WO2021035604A1

WO2021035604A1 - Low-cold electromagnetic semi-continuous casting device and method

Info

Publication number: WO2021035604A1
Application number: PCT/CN2019/103223
Authority: WO
Inventors: 乐启炽; 贾永辉; 王航; 牛燕霞; 赵大志
Original assignee: 东北大学
Priority date: 2019-08-28
Filing date: 2019-08-29
Publication date: 2021-03-04
Also published as: CN110405170B; CN110405170A

Abstract

Provided are low-cold electromagnetic semi-continuous casting device and method, the device comprises a crystallizer, an upper dielectric plate (4) is disposed between an outer sleeve top plate and an inner sleeve (3); the clearance between the inner edge of an bottom plate (14) of the crystallizer and the outer wall of the inner sleeve (3) is as a cooling water channel; the inner sleeve (3) is surrounded by a water stop plate (16), the space between the water stop plate (16) and an outer sleeve side plate is as a cooling water cavity; the method is: (i) cooling water is fed into the cooling water cavity via a cooling water inlet pipe (8, 11), then the first cooling water and secondary cooling water are formed and sprayed to the outer wall of the inner sleeve (3); (ii) an magnetic exciting coil (19) is powered on by a power source to generate a magnetic field; (iii) an alloy melt is poured into the inner sleeve (3), and a dummy head (10) is started for continuous casting; (iv) cooling water is sprayed to an ingot casting surface via three cooling water pipes (6) for three times. The device has the simple structure, maintenance is easy, production efficiency can be increased; cooling intensity can be controlled and regulated easily; and surfaces of large-size ingot castings prepared are of good quality.

Description

一种低一冷的电磁半连续铸造装置及方法Low one cold electromagnetic semi-continuous casting device and method

技术领域Technical field

本发明属于金属材料制备技术领域，特别涉及一种低一冷的电磁半连续铸造装置及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material preparation, and particularly relates to a low-cooling electromagnetic semi-continuous casting device and method.

背景技术Background technique

Direct chill(DC)铸造即半连续铸造，具有结晶速度高、力学性能好、金属纯净度高、生产效率高等优点，是目前工业生产制备金属及其合金锭坯的主要方法之一，特别是铝、镁、铜及其合金锭坯的制备；半连铸过程中金属熔体经水冷结晶器、二次冷却连续结晶凝固成坯。Direct chill (DC) casting is semi-continuous casting, which has the advantages of high crystallization speed, good mechanical properties, high metal purity, and high production efficiency. It is currently one of the main methods for preparing metal and alloy ingots in industrial production, especially aluminum , Magnesium, copper and its alloy ingot preparation; in the semi-continuous casting process, the molten metal is continuously crystallized and solidified into a billet through a water-cooled crystallizer and secondary cooling.

随着我国轨道交通、航空航天、通讯电子及军事工业的发展，对大规格、高质量锭坯及大中型结构型材的需求日益增长；但是，目前采用传统半连续铸造方法制备大规格锭坯不可避免地存在组织粗大不均匀、成分偏析严重和易产生裂纹等问题，导致后续大规格型材在变形加工中产生开裂、力学性能不均匀、产品质量差、成品率低等问题，对于热裂敏感性较高的合金种类，目前仍无法实现大规格锭坯的制备，不能满足高端制造业对大规格、高质量锭坯的需求，严重影响行业的发展和产品竞争力的提高；造成上述缺陷的主要原因是由于大规格(圆锭直径大于等于300mm，或扁锭宽度大于等于500mm且宽厚比δ为1～5)易裂合金(如EW75、ZK60、AZ21或3％＜RE质量含量＜15％的Mg-RE)锭坯铸造时，普通半连续铸造结晶器冷却强度有限且冷却形式单一，存在由内及外的取向性，铸锭横截面上不同部位温度梯度和冷却速率差异较大，必然使铸造速度降低，熔体内形核较少且不均匀，导致锭坯表面质量差、内部产生大面积的柱状晶且内外晶粒尺寸差异较大，同时由于凝固顺序上的差异导致严重的宏观偏析和内应力；因此，如何进一步大规格半连续铸造锭坯的冶金质量、提高组织均匀与细化效果，减少偏析和应力的产生是金属坯料制备行业亟待解决的问题。With the development of China’s rail transit, aerospace, communications and electronics, and military industries, the demand for large-sized, high-quality ingots and large and medium-sized structural profiles is increasing; however, it is currently impossible to prepare large-sized ingots using traditional semi-continuous casting methods. Avoid problems such as coarse and uneven structure, serious segregation of components, and easy cracking, which will lead to problems such as cracking, uneven mechanical properties, poor product quality, and low yield of subsequent large-size profiles during deformation processing. It is sensitive to thermal cracking. For higher alloy types, it is still impossible to prepare large-size ingots, and cannot meet the high-end manufacturing industry's demand for large-size and high-quality ingots, which seriously affects the development of the industry and the improvement of product competitiveness; the main causes of the above-mentioned defects The reason is due to the large size (the diameter of the round ingot is greater than or equal to 300mm, or the width of the slab is greater than or equal to 500mm and the width-to-thickness ratio δ is 1 to 5) easily cracked alloys (such as EW75, ZK60, AZ21 or 3%<RE mass content<15%) During Mg-RE) ingot casting, the ordinary semi-continuous casting mold has limited cooling strength and a single cooling form. There are internal and external orientations. The temperature gradient and cooling rate of different parts of the ingot cross section are different, which will inevitably cause The casting speed is reduced, the nucleation in the melt is less and uneven, resulting in poor surface quality of the ingot, large-area columnar crystals inside, and large difference in grain size between the inside and outside. At the same time, the difference in solidification sequence leads to serious macro-segregation. Therefore, how to further the metallurgical quality of large-size semi-continuous casting ingots, improve the uniformity and refinement of the structure, and reduce the generation of segregation and stress is an urgent problem to be solved in the metal blank preparation industry.

为解决上述问题，研究人员已做了大量的研究，主要通过调整结晶器结构、优化工艺参数及施加外场(电磁场和超声场等)等方式，其根本是调节凝固液穴金属熔体的温度分布和凝固速率；中国实用新型专利CN104722730A公开了一种连续制备大尺寸高品质铝合金铸锭的装置和方法，在导流管中心设置一根高导磁芯棒，导磁芯棒与导流管内壁形成一个下狭窄的缝隙通道，以改变熔体中的磁场分布，得到均匀的电磁搅拌力，使熔体温度温度和成分分布均匀；中国实用新型专利CN205236991U公开了一种制备大规格高品质铝合金铸锭的装置，通过施加磁场、在熔体中心设置搅拌叶片以及采用冷却介质为空气、氮气、水或油的冷却器来调节凝固温度场来改善锭坯质量。但上述铸造结晶器结构复杂，且熔体中心冷却装置与金属熔体接触，长时间受高温熔体侵蚀，污染熔体；此外，目前半连续铸造结晶器的一次和二次冷却互相关联，无法独立调整、协调一次和二次冷却；中国发明专利ZL201710214270.6和ZL201710214267.4等通过施加电磁外场，改变电磁参数等控制熔体的流动状态，改变液穴中的熔体散热，从而细化凝固组织、抑制偏析和热裂，提高铸锭冶金质量；中国发明专利ZL200710010640.0《功率超声与低频电磁协同作用的轻合金水平连续铸造方法及设备》公开了一种在镁合金棒材DC半连续铸造过程中同时施加组合功率超声与低频电磁，利用功率超声克服电磁趋肤效应，利用电磁强制对流克服功率超声因能量快速衰减而作用区域有限的局限性，实现了较大规格镁合金棒材铸造的组织细化和元素分布均匀化的效果。In order to solve the above problems, researchers have done a lot of research, mainly by adjusting the structure of the mold, optimizing process parameters and applying external fields (electromagnetic field and ultrasonic field, etc.), which is basically to adjust the temperature distribution of the molten metal in the solidification liquid cavity. And solidification rate; Chinese utility model patent CN104722730A discloses a device and method for continuously preparing large-size and high-quality aluminum alloy ingots. A high-permeability core rod is set in the center of the draft tube. The wall forms a narrow gap channel to change the magnetic field distribution in the melt, obtain uniform electromagnetic stirring force, and make the melt temperature and composition distribution uniform; Chinese utility model patent CN205236991U discloses a method for preparing large-scale high-quality aluminum The alloy ingot casting device improves the quality of the ingot by applying a magnetic field, setting a stirring blade in the center of the melt, and using a cooler with air, nitrogen, water or oil as the cooling medium to adjust the solidification temperature field. However, the above-mentioned casting mold has a complicated structure, and the central cooling device of the melt is in contact with the metal melt, and it is corroded by the high-temperature melt for a long time and pollutes the melt. In addition, the current primary and secondary cooling of the semi-continuous casting mold are related to each other. Independent adjustment and coordination of primary and secondary cooling; Chinese invention patents ZL201710214270.6 and ZL201710214267.4, etc., control the flow state of the melt by applying electromagnetic external fields, changing electromagnetic parameters, etc., and change the heat dissipation of the melt in the liquid cavity, thereby refining the solidification Organize, suppress segregation and hot cracking, and improve the metallurgical quality of ingots; Chinese invention patent ZL200710010640.0 "Light alloy horizontal continuous casting method and equipment with synergistic effect of power ultrasonic and low frequency electromagnetic" discloses a semi-continuous DC semi-continuous casting of magnesium alloy bars During the casting process, combined power ultrasound and low-frequency electromagnetic are applied simultaneously, power ultrasound is used to overcome the electromagnetic skin effect, and electromagnetic forced convection is used to overcome the limitation of power ultrasound due to the rapid attenuation of energy and the limited area of action, realizing the casting of large-size magnesium alloy bars The effect of the refinement of the organization and the homogenization of the element distribution.

上述技术均通过在单一负载线圈中施加电流来实现电磁场的施加，由于电磁趋肤效应，为达到技术效果需要施加很大的电流，即使如此，在较大规格锭坯凝固时往往也难以达到理想的技术效果；同时，铸造过程中如果同时施加组合功率超声和电磁场，致使铸造结晶器结构复杂，操作困难；此外，超声处理熔体时往往需要有足够的处理时间才能显著的细化凝固组织，但是半连续铸造往往是较快速的连续铸造过程，因此，该工艺在实际工业生产中仍存在一定局限性。The above technologies all realize the application of electromagnetic field by applying current in a single load coil. Due to the electromagnetic skin effect, a large current needs to be applied to achieve the technical effect. Even so, it is often difficult to achieve the ideal when a large-sized ingot is solidified. At the same time, if combined power ultrasonic and electromagnetic fields are applied at the same time during the casting process, the structure of the casting mold is complicated and the operation is difficult; in addition, the ultrasonic treatment of the melt often requires sufficient processing time to significantly refine the solidification structure. However, semi-continuous casting is often a relatively fast continuous casting process. Therefore, this process still has certain limitations in actual industrial production.

发明概述Summary of the invention

技术问题technical problem

问题的解决方案The solution to the problem

技术解决方案Technical solutions

针对现有半连续铸造结晶器存在的如结晶器结构复杂、一次及二次冷却无法独立调节、结晶器高度方向散热协调困难以及电磁趋肤效应等问题。本发明提供一种低一冷的电磁半连续铸造装置及方法，采用冷却水腔与金属内套分离的结构，使冷却水腔内的冷却水通过出水孔流向内套，进而实现冷却方式的调节，同时可实现扁坯铸造时锭坯宽面和窄面冷却强度的调控。In view of the existing semi-continuous casting molds, such as the complex structure of the mold, the inability to independently adjust the primary and secondary cooling, the difficulty in coordination of heat dissipation in the height direction of the mold, and the electromagnetic skin effect. The invention provides a low-cooling electromagnetic semi-continuous casting device and method. The cooling water cavity and the metal inner sleeve are separated from the structure, so that the cooling water in the cooling water cavity flows to the inner sleeve through the water outlet hole, thereby realizing the adjustment of the cooling mode , At the same time, it can realize the control of the cooling strength of the wide and narrow sides of the ingot during slab casting.

本发明的低一冷的电磁半连续铸造装置包括熔体分流装置、结晶器和引锭头；结晶器的外套由外套顶板和外套侧板构成，内套为筒状且上部的外壁上固定有连接板，外套顶板和内套之间设有上介板；结晶器的底板内沿与内套外壁之间的间隙作为冷却水通道，底板的内沿与挡水板的底端连接，挡水板的顶端与外套顶板固定连接，挡水板环绕在内套外，挡水板与外套侧板之间的空间作为冷却水腔，冷却水腔内设有励磁线圈，挡水板上设有上出水孔和下出水孔朝向内套的外壁；所述的挡水板的上沿和下沿分别设有加厚层；上出水孔和下出水孔分别位于上沿和下沿的加厚层上；冷却水腔内设有水平隔板，水平隔板的内沿与挡水板固定连接，水平隔板的外沿与外套侧板固定连接，水平隔板将冷却水腔分隔为上部水腔和下部水腔；上部水腔和下部水腔分别通过外套侧板上的冷却水进水管与外部连通。The low-cooling electromagnetic semi-continuous casting device of the present invention includes a melt split device, a crystallizer and a starter head; the outer shell of the crystallizer is composed of an outer jacket top plate and an outer jacket side plate, and the inner sleeve is cylindrical and the upper outer wall is fixed Connecting plate, an upper intermediate plate is arranged between the top plate of the outer jacket and the inner sleeve; the gap between the inner edge of the bottom plate of the mold and the outer wall of the inner sleeve is used as a cooling water channel, and the inner edge of the bottom plate is connected with the bottom end of the water baffle to prevent water The top of the plate is fixedly connected with the top plate of the outer sleeve, the water baffle surrounds the inner sleeve, and the space between the water baffle and the side plate of the outer sleeve is used as a cooling water cavity. The cooling water cavity is provided with an excitation coil and the water baffle is provided with an upper The water outlet holes and the lower water outlet holes face the outer wall of the inner sleeve; the upper and lower edges of the water baffle are respectively provided with thickened layers; the upper and lower water outlet holes are respectively located on the thicker layers of the upper and lower edges ; The cooling water cavity is equipped with a horizontal partition, the inner edge of the horizontal partition is fixedly connected with the water baffle plate, the outer edge of the horizontal partition is fixedly connected with the side plate of the outer jacket, and the horizontal partition divides the cooling water chamber into the upper water chamber and The lower water cavity; the upper water cavity and the lower water cavity are respectively communicated with the outside through the cooling water inlet pipe on the side plate of the outer jacket.

上述装置中，上部水腔和下部水腔内分别设有励磁线圈，励磁线圈通过线圈压板和螺栓固定，与励磁线圈连接的电缆穿过外套侧板上的电缆通孔与电源连接。In the above device, excitation coils are respectively arranged in the upper water cavity and the lower water cavity, and the excitation coils are fixed by coil pressing plates and bolts, and the cables connected to the excitation coils pass through the cable through holes on the side plate of the outer casing to be connected to the power source.

上述装置中，挡水板上固定有加强筋，加强筋的顶端与上沿的加厚层固定连接，加强筋的底端与下沿的加厚层连接。In the above device, a reinforcing rib is fixed on the water retaining plate, the top end of the reinforcing rib is fixedly connected with the thickened layer of the upper edge, and the bottom end of the reinforcing rib is connected with the thickened layer of the lower edge.

上述装置中，挡水板的厚度1～3mm，加厚层的厚度10～16mm。In the above device, the thickness of the water baffle is 1 to 3 mm, and the thickness of the thickened layer is 10 to 16 mm.

上述装置中，冷却水腔内设有若干个垂直隔板，垂直隔板的上沿与外套顶板固定连接，垂直隔板的下沿与底板固定连接，垂直隔板的内沿与挡水板上的加强筋固定连接，垂直隔板的外沿与外套侧板固定连接；励磁线圈分别穿过各垂直隔板；若干个垂直隔板将冷却水腔沿周向分隔为若干个分水腔，各分水腔分别通过外套侧板上的冷却水进水管与外部连通。In the above device, there are several vertical partitions in the cooling water chamber, the upper edge of the vertical partition is fixedly connected with the top plate of the outer jacket, the lower edge of the vertical partition is fixedly connected with the bottom plate, and the inner edge of the vertical partition is fixedly connected with the water baffle plate. The reinforcing ribs of the vertical partition are fixedly connected, the outer edge of the vertical partition is fixedly connected with the side plate of the outer jacket; the excitation coil passes through the vertical partitions respectively; a number of vertical partitions divide the cooling water cavity into several water diversion cavities in the circumferential direction, each The water diversion cavity is respectively communicated with the outside through the cooling water inlet pipe on the side plate of the outer jacket.

上述装置中，结晶器的下方设有三冷水管，三冷水管环绕在引锭头***，三冷水管上设有三冷水出水孔朝向引锭头方向，三冷水管上设有两个以上的进水口，各进水口通过管道与三冷水管内部连通；三冷水管上固定有螺栓孔的固定板，通过螺栓孔将三冷水管固定在结晶器的底板上。In the above device, there are three cold water pipes under the crystallizer, the three cold water pipes surround the periphery of the starter head, the third cold water pipes are provided with three cold water outlets facing the direction of the starter head, and the three cold water pipes are provided with more than two water inlets. , Each water inlet is communicated with the inside of the three cold water pipes through pipes; a fixing plate with bolt holes is fixed on the three cold water pipes, and the three cold water pipes are fixed on the bottom plate of the crystallizer through the bolt holes.

上述装置中，上介板由水平环形板和垂直环形板构成一体结构，水平环形板与垂直环形板互相垂直，水平环形板位于垂直环形板的外侧；水平环形板顶面与连接板连接，底面与外套顶板的顶面连接；垂直环形板的螺栓孔与内套上的螺纹孔相对应，垂直环形板通过螺栓与内套固定，垂直环形板位于外套顶板的内端面和内套外壁之间。In the above device, the upper intermediate plate is composed of a horizontal annular plate and a vertical annular plate. The horizontal annular plate and the vertical annular plate are perpendicular to each other, and the horizontal annular plate is located outside the vertical annular plate; the top surface of the horizontal annular plate is connected with the connecting plate, and the bottom surface It is connected with the top surface of the top plate of the outer sleeve; the bolt holes of the vertical ring plate correspond to the threaded holes on the inner sleeve, and the vertical ring plate is fixed to the inner sleeve by bolts. The vertical ring plate is located between the inner end surface of the top plate of the outer sleeve and the outer wall of the inner sleeve.

上述装置中，内套水平截面为圆形或带有圆角的矩形；内套的内壁面与轴线平行，或者与轴线有之间有≤5°的夹角；当内壁面与轴线之间有夹角时，内套内部空间的顶部截面面积小于顶部截面面积；内套下部的垂直截面为楔形，垂直截面为楔形的部分位于底板下方。In the above device, the horizontal cross-section of the inner sleeve is circular or rectangular with rounded corners; the inner wall of the inner sleeve is parallel to the axis, or there is an included angle of ≤5° between the inner wall and the axis; When the angle is included, the top cross-sectional area of the inner space of the inner sleeve is smaller than the top cross-sectional area; the vertical section of the lower part of the inner sleeve is wedge-shaped, and the wedge-shaped part of the vertical cross-section is located below the bottom plate.

上述装置中，分流装置的分流盘位于内套内部上方，分流盘装配在高度调节装置上，高度调节装置装配在外套顶板上。In the above device, the diverter disk of the diverter device is located above the inner sleeve, the diverter disk is assembled on the height adjustment device, and the height adjustment device is assembled on the top plate of the outer jacket.

本发明的低一冷的电磁半连续铸造方法是采用上述装置，按以下步骤进行：The low-cooling electromagnetic semi-continuous casting method of the present invention adopts the above-mentioned device and performs the following steps:

1、通过冷却水进水管向冷却水腔内通入冷却水，冷却水经上出水孔和下出水孔喷出，分别形成一次冷却水和二次冷却水，一次冷却水和二次冷却水喷洒到内套外壁，并沿内套外壁流下；1. Pass the cooling water into the cooling water cavity through the cooling water inlet pipe, and spray the cooling water through the upper and lower water outlets to form primary cooling water and secondary cooling water, respectively, spraying of primary cooling water and secondary cooling water To the outer wall of the inner sleeve, and flow down along the outer wall of the inner sleeve;

2、通过电源对励磁线圈通电，产生磁场作用于内套内部空间；2. The excitation coil is energized through the power supply, and a magnetic field is generated to act on the inner space of the inner sleeve;

3、将合金熔体浇入分流装置的分流盘内，经分流盘进入结晶器的内套内部，合金熔体受磁场作用，并在内套的冷却作用下逐渐凝固，在内套底部形成糊状熔体和铸锭；当内套内的合金熔体达到设定高度时，启动引锭头使凝固的铸锭向下移动，开始连铸；3. Pour the alloy melt into the shunt plate of the shunt device and enter the inner sleeve of the mold through the shunt plate. The alloy melt is affected by the magnetic field and gradually solidifies under the cooling effect of the inner sleeve, forming a paste at the bottom of the inner sleeve. When the alloy melt in the inner sleeve reaches the set height, start the starter head to move the solidified ingot downward and start continuous casting;

4、形成的铸锭底端脱离结晶器内套时，通过结晶器下方的三冷水管向铸锭表面喷洒三次冷却水，使铸锭继续降温，直至完成连铸。4. When the bottom end of the formed ingot is separated from the inner sleeve of the crystallizer, spray cooling water three times on the surface of the ingot through the three cold water pipes under the crystallizer, so that the temperature of the ingot will continue to decrease until the continuous casting is completed.

上述方法中，当铸锭为圆锭时，单位时间内二次冷却水与一次冷却水的流量比为0.8～1.2；当铸锭为长扁锭时，单位时间内，二次冷却水与一次冷却水的流量比为0.8～1.2，并且单位时间内，窄的二次冷却水与宽面的二次冷却水的流量比为0.8～1.0，窄面的一次冷却水与宽面的一次冷却水的流量比为0.8～1.0。In the above method, when the ingot is a round ingot, the flow ratio of the secondary cooling water to the primary cooling water per unit time is 0.8-1.2; when the ingot is a long slab, the secondary cooling water and the primary cooling water per unit time The flow rate ratio of cooling water is 0.8 to 1.2, and the flow ratio of the narrow secondary cooling water to the secondary cooling water of the wide surface is 0.8 to 1.0 per unit time, the primary cooling water of the narrow surface and the primary cooling water of the wide surface The flow rate ratio is 0.8 to 1.0.

上述方法中，连铸时的铸造速度为10～100mm/min。In the above method, the casting speed during continuous casting is 10 to 100 mm/min.

上述方法中，单位时间内，三次冷却水与一次冷却水的流量比为0.5～1.0。In the above method, the flow ratio of the tertiary cooling water to the primary cooling water per unit time is 0.5 to 1.0.

上述方法中，铸锭为镁合金、铝合金、铜或铜合金。In the above method, the ingot is magnesium alloy, aluminum alloy, copper or copper alloy.

上述方法中，铸锭为圆锭或长扁锭，其中圆锭的直径≥300mm，长扁锭宽度≥500mm且宽厚比在1～5之间；当铸锭为圆锭时，采用的内套水平截面为圆形；当铸锭为长扁锭时，采用的内套水平截面为带有圆角的矩形；当铸锭为长扁锭时，冷却水腔内设有若干个垂直隔板，垂直隔板的上沿与外套顶板固定连接，垂直隔板的下沿与底板固定连接，垂直隔板的内沿与挡水板上的加强筋固定连接，垂直隔板的外沿与外套侧板固定连接；励磁线圈分别穿过各垂直隔板，且励磁线圈通过线圈压板和螺栓固定；若干个垂直隔板将冷却水腔沿周向分隔为若干个分水腔，各分水腔分别通过外套侧板上的冷却水进水管与外部连通。In the above method, the ingot is a round ingot or a long slab, wherein the diameter of the round ingot is ≥300mm, the width of the long slab is ≥500mm, and the width-to-thickness ratio is between 1 and 5. When the ingot is a round ingot, the inner sleeve used The horizontal section is circular; when the ingot is a long slab, the horizontal section of the inner sleeve is a rectangle with rounded corners; when the ingot is a long slab, there are several vertical partitions in the cooling water cavity, The upper edge of the vertical partition is fixedly connected with the top plate of the jacket, the lower edge of the vertical partition is fixedly connected with the bottom plate, the inner edge of the vertical partition is fixedly connected with the reinforcing ribs on the water retaining plate, and the outer edge of the vertical partition is fixed with the side plate of the jacket. Fixed connection; the excitation coils respectively pass through the vertical partitions, and the excitation coils are fixed by coil pressing plates and bolts; several vertical partitions divide the cooling water cavity into several water diversion cavities in the circumferential direction, and each water diversion cavity passes through the outer jacket. The cooling water inlet pipe on the side plate communicates with the outside.

传统半连续铸造结晶器通常采用冷却水腔与金属内套之间相互接触的结构，一次冷却为循环冷却水与内套外壁面的接触换热，二次冷却为水箱底部环冷水直接喷淋至金属凝固壳坯表面的对流换热，上述二次冷却强度较大且一次、二次冷却不能各自独立调节强度；同时，由于铸锭凝固收缩，存在二冷水向上飞溅至高温熔体内的风险；此外，传统电磁铸造多采用单线圈的低频交变磁场，磁场趋效应明显；针对上述缺点，本发明将冷却水腔与内套分离，冷却水腔采用分隔式结构，形成独立可调的一次和二次冷却，实现低强度的一次冷却而不影响二次冷却的强度。The traditional semi-continuous casting mold usually adopts the structure in which the cooling water cavity and the metal inner sleeve are in contact with each other. The primary cooling is the contact heat exchange between the circulating cooling water and the outer wall of the inner sleeve, and the secondary cooling is the direct spraying of the cold water from the bottom of the water tank to the outer wall of the inner sleeve. Convective heat transfer on the surface of the solidified metal shell, the above-mentioned secondary cooling is relatively strong and the primary and secondary cooling cannot independently adjust the strength; at the same time, due to the solidification and shrinkage of the ingot, there is a risk of the secondary cold water splashing upwards into the high-temperature melt; In addition, traditional electromagnetic casting mostly uses a single-coil low-frequency alternating magnetic field, and the magnetic field tends to have obvious effects; in view of the above shortcomings, the present invention separates the cooling water cavity from the inner sleeve, and the cooling water cavity adopts a partitioned structure to form an independently adjustable primary and Secondary cooling, to achieve low-intensity primary cooling without affecting the strength of secondary cooling.

铸造铝合金或镁合金时，铸造过程中金属熔体和内套之间采用的润滑剂为润滑油；当铸造合金为铜及其合金时，金属熔体与内套之间采用的润滑采用碳粉，同时起到防止氧化的作用；铸造结束后，将内套连同上介板吊离冷却水腔，分别进行维护和保养；通过底部水腔排水管道将水腔内剩余冷却水排出，避免水箱内部生锈，延长设备使用寿命。When casting aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy, the lubricant used between the molten metal and the inner sleeve during the casting process is lubricating oil; when the casting alloy is copper and its alloy, the lubrication used between the molten metal and the inner sleeve is carbon At the same time, it plays a role in preventing oxidation; after casting, the inner sleeve and the upper intermediate plate are lifted away from the cooling water cavity for maintenance and maintenance; the remaining cooling water in the water cavity is drained through the bottom water cavity drainage pipe to avoid the water tank The inside is rusty, which prolongs the service life of the equipment.

发明的有益效果The beneficial effects of the invention

有益效果Beneficial effect

与现有铸造结晶器相比，本发明具有以下优点和积极效果：Compared with the existing casting mold, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects:

1、内套结构简单、导热性等优点，能够满足镁、铝、铜及其合金等不同材质锭坯的制备；1. The inner sleeve has the advantages of simple structure and thermal conductivity, which can meet the preparation of ingots of different materials such as magnesium, aluminum, copper and their alloys;

2、采用上介板和内套组合的装配方式，结合金属内套本身自重，只需较小宽度的连接板即可完成内套的固定和定位，安装拆卸简单，易于维护保养，节省成本；2. The assembly method of the upper intermediate plate and the inner sleeve is combined with the self-weight of the metal inner sleeve, and the inner sleeve can be fixed and positioned only by a smaller width connecting plate. The installation and disassembly are simple, easy to maintain and save costs;

3、冷却水套与内套分离，内套的高度大于冷却水腔高度，冷却水经挡水板喷射至金属内套，沿其外壁顺流而下至锭坯表面，可避免冷却水飞溅与高温熔体接触，拆装简单，能够提高生产效率；在铸造长扁锭时，通过设置垂直隔板，实现扁坯铸造时锭坯宽面和窄面冷却强度的调控；3. The cooling water jacket is separated from the inner jacket. The height of the inner jacket is greater than the height of the cooling water cavity. The cooling water is sprayed to the metal inner jacket through the water baffle, and flows down to the surface of the ingot along the outer wall, which can avoid splashing and splashing of the cooling water. High-temperature melt contact, easy disassembly and assembly, can improve production efficiency; when casting long slabs, by setting vertical partitions, the cooling strength of the wide and narrow sides of the ingot can be controlled during slab casting;

4、采用两组励磁线圈，可实现单相或差相位磁场，产生不同的电磁搅拌效果，同时可有效减小电磁的趋肤效应，增加磁场穿透深度。4. Two sets of excitation coils can be used to realize single-phase or phase-difference magnetic fields, and produce different electromagnetic stirring effects. At the same time, it can effectively reduce the electromagnetic skin effect and increase the penetration depth of the magnetic field.

对附图的简要说明Brief description of the drawings

附图说明Description of the drawings

图1是本发明实施例1中的低一冷的电磁半连续铸造装置轴侧结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the shaft side structure of a low one cold electromagnetic semi-continuous casting device in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

图2是本发明实施例1中的低一冷的电磁半连续铸造装置剖面结构示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of the electromagnetic semi-continuous casting device with lower one cold in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

图3是本发明实施例1中的挡水板轴侧结构示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the shaft side structure of the water baffle in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

图4是本发明实施例1中的内套半剖结构示意图；4 is a schematic diagram of a half-sectional structure of the inner sleeve in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

图5是本发明实施例1中的上介板轴侧结构示意图；5 is a schematic diagram of the shaft side structure of the upper intermediate plate in the embodiment 1 of the present invention;

图6是本发明实施例1中的长扁锭外观照片图；Figure 6 is a photograph of the appearance of a long flat ingot in Example 1 of the present invention;

图7是本发明实施例1中的长扁锭产品经过铣削后的外观照片图；Figure 7 is a photograph of the appearance of the long flat ingot product in Example 1 of the present invention after milling;

图8是本发明实施例2中的圆锭外观照片图；Figure 8 is a photograph of the appearance of the round ingot in Example 2 of the present invention;

图9是本发明实施例3中的圆锭外观照片图；9 is a photograph of the appearance of the round ingot in Example 3 of the present invention;

图中：1、外套，2、熔体分流装置，3、内套，4、上介板，5、放气阀，6、三冷水管，7、排水管，8、宽面冷却水进水管，9、电缆通孔，10、引锭头，11、窄面冷却水进水管，12、线圈压板，13、底板螺栓，14、底板，15、高度调节装置，16、挡水板，17、线圈固定螺杆，18、水平隔板，19、励磁线圈，20、线圈固定螺母，21、进水口，22、三冷水管固定螺杆，23、连接板，24、内套螺栓孔，25、把手，26、上介板螺栓孔，27、上出水孔，28、加强筋，29、下出水孔。In the picture: 1. Outer jacket, 2. Melt shunting device, 3. Inner sleeve, 4. Upper intermediate plate, 5. Air release valve, 6. Three cold water pipes, 7. Drain pipe, 8. Wide cooling water inlet pipe , 9, cable through hole, 10, starter head, 11, narrow surface cooling water inlet pipe, 12, coil pressing plate, 13, bottom plate bolt, 14, bottom plate, 15, height adjustment device, 16, water baffle, 17, Coil fixing screw, 18, horizontal partition, 19, excitation coil, 20, coil fixing nut, 21, water inlet, 22, three cold water pipe fixing screw, 23, connecting plate, 24, inner bolt hole, 25, handle, 26. Bolt holes on the upper intermediate plate, 27, upper outlet hole, 28, stiffener, 29, lower outlet hole.

发明实施例Invention embodiment

本发明的实施方式Embodiments of the present invention

下面结合附图对本发明进行进一步的描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

本发明实施例中内套材质为紫铜、6061铝合金、6063铝合金、6082铝合金、钛合金或奥氏体不锈钢。In the embodiment of the present invention, the material of the inner sleeve is red copper, 6061 aluminum alloy, 6063 aluminum alloy, 6082 aluminum alloy, titanium alloy or austenitic stainless steel.

本发明实施例中内套高度220～500m；除楔形部分和连接板以外，厚度8～30mm。In the embodiment of the present invention, the height of the inner sleeve is 220-500m; except for the wedge-shaped part and the connecting plate, the thickness is 8-30mm.

本发明实施例中内套材质为紫铜时，内壁面镀有厚度0.04～0.16mm的镀铬层。In the embodiment of the present invention, when the material of the inner sleeve is red copper, the inner wall surface is plated with a chromium plating layer with a thickness of 0.04-0.16 mm.

本发明实施例中上介板厚度3～8mm。In the embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the upper intermediate board is 3-8mm.

本发明实施例中上介板的螺栓孔直径8～10mm，相邻两个螺栓孔的间距0.2～0.5m。In the embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the bolt hole of the upper intermediate plate is 8-10mm, and the distance between two adjacent bolt holes is 0.2-0.5m.

本发明实施例中外套和底板的材质为碳钢、不锈钢或铝合金。In the embodiment of the present invention, the outer shell and the bottom plate are made of carbon steel, stainless steel or aluminum alloy.

本发明实施例中外套侧板上设有2～4个放气阀5与冷却水腔连通，用于调节水压。In the embodiment of the present invention, 2 to 4 air release valves 5 are provided on the side plate of the outer jacket to communicate with the cooling water cavity for adjusting the water pressure.

本发明实施例中底板14上设有带阀门的排水管7用于停工时排出积水。In the embodiment of the present invention, a drain pipe 7 with a valve is provided on the bottom plate 14 for draining water when the work is stopped.

本发明实施例中上介板4的顶面上设有把手25，用于起吊安装。In the embodiment of the present invention, a handle 25 is provided on the top surface of the upper intermediate board 4 for lifting and installation.

本发明实施例中底板14通过底板螺栓13与外套侧板固定连接，并通过密封圈和密封胶密封。In the embodiment of the present invention, the bottom plate 14 is fixedly connected to the side plate of the outer jacket through the bottom plate bolt 13 and is sealed by a sealing ring and a sealant.

本发明实施例中挡水板顶端与外套顶板焊接固定，挡水板底端与底板通过密封条密封连接。In the embodiment of the present invention, the top end of the water baffle plate is welded and fixed with the top plate of the outer jacket, and the bottom end of the water baffle plate and the bottom plate are hermetically connected by a sealing strip.

本发明实施例中挡水板材质为奥氏体不锈钢，利用其良好的透磁性能。The material of the water baffle in the embodiment of the present invention is austenitic stainless steel, which utilizes its good magnetic permeability.

本发明实施例中挡水板的加厚层高度20～30mm。The height of the thickened layer of the water baffle in the embodiment of the present invention is 20-30 mm.

本发明实施例中出水孔孔径0.8～4mm，截面为圆形、半圆形或矩形。In the embodiment of the present invention, the aperture of the water outlet hole is 0.8-4mm, and the cross section is circular, semicircular or rectangular.

本发明实施例中出水孔的轴线与水平面夹角≤60°(出水孔朝上或朝下)。In the embodiment of the present invention, the included angle between the axis of the water outlet hole and the horizontal plane is less than or equal to 60° (the water outlet hole faces upward or downward).

本发明实施例中挡水板的同一个增厚层上的各出水孔沿挡水板周向排成一排，相邻两个出水孔的间距5～20mm。In the embodiment of the present invention, the water outlet holes on the same thickened layer of the water baffle are arranged in a row along the circumferential direction of the water baffle, and the distance between two adjacent water outlets is 5-20 mm.

本发明实施例中挡水板上沿的增厚层上的出水孔与挡水板上沿的垂直间距5～20mm，下沿的增厚层上的出水孔与挡水板下沿的垂直间距5～20mm。In the embodiment of the present invention, the vertical distance between the water outlet hole on the thickened layer of the upper edge of the water retaining plate and the upper edge of the water retaining plate is 5-20mm, and the vertical distance between the water outlet hole on the thickened layer of the lower edge and the lower edge of the water retaining plate 5～20mm.

本发明实施例中挡水板上的出水孔与内套的水平间距10～40mm.In the embodiment of the present invention, the horizontal distance between the water outlet hole on the baffle and the inner sleeve is 10-40mm.

本发明实施例中的励磁线圈采用螺线管线圈、克莱姆绕组线圈或齿形绕组线圈。The excitation coil in the embodiment of the present invention adopts a solenoid coil, a Cramer winding coil or a toothed winding coil.

本发明实施例中的励磁线圈采用的电磁线为厚2～4mm、宽2～10mm的双层聚酰亚胺-氟46复合薄膜包扁铜线，或者为直径为2～5mm的圆形水泵线。The magnet wire used in the excitation coil in the embodiment of the present invention is a double-layer polyimide-fluorine 46 composite film-coated rectangular copper wire with a thickness of 2 to 4 mm and a width of 2 to 10 mm, or a circular water pump with a diameter of 2 to 5 mm. line.

本发明实施例中励磁线圈为两组时，两组励磁线圈通入的电流为相同电流或者有相位角差的电流；其中相位角差为60°、90°或120°。In the embodiment of the present invention, when there are two sets of excitation coils, the currents flowing into the two sets of excitation coils are the same current or currents with phase angle differences; wherein the phase angle difference is 60°, 90° or 120°.

本发明实施例中的三冷水管采用的管道横截面为圆形或矩形，壁厚2～6mm，截面积700～5000mm ²，材质为钢；三冷水管上的三冷水出水孔为孔径1～4mm的圆孔，或与圆孔截面积相等的矩形孔；三冷水出水孔沿三冷水管周向排成一排，相邻两个三冷水出水孔的间距5～20mm。 The three-cold water pipe in the embodiment of the present invention adopts a circular or rectangular cross-section, a wall thickness of 2-6mm, a cross-sectional area of 700-5000mm ² , and a material of steel; the three-cold water outlet hole on the three-cold water pipe has a diameter of 1 4mm round holes, or rectangular holes with the same cross-sectional area as the round holes; three cold water outlet holes are arranged in a row along the circumference of the third cold water pipe, and the distance between two adjacent three cold water outlet holes is 5-20mm.

本发明实施例中引锭头装配有水箱。In the embodiment of the present invention, the starter head is equipped with a water tank.

本发明实例中励磁线圈采用螺线管线圈绕组，工作时的电磁条件为：电流80～120A，频率20～30Hz，占空比20～30％。In the example of the present invention, the excitation coil adopts solenoid coil winding, and the electromagnetic conditions during operation are: current 80-120A, frequency 20-30 Hz, and duty ratio 20-30%.

本发明实例中连铸时的铸造速度为10～100mm/min；The casting speed during continuous casting in the example of the present invention is 10-100mm/min;

本发明实施例中，当内套水平截面为带有圆角的矩形时，上介板的四个侧边采用角钢；四个侧边之间的连接部分，采用弧形水平板和弧形垂直板焊接连接。In the embodiment of the present invention, when the horizontal section of the inner sleeve is a rectangle with rounded corners, the four sides of the upper intermediate plate adopt angle steel; the connecting part between the four sides adopts an arc-shaped horizontal plate and an arc-shaped vertical Board welding connection.

本发明实施例中，当冷却水腔内设有垂直隔板时，各垂直隔板上设有线圈通孔；包裹固定各线圈的固定套设置在线圈通孔处，将相邻的分水腔内的冷却水隔开。In the embodiment of the present invention, when vertical partitions are provided in the cooling water cavity, each vertical partition is provided with coil through holes; The cooling water inside is separated.

本发明实施例中，挡水板的厚度1～3mm，加厚层的厚度10～16mm。In the embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the water baffle is 1 to 3 mm, and the thickness of the thickened layer is 10 to 16 mm.

实施例1Example 1

低一冷的电磁半连续铸造装置轴侧结构如图1所示，剖面结构如图2所示，包括熔体分流装置2、结晶器和引锭头10；结晶器的外套1由外套顶板和外套侧板构成一体结构，内套3结构如图4所示，为筒状且上部的外壁上固定有连接板23，连接板23下方开设有内套螺栓孔24，用于与上介板4连接；The axial side structure of the low-cold electromagnetic semi-continuous casting device is shown in Figure 1, and the cross-sectional structure is shown in Figure 2, including the melt splitting device 2, the crystallizer and the starter head 10; the jacket 1 of the crystallizer consists of the jacket top plate and The outer sleeve side plate constitutes an integral structure. The structure of the inner sleeve 3 is shown in FIG. 4. The inner sleeve 3 has a cylindrical shape and a connecting plate 23 is fixed on the upper outer wall. The inner sleeve bolt hole 24 is opened under the connecting plate 23 for connecting with the upper intermediate plate 4. connection;

外套顶板和内套3之间设有上介板4；结晶器的底板14内沿与内套2的外壁之间的间隙作为冷却水通道；An upper intermediate plate 4 is provided between the top plate of the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve 3; the gap between the inner edge of the bottom plate 14 of the mold and the outer wall of the inner sleeve 2 serves as a cooling water channel;

底板14的内沿与挡水板16的底端连接，挡水板16的顶端与外套顶板固定连接，挡水板16环绕在内套3外，挡水板16与外套侧板之间的空间作为冷却水腔，冷却水腔内设有励磁线圈19，挡水板16上设有上出水孔27和下出水孔29朝向内套2的外壁；The inner edge of the bottom plate 14 is connected to the bottom end of the water baffle 16, the top end of the water baffle 16 is fixedly connected to the top plate of the outer casing, the water baffle 16 surrounds the inner sleeve 3, and the space between the water baffle 16 and the side plate of the outer casing As a cooling water cavity, an excitation coil 19 is provided in the cooling water cavity, and an upper water outlet 27 and a lower water outlet 29 are provided on the water baffle plate 16 facing the outer wall of the inner sleeve 2;

挡水板16结构如图3所示，其上沿和下沿分别设有加厚层；上出水孔27和下出水孔29分别位于上沿和下沿的加厚层上；The structure of the water baffle 16 is shown in FIG. 3, and the upper and lower edges are respectively provided with thickened layers; the upper water outlet hole 27 and the lower water outlet hole 29 are respectively located on the thicker layer of the upper edge and the lower edge;

冷却水腔内设有水平隔板18，水平隔板18的内沿与挡水板16固定连接，水平隔板18的外沿与外套侧板固定连接，水平隔板18将冷却水腔分隔为上部水腔和下部水腔；上部水腔和下部水腔分别通过外套侧板上的冷却水进水管与外部连通；挡水板16上固定有加强筋28，加强筋28的顶端与上沿的加厚层固定连接，加强筋28的底端与下沿的加厚层连接；The cooling water cavity is provided with a horizontal partition 18, the inner edge of the horizontal partition 18 is fixedly connected to the water baffle 16, the outer edge of the horizontal partition 18 is fixedly connected to the side plate of the outer jacket, and the horizontal partition 18 divides the cooling water cavity into The upper water cavity and the lower water cavity; the upper water cavity and the lower water cavity are respectively connected to the outside through the cooling water inlet pipe on the side plate of the outer jacket; the water baffle 16 is fixed with a stiffener 28, and the top of the stiffener 28 is connected to the upper edge The thickened layer is fixedly connected, and the bottom end of the reinforcing rib 28 is connected with the thickened layer at the lower edge;

上部水腔和下部水腔内分别设有励磁线圈19，励磁线圈19通过线圈压板12和螺栓固定，与励磁线圈19连接的电缆穿过外套侧板上的电缆通孔9与电源连接；其中螺栓固定是采用线圈固定螺杆17和线圈固定螺母20进行固定；Excitation coils 19 are respectively arranged in the upper water cavity and the lower water cavity. The excitation coil 19 is fixed by the coil pressing plate 12 and bolts. The cable connected to the excitation coil 19 passes through the cable through hole 9 on the side plate of the outer jacket and is connected to the power supply; wherein the bolts The fixing is fixed by the coil fixing screw 17 and the coil fixing nut 20;

冷却水腔内设有若干个垂直隔板，垂直隔板的上沿与外套顶板固定连接，垂直隔板的下沿与底板14固定连接，垂直隔板的内沿与挡水板16上的加强筋固定连接，垂直隔板的外沿与外套侧板固定连接；励磁线圈19分别穿过各垂直隔板；若干个垂直隔板将冷却水腔沿周向分隔为若干个分水腔，各分水腔分别通过外套侧板上的冷却水进水管与外部连通；There are several vertical partitions in the cooling water chamber. The upper edge of the vertical partition is fixedly connected to the top plate of the outer jacket, the lower edge of the vertical partition is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 14, and the inner edge of the vertical partition is strengthened on the water baffle 16 The ribs are fixedly connected, and the outer edge of the vertical partition is fixedly connected with the side plate of the outer jacket; the excitation coil 19 passes through the vertical partitions respectively; a number of vertical partitions divide the cooling water cavity into a plurality of water diversion cavities in the circumferential direction, each of which is divided The water chambers are respectively communicated with the outside through the cooling water inlet pipe on the side plate of the outer jacket;

冷却水进水管分为宽面冷却水进水管8和窄面冷却水进水管11；The cooling water inlet pipe is divided into a wide-face cooling water inlet pipe 8 and a narrow-face cooling water inlet pipe 11;

结晶器的下方设有三冷水管6，三冷水管6环绕在引锭头10***，三冷水管6上设有三冷水出水孔朝向引锭头10方向，三冷水管6上设有两个以上的进水口21，各进水口21通过管道与三冷水管6内部连通；三冷水管6上固定有螺栓孔的固定板，通过螺栓孔将三冷水管固定在结晶器的底板14上的三冷水管固定螺杆22上；There are three cold water pipes 6 below the crystallizer, the three cold water pipes 6 surround the periphery of the starter head 10, the third cold water pipe 6 is provided with three cold water outlets facing the direction of the starter head 10, and the third cold water pipe 6 is provided with more than two Water inlet 21, each water inlet 21 communicates with the inside of the third cold water pipe 6 through a pipe; the third cold water pipe 6 is fixed with a fixing plate with bolt holes, and the third cold water pipe is fixed to the third cold water pipe on the bottom plate 14 of the mold through the bolt holes On the fixed screw 22;

上介板4结构如图5所示，由水平环形板和垂直环形板构成一体结构，水平环形板与垂直环形板互相垂直，水平环形板位于垂直环形板的外侧；水平环形板顶面与连接板23通过螺栓固定连接，底面与外套顶板的顶面连接；垂直环形板上设有上介板螺栓孔26与内套3上的内套螺栓孔24相对应，垂直环形板通过螺栓与内套3固定，垂直环形板位于外套顶板的内端面和内套3外壁之间；The structure of the upper intermediate plate 4 is shown in Figure 5, which is composed of a horizontal annular plate and a vertical annular plate. The horizontal annular plate and the vertical annular plate are perpendicular to each other, and the horizontal annular plate is located outside the vertical annular plate; the top surface of the horizontal annular plate is connected with The plate 23 is fixedly connected by bolts, and the bottom surface is connected with the top surface of the top plate of the outer sleeve; the vertical ring plate is provided with upper intermediate plate bolt holes 26 corresponding to the inner sleeve bolt holes 24 on the inner sleeve 3, and the vertical ring plate is connected to the inner sleeve through bolts 3 Fixed, the vertical ring plate is located between the inner end surface of the top plate of the outer sleeve and the outer wall of the inner sleeve 3;

内套3水平截面为带有圆角的矩形；内套3的内壁面与轴线平行；内套3下部的垂直截面为楔形，垂直截面为楔形的部分位于底板14下方；The horizontal section of the inner sleeve 3 is a rectangle with rounded corners; the inner wall surface of the inner sleeve 3 is parallel to the axis; the vertical section of the lower part of the inner sleeve 3 is wedge-shaped, and the wedge-shaped vertical section is located below the bottom plate 14;

熔体分流装置的分流盘位于内套3内部上方，分流盘装配在高度调节装置15上，高度调节装置15装配在外套顶板上；The diverter disk of the melt diverter device is located above the inner sleeve 3, the diverter disk is assembled on the height adjustment device 15, and the height adjustment device 15 is assembled on the top plate of the outer jacket;

制备的长扁锭为AZ31镁合金，其示例成分按重量百分比含Al 2.79％，Zn 0.74％，Mn 0.31％，Si 0.012％，Fe＜0.01％，其余为镁；制备的长扁锭厚度450mm，宽度1450mm，长度2800mm，宽厚比3.625。The prepared long slab is AZ31 magnesium alloy, and its example composition contains Al 2.79%, Zn 0.74%, Mn 0.31%, Si 0.012%, Fe<0.01%, and the rest is magnesium; the thickness of the prepared long slab is 450mm, The width is 1450mm, the length is 2800mm, and the aspect ratio is 3.625.

方法为：The method is:

通过冷却水进水管向冷却水腔内通入冷却水，冷却水经上出水孔和下出水孔喷出，分别形成一次冷却水和二次冷却水，一次冷却水和二次冷却水喷洒到内套外壁，并沿内套外壁流下；The cooling water is introduced into the cooling water cavity through the cooling water inlet pipe, and the cooling water is sprayed out through the upper and lower water outlets to form the primary cooling water and the secondary cooling water respectively, and the primary cooling water and the secondary cooling water are sprayed into the interior The outer wall of the sleeve, and flow down along the outer wall of the inner sleeve;

通过电源对励磁线圈通电，产生磁场作用于内套内部空间；The excitation coil is energized through the power supply to generate a magnetic field to act on the inner space of the inner sleeve;

将合金熔体浇入分流装置的分流盘内，经分流盘进入结晶器的内套内部，合金熔体受磁场作用，并在内套的冷却作用下逐渐凝固，在内套底部形成糊状熔体和铸锭；当内套内的合金熔体达到设定高度时，启动引锭头使凝固的铸锭向下移动，开始连铸；Pour the alloy melt into the shunt plate of the shunt device and enter the inner sleeve of the mold through the shunt plate. The alloy melt is affected by the magnetic field and gradually solidifies under the cooling action of the inner sleeve, forming a paste melt at the bottom of the inner sleeve. When the alloy melt in the inner sleeve reaches the set height, start the starter head to move the solidified ingot downward and start continuous casting;

形成的铸锭底端脱离结晶器内套时，通过结晶器下方的三冷水管向铸锭表面喷洒三次冷却水，使铸锭继续降温，直至完成连铸；When the bottom end of the formed ingot is separated from the inner sleeve of the mold, spray cooling water three times on the surface of the ingot through the three cold water pipes under the mold, so that the temperature of the ingot will continue to decrease until the continuous casting is completed;

单位时间内，二次冷却水与一次冷却水的流量比为1.0，窄面的二次冷却水与宽面的二次冷却水的流量比为0.9，窄面的一次冷却水与宽面的一次冷却水的流量比为0.9；In unit time, the flow ratio of the secondary cooling water to the primary cooling water is 1.0, the flow ratio of the secondary cooling water of the narrow surface to the secondary cooling water of the wide surface is 0.9, the primary cooling water of the narrow surface and the primary cooling water of the wide surface are 0.9. The flow ratio of cooling water is 0.9;

单位时间内，三次冷却水与一次冷却水的流量比为0.8；In unit time, the flow ratio of the tertiary cooling water to the primary cooling water is 0.8;

连铸后获得的长扁锭外观如图6所示，经过铣削后的外观如图7所示，由图可见，长扁锭表面质量良好，未产生裂纹。The appearance of the long slab obtained after continuous casting is shown in Figure 6, and the appearance after milling is shown in Figure 7. It can be seen from the figure that the surface of the long slab is of good quality without cracks.

实施例2Example 2

装置结构同实施例1，不同点在于：The structure of the device is the same as that of embodiment 1, the difference lies in:

(1)内套水平截面为圆形；内套的内壁面与轴线之间有5°夹角，内套内部空间的顶部截面面积小于顶部截面面积；(1) The horizontal section of the inner sleeve is circular; there is an angle of 5° between the inner wall surface of the inner sleeve and the axis, and the top cross-sectional area of the inner space of the inner sleeve is smaller than the top cross-sectional area;

(2)冷却水腔内不设置垂直隔板；(2) There is no vertical partition in the cooling water cavity;

方法同实施例1，不同点在于：The method is the same as in Example 1, the difference is:

(1)制备的圆锭为AZ21，直径350mm，长度2500mm；示例成分按质量百分比含Al 2.5％，Zn 0.75％，Mn 0.25％，Fe＜0.001％，其余为镁；(1) The prepared round ingot is AZ21 with a diameter of 350mm and a length of 2500mm; the sample composition contains Al 2.5%, Zn 0.75%, Mn 0.25%, Fe<0.001%, and the rest is magnesium;

(2)单位时间内二次冷却水与一次冷却水的流量比为0.8；因铸造圆锭，没有宽面冷却水和窄面冷却水的区别；(2) The flow ratio of secondary cooling water to primary cooling water per unit time is 0.8; because of casting round ingots, there is no difference between wide-surface cooling water and narrow-surface cooling water;

(3)三次冷却水与一次冷却水的流量比为1.0；(3) The flow ratio of the tertiary cooling water to the primary cooling water is 1.0;

连铸后获得的圆锭外观如图8所示，铸锭表面质量良好，内部组织致密，无缩孔缩松和裂纹产生。The appearance of the round ingot obtained after continuous casting is shown in Figure 8. The surface quality of the ingot is good, the internal structure is dense, and there is no shrinkage, shrinkage, and cracks.

实施例3Example 3

(1)制备的圆锭为ZK60，直径400mm，长度2000mm；示例成分按质量百分比含Zn 5.7％，Zr 0.50％，Fe＜0.008％，其余为镁；(1) The prepared round ingot is ZK60 with a diameter of 400mm and a length of 2000mm; the sample composition contains 5.7% Zn, 0.50% Zr, Fe<0.008%, and the rest is magnesium;

(2)单位时间内二次冷却水与一次冷却水的流量比为1.2；因铸造圆锭，没有宽面冷却水和窄面冷却水的区别；(2) The flow ratio of the secondary cooling water to the primary cooling water per unit time is 1.2; because of the casting of round ingots, there is no difference between wide-surface cooling water and narrow-surface cooling water;

(3)三次冷却水与一次冷却水的流量比为0.5；(3) The flow ratio of the tertiary cooling water to the primary cooling water is 0.5;

连铸后获得的圆锭外观如图9所示，表面质量良好，未产生裂纹。The appearance of the round ingot obtained after continuous casting is shown in Fig. 9 with good surface quality and no cracks.

以上所述实施方法仅是对本发明的优先实施方式进行描述，并非对于本发明的适用范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明思想的前提下，针对本发明做出的各种变形和改进，均应纳入本发明专利权利要求书的保护范围内。The above-mentioned implementation method is only a description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and does not limit the scope of application of the present invention. Without departing from the idea of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the present invention should be made. It is included in the protection scope of the patent claims of the present invention.

Claims

一种低一冷的电磁半连续铸造装置，包括熔体分流装置、结晶器和引锭头；其特征在于：结晶器的外套由外套顶板和外套侧板构成，内套为筒状且上部的外壁上固定有连接板，外套顶板和内套之间设有上介板；结晶器的底板内沿与内套外壁之间的间隙作为冷却水通道，底板的内沿与挡水板的底端连接，挡水板的顶端与外套顶板固定连接，挡水板环绕在内套外，挡水板与外套侧板之间的空间作为冷却水腔，冷却水腔内设有励磁线圈，挡水板上设有上出水孔和下出水孔朝向内套的外壁；所述的挡水板的上沿和下沿分别设有加厚层；上出水孔和下出水孔分别位于上沿和下沿的加厚层上；冷却水腔内设有水平隔板，水平隔板的内沿与挡水板固定连接，水平隔板的外沿与外套侧板固定连接，水平隔板将冷却水腔分隔为上部水腔和下部水腔；上部水腔和下部水腔分别通过外套侧板上的冷却水进水管与外部连通。A low-cooling electromagnetic semi-continuous casting device, comprising a melt split device, a crystallizer and a starter head; it is characterized in that the outer shell of the crystallizer is composed of an outer jacket top plate and an outer jacket side plate, and the inner jacket is cylindrical and upper A connecting plate is fixed on the outer wall, and an upper intermediate plate is arranged between the top plate of the outer jacket and the inner sleeve; the gap between the inner edge of the bottom plate of the mold and the outer wall of the inner sleeve is used as a cooling water channel, and the inner edge of the bottom plate and the bottom end of the water baffle Connection, the top of the water baffle is fixedly connected with the top plate of the outer casing, the water baffle surrounds the inner casing, the space between the water baffle and the side plate of the outer casing is used as a cooling water cavity, and an excitation coil and a water baffle are arranged in the cooling water cavity There are upper and lower outlet holes facing the outer wall of the inner sleeve; the upper and lower edges of the water baffle are respectively provided with thickening layers; the upper and lower outlet holes are respectively located on the upper and lower edges On the thickened layer; there is a horizontal partition in the cooling water chamber, the inner edge of the horizontal partition is fixedly connected with the water baffle, the outer edge of the horizontal partition is fixedly connected with the side plate of the outer jacket, and the horizontal partition divides the cooling water chamber into The upper water cavity and the lower water cavity; the upper water cavity and the lower water cavity are respectively communicated with the outside through the cooling water inlet pipe on the side plate of the outer jacket.
根据权利要求1所述的一种低一冷的电磁半连续铸造装置，其特征在于所述的上部水腔和下部水腔内分别设有励磁线圈，励磁线圈通过线圈压板和螺栓固定，与励磁线圈连接的电缆穿过外套侧板上的电缆通孔与电源连接。The electromagnetic semi-continuous casting device with low one cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper water cavity and the lower water cavity are respectively provided with excitation coils, and the excitation coils are fixed by coil pressing plates and bolts, and are connected to the excitation coils. The cable connected to the coil is connected to the power supply through the cable through hole on the side panel of the jacket.
根据权利要求1所述的一种低一冷的电磁半连续铸造装置，其特征在于所述的上挡水板上固定有加强筋，加强筋的顶端与上沿的加厚层固定连接，加强筋的底端与下沿的加厚层连接。A low-cooling electromagnetic semi-continuous casting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper water retaining plate is fixed with a stiffener, and the top end of the stiffener is fixedly connected with the thickened layer of the upper edge to strengthen The bottom end of the rib is connected with the thickened layer of the lower edge.
根据权利要求1所述的一种低一冷的电磁半连续铸造装置，其特征在于所述的冷却水腔内设有若干个垂直隔板，垂直隔板的上沿与外套顶板固定连接，垂直隔板的下沿与底板固定连接，垂直隔板的内沿与挡水板上的加强筋固定连接，垂直隔板的外沿与外套侧板固定连接；励磁线圈分别穿过各垂直隔板；若干个垂直隔板将冷却水腔沿周向分隔为若干个分水腔，各分水腔分别通过外套侧板上的冷却水进水管与外部连通。A low-cooling electromagnetic semi-continuous casting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of vertical partitions are arranged in the cooling water cavity, and the upper edge of the vertical partition is fixedly connected with the top plate of the outer jacket, and the upper edge of the vertical partition is fixedly connected to the top plate of the outer jacket. The lower edge of the partition is fixedly connected with the bottom plate, the inner edge of the vertical partition is fixedly connected with the reinforcing ribs on the water retaining plate, and the outer edge of the vertical partition is fixedly connected with the side plate of the outer casing; the excitation coil passes through the vertical partitions respectively; A plurality of vertical partitions divide the cooling water cavity into a plurality of water diversion cavities in the circumferential direction, and each water diversion cavity is respectively communicated with the outside through a cooling water inlet pipe on the side plate of the outer jacket.
根据权利要求1所述的一种低一冷的电磁半连续铸造装置，其特征在于所述的结晶器的下方设有三冷水管，三冷水管环绕在引锭头***，三冷水管上设有三冷水出水孔朝向引锭头方向，三冷水管上设有两个以上的进水口，各进水口通过管道与三冷水管内部连通；三冷水管上固定有螺栓孔的固定板，通过螺栓孔将三冷水管固定在结晶器的底板上。The electromagnetic semi-continuous casting device with low one cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that three cold water pipes are arranged below the crystallizer, the three cold water pipes surround the periphery of the starter head, and the three cold water pipes are provided with three cold water pipes. The cold water outlet hole faces the direction of the starter head. The three cold water pipes are provided with more than two water inlets, and each water inlet is connected to the inside of the third cold water pipe through the pipe; The three cold water pipes are fixed on the bottom plate of the crystallizer.
根据权利要求1所述的一种低一冷的电磁半连续铸造装置，其特征在于所述的上介板由水平环形板和垂直环形板构成一体结构，水平环形板与垂直环形板互相垂直，水平环形板位于垂直环形板的外侧；水平环形板顶面与连接板连接，底面与外套顶板的顶面连接；垂直环形板的螺栓孔与内套上的螺纹孔相对应，垂直环形板通过螺栓与内套固定，垂直环形板位于外套顶板的内端面和内套外壁之间。The electromagnetic semi-continuous casting device with low one cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper intermediate plate is composed of a horizontal annular plate and a vertical annular plate forming an integrated structure, and the horizontal annular plate and the vertical annular plate are perpendicular to each other, The horizontal ring plate is located on the outer side of the vertical ring plate; the top surface of the horizontal ring plate is connected with the connecting plate, and the bottom surface is connected with the top surface of the top plate of the outer sleeve; the bolt holes of the vertical ring plate correspond to the threaded holes on the inner sleeve, and the vertical ring plate passes through the bolts Fixed with the inner sleeve, the vertical annular plate is located between the inner end surface of the top plate of the outer sleeve and the outer wall of the inner sleeve.
根据权利要求1所述的一种低一冷的电磁半连续铸造装置，其特征在于所述的内套水平截面为圆形或带有圆角的矩形；内套的内壁面与轴线平行，或者与轴线有之间有≤5°的夹角；当内壁面与轴线之间有夹角时，内套内部空间的顶部截面面积小于顶部截面面积；内套下部的垂直截面为楔形，垂直截面为楔形的部分位于底板下方。A low-cooling electromagnetic semi-continuous casting device according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal section of the inner sleeve is circular or rectangular with rounded corners; the inner wall of the inner sleeve is parallel to the axis, or There is an angle of ≤5° with the axis; when there is an angle between the inner wall surface and the axis, the top cross-sectional area of the inner space of the inner sleeve is smaller than the top cross-sectional area; the vertical section of the lower part of the inner sleeve is wedge-shaped, and the vertical section is The wedge-shaped part is located below the bottom plate.
一种低一冷的电磁半连续铸造方法，其特征在于采用权利要求1所述的装置，按以下步骤进行：A low-cooling electromagnetic semi-continuous casting method, characterized in that the device according to claim 1 is used, and the following steps are performed:

(1)通过冷却水进水管向冷却水腔内通入冷却水，冷却水经上出水孔和下出水孔喷出，分别形成一次冷却水和二次冷却水，一次冷却水和二次冷却水喷洒到内套外壁，并沿内套外壁流下；(1) Cooling water is introduced into the cooling water cavity through the cooling water inlet pipe, and the cooling water is sprayed out through the upper and lower water outlets to form primary cooling water and secondary cooling water, primary cooling water and secondary cooling water, respectively Spray to the outer wall of the inner sleeve and flow down along the outer wall of the inner sleeve;

(2)通过电源对励磁线圈通电，产生磁场作用于内套内部空间；(2) The excitation coil is energized through the power supply, and a magnetic field is generated to act on the inner space of the inner sleeve;

(3)将合金熔体浇入分流装置的分流盘内，经分流盘进入结晶器的内套内部，合金熔体受磁场作用，并在内套的冷却作用下逐渐凝固，在内套底部形成糊状熔体和铸锭；当内套内的合金熔体达到设定高度时，启动引锭头使凝固的铸锭向下移动，开始连铸；(3) Pour the alloy melt into the shunt plate of the shunt device and enter the inner sleeve of the mold through the shunt plate. The alloy melt is affected by the magnetic field and gradually solidifies under the cooling action of the inner sleeve, and forms at the bottom of the inner sleeve. Pasty melt and ingot; when the alloy melt in the inner sleeve reaches the set height, start the starter head to move the solidified ingot downward to start continuous casting;

(4)形成的铸锭底端脱离结晶器内套时，通过结晶器下方的三冷水管向铸锭表面喷洒三次冷却水，使铸锭继续降温，直至完成连铸。(4) When the bottom end of the formed ingot is separated from the inner sleeve of the mold, the cooling water is sprayed three times on the surface of the ingot through the three cold water pipes under the mold, so that the temperature of the ingot is continued to cool down until the continuous casting is completed.
根据权利要求8所述的一种低一冷的电磁半连续铸造方法，其特征在于当铸锭为圆锭时，单位时间内二次冷却水与一次冷却水的流量比为0.8～1.2；当铸锭为长扁锭时，单位时间内，二次冷却水与一次冷却水的流量比为0.8～1.2，并且单位时间内，窄面的二次冷却水与宽面的二次冷却水的流量比为0.8～1.0，窄面的一次冷却水与宽面的一次冷却水的流量比为0.8～1.0。A low-cooling electromagnetic semi-continuous casting method according to claim 8, wherein when the ingot is a round ingot, the flow ratio of the secondary cooling water to the primary cooling water per unit time is 0.8-1.2; When the ingot is a long slab, the flow ratio of the secondary cooling water to the primary cooling water per unit time is 0.8-1.2, and the flow rate of the secondary cooling water on the narrow surface and the secondary cooling water on the wide surface per unit time The ratio is 0.8 to 1.0, and the flow ratio of the primary cooling water on the narrow surface to the primary cooling water on the wide surface is 0.8 to 1.0.
根据权利要求8所述的一种低一冷的电磁半连续铸造方法，其特征在于所述的铸锭为圆锭或长扁锭；当铸锭为圆锭时，圆锭的直径≥300mm；当铸锭为长扁锭时，长扁锭宽度≥500mm且宽厚比≤5。A low-cooling electromagnetic semi-continuous casting method according to claim 8, wherein the ingot is a round ingot or a long slab; when the ingot is a round ingot, the diameter of the round ingot is ≥300mm; When the ingot is a long slab, the width of the long slab is ≥500mm and the ratio of width to thickness ≤5.