CN106922506B - Artificial light environment cultivation method for tobacco - Google Patents
Artificial light environment cultivation method for tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN106922506B CN106922506B CN201710123658.5A CN201710123658A CN106922506B CN 106922506 B CN106922506 B CN 106922506B CN 201710123658 A CN201710123658 A CN 201710123658A CN 106922506 B CN106922506 B CN 106922506B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial light environment cultivation method of tobacco, which comprises the following steps: (1) Uniformly mixing peat soil and vermiculite to form a matrix, filling the matrix in a seeding tray, determining the humidity of the matrix according to the variety of the tobacco seeds, then seeding, and opening a film in time after germination to obtain seedlings; (2) seedling raising: transplanting the seedlings to seedling raising equipment, and culturing for 15-20 days at the temperature of 23-28 ℃ and the air humidity of 60-70%; (3) cultivation: transplanting the plant obtained in the step (2) to a cultivation area, and culturing at the temperature of 23-28 ℃ and the air humidity of 60-70% until the tobacco is harvested. The invention ensures that the tobacco cultivated artificially is not influenced by adverse weather conditions, and realizes continuous production all year round; the plant leaf surface of the planted tobacco is light green, the root system is developed, the stem is flexible and strong and is not easy to break, and the yield is increased obviously compared with the traditional fluorescent lamp.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to an artificial light environment cultivation method for tobacco.
Background
China is the first major tobacco producing country in the world, and the tobacco industry plays an important role in national economy; the optimum temperature of tobacco in the growing period of China is 25-28 ℃, and the sunshine duration is required to be more than 600 hours. At present, tobacco planting is seriously influenced by external environment, the tobacco plants are thin and small due to low illumination intensity, insufficient illumination time and frequent frost in a seedling growing period and a growing period, the stress resistance is poor, and the yield and the quality of tobacco leaves are greatly influenced. In the special seedling raising period, insufficient illumination causes slow seedling development, the seedling raising period is prolonged, the cost is increased, and the quality of tobacco seedlings seriously affects the yield and the quality of tobacco. At present, most of artificial light supplement in the seedling raising period adopts a traditional three-primary-color fluorescent lamp, the spectrum of the fluorescent lamp is designed according to the selectivity of human eyes to light, the product design meets a luminosity system evaluation system, the fluorescent lamp is not suitable for plants, part of bands in the spectrum are not required for plant growth, the light energy is greatly wasted, the operation cost is increased, and meanwhile, the fluorescent lamp has the defects of high energy consumption, short service life, easiness in breakage and the like. Therefore, many scientific researchers or manufacturing enterprises carry out a large amount of researches on the aspect of tobacco planting supplementary lighting, and certain achievements are achieved. For example, menglin and the like adopt a water culture mode, and utilize red and blue monochromatic light to improve the seedling light environment so as to improve the quality of tobacco seedling (literature: menglin, songhun Jing, wang Chengdan, xuyimin); zhouzhi and the like utilize an LED light source with the wave peak between 630 and 660nm to carry out tobacco seedling culture light supplement, and can promote the yield and the quality of tobacco to a certain extent (literature: zhouzhi, shushujie, liuqing lingling, yang Jianqu, liuying, euro bright, huanghao and Gong Ting); CN105532210A discloses a tobacco seedling growing method based on a luminous environment; CN102150540A discloses a tobacco plug seedling method combining artificial light and natural light; CN105165437A discloses a method for promoting tobacco seedling growing by using LED plant growing light source. However, since the growth of plants is a combination of different light qualities, the light qualities used by the above researchers are relatively single and incomplete. For practical applications, problems still remain: 1. specific spectral energy distribution is not provided for seedling culture or growth period, and production cannot be guided; 2. the cultivation scheme of the whole growth process from sowing to harvesting of the tobacco in the completely artificial light environment is not provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an artificial light environment cultivation method for tobacco.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an artificial light environment cultivation method of tobacco comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing peat soil and vermiculite to form a matrix, filling the matrix in a seeding tray, determining the humidity of the matrix according to the variety of tobacco seeds, then seeding, randomly seeding 2-3 seeds in each hole, covering a film on the surface, controlling the environmental temperature at 23-28 ℃, and timely opening the film after germination to obtain seedlings;
(2) Seedling culture: transplanting the seedlings to a seedling raising device at 23-28 ℃ and in the airCulturing for 8-15 days under the condition that the air humidity is 60-70%, wherein the specific culture conditions are as follows: the illumination intensity of the tobacco leaf surface is 100-120umol/m 2 * s, the illumination period is 8-16h/d; pouring Hoagland nutrient solution regularly, wherein the spectral energy distribution in the illumination period is as follows: the proportion of the number of the light quanta with the wavelength of 380-399nm is less than or equal to 1 percent, the proportion of the number of the light quanta with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 13-29 percent, the proportion of the number of the light quanta with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 18-32 percent, the proportion of the number of the light quanta with the wavelength of 600-699nm is 47-51 percent, and the proportion of the number of the light quanta with the wavelength of 700-780nm is less than or equal to 8 percent;
(3) And (3) cultivation: transplanting the plant obtained in the step (2) to a cultivation area, and culturing at 23-28 ℃ and 60-70% of air humidity, wherein the specific culture conditions are as follows: the illumination intensity of the tobacco leaf surface is 150-250umol/m 2 * s, the illumination period is 8-16h/d; and (3) pouring Hoagland nutrient solution periodically until the tobacco is harvested, wherein the spectral energy distribution in the illumination period is the same as that in the step (2).
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the matrix in the step (1) is formed by mixing peat soil and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 1: 1.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the substrate in said step (1) has a humidity of 90%.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the time for the cultivation in the step (2) is 10d.
Further preferably, in the step (2), the illumination intensity of the surface of the tobacco leaves is 110umol/m 2 * s, illumination period 12h/d.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the time for the cultivation in the step (3) is 20d.
Further preferably, in the step (3), the illumination intensity of the surface of the tobacco leaf is 150umol/m 2 * s, illumination period 12h/d.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (3), the spectral power distribution in the illumination period is as follows: the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 380-399nm is 0.1 percent, the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 18.6 percent, the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 28.2 percent, the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 600-699nm is 50.1 percent, and the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 700-780nm is 3.0 percent.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the cultivation method of the invention covers the whole growth process from sowing to harvesting of tobacco, and especially provides specific light environments including spectrum and illumination intensity required in the seedling raising period and the growth period; the tobacco cultivated artificially is not affected by adverse climatic conditions, and the annual continuous production is realized; the plant leaf surface of the planted tobacco is light green, the root system is developed, the stem is flexible and strong and is not easy to break, and the yield is obviously increased compared with the traditional fluorescent lamp.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph showing a spectral power distribution in an illumination period in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated and described by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
(1) Uniformly mixing peat soil with the particle size of 0-10 mm and vermiculite according to the mass ratio of 1:1 to form a matrix, placing the matrix in a sowing tray, determining the humidity of the matrix to 90% according to the variety of tobacco seeds, sowing, randomly sowing 2-3 seeds in each hole, covering a film on the surface, controlling the environmental temperature at 24-26 ℃, and opening the film in time after germination to obtain seedlings;
(2) Seedling culture: transplanting the seedlings to seedling raising equipment, and culturing for 10 days at the temperature of 24-26 ℃ and the air humidity of 60-70%, wherein the specific culture conditions are as follows: the illumination intensity of the surface of the tobacco leaf is 110umol/m 2 * s, the illumination period is 12h/d; pouring Hoagland nutrient solution regularly, wherein the spectral energy distribution in the illumination period is as follows: the proportion of light quantum with wavelength of 380-399nm is 0.1%, the proportion of light quantum with wavelength of 400-499nm is 18.6%, the proportion of light quantum with wavelength of 500-599nm is 28.2%, the proportion of light quantum with wavelength of 600-699nm is 50.1%, the proportion of light quantum with wavelength of 700-780nm is 3.0%, and the concrete proportion is thatAs shown in FIG. 1;
(3) Cultivation: transplanting the plant obtained in the step (2) to a cultivation area, and culturing at 24-26 ℃ and 60-70% of air humidity, wherein the specific culture conditions are as follows: the illumination intensity of the surface of the tobacco leaf is 150umol/m 2 * s, the illumination period is 12h/d; and (3) pouring Hoagland nutrient solution periodically until the tobacco is harvested, wherein the spectral energy distribution in the illumination period is the same as that in the step (2).
In the embodiment, a philips-T5 fluorescent lamp is used as a control group, and the specific test comparison results are as follows:
from the data, the tobacco planted in example 1 has light green leaf surface, developed root system, flexible and strong stem and is not easy to break, and the yield is increased by 73.4% compared with the traditional fluorescent lamp.
It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present invention can still be obtained the same as or similar to the above embodiments when the technical solutions of the present invention are changed within the following ranges, and still belong to the protection scope of the present invention:
an artificial light environment cultivation method of tobacco comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing peat soil and vermiculite to form a matrix, filling the matrix in a seeding tray, determining the humidity of the matrix according to the variety of tobacco seeds, then seeding, randomly seeding 2-3 seeds in each hole, covering a film on the surface, controlling the environmental temperature at 23-28 ℃, and timely opening the film after germination to obtain seedlings;
(2) Seedling culture: transplanting the seedlings to seedling raising equipment, and culturing for 8-15 days at the temperature of 23-28 ℃ and the air humidity of 60-70%, wherein the specific culture conditions are as follows: the illumination intensity of the tobacco leaf surface is 100-120umol/m 2 * s, the illumination period is 8-16h/d; pouring Hoagland nutrient solution regularly, wherein the spectral energy distribution in the illumination period is as follows: the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 380-399nm is less than or equal to 1 percent, the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 13-29 percent, and the wavelength isThe proportion of the number of the light quanta with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 18-32%, the proportion of the number of the light quanta with the wavelength of 600-699nm is 47-51%, and the proportion of the number of the light quanta with the wavelength of 700-780nm is less than or equal to 8%;
(3) And (3) cultivation: transplanting the plant obtained in the step (2) to a cultivation area, and culturing at 23-28 ℃ and 60-70% of air humidity, wherein the specific culture conditions are as follows: the illumination intensity of the tobacco leaf surface is 150-250umol/m 2 * s, the illumination period is 8-16h/d; and (3) pouring Hoagland nutrient solution periodically until the tobacco is harvested, wherein the spectral energy distribution in the illumination period is the same as that in the step (2).
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, and all equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the present invention and the content of the description should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An artificial light environment cultivation method of tobacco is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing peat soil and vermiculite to form a matrix, filling the matrix into a sowing tray, determining the humidity of the matrix according to the variety of tobacco seeds, then sowing, randomly sowing 2-3 seeds in each hole, covering a film on the surface, controlling the environmental temperature at 23-28 ℃, and opening the film in time after germination to obtain seedlings;
(2) Seedling culture: transplanting the seedlings to seedling raising equipment, and culturing the seedlings under the conditions of 23 to 28 ℃ and 60 to 70 percent of air humidity for 8 to 15d, wherein the specific culture conditions are as follows: the illumination intensity of the tobacco leaf surface is 100-120umol/m 2 * s, the illumination period is 8-16h/d; pouring Hoagland nutrient solution regularly, wherein the spectral energy distribution in the illumination period is as follows: the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 380-399nm is 0.1 percent, the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 18.6 percent, the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 28.2 percent, the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 600-699nm is 50.1 percent, and the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 700-780nm is 3.0 percent;
(3) And (3) cultivation: transplanting the plant obtained in step (2) to a cultivation areaCulturing at 23 to 28 ℃ under the condition of air humidity of 60 to 70%, wherein the specific culture conditions are as follows: the illumination intensity of the tobacco leaf surface is 150-250umol/m 2 * s, the illumination period is 8-16h/d; and (3) pouring Hoagland nutrient solution periodically until the tobacco is harvested, wherein the spectral energy distribution in the illumination period is the same as that in the step (2).
2. The artificial light environment cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the matrix in the step (1) is formed by mixing peat soil and vermiculite according to the mass ratio of 1.
3. The artificial light environment cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the humidity of the substrate in the step (1) is 90%.
4. The artificial light environment cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the culture time in the step (2) is 10d.
5. The artificial light environment cultivation method of claim 4, wherein: in the step (2), the illumination intensity of the surface of the tobacco leaf is 110umol/m 2 * s, light period 12h/d.
6. The artificial light environment cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the time for the culture in the step (3) is 20d.
7. The artificial light environment cultivation method of claim 6, wherein: in the step (3), the illumination intensity of the surface of the tobacco leaf is 150umol/m 2 * s, light period 12h/d.
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108401874A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-08-17 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of tobacco cultivation method based on luminous environment |
| CN109349082A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-02-19 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of tobacco seedlings breeding method |
| CN109673516B (en) * | 2019-02-15 | 2020-11-17 | 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 | Light environment method for full-artificial light planting of bletilla striata |
| CN109644721A (en) * | 2019-02-15 | 2019-04-19 | 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 | A kind of light source of indoor growing plant |
| CN111418463A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-07-17 | 普罗斯电器（中国）有限公司 | L ED artificial light environment cultivation method suitable for rice whole growth period |
| CN112640681A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-13 | 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 | Full-artificial light cultivation method for herbaceous and aromatic plants |
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| CN102144485A (en) * | 2011-01-14 | 2011-08-10 | 中国农业大学 | Artificial light seedling cultivation method of tobacco |
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