CN106900195A - One kind fetches earth an ecological restoring method - Google Patents
One kind fetches earth an ecological restoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106900195A CN106900195A CN201710094842.1A CN201710094842A CN106900195A CN 106900195 A CN106900195 A CN 106900195A CN 201710094842 A CN201710094842 A CN 201710094842A CN 106900195 A CN106900195 A CN 106900195A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
Fetched earth an ecological restoring method the invention discloses one kind, the step such as slope and fencing is cut including reconnoitring field of fetching earth, working out an arrangement and method for construction that fetches earth, setting SURVEYING CONTROL NETWORK, removing site obstructions, setting pumping equipment, side slope, a kind of ecological restoring method that fetches earth of the present invention can solve the problem that the hidden danger of the geological disaster that existing field of fetching earth exists after fetching earth, the destruction of soil erosion, also can effectively reduce the influence fetched earth to original ecological environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of native field ecological restoring method technical field, specially it is intended to what is caused after being fetched earth to field of fetching earth
Ecological disturbance is repaired so that the necessary function of the rapid restored ecosystem of the field energy that fetches earth simultaneously reaches system self―sustaining state
A kind of restorative procedure.
Background technology
Field fetch earth during fetching earth, by machinery, destroy, cover, the various ways such as discarded object are destroyed, topography and geomorphology
Occur changing, soil texture changes with soil constituent, cause soil pollution, water pollution, vegetation deterioration, soil erosion etc. to disturb
Consequence, and then the natural landscape and the places of cultural interest of locality, or even the degeneration for causing the ecosystem are destroyed to a certain extent.
Restoration of the ecosystem is increasingly subject to extensive concern and the attention of international community in recent years, also existing many both at home and abroad at present
Paper has carried out detailed introduction, but Jie mostly simply general for restoration of the ecosystem research in paper at present for restoration of the ecosystem
Continue, and lack the design for restoration of the ecosystem implementation steps.
The content of the invention
Fetched earth an ecological restoring method it is an object of the invention to provide one kind, can solve the problem that existing field of fetching earth exists after fetching earth
Geological disaster hidden danger, the destruction of soil erosion also can effectively reduce the influence fetched earth to original ecological environment.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
One kind fetches earth an ecological restoring method, comprises the following steps：
Step one, reconnoitres field of fetching earth, works out an arrangement and method for construction that fetches earth；Field of fetching earth is reconnoitred, the basic condition of field of fetching earth is understood,
Levelling of the land and the earth excavation arrangement and method for construction of field of fetching earth are formulated, earth excavation figure and overall construction site plan is drawn；
Step 2, sets SURVEYING CONTROL NETWORK, equipment and personnel and prepares；By the requirement of construction main flat face, to fetching earth, field is controlled
System measurement, forms the SURVEYING CONTROL NETWORK of field of fetching earth；The field device that fetches earth, material are allocated, related personnel is organized and be equipped with, it is accurate
Tu Chang is on the waiting list to repair required hydroelectric facility and build the temporary road fetched earth in field；
Step 3, removes site obstructions, sets pumping equipment；Remove the building that obstacle is brought to construction in field of fetching earth
Thing, makes full use of to available building；Provisional or permanent drainage ditch is set on construction ground, by excess surface water
In draining into gutter, then drained with water pump；
Step 4, side slope cuts slope；The fetch earth side slope larger for the gradient carries out cutting slope treatment；
Step 5, smooth construction site, planting soil treatment；By design or construction requirement, scope and absolute altitude smooth location,
Regulation spoil area is abandoned into the earthwork；Table soil to there is value is peeled off and preservation treatment；In the work of mechanical finishing soil
After the completion of, the work of manual sorting green land is carried out, mainly leveled land with spade, rake, reach greening condition；
Step 6, soil improvement and curing；
Step 7, side slope reparation；Work as grade of side slope<Plant biological bag method is used when 60, works as grade of side slope>Sprayed using soil moved in improve the original when 60
Broadcast method；
Step 8, platform reparation, plant maintenance and management；The pioneer such as selection plantation red fescue and annual bluegrass, and increase
Fetch earth the seed of one's native land of draft or shrub in a periphery vegetation ecosystem, make secondary vegetation within the several years from now on gradually with
Natural, ecological vegetation is merged, and while shrub seed is sowed grass seeds by duster, carries out the transplanting of primary shrub；In a periphery ecology that fetches earth
Environment is poor, is unsatisfactory for the area of transplanting condition, by planting the sapling of purchase, ecological environment is repaired as soon as possible；Most
Forests for water and soil conservation is built afterwards to prevent that only ﹑ reduces soil erosion；Arranging maintenance work personnel's whole year carries out maintenance management, afforests, supports
Shield management work needs continual throughout the year carrying out；
Step 9, fencing；Natural Secondary Forests and artificial forest zone close with protection, strengthen pest and disease monitoring, preventing and treating and
Fireproofing, it is main body, the standing forest group that tall shrub is combined, stabilization rational in infrastructure is efficiently mutually coordinated with function that promotion forms arbor
Fall.
Side slope is cut slope specific steps and is included in the above step 4：Surveying setting-out, machinery cut slope, manually cut slope and side
Slope checks, processes and checks and accepts.
The concrete measure of smooth construction site includes in the above step 5：Comprehensive site preparation, partial soil preparation and afforestation are green
Change site preparation.
When being processed planting soil in the above step 5, minimum plantation soil thickness should be accorded with necessary to plant production
Close following table regulation：
| Vegetation pattern | Lawn cover plant | Undershrub | Big shrub | Shallow root arbor | Deep root arbor |
| Thickness | 25 | 35 | 40 | 60 | 70 |
To lawn flower planting ground, sowing the 25~30cm that should turn over, hug the thin area's impurity removing of flatbreaking, use sufficient base manure, it is smooth
Design requirement should be met with the gradient, the place that indivedual plantations are set greatly not enough, is carried out soil removal and replacement by soil layer when plantation is set greatly.
Work as grade of side slope in the above step 7<Included using the concrete measure of plant biological bag method when 60：
(1) drive piles；Pressing close to ditching on the inside of slag blocking wall, then ditch depth 0.8m disposes staking out, and staking out spacing is 0.55m, is returned
Banket and be compacted, staking out is connected and fixed using cross bar；
(2) plant biological bag pack；The seed that will be handled well and fiber, adhesive, water-loss reducer, composite fertilizer, slow-release fertilizer, microorganism
Bacterial manure etc., stirs and evenly mixs and is fitted into plant biological bag；
(3) plant biological bag laying；Plant biological bag is pressed and is laid along slope upward direction from lower；First row plant biological bag is laid by longitudinal direction,
And timber is held out against, upwards by laterally laying and being compacted, the paving location per two-layer plant biological bag is in delta structure to second row；If any
Space, is filled and led up and is compacted with soil, and last row's plant biological bag is pushed up by longitudinal laying in slope.
Work as grade of side slope in the above step 7>Included using the concrete measure of alien earth sparging method when 60：
1) surveying setting-out
Use level instrument and tape measure are put a little by spacing 2m in length and breadth first, determine Bower Anchor bar drill hole site, then in adjacent master
The secondary anchor pole of interpolation on anchor pole intermediate point；
2) lapping, nail net
Strengthen geonet using zinc-plated prismatic wire netting high or high strength plastics, mesh specification is 5cm × 5cm, is used at rock
Air drill or electric drill press lm × lm spacing quincuncial arrangement anchor poles and holdfast, anchor pole 90~100cm long, holdfast 15~40cm long；Hang
Using unreeling from top to bottom during net construction, adjacent two rolled steel wires net is connected with tie wire respectively, and two net junctions are at least
It is required that have the overlap of 10cm, holdfast lm2At least provided with 5；Wire netting keeps certain interval, and uniformity with the scope of operation；Compared with
It is wrapped on wire netting at regular intervals with straw rope at steep scar, to increase adhesive force, soil moved in improve the original thickness is guaranteed；.
3) alien earth sparging
Moistening of being watered before alien earth sparging is domatic, by the mixing materials such as peat, fertile soil, grass fiber, slow-release nutrient fertilizer warp
Sowed grass seeds by duster on wire netting after the stirring for crossing special-purpose machinery, thickness is 2~8cm；Being lost due to water supply in media can cause stromal thickness
Not enough, typically require that jet thickness is the 125% of design thickness.
4) sow grass seeds by duster vegetable seeds
Selection red fescue and annual bluegrass, and increase the native soil of draft or shrub in the vegetation ecosystem of local road periphery
Seed, makes secondary vegetation gradually be merged with natural, ecological vegetation within the several years from now on, and the artificial vestige chiseled and carved is not shown；Tall, filling
Wooden seed with 80 DEG C of Soaking in hot water 1 day containing seed soaking agent, before sowing grass seeds by duster soak seed 1~2 hour, seed is absorbed water by herbaceous plant seeds
Moistening；
5) cover
Be ensure rainy season, vegetable seeds before taking root from rain drop erosion, cold season, vegetable seeds and seedling from
Frostbite do harm to, and normal construction season heat and moisture preserving；It is required that being covered using non-woven fabrics or straw curtain, and make every effort to careful, so
Can anti-early stage non-woven fabrics run by wind, its purpose：One is to prevent the scope of operation after shaping to be washed away by rain；Two be can heat and moisture preserving,
Promote the growth of plant.
The present invention uses the above method, has the following technical effect that：
The present invention can solve the problem that the hidden danger of the geological disaster that existing field of fetching earth exists after fetching earth, the destruction of soil erosion,
The influence fetched earth to original ecological environment step of the present invention can effectively be reduced clear and definite.
Restorative procedure process of the invention is reasonable, it is considered to comprehensively, can not only quickly to the water and soil stream of appearance in field of fetching earth
Lose, the problem of environmental destruction, and the ecologic structure of stabilization can be formed in field of fetching earth, the field that makes to fetch earth forms certain scape
See.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The northern somewhere dyke of selection builds field of fetching earth and takes up an area type for forest land, floor space 62.4hm2, belong to level land and take
Soil.Ground is presented the huge ditch of an area after fetching earth, and soil bareness, severe water and soil erosion, the fertility of soil declines, soil
Ground structure is destroyed, and vegetation is impaired serious, and the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of the ecosystem is severely impacted, and ecological environment is seriously broken
It is bad.
To improve the ecological environment of field of fetching earth, using step is implemented as follows：
1. field of fetching earth is reconnoitred
Field of fetching earth is reconnoitred, the basic condition of field of fetching earth is understood, including：Fetch earth site topography, the place looks that fetch earth, place of fetching earth
Matter, a periphery transport routes that fetch earth, the original vegetation in field of fetching earth, Nearby Structure etc., prepare to formulate a restoration of the ecosystem of fetching earth.
2. an arrangement and method for construction that fetches earth is worked out
Formulate levelling of the land and the earth excavation arrangement and method for construction of field of fetching earth；Draw earth excavation figure and construction main flat face
Figure, it is determined that place is stacked in the earthwork excavated route and cut out；Offer is fetched earth engineering machinery needed for a restoration of the ecosystem.
3. SURVEYING CONTROL NETWORK is set
By the requirement of construction main flat face, measurement is controlled to field of fetching earth, forms the SURVEYING CONTROL NETWORK of field of fetching earth.Control net will
Building, structures, earthmoving machinery operation and transit route are avoided, and has protective emblem.Levelling of the land should set 10m*10m or
20m*20m grids, control stake is done in each grid, and measures the physical relief absolute altitude of each stake, as calculate dig, earth fill
The foundation of amount and Construction control.Measurement result is checked it is errorless after can carry out levelling of the land and excavation.
4. equipment and personnel prepare
To fetching earth, field device is allocated, and such as shoveling, haulage vehicle and various auxiliary equipments carry out maintenance overhaul, test run
Turn, and equipment is transported to place to use；Construct materials and engineering materials are got out, is stacked by construction plan requirement.Tissue
And it is equipped with each professional and technical personnel, administrative staff and skilled worker needed for earthwork construction, and the good operation order of classes or grades at school of organization arrangement.
Laying scene supply water, power supply, for compressed-air line road, and carry out examination water, examination electricity, gas testing.Build the temporary road fetched earth in field
Road, for the transfer of vehicle or other machineries, the arrangement that main interim transport routes preferably combine permanent road is built.
5. existing barrier is removed
Construction obstacle thing in field of fetching earth is purged；Neighbouring inhering architecture, electric pole, pylon, trees etc. have been taken
Effect ground protective reinforcing measure, available building should make full use of.
6. pumping equipment is set
Provisional or permanent drainage ditch is set on construction ground, ground is drained or low-lying place is discharged to, then is arranged with water pump
Walk.Gutter head fall is typically no less than 2%, makes place not ponding.
7. side slope cuts slope
The fetch earth side slope larger for the gradient carries out cutting slope treatment.Cutting the operation constructed on slope is：Surveying setting-out → machinery
Cut slope → manually cut slope → side slope inspection, treatment and check and accept.
(1) surveying setting-out
By way of controlling side slope aperture lines, grade rod and horizon rule joint survey and checking, control backhoe cut slope precision,
The knack technical ability of machinery operator controls the flatness of side slope.According to operational procedure, designed openings are released in survey crew
After line, site operation personnel piling, bracing wire in aperture lines immediately, then backhoe is excavated in place；It is existing when design side slope is closed on
Field workmen is using horizon rule and homemade grade rod follow-up inspection and checks slope ratio, and surveying party inspects periodically whether side slope accords with
Close design requirement；The flatness of excavation slope is then controlled by the technical skills of manipulator.
(2) machinery cuts slope
Scope, depth, the gradient and delamination, the control of side slope aperture lines, by survey crew are excavated according to design drawing
The tracking piling of field lofting, site operation personnel and quality inspection personnel, then site operation personnel are according to friendship sample list hanging wire vertical rod, control
Aperture lines processed；Cut slope and excavate the requirement for having to comply with design drawing, file.Slope process control is cut in backhoe, first has to control its row
Direction is walked, creeper tread is parallel with side slope face, can control the slope of adjacent regions according to creeper tread walking so as to operating personnel
Degree is consistent, it is to avoid or reduce frequently inspection check work.At the position that local domatic more long or geological conditions is poor, mainly adopt
The method for being layered relay with backhoe is excavated, and excavates order from top to bottom, according to domatic length difference with 2~3 backhoes in operation
Cut the earth simultaneously on face, be communicated up soil in shoveling, and load loading machine.Cutting depth strictly is controlled during excavation, is reserved
The protective layer of 20cm, the layer can only be by hand excavation to protect levee body undisturbed soil not by disturbance, to control side slope, it is to avoid digging
With deficient digging.The change of soil layer is noted in digging process at any time, excavator keeps certain safe distance away from side slope, it is determined that each digging
Dress depth, it is to avoid abnormal conditions occur, it is ensured that equipment safety.Prepare 2 7.5kw dredge pumps in digging process and be used for draining.Apply
Ensure that draining is unimpeded in work, prevent from causing slope instability due to impeded drainage.
(3) slope is manually cut
After the completion of mechanical equivalent of light excavation, slope is manually cut in time, the 20cm protective layers soil to reserving manually is cleared up, with platform
Be boundary, point upper and lower two-layer first carries out the artificial of subsurface and cuts slope, after carry out the artificial of face layer and cut slope.
(4) side slope inspection, treatment and examination
Base surface size and soil body quality are checked, rebuild and processed in time after excavation.Check point self-inspection, a supervisor
The initial survey of tissue and whole inspection three phases are carried out.
Base surface must be smooth solid, must not have projection, loosen the defects such as block, loosened soil scum silica frost.Must after base surface completion
Necessary protection must be carried out.
8. smooth construction site
By design or construction requirement, scope and absolute altitude smooth location, regulation spoil area is abandoned into the earthwork；To there is value
Table soil peeled off and preservation treatment；It is all in construction area, influence the soft layer of construction quality, mud, fertile soil, big
Cobble, boulder, rubbish, tree root, turf and it is unfit to do rice field wet soil, frozen soil of backfill etc. and should be taken entirely according to different situations
Excavate or set gutter drainage in portion.
Construction site preparation measure has three below part：
(1) comprehensive site preparation
Comprehensive site preparation is referred mainly to ditch because of the mechanical planarization of gesture moulding, to be conducive to the construction of ditch restoration of the ecosystem
Production operation and plant survive.
(2) partial soil preparation
Because ditch physical features changes various, in line with the side of breaking ground less, the principle made use of momentum with slope, according to the different ground of ditch
Gesture situation, becomes band or block that can not be made on flat massif to turn over to cultivate.On the one hand this operating type ensure that is easy to
The pouring of plant early stage, while can also reduce land control workload, and can also small range improve the soil of plant growth
Condition.
(3) afforestation site preparation
Total body construction soil moved in improve the original average thickness 0.3m or so planting soil, large-scale nursery stock based on kind of plant hole soil removal and replacement, to plant seedling
Local cave-shaped site preparation is taken at the position of wood, and the specification of specification nursery stock and soil ball according to used by of cave-shaped site preparation is determined.
9. planting soil treatment
After the completion of the work of mechanical finishing soil, the work of manual sorting green land is carried out, mainly with spade, whole soil of raking
Ground, reaches greening condition.Minimum plantation soil thickness should meet following table regulation necessary to plant production：
| Vegetation pattern | Lawn cover plant | Undershrub | Big shrub | Shallow root arbor | Deep root arbor |
| Thickness | 25 | 35 | 40 | 60 | 70 |
To lawn flower planting ground, sowing the 25~30cm that should turn over, hug the thin area's impurity removing of flatbreaking, use sufficient base manure, it is smooth
Design requirement should be met with the gradient, the place that indivedual plantations are set greatly not enough, is carried out soil removal and replacement by soil layer when plantation is set greatly.
10. soil improvement and curing
Because the organic content on a top layer of fetching earth soil layer higher have received the destruction for destroying, the fertility of soil occurs bright
Aobvious decline, therefore, after processing planting soil, to ensure plant biological normal growth, it is necessary to which soil is carried out
Improvement and curing.
(1) green manure and organic fertilizer application
Green manuring mode selects miscegenation green manure.In same piece of land, while the two or more green manure crop of mixed seeding.
By leguminous green manure and nonleguminous green manure, overgrow and upright green manure miscegenation, make that nutrient can be adjusted with each other, sarmentum can be climbed uprightly
Green manure, makes field ventilation and penetrating light.So miscegenation yield is higher, Effect of improving soil is preferable.
Green manure comprehensively uses direct returning to farmland, decomposition into field, charing also field and bioreactor when applying.Can reduce
Carbon is discharged, and the rapid improved soil of energy, and improved effect is good, for protecting local environment.
Organic fertilizer is mainly derived from plant and animal, imposes on soil to provide the carbon containing thing that plant nutrient is its major function
Material.Full nutrition can not only be provided for crops, and fertilizer efficiency is long, can increase and update the soil organism, promotes microorganism numerous
Grow, improve the physicochemical property and bioactivity of soil, be the Main Nutrients of pollution-free food production.
Organic fertilizer production and the method for harmless treatment are using EM heaps corruption method.EM is a kind of aerobic and suspicion oxygen effectively micro- life
Thing group, is mainly made up of photosynthetic bacteria, actinomyces, saccharomycete and lactic acid bacteria etc., has been widely used in agricultural and environmental protection.It
With various functions such as deodorant, desinsection, sterilization, environment purification and promotion plant growths.People, animal excrement is processed with it make compost,
Innoxious effect can be played.
(2) biological fertility betterment technology
Biological organic fermenting fertilizer is to be inoculated with soil in soil to occupy type earthworm and organic substance, plays fostering and apply fertilizer naturally for they
Effect.Earthworm can change the physical arrangement of soil, and the aeration and water penetration of soil are improved by producing macrovoid.They are also
Promotion is colonized with the mycorrhizal fungi of Root Symbiont on root, and the latter can help root to absorb moisture, nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrition.
11. side slope reparations
(1) grade of side slope is worked as<Plant biological bag method is used when 60：
1) plant biological bag method
For field of fetching earth cut slope it is smooth after side slope reparation use plant biological bag method.Specific construction step is：(1) drive piles.
Press close to slag blocking wall inner side ditching, then ditch depth 0.8m disposes staking out, and staking out spacing is 0.55m, and backfill is simultaneously compacted, using horizontal stroke
Staking out is connected and fixed by bar.(2) plant biological bag pack.It is the seed that will handle well and fiber, adhesive, water-loss reducer, composite fertilizer, slow
Fertilizer, microbial-bacterial fertilizer etc. are released, is stirred and evenly mixed and is fitted into plant biological bag.(3) plant biological bag laying.Plant biological bag is pressed from lower along slope aspect top
To laying.First row plant biological bag is laid by longitudinal direction, and holds out against timber, and second row is laid and be compacted as horizontal upwards.Planted per two-layer
The paving location of raw bag is in delta structure.If any space, filled and led up with soil and be compacted.Last row's plant biological bag is pushed up by longitudinal paving in slope
If.
2) commonly sow grass seeds by duster
Selection red fescue and annual bluegrass, and increase the autochthon of draft or shrub in a periphery vegetation ecosystem that fetches earth
Son, makes secondary vegetation gradually be merged with natural, ecological vegetation within the several years from now on, and the artificial vestige chiseled and carved is not shown.Tall, shrub
Seed 80 DEG C of hot water (containing seed soaking agent) seed soaking 1 day, herbaceous plant seeds are soaked seed 1~2 hour before sowing grass seeds by duster, and seed is absorbed water wet
Profit.
3) plant setting
For the stability of rapid restored ecosystem, while shrub seed is sowed grass seeds by duster, the load for carrying out shrub is planted.
In Plants types choice, mainly consider with landscape angle from ecological, by planting the sapling of purchase, obtain ecological environment
Repair as soon as possible.
Tree Species Selection first, the landscape that should not be allowed after recovering seems lofty, i.e., should be harmonious with the landscape ecological on periphery.
Secondly, while landscape ecological is considered, the culture and economic activity of local resident are taken into account.
(2) grade of side slope is worked as>Alien earth sparging method is used when 60：
1) surveying setting-out
Use level instrument and tape measure are put a little by spacing 2m in length and breadth first, determine Bower Anchor bar drill hole site, then in adjacent master
The secondary anchor pole of interpolation on anchor pole intermediate point.
2) lapping, nail net
Strengthen geonet using zinc-plated prismatic wire netting high or high strength plastics, mesh specification is to use wind at 5cm × 5cm rocks
Bore or electric drill presses lm × lm spacing quincuncial arrangement anchor poles and holdfast.Anchor pole 90~100cm long, holdfast is about 15~40cm.Hang
Using unreeling from top to bottom during net construction, adjacent two rolled steel wires net (geonet) is connected with tie wire respectively, and two nets are handed over
The place of connecing at least requires the overlap for having 10cm, holdfast lm2No less than 5.Net keeps certain interval, and uniformity with the scope of operation.
Can be at regular intervals wrapped in straw rope at steeper rock surface on the net, to increase adhesive force, soil moved in improve the original thickness is guaranteed.Linked network can
So that soil moved in improve the original matrix forms a lasting overall plate in rock surface.
3) alien earth sparging
Moistening of being watered before alien earth sparging is domatic, by the mixing materials such as peat, fertile soil, grass fiber, slow-release nutrient fertilizer warp
Sowed grass seeds by duster on wire netting after the stirring for crossing special-purpose machinery, thickness is 2~8cm.Being lost due to water supply in media can cause stromal thickness
Not enough, typically require that jet thickness is the 125% of design thickness.
4) sow grass seeds by duster vegetable seeds
Selection red fescue and annual bluegrass, and increase the native soil of draft or shrub in the vegetation ecosystem of local road periphery
Seed, makes secondary vegetation gradually be merged with natural, ecological vegetation within the several years from now on, and the artificial vestige chiseled and carved is not shown.Tall, filling
80 DEG C of hot water (the containing seed soaking agent) seed soaking 1 day of wooden seed, herbaceous plant seeds are soaked seed 1~2 hour before sowing grass seeds by duster, and seed is absorbed water
Moistening.
5) cover
Be ensure rainy season, vegetable seeds before taking root from rain drop erosion, cold season, vegetable seeds and seedling from
Frostbite do harm to, and normal construction season heat and moisture preserving.It is required that using non-woven fabrics (or straw curtain) covering, and make every effort to careful, this
Sample can anti-early stage non-woven fabrics run by wind, its purpose：One is to prevent the scope of operation after shaping to be washed away by rain；Two is to be incubated
It is wet, promote the growth of plant.
12. job platform reparations
(1) commonly sow grass seeds by duster
Selection red fescue and annual bluegrass, and increase the autochthon of draft or shrub in a periphery vegetation ecosystem that fetches earth
Son, makes secondary vegetation gradually be merged with natural, ecological vegetation within the several years from now on, and the artificial vestige chiseled and carved is not shown.Tall, shrub
Seed 80 DEG C of hot water (containing seed soaking agent) seed soaking 1 day, herbaceous plant seeds are soaked seed 1~2 hour before sowing grass seeds by duster, and seed is absorbed water wet
Profit.
(2) woods shrub collocation
In order to increase the stability of the ecosystem, the uniformity of landscape is formed, while shrub seed is sowed grass seeds by duster, carried out
The transplanting of primary shrub.In Plants types choice, mainly consider with landscape angle from ecological, in a both sides ecology that fetches earth
The good area of environment, under conditions of its ecological environment is not destroyed, transplants to part protophyte.
Fetching earth, a periphery ecological environment is poor, is unsatisfactory for the area of condition, by planting the sapling of purchase, makes ecological ring
Repaired as soon as possible in border.
(3) forests for water and soil conservation
By building forests for water and soil conservation soil erosion is reduced come Fang Zhi ﹑.Forests for water and soil conservation plays the role of important：Regulation precipitation
And rainwash.﹐ is stayed to change the precipitation shape formula ﹐ dropped on forest land cutting for natural rainfall by Qiao's ﹑ shrubs storey in woods
Weaken the energy on rainfall intensity and its impact ground.Rainwater is reduced by the form for increasing increased surface covering to invade terrestrial materials
Erosion.Terrestrial materials composition can be improved, improve microbial environment, finally improve miniclimate.
Due to bioclimatic condition and reproducing area edaphic condition all compare Cha ﹐ forests for water and soil conservations of most of erosion areas
Construction and managing there is following features ﹕ to select resistance and adaptable filling wood species ﹐ to note simultaneously using appropriate mixed
Friendship mode.Po faces for example small Ping Tiao ﹑ Yu Lin Keng ﹑ reversed terraces of Gong Cheng ﹐ etc. of conserving water and soil of reproducing area are noted when construction is planned.Can
Update and close hillsides to facilitate afforestation using various afforestation Fang Fa ﹐ and artificial promotion.The suitable Shao great ﹐ of initial density in planting of afforestation are strongly fragrant in advance with profit
Close.
13. plant maintenance and managements
Arranging maintenance work personnel's whole year carries out maintenance management, and greening, maintenance management need of work are uninterrupted throughout the year
Carrying out.Have in it：Water draining, fertilising, tillage and weeding, shaping and pruning, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, cold-proof etc..
1) water draining
Newly, in order to keep above and below ground water balance, promote it and take root, it is necessary to often water because transpiration rate is big in nursery stock,
Soil is set to be in moisture state.In weather arid, also need to be sprayed water to tree crown and limb.Needed in particular according to plant growth
Will, poured in the different time, soil is in moisture state.In weather arid, must also be sprayed water to tree crown and limb.
Needed in particular according to plant growth, keep-alive water, growth water, jelly water are poured in different time, to ensure that plant normally grows
Need.Nursery stock is planted to new, planting nursery stock should be carried out in 4,5,6,9, October and November at least monthly watering for 1~2 time.Such as to plant
Strain fertilising, should water immediately after fertilising, and it is Root Absorption to promote fertilizer to infiltrate into soil into aqueous solution state, while fertilizer is dense
Degree is reduced and will not burn root.
Winter pours before freeze-up and once freezes water, in addition annual July and August part, and draining is concentrated mainly on this season, when
When ponding occurs in greenery patches, timely draining is answered.
2) apply fertilizer
Because the growth needs of flower plants and nursery stock are, it is necessary to constantly supplement nutrient, being applied fertilizer to nursery stock can efficiently solve seedling
The not enough problem of wooden nutrient.Nitrogenous fertilizer should germinate in spring, be applied when growth is vigorous；Bud differentiation period should apply phosphate fertilizer more；Autumn
Season should be affixed by phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, stop nitrogen fertilizer application.To be watered immediately after fertilising.General fertilising is with raining or carry out when watering.The following is
Base manure scale：
Base manure scale
Lawn base manure is preferably controlled in 10kg/m2。
3) tillage and weeding
Tillage and weeding is beneficial to root growth, and weeds consume substantial amounts of moisture and nutrient, influence plant growth, while propagating
Various pest and disease damages.Weeds in greenery patches to often be gone out and removed.Weeding in line with " except it is early, except it is small, except " principle.Spring and summer will remove
Grass 2~3 times, is sure not to allow weeds to set seeds.Weeding is often carried out with reference to intertillage, it is also possible to which herbicide carries out weed eradication.Tillage and weeding should
Carried out in fine day.
4) shaping and pruning
The pruning of trees can be carried out throughout the year, such as bud picking, pinching, except tiller, beta pruning, but prune in dormancy on a large scale
Phase is carried out preferably, in order to avoid bleeding is excessive, influences tree vigo(u)r.Stripping bud pruning trees sprout after, can sprout on trunk branch many buds,
Sprout, influences shape of tree-crown, and consume substantial amounts of nutrient, it is necessary to which these coppice spouts, sprout are removed in time.
Grow thickly point difference influence tree crown of branch grows tall, grows up.The pruning of particularly flowering shrub is more necessary, to control and repair
Length is cut, is made overall tree-like, in the same size.To beautify plant shape, balance high, increase long shoot, raising planting survival rate.
The instrument of pruning trees must be sharp, smooths clip, and clip edge should can otherwise make on branch close proximity to dry section
Leave fast knot.But can not be too deep, it is too deep often to form tree hole in trunk, with clip tangent plane and trunk keeping parallelism and should approach
At grade preferably.After big branch saw goes, paint or preservative are smeared on clip.
5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Green plants suffer various disease pest harm in growth course, often, influence the normal growth of plant and view and admire effect
Really.Tissue special messenger periodically often watches trees appearance and growing state, and epidemic situation is found in time, diagnoses the cause of disease, processes as early as possible.Can use
Bravo, Mancozeb monthly to mid-October, do not have first quarter moon once, zinc sulphur in the high temperature season triadimefon of June to September
Phosphorus, Furadan interlock using monthly, for killing subterranean pest-insect etc..Disease branch should be in time wiped out for dioryctria splendidella to burn, 6
~August eats into dry worm for thousand Chinese toons etc., can be applied to trunk epidermis with phoxim baythion, then is tightly wrapped with polybag, play it is stifling, tag and flutter
The effect gone out.
6) it is cold-proof
Reinforcement cultivation management is taken, strengthens the cold tolerance of plant.Early spring waters in time, reduces soil temperature, postpones plant
Active stage, make plant from freeze injury.Trunk is wrapped up with straw or straw rope, is whitewashed, take air partition.
14th, fencing
Exclusion measures：Natural Secondary Forests and artificial forest zone are carried out closing protection, forbid to lumber, cut firewood, mow, herding,
The human activity such as open up wasteland, go hunting, strengthening pest and disease monitoring, preventing and treating and fireproofing, promotion formed arbor for main body, tall fill grass knot
The standing forest group that conjunction, stabilization rational in infrastructure are efficiently mutually coordinated with function.
1) fence engineering
To prevent dyke Ecological Restoration Area periphery animal from being destroyed to grassland vegetation into reclamation field, vegetation is influenceed
Recovery effects, chain link fence is set around reclamation field.Fence design protection height 1.20m, designing material is reinforcing bar
Silicon stake plus barbed wire.To ensure the normal growth on grassland, prevent livestock from trampling, secondary vegetation recovery effects are improved, to Subsided Reclamation Region
Domain uses fence engineering protection.
2) direction board engineering
Engineering sign board and fixed warning sign are set up in the eye-catching location such as traffic intersection, the exit or entrance of a clitch in closing region, and indicate
Fencing four is to contents such as scope, area, the time limit, type, mode, measures.
3) Its Preventive Measures
According to " put prevention first, because evil set up defences, the comprehensive regulation " principle, set up disease, worm, mouse, rabbit etc. respectively in closing region
The precautionary measures such as the prediction point of disaster, prevent disaster from occurring, and carry out the preventing and controlling after occurring.
4) measure is organized and implemented
Closing region tissue is established and improve, closing region management team is formed, fencing system is formulated, closing region is built with neighboring region
Vertical joint defence system, perfects closing region contract and responsibility system.
5) publicity measures
Strengthen the publicity to closing region nearby residents, allow the people to understand the effect of fencing and important meaning, allow vast
The masses understand exclusion measures, increase the dynamics of participation of the masses.
6) closing region archives are set up
The vegetation state of closing region archives including closing region, the Long-term planning of closing region and last the fencing of use and arrange
Apply, it is planned that fenced region is investigated, including forest variation, understory species are deduced, Litter Layer is accumulated, water and soil conservation
Benefit, economic benefit etc., understand the upgrowth situation of thinner seedlings or saplings and the development defence line of young growth, so that correct formulation is educated
The measure of woods, can carry out periodic observation realization by setting sample ground.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all impartial changes done according to scope of the present invention patent or
Modification, should all belong to covering scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. one kind fetches earth an ecological restoring method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step one, reconnoitres field of fetching earth, works out an arrangement and method for construction that fetches earth；Field of fetching earth is reconnoitred, the basic condition of field of fetching earth is understood, formulated
Fetch earth field levelling of the land and earth excavation arrangement and method for construction, draw earth excavation figure and overall construction site plan；
Step 2, sets SURVEYING CONTROL NETWORK, equipment and personnel and prepares；By the requirement of construction main flat face, survey is controlled to field of fetching earth
Amount, forms the SURVEYING CONTROL NETWORK of field of fetching earth；The field device that fetches earth, material are allocated, related personnel is organized and be equipped with, prepares to take
Tu Chang repairs required hydroelectric facility and builds the temporary road fetched earth in field；
Step 3, removes site obstructions, sets pumping equipment；The building that obstacle is brought to construction in field of fetching earth is removed, it is right
Available building is made full use of；Provisional or permanent drainage ditch is set on construction ground, excess surface water is drained into
In gutter, then drained with water pump；
Step 4, side slope cuts slope；The fetch earth side slope big for the gradient carries out cutting slope treatment；
Step 5, smooth construction site, planting soil treatment；By design or construction requirement, scope and absolute altitude smooth location, by soil
Side abandons regulation spoil area；Table soil to there is value is peeled off and preservation treatment；Worked in mechanical finishing soil and completed
Afterwards, the work of manual sorting green land is carried out, is leveled land with spade, rake, reach greening condition；
Step 6, soil improvement and curing；
Step 7, side slope reparation；Work as grade of side slope<Plant biological bag method is used at 60 degree, works as grade of side slope>Sprayed using soil moved in improve the original at 60 degree
Broadcast method；
Step 8, platform reparation, plant maintenance and management；Selection plantation red fescue and annual bluegrass pioneer, and increase field of fetching earth
The seed of one's native land of draft or shrub in the vegetation ecosystem of periphery, make secondary vegetation within the several years from now on gradually with natural life
State vegetation is merged, and while shrub seed is sowed grass seeds by duster, carries out the transplanting of primary shrub；Fetch earth a periphery ecological environment compared with
Difference, is unsatisfactory for the area of transplanting condition, by planting the sapling of purchase, ecological environment is repaired as soon as possible；Finally build
Forests for water and soil conservation carrys out Fang Zhi ﹑ and reduces soil erosion；Arranging maintenance work personnel's whole year carries out maintenance management, greening, maintenance management
Need of work is continual throughout the year to be carried out；
Step 9, fencing；Natural Secondary Forests and artificial forest zone close with protection, pest and disease monitoring, preventing and treating and fireproofing,
Promotion forms the standing forest group that arbor is efficiently mutually coordinated for main body, tall shrub combination, stabilization rational in infrastructure with function.
2. one kind according to claim 1 fetches earth an ecological restoring method, it is characterised in that side slope cuts slope tool in step 4
Body step includes：Surveying setting-out, machinery cut slope, manually cut slope and side slope inspection, treatment and examination.
3. one kind according to claim 1 fetches earth an ecological restoring method, it is characterised in that smooth construction field in step 5
The concrete measure on ground includes：Comprehensive site preparation, partial soil preparation and afforestation site preparation.
4. one kind according to claim 1 fetches earth an ecological restoring method, it is characterised in that to planting soil in step 5
During treatment, minimum plantation soil thickness should meet following table regulation necessary to plant production：
To lawn flower planting ground, sowing the 25 ~ 30cm that should turn over, hug the thin area's impurity removing of flatbreaking, use sufficient base manure, the smooth and gradient
Design requirement should be met, the place that indivedual plantations are set greatly not enough, is carried out soil removal and replacement by soil layer when plantation is set greatly.
5. one kind according to claim 1 fetches earth an ecological restoring method, it is characterised in that work as grade of side slope in step 7
<Included using the concrete measure of plant biological bag method when 60：
（1）Piling；Pressing close to ditching on the inside of slag blocking wall, then ditch depth 0.8m disposes staking out, and staking out spacing is 0.55m, backfill
And be compacted, staking out is connected and fixed using cross bar；
（2）Plant biological bag is packed；The seed that will be handled well and fiber, adhesive, water-loss reducer, composite fertilizer, slow-release fertilizer, microbial-bacterial fertilizer
Deng stirring and evenly mixing and be fitted into plant biological bag；
（3）Plant biological bag is laid；Plant biological bag is pressed and is laid along slope upward direction from lower；First row plant biological bag is laid by longitudinal direction, and pushes up
Tight timber, upwards by laterally laying and being compacted, the paving location per two-layer plant biological bag is in delta structure to second row；As having time
Gap, is filled and led up and is compacted with soil, and last row's plant biological bag is pushed up by longitudinal laying in slope.
6. one kind according to claim 1 fetches earth an ecological restoring method, it is characterised in that work as grade of side slope in step 7
>Included using the concrete measure of alien earth sparging method when 60：
1）Surveying setting-out
Use level instrument and tape measure are put a little by spacing 2m in length and breadth first, determine Bower Anchor bar drill hole site, then in adjacent Bower Anchor bar
The secondary anchor pole of interpolation on intermediate point；
2）Lapping, nail net
Strengthen geonet using zinc-plated prismatic wire netting high or high strength plastics, mesh specification is 5cm × 5cm, and air drill is used at rock
Or electric drill presses lm × lm spacing quincuncial arrangement anchor poles and holdfast, anchor pole 90 ~ 100cm long, holdfast 15 ~ 40cm long；Linked network is constructed
Shi Caiyong is unreeled from top to bottom, and adjacent two rolled steel wires net is connected with tie wire respectively, and two net junctions have at least required
The overlap of 10cm, holdfast lm2At least provided with 5；Wire netting keeps certain interval, and uniformity with the scope of operation；At steep scar
It is wrapped on wire netting at regular intervals with straw rope, to increase adhesive force, soil moved in improve the original thickness is guaranteed；
3）Alien earth sparging
Moistening of being watered before alien earth sparging is domatic, and peat, fertile soil, grass fiber, slow-release nutrient fertilizer are stirred by special-purpose machinery
Sowed grass seeds by duster on wire netting after mixing, thickness is 2 ~ 8cm；Being lost due to water supply in media can cause stromal thickness inadequate, it is desirable to which injection is thick
Spend is the 125% of design thickness；
4）Sow grass seeds by duster vegetable seeds
Selection red fescue and annual bluegrass, and increase the autochthon of draft or shrub in the vegetation ecosystem of local road periphery
Son, makes secondary vegetation gradually be merged with natural, ecological vegetation within the several years from now on, and the artificial vestige chiseled and carved is not shown；Tall, shrub
Seed with 80 DEG C of Soaking in hot water 1 day containing seed soaking agent, before sowing grass seeds by duster soak seed 1 ~ 2 hour, makes seed water suction wet by herbaceous plant seeds
Profit；
5）Covering
Be ensure rainy season, vegetable seeds before taking root from rain drop erosion, cold season, vegetable seeds and seedling are from frostbite
Evil, and normal construction season heat and moisture preserving；It is required that being covered using non-woven fabrics or straw curtain, and make every effort to careful, can so prevent
Early stage non-woven fabrics is run by wind, its purpose：One is to prevent the scope of operation after shaping to be washed away by rain；Two be can heat and moisture preserving, promote
The growth of plant.
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| CN106105470A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-11-16 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | A kind of healthy soil body construction method of land control of giving up based on rural area sky |
| CN108476648A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-09-04 | 福建省林业科学研究院（福建省林业技术发展研究中心、福建省林业生产力促进中心、中国林业科学研究院海西分院） | A kind of method and system of rock coast Difficult site revegetation |
| CN109056750A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-21 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | A kind of vegetation ecological concrete protection blended stock and its construction method |
| CN109287359A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-02-01 | 太原植物园 | A kind of high steep breakage of massif is looked unfamiliar the method that state is quickly repaired |
| CN109315200A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2019-02-12 | 江苏绿岩生态技术股份有限公司 | In Qinghai Area slope of highway vegetation repair method |
| CN109479538A (en) * | 2018-11-04 | 2019-03-19 | 浙江杭博生态环境建设有限公司 | A kind of massif ecological management plant seeding method |
| CN109565995A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-05 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of method for recovering vegetation of dry valley engineering body excavation slope |
| CN109819712A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-05-31 | 胡鹏程 | One kind repairing remodeling method for gardens pit |
| CN109845441A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-06-07 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | A kind of mining area dregs platform rehabilitation plant layered sowing method |
| CN111657012A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-15 | 长江岩土工程总公司（武汉） | High and steep rock slope greening structure and construction method thereof |
| CN114885731A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-12 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | Vegetation recovery method for typhoon-damaged mangrove forest land |
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| CN115530000A (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2022-12-30 | 中铁十二局集团第四工程有限公司 | Method for slope greening in high and cold areas by using underground seed bank |
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| CN106105470A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-11-16 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | A kind of healthy soil body construction method of land control of giving up based on rural area sky |
| CN108476648A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-09-04 | 福建省林业科学研究院（福建省林业技术发展研究中心、福建省林业生产力促进中心、中国林业科学研究院海西分院） | A kind of method and system of rock coast Difficult site revegetation |
| CN109056750A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-21 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | A kind of vegetation ecological concrete protection blended stock and its construction method |
| CN109315200A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2019-02-12 | 江苏绿岩生态技术股份有限公司 | In Qinghai Area slope of highway vegetation repair method |
| CN109287359A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-02-01 | 太原植物园 | A kind of high steep breakage of massif is looked unfamiliar the method that state is quickly repaired |
| CN109479538A (en) * | 2018-11-04 | 2019-03-19 | 浙江杭博生态环境建设有限公司 | A kind of massif ecological management plant seeding method |
| CN109845441A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-06-07 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | A kind of mining area dregs platform rehabilitation plant layered sowing method |
| CN109565995A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-05 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of method for recovering vegetation of dry valley engineering body excavation slope |
| CN109819712A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-05-31 | 胡鹏程 | One kind repairing remodeling method for gardens pit |
| CN111657012A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-15 | 长江岩土工程总公司（武汉） | High and steep rock slope greening structure and construction method thereof |
| CN114885731A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-12 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | Vegetation recovery method for typhoon-damaged mangrove forest land |
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