CN106899201A - 软起动电路及具备软起动电路的电源装置 - Google Patents

软起动电路及具备软起动电路的电源装置 Download PDF

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CN106899201A
CN106899201A CN201611166873.5A CN201611166873A CN106899201A CN 106899201 A CN106899201 A CN 106899201A CN 201611166873 A CN201611166873 A CN 201611166873A CN 106899201 A CN106899201 A CN 106899201A
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soft starting
transistor
starting circuit
constant
soft
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河野明大
后藤克也
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Seiko Instruments Inc
Ablic Inc
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Seiko Instruments Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/083Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the ignition at the zero crossing of the voltage or the current
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36Means for starting or stopping converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054Transistor switching losses
    • H02M1/0058Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/13Modifications for switching at zero crossing
    • H03K17/133Modifications for switching at zero crossing in field-effect transistor switches
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供能够得到高精度的软起动时间的软起动电路。其具备:恒流源;输出软起动电压的输出端子;接地端子;连接在恒流源与接地端子之间并且栅极和漏极短路的第一晶体管;连接在恒流源与输出端子之间并且在栅极接受时钟信号的第二晶体管;以及连接在第二晶体管与接地端子之间的电容器。

Description

软起动电路及具备软起动电路的电源装置
技术领域
本发明涉及软起动电路及具备软起动电路的电源装置。
背景技术
在DCDC转换器等电源装置中,一般设有用于防止电源接通时的冲击电流的软起动电路。
现有的软起动电路中,为了得到在数毫秒(msec)的时间内上升的软起动电压,会需要电容值高的电容器,存在会在IC芯片内占用较大的面积的问题。
针对相关问题,在专利文献1中,提出了以下方法:通过构成为利用时钟信号来使开关导通/截止、并且以恒流间歇地充电电容器,从而减小电容器并抑制电路规模。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特许第4853003号公报。
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
然而,利用时钟信号来间歇地充电电容器的方法中,由于构成开关的晶体管的工作点在开关导通时和开关截止时不同,所以开关刚刚切换后电容器中会流过与期望的电流值不同的电流。因此,存在这样的课题:软起动时间脱离理论上由电容和电流值算出的值,难以得到期望的软起动时间。
本发明鉴于上述课题而构思,其目的在于,提供能够得到高精度的软起动时间的软起动电路。
用于解决课题的方案
为了解决上述课题,本发明的软起动电路的特征在于具备:恒流源;输出端子,输出软起动电压;接地端子;第一晶体管,连接在所述恒流源与所述接地端子之间,栅极和漏极短路;第二晶体管,连接在所述恒流源与所述输出端子之间,在栅极接受时钟信号;以及电容器,连接在所述第二晶体管与所述接地端子之间。
发明效果
本发明的软起动电路中,当第二晶体管处于导通状态时,从恒流源流出的电流的一部分经由第二晶体管供给至电容器,从而电容器被充电;当第二晶体管处于截止状态时,从恒流源流出的全部电流经由第一晶体管向接地端子流动。即,在第二晶体管导通、截止的任何时候,电流都持续流过软起动电路。
因而,与如专利文献1那样使作为开关的晶体管截止而停止电流的方法相比,能够在第二晶体管刚刚导通后确定工作点,从而使期望的电流流动,因此软起动电压Vref_ss稳定地上升。因而,依据本发明,能够得到高精度的软起动时间。
附图说明
图1是本发明的实施方式的软起动电路的电路图。
图2是示出图1的时钟信号的一个例子的波形图。
图3是具备图1的软起动电路的开关调节器的电路图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图,对本发明的实施方式进行说明。
图1是本实施方式的软起动电路100的电路图。
本实施方式的软起动电路100具备:恒流源10;PMOS晶体管11及12;以及电容器13。
恒流源10的一端与电源输入端子Vin连接。
PMOS晶体管11连接在恒流源10与接地端子Vss之间,栅极和漏极短路。
PMOS晶体管12连接在恒流源10与输出端子SSout之间,在栅极接受时钟信号CLK。
电容器13连接在PMOS晶体管12与接地端子Vss之间。
电源输入端子Vin被供给输入电压,接地端子Vss被供给接地电压,从输出端子SSout输出软起动电压Vref_ss。
如上所述那样构成的软起动电路100动作如下。
在电源接通后,若时钟信号CLK成为低电平,则晶体管12导通,晶体管11通常导通,因此,与晶体管11和12的尺寸比对应的电流分别流过晶体管11及12。
而且,来自恒流源10的电流的一部分经由晶体管12而流入电容器13,从而电容器13被充电。
另一方面,在时钟信号CLK成为高电平时,晶体管12会截止,来自恒流源10的全部电流经由通常导通的晶体管11而流向接地端子Vss。
这样,依据本实施方式,在晶体管12导通、截止的任何时候,电流总是流过软起动电路100,因此,能够将恒流源10与晶体管11及12的连接点的电压保持大致恒定。即,晶体管12在导通时和截止时源极电压几乎不变,从刚刚导通后到稳定为止,其工作点几乎不变。因而,软起动电压Vref_ss稳定地上升,从而能够得到高精度的软起动时间。
在此,使晶体管11的尺寸充分大于晶体管12,例如,使晶体管11与晶体管12的尺寸比大到9:1左右。
这是因为流过电容器的电流取决于两个晶体管11及12的尺寸比。即,通过增大尺寸比,能够减小流过电容器13的电流,由此,能够以较小的电容器来延长软起动时间。
另外,输入至晶体管12的时钟信号CLK的DUTY(工作状态占比)越小越好,例如,如图2所示,将DUTY设为10%左右。
由此,晶体管12的导通时间变短,能够缩短电流在晶体管12中流动的时间,因此还缩短对电容器13的充电时间,具有能够以较小的电容器来进一步延长软起动时间这一效果。另外,经由晶体管11流入接地端子Vss的电流量越多、另外时间越长,该效果就越大。
进而,减小时钟信号CLK的DUTY,会提高恒流源的精度,即,软起动时间的精度。以下说明该理由。
现有的软起动电路中,通过恒流源生成100nA左右的微小电流,利用该微小电流对电容器进行充电,从而延长软起动时间。
另一方面,在本实施方式中,如果将时钟信号CLK的DUTY设为10%,即便在将恒流源10的电流增大到1μA的情况下,电流流过晶体管12的期间也成为1/10,因此能够得到与在现有的软起动电路中恒流源的电流为100nA的情况相等的软起动时间。
在减小恒流源的电流的情况下,例如,想要用电流反射镜折返电流而生成较小的电流时,误差会变大;另外,电流变小时还会容易受到泄漏电流的影响、噪声的影响。因此,与较小的电流相比,较大电流的恒流源更能精度良好地生成,因此1μA的恒流源的精度高于100nA的恒流源。
依据本实施方式,能够使用高精度的恒流源10,结果是能够进一步提高软起动时间的精度。
接着,说明将本发明的软起动电路用于电源装置的例子。
图3是具备图1的软起动电路100的DCDC转换器200的电路图。
DCDC转换器200的结构为一般结构,因此,在此省略详细的说明,对如何使用软起动电路100的输出即软起动电压Vref_ss进行说明。
误差放大电路20的两个同相输入端子分别被输入基准电压电路21的基准电压Vref和软起动电压Vref_ss,反相输入端子被输入对DCDC转换器200的输出电压Vout分压后的反馈电压Vfb。
误差放大电路20将基准电压Vref及软起动电压Vref_ss之中的电压较低的一者与反馈电压Vfb进行比较,并将误差电压Verr向PWM比较器22输出。
电源接通后,软起动电压Vref_ss缓缓上升,但是在软起动电压Vref_ss低于基准电压Vref期间,在误差放大电路20中比较反馈电压Vfb与软起动电压Vref_ss,基准电压Vref不会对输出即误差电压Verr产生影响。
而且,若经过既定软起动时间,则软起动电压Vref_ss会高于基准电压Vref。因而,其后在误差放大电路20中比较反馈电压Vfb与基准电压Vref,软起动电压Vref_ss不会对输出即误差电压Verr产生影响。
这样,软起动电路100能够在DCDC转换器200中起到软起动功能。
如以上说明那样,依据本实施方式的软起动电路100,能够得到高精度的软起动时间,在DCDC转换器200中,通过使用软起动电路100,能够进行高精度的软起动。
以上,对本发明的实施方式进行了说明,但是本发明并不局限于上述实施方式,在不脱离本发明的宗旨的范围内显然可以进行各种变更。
例如,在上述实施方式中,作为晶体管11及12示出了使用PMOS晶体管的例子,但是晶体管11及12两者、或者任一者使用NMOS晶体管也无妨。
另外,在上述实施方式中,示出了将本发明的软起动电路用于DCDC转换器的例子,但是并不限于此,可以适当用于需要软起动的电源装置。
标号说明
100 软起动电路
200 DCDC转换器
10 恒流源
11、12 PMOS晶体管
13 电容器
20 误差放大电路
21 基准电压电路
22 PWM转换器。

Claims (3)

1.一种软起动电路,其特征在于,具备:
恒流源;
输出端子,输出软起动电压;
接地端子;
第一晶体管,连接在所述恒流源与所述接地端子之间,栅极和漏极短路;
第二晶体管,连接在所述恒流源与所述输出端子之间,在栅极接受时钟信号;以及
电容器,连接在所述第二晶体管与所述接地端子之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的软起动电路,其特征在于,
所述第一晶体管的尺寸大于所述第二晶体管的尺寸。
3.一种电源装置,其特征在于,
具备权利要求1或2所述的软起动电路,
利用所述软起动电路输出的软起动电压,在电源接通时执行软起动。
CN201611166873.5A 2015-12-17 2016-12-16 软起动电路及具备软起动电路的电源装置 Pending CN106899201A (zh)

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JP2015065735A (ja) * 2013-09-24 2015-04-09 ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 ソフトスタート回路及びそれを含む半導体装置

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