CN106891885B - 控制包括双离合变速器的混合动力电动车辆的装置和方法 - Google Patents

控制包括双离合变速器的混合动力电动车辆的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN106891885B
CN106891885B CN201610474588.3A CN201610474588A CN106891885B CN 106891885 B CN106891885 B CN 106891885B CN 201610474588 A CN201610474588 A CN 201610474588A CN 106891885 B CN106891885 B CN 106891885B
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gear
electric vehicle
hybrid electric
satisfied
speed
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CN106891885A (zh
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郑成焕
南周铉
田炳昱
李荣浚
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Motors Corp
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/30—Control strategies involving selection of transmission gear ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于控制混合动力电动车辆的方法和装置。该方法包括：确定是否满足滑行条件并且当前档位是否大于或等于预定档位；当满足滑行条件并且当前档位大于或等于预定档位时确定是否按压制动踏板；当按压制动踏板时确定混合动力电动车辆的减速是否小于预定减速；当混合动力电动车辆的减速小于预定减速时连接速度齿轮到输出轴；确定是否满足停止前从当前档位到目标档位的换档条件；并且当满足停止前的换档条件时锁定换档离合器。

Description

控制包括双离合变速器的混合动力电动车辆的装置和方法
技术领域
本公开涉及一种用于控制混合动力电动车辆的装置和方法。
背景技术
本部分的陈述仅提供涉及本公开的背景信息，并可不构成现有技术。
车辆的环保型技术是非常重要的并且未来汽车制造业的生存依赖于其上。汽车制造商正专注于环保型车辆的发展以便满足环保和燃料消耗规章。
未来车辆技术的一些实例是混合动力电动车辆(HEV：hybrid electric vehicle)和双离合变速器(DCT：dual clutch transmission)。
混合动力电动车辆同时使用内燃发动机和电池电源。换句话说，混合动力电动车辆有效地结合和使用内燃发动机的转矩和驱动电动机的转矩。由于混合动力电动车辆同时使用发动机的机械能和电池的电力，可使用发动机和电动机的所需操作区域，并且可回收制动能量，使得可提高燃料效率和可有效地使用能源。
混合动力电动车辆提供在仅使用驱动电动机的转矩的电动车辆(EV：electricvehicle)模式下、在发动机的扭矩用作主转矩并且驱动电动机的转矩用作辅助转矩的混合动力电动车辆(HEV)模式下以及在再生制动模式下的驱动，所述再生制动模式中由惯性在车辆的制动期间或在车辆的减速期间通过驱动电动机的发电回收制动和惯性能量从而充入电池中。
DCT包括施加到手动变速器的两个离合器和齿轮系(gear train)。DCT通过使用两个离合器从扭矩源(例如，发动机或驱动电动机)选择性地传输转矩输出到两个输入轴，通过使用齿轮系改变速度，并输出所改变的扭矩。
DCT被用来实现具有五个或更多前进速度级的紧凑变速。由于两个离合器和同步器由控制器控制，手动换档操纵对于控制DCT可能是不必要的。因此，DCT是一种手自一体变速器(AMT：automated manual transmission)。
在自动变速器的情况下，换档通过包括行星齿轮系的摩擦元件(离合器和制动器)的操作来实现。
与此相反，在DCT的情况下，换档在对应于目标档位的速度齿轮连接到对应于目标档位的输出轴之后通过对应于目标档位的换档离合器的操作来实现。因此，对应于下一档位的速度齿轮预先连接到对应于下一档位的输出轴以便确保换档响应度，其被称作预选择(或预啮合)。然而，由于DCT的旋转轴在执行预选择的时候被限制，功率输送性能和燃料效率由于摩擦损耗变差。换句话说，由于换档响应度和燃料效率处于折衷关系，两者都实现很困难。
特别是，在混合动力电动车辆的情况下，当在再生制动模式下未无条件地执行预选择时，换档时间变长，并且因此驱动电动机的驱动点(转矩和速度)偏离驱动电动机的再生效率高的区域。当在再生制动模式下预选择无条件地执行时，燃料效率由于摩擦损耗变差。
发明内容
本公开提供了一种用于控制混合动力电动车辆的方法和装置，其具有当停止前换档条件有望得到满足时通过连接对应于双离合变速器(DCT)的目标档位的速度齿轮到目标档位的输出轴提高换档响应度和燃料效率的优点。
用于控制包括根据本公开的双离合变速器的混合动力电动车辆的方法可包括：确定是否满足滑行条件并且当前档位是否大于或等于预定档位；当满足滑行条件并且当前档位大于或等于预定档位时确定是否按压制动踏板；当按压制动踏板时确定混合动力电动车辆的减速度是否小于预定减速度；当混合动力电动车辆的减速度小于预定减速度时连接对应于目标档位的速度齿轮到对应于目标档位的输出轴；确定是否满足停止前从当前档位到目标档位的换档条件；并且当满足停止前的换档条件时锁定对应于目标档位的换档离合器。
基于加速踏板的位置值、制动踏板的位置值以及混合动力电动车辆的速度可确定是否满足滑行条件。
方法可还包括在满足滑行条件、当前档位大于或等于预定档位并且不按压制动踏板的状态下不将对应于目标档位的速度齿轮连接到对应于目标档位的输出轴。
基于加速踏板的位置值、混合动力电动车辆的速度以及当前档位可确定是否满足停止前的换档条件。
一种用于控制根据本公开的示例性形式的混合动力电动车辆的装置可包括：配置成当混合动力电动车辆通过制动或滑行行驶时使用电池的电力生成扭矩并且通过回收制动能量或惯性能量生成电力的驱动电动机；配置成连接到驱动电动机并且包括两个换档离合器和齿轮系的双离合变速器；配置成检测用于控制混合动力电动车辆的数据的数据检测器；以及配置成基于数据控制双离合变速器的控制器，其中控制器可确定是否满足滑行条件并且当前档位是否大于或等于预定档位，当满足滑行条件并且当前档位大于或等于预定档位时可确定是否按压制动踏板，当按压制动踏板时可确定混合动力电动车辆的减速度是否小于预定减速度，当混合动力电动车辆的减速度小于预定减速度时可连接对应于目标档位的速度齿轮到对应于目标档位的输出轴，可确定是否满足停止前从当前档位到目标档位的换档条件，并且当满足停止前的换档条件时可锁定对应于目标档位的换档离合器。
控制器可基于加速踏板的位置值、制动踏板的位置值以及混合动力电动车辆的速度确定是否满足滑行条件。
控制器可在满足滑行条件、当前档位大于或等于预定档位并且不按压制动踏板的状态下不将对应于目标档位的速度齿轮连接到对应于目标档位的输出轴。
控制器可基于加速踏板的位置值、混合动力电动车辆的速度以及当前档位确定是否满足停止前的换档条件。
数据检测器可包括：配置成检测加速踏板的位置值的加速踏板位置检测器；配置成检测制动踏板的位置值的制动踏板位置检测器；配置成检测混合动力电动车辆的速度的车辆速度检测器；以及配置成检测当前档位的档位检测器，其中控制器可通过对混合动力电动车辆的速度进行微分计算出混合动力电动车辆的减速度。
根据本公开的一个形式，当停止前换档条件有望得到满足时对应于目标档位的速度齿轮连接到对应于目标档位的输出轴，从而提高换档响应度和燃料效率。
从这里提供的描述中，进一步的应用领域将变得显而易见。应当理解，描述和具体例子仅仅旨在用于说明的目的并非旨在限制本公开的范围。
附图说明
为了可以很好地理解本公开，现在将参考附图描述其各种以举例的方式给出的形式，其中：
图1是混合动力电动车辆的简图；
图2是双离合变速器的齿轮系的框图；以及
图3是用于控制混合动力电动车辆的方法的流程图。
<附图标记说明>
a.10：发动机
20：驱动电动机
b.30：发动机离合器
40：双离合变速器
c.50：电池
60：HSG
d.70：差动齿轮装置
80：车轮
e.90：数据检测器
100：控制器
这里描述的附图仅用于说明的目的，并非旨在以任何方式限制本公开的范围。
具体实施方式
以下描述在本质上仅是示例性的，并非旨在限制本公开、应用或用途。应当理解，在整个附图中，对应的附图标记指示相同或相应的部件和特征。
此外，为了更好理解和便于描述任意地示出附图中所示的各配置，但本公开不限于此。
图1是根据本公开的一个形式的混合动力电动车辆的简图，并且图2是根据本公开的双离合变速器的齿轮系的框图。
如图1所示，混合动力电动车辆包括发动机10、驱动电动机20、选择性地连接发动机10到驱动电动机20的发动机离合器30、双离合变速器(DCT)40、电池50、混合起动发电机(HSG：hybrid starter&generator)60、差动齿轮装置70、车轮80、数据检测器90以及控制器100。
发动机10燃烧燃料以生成扭矩，并且各种发动机例如汽油发动机、柴油发动机以及液化石油气喷射(LPI：liquiedfied petroleum injection)发动机可用作发动机10。
驱动电动机20使用电池50的电力生成扭矩。此外，当驱动混合动力电动车辆制动或滑行(惯性)行驶时，驱动电动机20通过回收制动能量或惯性能量生成电力。
关于混合动力电动车辆的扭矩传输，由发动机10和/或驱动电动机20产生的扭矩传输到DCT 40的输入轴，并且从DCT 40的输出轴输出的扭矩经由差动齿轮装置70传输到车轴。车轴旋转车轮80使得混合动力电动车辆通过由发动机10和/或驱动电动机20产生的扭矩运行。
混合动力电动车辆提供在仅使用驱动电动机20的扭矩的电动车辆(EV)模式下、在发动机10的扭矩用作主扭矩并且驱动电动机20的扭矩用作辅助扭矩的混合动力电动车辆(HEV)模式下以及在再生制动模式下的驱动，所述再生制动模式中由惯性在车辆的制动期间或在车辆的减速期间通过驱动电动机20的发电回收制动和惯性能量从而充入电池50中。
电池50在EV模式和HEV模式下供应电力到驱动电动机20，并且在再生制动模式下充入通过驱动电动机20回收的电力。
HSG 60根据发动机10的输出启动发动机10或产生电力。HSG可指起动发电一体机(ISG：integrated starter&generator)。
发动机离合器30设置在发动机10和驱动电动机20之间。发动机离合器30的输入轴连接到发动机10，并且发动机离合器30的输出轴连接到驱动电动机20。
DCT 40连接到驱动电动机，并且接收由发动机10和/或驱动电动机20产生的扭矩。DCT 40包括两个换档离合器42a和42b和齿轮系44。如图2所示，齿轮系44包括第一输入轴441a、第二输入轴441b、输入齿轮442a和442b、第一输出轴443a、第二输出轴443b、速度齿轮444a和444b、同步器445a和445b、第一输出齿轮446a以及第二输出齿轮446b。
第一换档离合器42a选择性地传输发动机10和/或驱动电动机20的扭矩到第一输入轴441a，并且第二换档离合器42b选择性地传输发动机10和/或驱动电动机20的扭矩到第二输入轴441b。输入齿轮442a固定地设置在第一输入轴441a上以实现奇数档位。输入齿轮442b固定地设置在第二输入轴441b上以实现偶数档位。速度齿轮444a可旋转地设置在第一输出轴443a上，并且速度齿轮444b可旋转地设置在第二输出轴443b上。同步器445a选择性地连接速度齿轮444a到第一输出轴443a，并且同步器445b选择性地连接速度齿轮444b到第二输出轴443b。第一输出齿轮446a固定地设置在第一输出轴443a上并且传输第一输出轴443a的扭矩到差动齿轮装置70。第二输出齿轮446b固定地设置在第二输出轴443b上并且传输第二输出轴443b的扭矩到差动齿轮装置70。由于DCT40的配置在本领域中是公知的，将在本说明书中省略其详细描述。本公开适用于任何双离合变速器。
数据检测器90检测用于控制混合动力电动车辆的数据，并且由数据检测器检测的数据传输到控制器100。
数据检测器90可包括加速踏板位置检测器91、制动踏板位置检测器92、车辆速度检测器93以及档位检测器94。数据检测器90还可包括用于控制混合动力电动车辆的检测器(例如，发动机速度检测器和电动机速度检测器)。
加速踏板位置检测器91检测加速踏板的位置值(即，加速踏板的按压程度)，并且传输与其对应的信号到控制器100。当充分按压加速踏板时，加速踏板的位置值是100％，并且当不按压加速踏板时，加速踏板的位置值是0％。
制动踏板位置检测器92检测是否按压制动踏板并且传输与其对应的信号到控制器100。当充分按压制动踏板时，制动踏板的位置值是100％，并且当不按压制动踏板时，制动踏板的位置值是0％。
车辆速度检测器94检测混合动力电动车辆的速度并且传输与其对应的信号到控制器100。
档位检测器95检测当前啮合的档位并且传输与其对应的信号到控制器100。例如，在七档位变速器中，可啮合的档位可以是第一、第二、第三、第四、第五、第六和第七档位、以及倒退档位。
控制器100基于混合动力电动车辆的驱动条件控制EV模式和HEV模式之间的切换。此外，控制器100基于由数据检测器90检测的数据控制发动机10、驱动电动机20、DCT40以及HSG60。另外，控制器100确定目标档位并且控制换档到目标档位。控制器100可使用由预定程序执行的一个或多个处理器来实现。预定程序可包括一系列命令，其用于执行包括在用于控制根据下面将描述的本公开的示例性形式的混合动力电动车辆的方法中的每个步骤。
在下文中，将参考图3详细描述用于控制根据本公开的一种形式的混合动力电动车辆的方法。
图3是用于控制混合动力电动车辆的方法的流程图。
如图3所示，在步骤S100中，用于控制混合动力电动车辆的方法开始于确定是否满足滑行条件并且当前档位是否大于或等于预定档位。
控制器100可基于加速踏板的位置值、制动踏板的位置值以及混合动力电动车辆的速度确定是否满足滑行条件。例如，当在混合动力电动车辆正在移动的状态下加速踏板的位置值和制动踏板的位置值是0％时可满足滑行条件。
预定档位可以是第二档位。在下文中，第六档位将被例示为当前档位，并且第二换档离合器42b、第二输入轴441b、第二输出轴443b以及速度齿轮444b将被例示为对应于当前档位的换档离合器、输入轴、输出轴以及速度齿轮。在这种情况下，对应于当前档位的第二换档离合器42b处于锁定状态(充分啮合第二换档离合器42b的状态)。
当在步骤S100中未满足滑行条件或当前档位小于预定档位时，控制器100结束用于控制混合动力电动车辆的方法。
当在步骤S100中满足滑行条件并且当前档位大于或等于预定档位时，在步骤S110中控制器100不将对应于目标档位的速度齿轮444a(例如，第五档位，其小于作为当前档位的第六档位)连接到对应于目标档位的第一输出轴443a。换句话说，阻止用于减档的预选择(预啮合)，从而降低DCT40的摩擦损耗并且提高混合动力电动车辆的燃料效率。
当在步骤S100中满足滑行条件并且当前档位大于或等于预定档位时，在步骤S120中控制器100确定是否按压制动踏板。控制器100可基于由制动踏板位置传感器92检测的信号确定是否按压制动踏板。例如，当制动踏板的位置值大于0％时，控制器100确定按压制动踏板。
当在步骤S120中不按压制动踏板时，控制器100结束用于控制混合动力电动车辆的方法。
当在步骤S120中按压制动踏板时，在步骤S130中控制器100确定混合动力电动车辆的减速度是否小于预定减速度。预定减速度可设置为由本领域普通技术人员确定的值以确定从当前档位到目标档位的减档是否是预期的。控制器100可通过对混合动力电动车辆的速度进行微分计算出混合动力电动车辆的减速度。
当在步骤S130中混合动力电动车辆的减速度大于或等于预定减速度时，控制器100结束用于控制混合动力电动车辆的方法。
当在步骤S130中混合动力电动车辆的减速度小于预定减速度时，在步骤S140中控制器100连接对应于目标档位的速度齿轮444a到对应于目标档位的第一输出轴443a，并且待机以便锁定对应于目标档位的第一换档离合器42a。换句话说，当依照混合动力电动车辆的速度迅速降低预计从当前档位减档到目标档位时，可执行预选择。
在步骤S150中，控制器100确定是否满足停止前从当前档位到目标档位的换档条件。换句话说，控制器100依照混合动力电动车辆的速度降低确定是否需要减档。控制器100可基于加速踏板的位置值、混合动力电动车辆的速度以及当前档位通过使用换档模式图确定是否满足停止前的换档条件。例如，当加速踏板的位置值为0％并且混合动力电动车辆的速度小于或等于预定速度时可满足停止前的换档条件。
当在步骤S150中未满足停止前的换档条件时，控制器100结束用于控制混合动力电动车辆的方法。
当在步骤S150中满足停止前的换档条件时，在步骤S160中控制器100锁定对应于目标档位的第一换档离合器42a。当释放对应于当前档位的第二换档离合器42b并且锁定对应于目标档位的第一换档离合器42a时，实现减档到目标档位。
如上所述，当停止前的换档条件有望得到满足时，对应于目标档位的速度齿轮连接到对应于目标档位的输出轴，从而减少换档时间并且提高换档响应度。因此，由于驱动电动机20的驱动点(转矩和速度)未偏离驱动电动机20的再生效率高的区域，可提高混合动力电动车辆的燃料效率。
虽然本发明已结合目前被认为是实用的示例性形式进行描述，但是应当理解，本公开不限于所公开的形式，而是，相反，旨在覆盖包括在本公开的精神和范围内的各种修改和等效布置。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于控制包括双离合变速器的混合动力电动车辆的方法，包括以下步骤：
确定是否满足滑行条件并且当前档位是否大于或等于预定档位；
当满足所述滑行条件并且所述当前档位大于或等于所述预定档位时，确定是否按压制动踏板；
当按压所述制动踏板时，确定所述混合动力电动车辆的减速度是否小于预定减速度；
当所述混合动力电动车辆的减速度小于所述预定减速度时，将对应于目标档位的速度齿轮连接到对应于所述目标档位的输出轴；
确定是否满足停止前从所述当前档位到所述目标档位的换档条件；并且
当满足停止前的所述换档条件时，锁定对应于所述目标档位的换档离合器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中基于加速踏板的位置值、所述制动踏板的位置值以及所述混合动力电动车辆的速度，确定是否满足所述滑行条件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：在满足所述滑行条件、所述当前档位大于或等于所述预定档位并且不按压所述制动踏板的状态下，不将对应于所述目标档位的速度齿轮连接到对应于所述目标档位的输出轴。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中基于加速踏板的位置值、所述混合动力电动车辆的速度以及所述当前档位确定是否满足停止前的所述换档条件。
5.一种用于控制混合动力电动车辆的装置，包括：
驱动电动机，其配置成当所述混合动力电动车辆通过制动或滑行行驶时，使用电池的电力生成扭矩并且通过回收制动能量或惯性能量生成电力；
双离合变速器，其配置成连接到所述驱动电动机并且包括两个换档离合器和齿轮系；
数据检测器，其配置成检测用于控制所述混合动力电动车辆的数据；以及
控制器，其配置成基于所述数据控制所述双离合变速器，
其中所述控制器确定是否满足滑行条件并且当前档位是否大于或等于预定档位，
当满足所述滑行条件并且所述当前档位大于或等于所述预定档位时确定是否按压制动踏板，
当按压所述制动踏板时确定所述混合动力电动车辆的减速度是否小于预定减速度，
当所述混合动力电动车辆的减速度小于所述预定减速度时，将对应于目标档位的速度齿轮连接到对应于所述目标档位的输出轴，
确定是否满足停止前从所述当前档位到所述目标档位的换档条件，并且
当满足停止前的所述换档条件时锁定对应于所述目标档位的换档离合器。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置，其中所述控制器基于加速踏板的位置值、所述制动踏板的位置值以及所述混合动力电动车辆的速度确定是否满足所述滑行条件。
7.根据权利要求5所述的装置，其中所述控制器在满足所述滑行条件、所述当前档位大于或等于所述预定档位并且不按压所述制动踏板的状态下不将对应于所述目标档位的所述速度齿轮连接到对应于所述目标档位的输出轴。
8.根据权利要求5所述的装置，其中所述控制器基于加速踏板的位置值、所述混合动力电动车辆的速度以及所述当前档位确定是否满足停止前的所述换档条件。
9.根据权利要求5所述的装置，其中所述数据检测器包括：
加速踏板位置检测器，其配置成检测加速踏板的位置值；
制动踏板位置检测器，其配置成检测制动踏板的位置值；
车辆速度检测器，其配置成检测所述混合动力电动车辆的速度；以及
档位检测器，其配置成检测所述当前档位，
其中所述控制器通过对所述混合动力电动车辆的速度进行微分，计算出所述混合动力电动车辆的减速度。
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