CN106881311B - A kind of underwater metal surface dirt laser cleaning water proof equipment and its application - Google Patents
A kind of underwater metal surface dirt laser cleaning water proof equipment and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN106881311B CN106881311B CN201710197878.2A CN201710197878A CN106881311B CN 106881311 B CN106881311 B CN 106881311B CN 201710197878 A CN201710197878 A CN 201710197878A CN 106881311 B CN106881311 B CN 106881311B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/0035—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like
- B08B7/0042—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like by laser
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- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of underwater metal surface dirt laser cleaning water proof equipment and its applications.The water proof equipment includes: the laser to work under terrestrial environment, is connect with optical fiber with underwater operation equipment；Optical fiber is cladded with waterproof cover, underwater operation equipment includes cleaning parameters adjustment module and the laser head that is attached thereto, laser head front end is encased by one layer of low-laser loss material, form closed cavity, closed cavity is cladded with waterproof cover, waterproof cover is cladded with hard shell, and hard shell is equipped with traveling wheel, convenient underwater mobile.Cleaning water proof equipment of the invention can in an underwater environment, and the pulse laser scanning and irradiation that laser is generated is detached from dirt from metal surface, cleannes are up to 90% or more, and it is glossy that metal is presented, and does not damage to matrix in position to be cleaned.Present device waterproof performance is excellent, easy to operate, can be applied to the cleaning operation of extensive, high quality, accurate controllable underwater metal surface dirt.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of underwater laser cleaning dispensing equipment and its application, belong to laser application technique field and underwater
Repair cleaning technology field in metal surface.
Background technique
Increasingly prominent with China's maritime interest importance, the development such as aircraft-carrier battle group, nuclear submarine, deep-sea space station is fast
Speed, becomes the main carriers that the following "Oceanic" strategy is implemented, and special deep-sea Service Environment mentions emergency first-aid repair under high-performance water
Great demand is gone out；In addition equipment Service Environment is more severe, under-water body and components (rudder blade, propeller, sonar dome
Deng) face deepwater high-pressure, the harm that sea organism attachment and ocean particulate matter are hit, easily there is corrosion cracking, surface abrasion, biology
Situations such as corroding with corrosion-inhibiting coating failure, therefore, on-line maintenance is repaired as naval equipment under the high quality water of key components and parts
One of the important means of, and paid attention to by various countries, it quickly grows.And underwater emergency repairing and on-line maintenance must solve to repair first
The high quality of complex surface cleans problem, the success or failure of cleaning quality direct relation emergency first-aid repair and the quality of on-line maintenance.
It is bad using manual polishing and the underwater cleaning mode inefficiency of mechanical lapping, cleaning effect at present, it uses
Tool kind is various, and the technical ability and physical efficiency to diver require very high, it is difficult to meet practical application request, there is an urgent need to develop more
High-quality, efficient underwater cleaning technique.Laser cleaning technique is green, efficient, high-quality, simple process, at low cost, available
In complicated component surface cleaning technique.Chinese patent CN103100537B discloses a kind of underwater laser cleaning method
And cleaning head, it is to introduce laser under water through optical fiber, and concentrated lens are generating cavitation bubble apart from cleaning material surface,
Cleaning to material surface is realized using the shock wave that cavitation bubble generates, but cleaning efficiency and ineffective, to certain adhesive force
Strong crud layer, such as corrosion layer, surface cleanness after cleaning should 60%, and it is muddy to will lead to cleaning surface water body, influences
Continuity washing and cleaning operation.The underwater automatic cleaning protective cover that Chinese patent CN102580952A is provided includes waterproof shell, protection
Cover slide, supersonic generator, energy converter, protective cover slide, supersonic generator, energy converter, are installed in waterproof cover
In body, laser cleaning, water-jet technology are combined with ultrasonic technology, but the protection cover structure is excessively complicated, it is difficult to full
The convenient cleaning of sufficient underwater complex environment.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of underwater metal surface dirt laser cleaning water proof equipment and
It is applied.Using efficient, high-quality, green, waterproof performance is excellent for this, and simple process, it is at low cost, can continuously extensive operation
Etc. distinguishing features, suitable for underwater metal surface cleaning clean.
In water environment, the waterproofness of underwater environment application is carried out to laser cleaning system used in existing natural environment
It can improve, that is, develop the integrated water-proof flexibility cover to optical fiber and laser head, meet the requirement of laser underwater cleaning；It will consolidate
The pulse laser that body laser generates is focused through cavity in the metal surface of attachment dirt, is treated using underwater laser cleaning technique
It cleans metal surface and carries out continuous scanning, can be obtained clean metal surface.
Method of the invention is embodied in: in order to make the underwater portion of laser cleaning have excellent waterproof performance, meeting water
The technical requirements of lower application develop the integrated water-proof flexibility cover to optical fiber and laser head；It is clear for enhancing underwater environment laser
The reliability washed develops the hard shell to laser head, closed cavity and its waterproof cover.
Specifically, underwater metal surface dirt laser cleaning water proof equipment of the invention include work under terrestrial environment swash
Light device is connected by optical fiber with underwater operation equipment；Optical fiber is cladded with waterproof cover；The underwater operation equipment includes connection
There is the parameter adjustment module of laser head, laser head front end is encased by low-laser loss material, formation closed cavity, outside closed cavity
Waterproof cover is covered, waterproof cover is cladded with hard shell.
Laser-light transparent " laser head-closed cavity " hard shell, and realize the scanning and irradiation for treating cleaning parts, due to
The material for forming cavity structure, hard shell and waterproof cover is laser wavelength transparent material, lossless to laser energy.Laser
The laser beam that hair goes out penetrates closed cavity and low-laser loss material irradiation to surface to be cleaned.
Preferably, the hard shell is equipped with traveling wheel, and underwater equipment is facilitated to move under water.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the hard shell two sides are symmetrically installed with traveling wheel, are convenient for underwater operation process
In laser facula Scan orientation, traveling wheel can synchronize it is in the same direction 360 ° rotation.
Preferably, closed cavity realizes the fixed-focus of laser beam flying cleaning, and has protective effect to laser head.
Preferably, soft waterproof material can be the lightweight transparents folding laminate materials such as transparent flexible PVC, and hard shell material can
For hard transparent materials such as organic glasses (acrylic), encasing laser head and forming the material of closed cavity can be laser host glass
Equal laser wavelengths low-loss material, road wheel be can 360 ° of Plane Rotations miniature wheeled devices.
The present invention provides the application of above-mentioned underwater metal surface dirt laser cleaning water proof equipment, i.e., how to carry out underwater
The cleaning method of metal surface dirt is specifically cleaned using the equipment using fixed-focus, and laser projects point from laser head and extremely walks
The distance (R) of wheel contact crud layer is 10-20cm.
In the above method, the pulse laser wavelength can be in 193nm (ultraviolet light) -10600nm (far infrared) range
Any laser species.In view of 1064nm neodymium-yttrium-aluminium-garnet near infrared laser (abbreviation Nd:YAG/Nd:YLF) has energy
Transfer efficiency is very high, long service life, with the ability directly modulated, and it is small in size, light-weight, cheap, generation
The advantages that laser rays width, good beam quality, long coherence length, it is preferable that the present invention is swept using 1064nm ps pulsed laser and ns pulsed laser
Deep-sea metal surface to be repaired under water is retouched, clean metal surface is obtained.
The laser pulse width of the pulse laser is that (typical case adjusts the pulsewidth of Q Nd:YAG/Nd:YLF generally to exist to 10~200ns
10ns-200ns depends on repetition rate and adjusts Q parameter).
The repetition rate of the pulse laser is that (ps pulsed laser and ns pulsed laser is substantially adjusts Q to 5~10kHz, and feature is to repeat frequency
Rate is low, usually 0.5kHz~20kHz, and for the operation for simplifying underwater laser cleaning process, fixed repetition rate is 5~10kHz
Shelves).
The laser output power be 500~1000W (due to underwater environment to laser beam energy there are obvious loss,
To promote cleaning efficiency, therefore the laser power used is convenient higher than 500W；Laser production difficulty more than 1000W is big, at
This height, energy are not easy to control).
Scanning speed 0.5cm/s~10cm/s of pulse laser (can be according to cleaning dirt, metal species, pulsewidth, scanning speed
The multiple parameters such as degree, power it is different and different), laser beam with walking crop rotation linear scanning.
Laser cleaning water proof equipment of the invention is suitable for various metals, preferably titanium alloy, aluminium alloy, ferrous alloy, copper
Alloy or magnesium alloy.
The primary problem that the present invention solves is that the underwater practical operation waterproof of laser cleaning is improved, using " optical fiber-parameter regulation mould
Block-laser head-closed cavity " integrated water-proof flexibility cover, " laser head-closed cavity " hard shell, closed cavity three
Partial composite construction, " laser head-closed cavity " hard shell two sides of the bottom are symmetrically installed with traveling wheel, are convenient for underwater operation
The focusing of laser facula in the process and Scan orientation are realized and the submerged applications of existing laser cleaning equipment are transformed.
Technological core of the invention is the optimization of underwater pulse laser scanning process parameter, and emphasis is laser power, scanning
The optimization of the parameters such as speed, repetition rate, pulsewidth cooperates with, and is the key problem in technology for obtaining cleaning metal surface.To improve cleaning
Efficiency, clean-up performance, and metallic matrix is not injured, the cleaning parameters for selecting to optimize are needed, ability is high-quality, efficiently realizes
The removing of underwater metal surface dirt.For different metallic matrixes, different dirt and its thickness, the present invention is cured underwater
Pulse laser scanning process: optical maser wavelength 1064nm, the repetition rate of pulse laser are 5-10kHz, laser pulse width is 50~
100ns, output power be 500~1000W, laser scanning speed 0.5cm/s~10cm/s, laser beam with walking crop rotation straight line sweep
It retouches.
The present invention has following remarkable result:
(1) underwater laser cleaning is low to diver's technical requirements, simple to operation, when saving diver's physical efficiency and cleaning
Between, it is few that primary diving carries tool；And is there is corrosion cracking, surface mill in the pulse laser by generating laser
The metal surface scanning and irradiation that erosion, bioerosion and corrosion-inhibiting coating failure etc. need repairing, does not generate metallic matrix secondary
Damage, the portion faces to be repaired pretreatment suitable for naval vessel damage.
(2) chemical reagent is not used during pulse laser underwater cleaning, does not generate waste water and waste liquid, belongs to green cleaning,
It is suitble to the extra large on-line maintenance of frequency and underwater emergency repairing.
(3) the metal surface cleannes that Fouling surfaces obtain under the method for the present invention ejected wash water are 90% or more, clean rate
Reach as high as 10m2/ h does not damage the matrix of cleaning material.
In short, metal surface dirt underwater laser cleaning proposed by the present invention and its water proof equipment, can thoroughly overcome laser
The underwater cleaning waterproof problem of device, the cleaning of " silence " state is easy to operate, can effectively solve traditional underwater cleaning technology and be difficult to obtain
High quality clean surface and the bottleneck problem for influencing underwater maintenance level.The present invention is underwater high quality, high efficiency, precisely may be used
The metal surface dirt of control cleans, and provides new water proof equipment and method to obtain cleaning metal surface.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is underwater metal surface dirt laser cleaning water proof equipment structure chart hard, and 1 is waterproof cover, and 2 be hard shell
Body, 3 be closed cavity, and 4 be traveling wheel, and 5 be the laser under terrestrial environment, and 6 be parameter adjustment module, and 7 be optical fiber, and 8 be sharp
Shaven head, 9 be metal material matrix to be cleaned.
Fig. 2 is traveling wheel and hard shell position side view, and 1 is waterproof cover, and 2 be hard shell, and 3 be closed cavity, and 4 be row
Walk wheel.
Fig. 3 is traveling wheel and hard shell position top view, and 1 is waterproof cover, and 2 be hard shell, and 3 be closed cavity, and 4 be row
Walk wheel.
Fig. 4 A, Fig. 4 B are respectively the SEM and element energy spectrum diagram of the underwater laser cleaning iron matrix surface corrosion of embodiment 1.
Fig. 5 A, Fig. 5 B are respectively the SEM and element energy spectrum diagram of the underwater cleaning laser iron matrix paint layer from surface of embodiment 2.
Fig. 6 A, Fig. 6 B are respectively the SEM and element power spectrum of the underwater laser cleaning oxidation film on titanium alloy surface of embodiment 3
Figure.
Specific embodiment
The pollution that pulse laser removes metal surface under water will be further illustrated in example of the invention, to obtain cleaning metal
The specific embodiment of the method on surface, but the invention is not limited in subordinate's embodiment.
Unless otherwise specified, chemical reagent used in embodiment is conventional commercial reagent, skill used in embodiment
The conventional means that art means are well known to those skilled in the art.
The construction of the underwater metal surface dirt laser cleaning water proof equipment of embodiment 1
Underwater metal surface dirt laser cleaning water proof equipment includes the laser to work under terrestrial environment, passes through optical fiber
It is connected with underwater operation equipment；Optical fiber is cladded with waterproof cover；The underwater operation equipment includes being connected with the parameter of laser head
Adjustment module, laser head front end are encased by low-laser loss material, form closed cavity, and closed cavity is cladded with waterproof cover, waterproof
Cover overcoating hard shell.
Laser-light transparent " laser head-closed cavity " hard shell, and realize the scanning and irradiation for treating cleaning parts, due to
The material for forming cavity structure, hard shell and waterproof cover is laser wavelength transparent material, lossless to laser energy.Laser
The laser beam that hair goes out penetrates closed cavity and low-laser loss material irradiation to surface to be cleaned.
Hard shell two sides are symmetrically installed with traveling wheel, and underwater equipment is facilitated to move under water.Convenient for underwater operation process
In laser facula Scan orientation, traveling wheel can synchronize it is in the same direction 360 ° rotation.Closed cavity realizes determining for laser beam flying cleaning
Coke, and have protective effect to laser head.
Waterproof cover is soft waterproof material, can be the lightweight transparents folding laminate materials such as transparent flexible PVC, hard shell material
It can be hard transparent materials such as organic glass (acrylics), encasing laser head and forming the material of closed cavity can be laser host glass
The laser wavelengths low-loss material such as glass, road wheel be can 360 ° of Plane Rotations miniature wheeled devices.
Following embodiment selects the underwater metal surface dirt laser cleaning water proof equipment of embodiment 1 to be operated.
2 pulse laser underwater cleaning iron matrix surface corrosion of embodiment
Step 1: strobe pulse laser parameter: output power is 1064nm neodymium-yttrium-aluminium-garnet near-infrared laser of 500W
Device, pulsewidth 70ns, repetition rate 6kHz.
Step 2: strobe pulse Laser Scanning Parameters: scanning speed 5cm/s.
Step 3: the corrosion of pulse laser clean the surface: environment under water, to iron matrix surface corrosion laser cleaning, laser is certainly
The distance (R) that laser head projects point to traveling wheel contact crud layer is 10cm, is made a round trip, can be obtained with traveling wheel linear scanning
Obtain clean surface.
Fig. 4 A is the iron matrix surface SEM figure of the present embodiment cleaning, and the iron matrix surface of laser cleaning is smooth, and does not clean
Region is compared, and the micro- molten bath point in cleaning area is obvious；Fig. 4 B is the element energy spectrum diagram on the iron matrix surface of the present embodiment cleaning, cleans table
Face is Mn/Fe/C alloy, illustrates that above-described embodiment cleaning iron alloy surface is very clean, cleannes 90%.Clean rate can
Up to 12m2/h。
Surface composition after table 1 cleans is analyzed
3 pulse laser underwater cleaning iron matrix surface damage paint layer of embodiment
Step 1: strobe pulse laser parameter: output power is 1064nm neodymium-yttrium-aluminium-garnet near-infrared laser of 500W
Device, pulsewidth 65ns, repetition rate 8kHz.
Step 2: strobe pulse Laser Scanning Parameters: scanning speed 4cm/s.
Step 3: pulse laser clean the surface damages paint layer: environment under water, clear to iron matrix surface damage paint layer laser
Wash, laser from the distance R that laser head projects point to traveling wheel contact crud layer be 20cm with traveling wheel linear scanning back and forth twice,
It can get clean surface.
Fig. 5 A is the iron matrix surface SEM figure of above-described embodiment cleaning, and the iron matrix surface of laser cleaning is smooth, presents bright
Metallic luster, micro- molten bath point close-packed arrays；Fig. 5 B is the element energy spectrum diagram on the iron matrix surface of above-described embodiment cleaning, cleans table
Face is Mn/Fe/C alloy, and cleaning iron alloy surface is very clean, cleannes 100%.Clean rate is up to 8m2/h。
Surface composition after table 2 cleans is analyzed
4 pulse laser underwater cleaning oxidation film on titanium alloy surface of embodiment
Step 1: strobe pulse laser parameter: output power is 1064nm neodymium-yttrium-aluminium-garnet near-infrared laser of 500W
Device, pulsewidth 85ns, repetition rate 10kHz.
Step 2: strobe pulse Laser Scanning Parameters: scanning speed 6cm/s.
Step 3: pulse laser cleans oxidation film on titanium alloy surface: environment under water, to oxidation film on titanium alloy surface laser
Cleaning, it is 15cm that laser projects point to traveling wheel to contact the distance R of crud layer from laser head, with traveling wheel linear scanning reciprocal 1
It is secondary, it can get clean surface.
Fig. 6 A is the titanium alloy surface SEM figure of above-described embodiment cleaning, and the titanium alloy surface of laser cleaning is smooth, presents bright
Metallic luster, surface have no obvious impact molten bath point；Fig. 6 B is the titanium alloy surface element energy spectrum diagram of above-described embodiment cleaning, clearly
Clean surface is titanium alloy substrate, and non-oxidation situation, clean surface is very clean, cleannes 100%.Clean rate is reachable
15m2/h。
Surface composition after table 3 cleans is analyzed
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of underwater metal surface dirt laser cleaning water proof equipment, which is characterized in that use " optical fiber-parameter adjustment module-
Three laser head-closed cavity " integrated water-proof flexibility cover, " laser head-closed cavity " hard shell, closed cavity parts
Composite construction；
The underwater metal surface dirt laser cleaning water proof equipment includes the laser to work under terrestrial environment, passes through optical fiber
It is connected with underwater operation equipment；Optical fiber is cladded with waterproof cover；The underwater operation equipment includes being connected with the parameter of laser head
Adjustment module, laser head front end are encased by one layer of low-laser loss material, form closed cavity, and closed cavity is cladded with waterproof cover,
Waterproof cover is cladded with hard shell；The pulse laser that solid state laser generates is focused through cavity in the metal surface of attachment dirt, is adopted
Continuous scanning is carried out to metal surface to be cleaned with underwater laser cleaning technique, can be obtained clean metal surface；
Wherein, " optical fiber-parameter adjustment module-laser head-closed cavity " integrated water-proof flexibility cover ensures to make laser cleaning
Underwater portion have excellent waterproof performance, meet submerged applications；Laser penetration " laser head-closed cavity " hard shell,
And realize and treat the scanning and irradiations of cleaning parts, the material of composition cavity structure, hard shell and waterproof cover to laser energy without
Loss, the laser beam that laser head issues penetrate closed cavity and low-laser loss material irradiation to surface to be cleaned；Hard shell
Enhance the reliability of underwater environment laser cleaning；
Wherein, the material of cavity structure, waterproof cover and hard shell is laser wavelength transparent material；The hard shell installation
There is the traveling wheel that can synchronize 360 ° of rotations in the same direction, facilitates underwater equipment to move under water, convenient for the laser during underwater operation
The focusing of hot spot and Scan orientation；
The underwater metal surface dirt laser cleaning water proof equipment is cleaned using fixed-focus, and laser projects point to walking from laser head
The distance of wheel contact crud layer is 10-20cm；The optical maser wavelength is described between 193nm ultraviolet light -10600nm far infrared
The laser pulse width of pulse laser is 10~200ns, and the repetition rate of the pulse laser is 5~10kHz, the laser output work
Rate is 500~1000W, and scanning speed 0.5cm/s~10cm/s of pulse laser, laser beam is with walking crop rotation linear scanning.
2. using underwater metal surface dirt laser cleaning water proof equipment described in claim 1 to underwater metal surface dirt into
The method of row laser cleaning, which is characterized in that cleaned using fixed-focus, laser projects point to traveling wheel from laser head and contacts crud layer
Distance be 10-20cm.
3. method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the optical maser wavelength 1064nm.
4. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the laser pulse width of the pulse laser is 65-70ns.
5. method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the repetition rate of the pulse laser is 6-10kHz.
6. method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the laser output power is 500W.
7. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the scanning speed 4cm/s or 5cm/s of pulse laser, or
6cm/s, laser beam is with walking crop rotation linear scanning.
8. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the metal is titanium alloy, aluminium alloy, ferrous alloy, copper
Alloy or magnesium alloy.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107931258A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-04-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | A kind of optical-fiber laser cleaning system Handheld laser output device |
| CN109226103A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-01-18 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of laser cleaning device and method suitable for underwater environment |
| CN109772820A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-05-21 | 天津欧泰激光科技有限公司 | A kind of welding wire surface dirt laser cleaning method |
| CN109967458B (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2022-03-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Laser cleaning, decontaminating and antifouling method for fouling of marine microorganisms |
| CN112657954B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2022-08-23 | 江苏大学 | Device and method for underwater laser cleaning for ocean engineering equipment |
| CN114515730A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-05-20 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method for carrying out underwater laser detonation cleaning based on tapered optical fiber |
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