulation features from inside to outside in semi-continuous casting process of setting, the present invention is in common semicontinuous casting
Uniform cooler is set on manufacturing apparatus, is acted on using the heat exchange of cooler, change the single cooling direction of melt, increase
Plus cooling dimension, with reference to common Semi-continuous casting crystallizer one is cold and two cold effects, make melt in process of setting
It is inside and outside while cooling, according to the cooling that uniform cooler is adjusted the need for actual production, makes melt in process of setting
Temperature field is more uniform, the ingot structure fine uniform for finally obtaining.
It is the purpose of invention more than realizing, using following technical scheme：
A kind of uniform cooler for preparing large-size aluminum alloy ingot, is made up of inner and outer tubes；Described outer tube
Top is adiabatic end, and bottom is colling end；Described inner tube includes spiral inner tube and is separately positioned on spiral inner tube to enter
Mouth and the arrival end and the port of export of outlet, described spiral inner tube are arranged in the colling end of outer tube in a spiral manner.
The adiabatic end of uniform cooler outer tube is cylindrical shape, and colling end is hemispherical；The external diameter at adiabatic end is no more than cold
But the external diameter held, both outside dimensions are 100~800mm, and thickness is 3~20mm, thickness and colling end phase
Together.
The colling end of uniform cooler outer tube is made of thermostable heat-conductive material, such as graphite, copper, molybdenum, titanium；
The outer tube wall cladding heat-insulating material at adiabatic end, such as asbestos, or outer tube thermal insulation end is made of high temperature resistant insulating ceramic.
Described adiabatic end bottom is provided with blade construction, and the number of blade is 0~8, preferably 3~5, width of blade
It is 10~100mm, vane thickness is 2~8mm, with the effect for driving melt flows downwards when blade is rotated,
Blade is made of exotic material, such as molybdenum, titanium, ceramics, graphite material.
Uniform cooler inner tube is made from a material that be thermally conductive, such as copper, steel, titanium and its composite；Inner tube diameter is
2~30mm, 0.5~5mm of thickness；The spiral numerical digit of spiral inner tube is 3~50, and spiral spacing is 0~10mm,
Preferably 3~5mm.
The entrance of spiral inner tube is arranged on the bottom centre of outer tube colling end, and the outlet of spiral inner tube is located at outer pipe insulation
The bottom at end, cooling medium is entered into up to outer tube colling end center, by bottom through arrival end from spiral inner tube inlet
Inner tube spiral to outer tube thermal insulation end at, then from inner tube outlet through the port of export out.
The cooling medium used in inner tube is the various fluids, cooling medium stream such as air, nitrogen, argon gas and water, oil
It is 0~2000L/min to measure, and liquid cooling medium flow is preferably 10~50L/min, and gas cooling medium flow is excellent
Elect 500~1000L/min as.
Based on above-mentioned uniform cooler, big specification is prepared using uniform cooler of the invention the invention provides one kind
The method of aluminium alloy cast ingot.
A kind of method for preparing large-size aluminum alloy ingot, comprises the following steps：Big rule are prepared using semi-continuous casting
During lattice aluminium alloy cast ingot, uniform cooler is set in crystallizer, while be passed through cooling medium and open turning
Dynamic, cooling medium enters from inner tube inlet and reaches uniform cooler bottom centre, then spiral, the bottom of by
Portion's Heat Conduction Material exchanges heat with melt, while the Stirring effect of uniform cooler, can accelerate the heat friendship of center portion melt
Change；With reference to the outside cooling effect that crystallizer applies to melt, increase cooling dimension, realize synchronous inside and outside melt
Force the uniform cooling of continuous dynamic.At the same time, uniform cooler colling end blade, drives melt to uniform cooling
Device bottom is collected, and melt continues to flow downward into liquid cave mushy zone by uniform cooler bottom coohng, makes to melt
Body obtains the uniform cooling of continuous dynamic and forces feeding, finally prepares the big size ingot-casting of fine grain homogeneous.
Described uniform cooler is arranged on semi-continuous casting platform, during semi-continuous casting, uniform cooling
Device is deep into crystallizer, and to crystallizer height and position, uniform cooler bottom is concordant with crystallizer, from melt
Portion applies uniform cooling to melt.The quantity of uniform cooler can set one or more；Uniform cooler is a whole set of
The rotary speed of device is 0~300r/min, preferably 50~150r/min.
Uniform cooler inner tube of the invention is made using Heat Conduction Material, and cooling medium enters from inner tube inlet, reaches
Uniform cooling outer tube colling end, by bottom spiral fashion inner tube, cooling medium exchanges heat in colling end and melt, cooling
Melt, then flows out from inner tube outlet.Outer tube colling end carries blade, and blade forces melt to flow downward, makes to melt
Body is constantly added to downwards in the middle of liquid cave, plays the effect of dynamic continuous uniform cooling.
The aluminium that apparatus and method of the present invention can be used to be prepared in semi-continuous casting equipment with diameter greater than 300mm is closed
The aluminium alloy flat bloom of golden billet and thickness more than 300mm.
Advantages of the present invention is as follows：
1st, uniform cooler is placed inside crystallizer, cooling medium after inner tube entrance from outer tube colling end is reached
The heart, then along ttom of pipe spiral, is exchanged heat by colling end and metal bath, and heat transfer effect is from edge to center portion
Gradually strengthen, can effectively take away metal bath center portion heat in crystallizer, with reference to the cooling effect of crystallizer, create
Property change in traditional casting process the only mode of one direction heat transfer from outside to inside, in increased process of setting
Cooling dimension, realizes various dimensions compelling, equal-freezing pattern.
2nd, first by the ingenious combination of the special construction of the rotary motion of uniform cooler and colling end, stirring action energy
It is enough effectively to drive melt flows so that whole melt occurs forced convertion, on the basis of intensity of cooling is improved,
Temperature Field in Melt and the uniformity into branch can be significantly improved.The cooling of colling end simultaneously and stirring collective effect make
Quickly there is heat and mass and exchange in superheated melt, be capable of achieving to force dynamic to connect melt with the alloy melt of solidification front
Continuous Homogeneous Cooling treatment.
3rd, simple structure of the present invention, easy to use, can significantly improve casting speed and production efficiency, can prepare
The tiny large-size aluminum alloy ingot of even tissue, fundamentally solves traditional semi-continuous casting method and prepares big specification
There is the thick uneven, gross segregation of tissue, problems of crack in aluminium alloy cast ingot, before extensive commercial Application
Scape.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the uniform cooler sectional view that the present invention prepares large-size aluminum alloy ingot；
Fig. 2 sets schematic diagram for the present invention in embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 sets schematic diagram for the present invention in embodiment 2.
Main Reference Numerals explanation：
The port of export of 1 arrival end 2
3 adiabatic end 4 blades
The colling end of 5 spiral inner tube 6
Specific embodiment
The present invention can be implemented according to following instance, but not limited to this, these embodiments solely for the purpose of illustration this
Invention implementation process, rather than the scope of the present invention is limited by any way, below in an example, do not retouch in detail
The various processes and method stated are conventional methods as known in the art.
As shown in figure 1, the present invention prepares the uniform cooler of large-size aluminum alloy ingot, it is made up of inner and outer tubes；
Outer tube top is adiabatic end 3, and bottom is colling end 6, and inner tube includes spiral inner tube 5 and is separately positioned in spiral
The arrival end 1 and the port of export 2 of the entrance and exit of pipe 5, spiral inner tube 5 are arranged on the cooling of outer tube in a spiral manner
In end 6.
Uniform cooler outer tube is made up of upper thermal barrier end 3 and bottom colling end 6, and adiabatic end 3 is cylindrical shape, cold
But end 6 is hemispherical, and the external diameter at adiabatic end 3 is not more than the external diameter of colling end 6, both outside dimensions are 100~
800mm, thickness is 3~20mm, and thickness is identical with colling end 6；Colling end 6 uses thermostable heat-conductive material system
Into such as graphite, copper, molybdenum, titanium；Adiabatic end 3 is for cylindrical shape and outer tube wall coats high-temperature resistant thermal insulating material, such as
Asbestos, or outer tube thermal insulation end 3 is made of high temperature resistant insulating ceramic；The bottom of adiabatic end 3 is provided with blade 4, blade
Number is 0~8, and the width of blade 4 is 10~100mm, and the thickness of blade 4 is 2~8mm, and blade 4 has when rotating
The effect of melt flows is driven downwards, and blade 4 is made of exotic material, such as molybdenum, titanium, ceramics, graphite
Material.
Uniform cooler inner tube is made up of the good material of thermal conductivity, such as copper, steel, titanium and its composite；It is interior
Bore is 2~30mm, 0.5~5mm of thickness, and the spiral numerical digit of spiral inner tube 5 is 3~50, spiral spacing
It is 0~10mm.Uniform cooler inner tube is arranged on uniform cooler bottom in a spiral manner, inner tube be provided with entrance and
Outlet, the entrance of spiral inner tube 5 is arranged on the bottom centre of outer tube colling end 6, and the outlet of spiral inner tube 5 is located at
The bottom of outer tube insulating end 3, cooling medium is entered into up to the center of outer tube colling end 6, by bottom from inner tube inlet
Inner tube spiral to outer tube thermal insulation end 3 at, then from inner tube outlet out.
The cooling medium used in inner tube is the various fluids, cooling medium stream such as air, nitrogen, argon gas and water, oil
It is 0~2000L/min to measure.
During large-size aluminum alloy ingot is prepared using semi-continuous casting, uniform cooler is set to crystallizer
Interior, while be passed through cooling medium and open rotating, cooling medium enters from inner tube inlet and reaches uniform cooler bottom
The center of portion's colling end 6, by bottom spiral fashion inner tube, then spiral, cooling medium passes through bottom heat conduction material
Material and melt heat exchange, so as to cool down melt, then flow out from inner tube outlet, and uniform cooling effect of cooler is from bottom
Edge gradually strengthens to center, the stirring action of uniform cooler, makes melt by uniform cooler bottom coohng,
Cooling effect with reference to crystallizer to melt, realizes solid, comprehensive cooling radiating, has reached in melt
The purpose of outer cooling simultaneously, realizes the pressure uniform cooling of continuous dynamic of melt.
At the same time, uniform cooler colling end 6 carries blade 4, and during use, uniform cooler is rotated,
Force to drive melt to collect to uniform cooler bottom coohng end 6, realize melt uniform subcooling, the melt of continuous dynamic
By uniform cooler bottom coohng, continue to flow downward into liquid cave mushy zone, realize that the continuous dynamic of melt is equal
Even cooling and pressure feeding, finally prepare the big size ingot-casting of fine grain homogeneous.
Uniform cooler is arranged on semi-continuous casting platform, is deep into crystallizer in casting process, from melt
Portion applies uniform cooling to melt.During semi-continuous casting, uniform cooler is deep into crystallizer height and position,
One or more can be set；The rotary speed of package unit is 0~300r/min.
Embodiment 1
The aluminium alloy cast ingot of Φ 582mm specifications 7055 is prepared using apparatus of the present invention and method, uniform cooler is without setting
Blade construction is put, inner tube is standby using pure copper, inner tube diameter is 10mm, and thickness 1mm, spiral number is 20, spiral shell
Rotation distance is 3mm；Outer tube thermal insulation end 3 is made of high temperature resistant insulating ceramic, and external diameter is 300mm, and thickness is
10mm, a diameter of 350mm of bottom colling end 6, is made of graphite.
A uniform cooler is set on casting platform, as shown in Fig. 2 uniform cooler is concentric with crystallizer,
Uniform cooler bottom is concordant with crystallizer.In casting process, treat that melt enters in crystallizer, start continuous casting and lead
Uniform cooler is opened while drawing equipment, cooling medium is water, and flow is 10L/min, and casting speed is
50mm/min, until continuous casting terminates.
The aluminium alloy cast ingot of Φ 582mm specifications 7055 prepared using apparatus of the present invention and method, fine microstructures are uniform,
Average grain size is 219 μm, and crystallite dimension deviation is 8.72%.
Embodiment 2
The aluminium alloy cast ingot of Φ 582mm specifications 7055 is prepared using apparatus of the present invention and method, uniform cooler is set
There is blade construction, inner tube is standby using pure copper, inner tube diameter is 10mm, and thickness 1mm, spiral number is 20, spiral shell
Rotation distance is 3mm；Outer tube thermal insulation end 3 is made of high temperature resistant insulating ceramic, and external diameter is 300mm, and thickness is
10mm, a diameter of 350mm of bottom colling end 6, is made of graphite, and blade 4 is made of ceramics, the number of blade
It is 3, the width of blade 4 is 50mm.
A uniform cooler is set on casting platform, as shown in figure 3, uniform cooler is concentric with crystallizer,
Uniform cooler bottom is concordant with crystallizer.In casting process, treat that melt enters in crystallizer, start continuous casting and lead
Uniform cooler is opened while drawing equipment, cooling medium is water, and flow is 13L/min, and rotating speed is 60r/min,
Casting speed is 90mm/min, until continuous casting terminates.
The aluminium alloy cast ingot of Φ 582mm specifications 7055 prepared using apparatus of the present invention and method, fine microstructures are uniform,
Average grain size is 164 μm, and crystallite dimension deviation is 5.37%.
Comparative example 1 and 2, using rotating manner and the uniform cooler with blade construction prepare Φ 582mm
The aluminium alloy cast ingot of specification 7055, casting speed improves 80%, and average grain size reduces by 53%, and crystallite dimension is inclined
Difference reduces by 38%.
Uniform cooler of the invention is arranged on semi-continuous casting platform, is deep into crystallizer in casting process,
Apply uniform cooling to melt from inside melt.Uniform cooler is made up of inner and outer tubes, and inner tube is helical form,
Uniform cooler bottom is arranged on, cooling medium reaches uniform cooler outer tube colling end and changed by inner tube inlet
Heat, while the turning effort of uniform cooler, can accelerate the heat exchange of melt.Colling end carries blade construction, cold
But blade has stirring action when device is rotated, and forces to drive high ambient temperatures melt constantly to be converged to uniform cooler bottom
Collection, constantly adds to downwards in the middle of liquid cave, plays the effect of dynamic continuous uniform cooling, increases cooling dimension,
Realize and synchronously forced inside and outside melt the uniform cooling of continuous dynamic.Simple structure of the present invention, it is easy to use, can be significantly
Casting speed and production efficiency are improved, and the large-size aluminum alloy ingot even tissue for preparing is tiny, with extensive
Prospects for commercial application.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of uniform cooler for preparing large-size aluminum alloy ingot, it is characterised in that：It is made up of inner and outer tubes；
The top of described outer tube is adiabatic end, and bottom is colling end；Described inner tube includes spiral inner tube and is respectively provided with
In spiral inner tube inlet and the arrival end and the port of export of outlet, described spiral inner tube is arranged on outer tube in a spiral manner
Colling end in.
2. the uniform cooler for preparing large-size aluminum alloy ingot according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The adiabatic end of described outer tube is cylindrical shape, and colling end is hemispherical；The external diameter at the adiabatic end of described outer tube is little
In the external diameter of colling end, outside dimension is 100~800mm；The colling end of described outer tube is led using high temperature resistant
Hot material is made, and the outer tube wall cladding heat-insulating material at adiabatic end, or adiabatic end is made of high temperature resistant insulating ceramic.
3. the uniform cooler for preparing large-size aluminum alloy ingot according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
Described adiabatic end bottom is provided with blade, and the number of blade is 0~8；Described width of blade is 10~100mm, thick
It is 2~8mm to spend；Described blade is made of exotic material.
4. the uniform cooler for preparing large-size aluminum alloy ingot according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：
Described colling end is made of graphite, copper, molybdenum or titanium, and the outer tube wall at described adiabatic end coats asbestos；It is described
Blade be made of molybdenum, titanium, ceramics or graphite.
5. the uniform cooler for preparing large-size aluminum alloy ingot according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Described inner tube diameter is 2~30mm, 0.5~5mm of thickness；Spiral numerical digit be 3~50, spiral spacing be 0~
10mm；Described inner tube is made from a material that be thermally conductive.
6. the uniform cooler for preparing large-size aluminum alloy ingot according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：
Described inner tube is made of copper, steel, titanium or its composite.
7. a kind of method for preparing large-size aluminum alloy ingot, comprises the following steps：Prepared using semi-continuous casting big
During size aluminum alloy ingot, uniform cooler is set in crystallizer, while being passed through cooling medium and unlatching
Rotate, cooling medium enters from inner tube inlet and reaches uniform cooler bottom centre, and then spiral, passes through
Bottom Heat Conduction Material exchanges heat with melt, while the Stirring effect of uniform cooler, can accelerate the heat of center portion melt
Exchange；With reference to the outside cooling effect that crystallizer applies to melt, increase cooling dimension, realize same inside and outside melt
Step forces the uniform cooling of continuous dynamic, finally prepares big size ingot-casting.
8. the method for preparing large-size aluminum alloy ingot according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：Described
Cooling medium is air, nitrogen, argon gas and water or oil, and cooling medium consumption is 0~2000L/min.
9. the method for preparing large-size aluminum alloy ingot according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：Described
Uniform cooler is arranged on semi-continuous casting platform, and during semi-continuous casting, uniform cooler is deep into knot
Brilliant device height and position.
10. the method for preparing large-size aluminum alloy ingot according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：It is described
Uniform cooler quantity be one or more；The rotary speed of described uniform cooler is 0~300r/min.
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| CN106925732B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2019-09-03 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of uniform cooler preparing large-size aluminum alloy ingot and method |
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| CN106925732B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2019-09-03 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of uniform cooler preparing large-size aluminum alloy ingot and method |
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| CN108772541A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2018-11-09 | 新疆众和股份有限公司 | Aluminum alloy casting apparatus |
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