CN106702411B - Method for cleaning carbon deposit on metal surface by using pulse laser - Google Patents
Method for cleaning carbon deposit on metal surface by using pulse laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN106702411B CN106702411B CN201611168252.0A CN201611168252A CN106702411B CN 106702411 B CN106702411 B CN 106702411B CN 201611168252 A CN201611168252 A CN 201611168252A CN 106702411 B CN106702411 B CN 106702411B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cleaning carbon deposit on the surface of metal by using pulse laser. The method comprises spraying onto the surface of the deposited carbonSpraying a water-alcohol mixed liquid film with the thickness of 10-20 mu m, focusing pulse laser generated by a laser on the metal surface of the deposited carbon, and selecting pulse laser parameters to ensure that the cleaning threshold range of the pulse laser is 6.0 multiplied by 105～8.1×107W/cm2And the scanning path is S-shaped, the scanning speed is 5.0-30 cm/S, the scanning width is 5-15 cm, and the scanning overlap ratio is 1% -5%, so that the carbon deposit on the surface of the metal material is cleaned. The cleaning speed of the method reaches 40cm2/s～120cm2And/s, the cleanliness is over 95 percent, the surface quality reaches Sa3 level, the laser cleaned surface is not damaged, and the mechanical property of the cleaned material is not influenced. The method has the remarkable characteristics of high efficiency, high quality, environmental protection, simple process, low cost, continuous large-scale operation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for cleaning carbon deposit on the surface of metal by using pulse laser, belonging to the technical field of laser application and the technical field of metal surface pretreatment.
background
Carbon deposits on the surfaces of some key important parts are formed in a severe service environment with high temperature, high pressure and high oil smoke, the carbon deposits are compact, have high bonding strength with the surfaces of the parts, are often attached to parts which are difficult to clean on the surfaces of the parts, and are more difficult to remove compared with common oil stains, corrosion and paint layers. If the carbon deposition cannot be removed in time, the oil consumption of key important parts such as an engine is increased, the service life is shortened, and the use safety of the key important parts is even seriously influenced.
At present, the surfaces of key carbon deposition parts are difficult to clean by traditional single cleaning methods such as an ultrasonic cleaning method, a chemical solvent method, a water jet cleaning method and the like, but the surfaces of the key carbon deposition parts are cleaned by a mixed cleaning method such as the chemical solvent ultrasonic cleaning method and the water jet abrasive cleaning method and the like, but the two mixed cleaning methods also have the following defects:
Firstly, the chemical solvent ultrasonic cleaning method often introduces toxic chemical substances in the cleaning process, is easy to cause secondary pollution to the environment,
Secondly, the water jet abrasive cleaning method easily causes surface damage of key important parts in the cleaning process and simultaneously causes a great deal of waste of water resources.
Thirdly, the two mixed cleaning methods have the defects of relatively complex process, low cleaning efficiency, poor cleaning quality and the like when the carbon on the surface is cleaned.
The laser cleaning technology has the advantages of being green, high in quality, simple in process, low in operation cost, capable of cleaning surfaces of parts with complex structures and the like, and is expected to solve the problem of green cleaning of surface pollutants. For example, a short pulse laser cleaning method (200810134880.6) for metal surface adopts laser cleaning technology, and performs laser cleaning on the surface pollutants before welding titanium alloy and aluminum alloy in vacuum environment or argon and other protective atmospheres; a laser cleaning system and a laser cleaning method for dirt on a metal surface (CN 103817113A) give examples of the method for cleaning rust, oil stain and a paint layer by laser. None of the above patents address the problem of the current conventional cleaning techniques that are difficult to effectively clean the carbon deposits. At present, the problems of difficult control of surface burn, low cleaning efficiency and the like mainly exist in the practical application of the laser cleaning technology, and the invention mainly solves the problems of surface burn control of laser cleaning of surface carbon deposition, improvement of cleaning quality and efficiency and the like.
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for cleaning carbon deposit on the surface of metal by using pulse laser.
The invention aims to provide a method for cleaning carbon deposit on the surface of metal by liquid film laser, and a laser cleaning threshold value and a cleaning process thereof related to the method. The method has the remarkable characteristics of high efficiency, high quality, environmental protection, simple process, low cost, continuous large-scale operation and the like.
Pulse laser generated by a solid laser is focused on the surface of the carbon deposition metal, a liquid film laser cleaning method is adopted, and the surface of the carbon deposition metal is continuously scanned within a laser cleaning threshold range at a certain scanning path and scanning speed, so that a clean metal surface can be obtained. Specifically, the method of the invention is embodied in that:
in order to obtain excellent effects by utilizing the technology, the invention provides a method for scanning the carbon-deposited metal surface by pulse laser radiation to obtain a clean metal surface, which sequentially comprises the following steps: spraying an alcohol-water mixed film on the surface of the carbon deposition metal, then focusing pulse laser generated by a solid laser on the surface of the carbon deposition metal, selecting laser cleaning parameters within a cleaning threshold range, and continuously scanning the surface of the carbon deposition metal at a certain scanning path and scanning speed to obtain a clean metal surface.
Preferably, the liquid film in the liquid film laser cleaning method has a thickness of 10-20 μm, and comprises a mixture of water and alcohol, preferably, isopropanol or n-butanol is used as the alcohol, and the mass percent is 5-15%.
The laser cleaning threshold is expressed by the peak power density of the pulse laser, the peak power density is P/f.S. iota, wherein f is the repetition frequency, S is the spot area, P is the average laser power under the repetition frequency, iota is the pulse width, and the laser parameters are selected to meet the requirement that the laser cleaning threshold is 6.0 multiplied by 105～8.1×107W/cm2in the meantime.
The scanning path of the pulse laser is S-shaped.
The scanning speed is 5.0cm-30cm/s, the scanning width is 5-15 cm, and the scanning lap joint rate is 1% -5%.
The laser scanning adopts 1064nm pulse laser wavelength, the spot shape of the pulse laser is square or round, the square spot size is 3mm multiplied by 3 mm-6 mm multiplied by 6mm, and the round spot diameter is 2 mm-8 mm.
The metal is titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, iron-based alloy, copper alloy and magnesium alloy.
The metal surface cleanliness obtained by cleaning the carbon deposit according to the method of the invention is more than 95 percent, and the cleaning rate is 40cm2/s～120cm2And/s, the laser cleaned surface is not damaged, and the mechanical property of the cleaned material is not influenced.
The core of the invention is a pulse laser cleaning threshold range and a liquid film laser cleaning method. The pulse laser cleaning threshold range is a key technical parameter for controlling the burn on the cleaning surface. Below the laser cleaning threshold range, the carbon deposition on the metal surface can not be completely removed; above the laser cleaning threshold range, this can lead to carbon deposit removal and burn on the metal surface. The liquid film laser cleaning method can effectively improve the cleaning efficiency and quality of carbon deposition and prevent the laser cleaning surface from being damaged, and the key is the composition of the liquid film. The invention discloses a key process technology for cleaning carbon deposition by pulse laser, which comprises the following steps: the liquid-film component is a mixture of water and alcohol, wherein the alcohol is isopropanol or n-butanol, and the mass percentage is 5-15 Wt%. The cleaning threshold range of the pulse laser for cleaning the carbon deposit is 6.0 multiplied by 105～8.1×107 W/cm2In between, the scanning path is S-shaped, and the cleaning speed is 40cm2/s～120cm2/s。
The invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) The process for cleaning the carbon deposition by the pulse laser radiation is simple and practical, and the cleaning quality is high and can reach Sa3 level; the cleaning speed is high, and the cleaning speed is 40cm2/s～120cm2S; the surface is cleaned without microscopic damage, and the mechanical property of the material is not affected.
(2) The cleaning efficiency is improved by more than 1 time by using the mixture of water and alcohol as the liquid film composition compared with the dry type laser cleaning under the same condition.
(3) The pulse laser radiation carbon deposition cleaning process does not use chemical reagents, does not produce waste water and waste liquid, and belongs to green cleaning.
The method provides a new method for cleaning the deposited carbon with large scale, high quality, accuracy and controllability and for obtaining a clean metal surface.
drawings
Fig. 1A is an SEM image of the titanium alloy surface after laser cleaning of carbon deposition, and fig. 1B is an element energy spectrum of the titanium alloy surface after laser cleaning of carbon deposition.
FIG. 2A is an SEM image of the surface of the aluminum alloy after the carbon deposition is cleaned by laser, and FIG. 2B is an energy spectrum of surface elements of the aluminum alloy after the carbon deposition is cleaned by laser.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated in the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples, which illustrate specific embodiments of the method for cleaning metal surfaces by pulsed laser removal of carbon deposits from metal surfaces.
Unless otherwise specified, the chemical reagents used in the examples are all conventional commercially available reagents, and the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
example 1
Step 1: and (3) spraying a n-butyl alcohol water film on the surface of the carbon-deposited titanium alloy, wherein the mass percent of n-butyl alcohol is 3 Wt%, and the thickness of the liquid film is 15 +/-2 microns.
Step 2: selecting pulse laser parameters and calculating a laser cleaning threshold value: the pulse laser wavelength is 1064nm, the repetition frequency is 18kHz, the laser pulse width is 80ns, the output power is 500W, the size of a square light spot is 4mm multiplied by 4mm, and the laser cleaning threshold value is 2.17 multiplied by 107W/cm2。
And step 3: selecting pulse laser scanning parameters: the scanning path is S-shaped, the scanning speed is 10cm/S, the scanning width is 6cm, and the scanning lap joint rate is 2%.
And 4, step 4: cleaning carbon deposition by using pulsed laser: and focusing the pulse laser on the surface of the deposited carbon, and scanning the surface of the titanium alloy in an S-shaped reciprocating manner once to obtain a clean titanium alloy surface.
FIG. 1A is an SEM image of the titanium alloy surface cleaned according to the present embodiment, wherein the titanium alloy surface cleaned by laser is smooth and has no particle adsorption; FIG. 1B is an energy spectrum of elements on the titanium alloy surface cleaned in this example, where the titanium alloy surface after cleaning the carbon deposit only contains Ti and no C, which illustrates that the iron alloy surface after cleaning the carbon deposit in the above example is very clean, the cleanliness is 100%, and the cleaning speed is 60cm2And s. The cleaning surface quality reaches grade Sa3, and is improved by 1 grade compared with the surface quality of carbon deposit cleaned by water jet at present.
Example 2
step 1: and (3) spraying an isopropanol water film on the surface of the carbon-deposited aluminum alloy, wherein the mass percent of isopropanol is 5 Wt%, and the thickness of the liquid film is 15 +/-2 mu m.
Step 2: selecting pulse laser parameters and calculating a laser cleaning threshold value: the wavelength of the pulse laser is 1064nm, the repetition frequency is 8kHz, the laser pulse width is 150ns, the output power is 300W, the diameter of a circular facula is 3mm, and the laser cleaning threshold value is 3.53 multiplied by 106W/cm2。
And step 3: selecting pulse laser scanning parameters: the scanning speed is 10cm/s, the scanning width is 10cm, and the scanning lap joint rate is 4%.
And 4, step 4: cleaning carbon deposition by using pulsed laser: and focusing the pulse laser on the surface of the carbon-deposited aluminum alloy, and scanning the carbon-deposited aluminum alloy once in a reciprocating manner by an S-shaped path to obtain a clean aluminum alloy surface.
FIG. 2A is an SEM image of the aluminum alloy surface cleaned according to the above example, which shows that the cleaned aluminum alloy surface is very smooth and has no particle adsorption; FIG. 2B is an energy spectrum of elements on the surface of the aluminum alloy cleaned according to the above example, wherein the cleaned surface of the aluminum alloy contains Al, C and O elements, and the mass percentage of the C element on the surface of the aluminum alloy is 0.55 Wt%, as shown in Table 1, it is demonstrated that the cleanliness of the surface of the aluminum alloy cleaned from carbon deposition according to the above example is 99.45%, and the cleaning speed is 100cm2And/s, the surface quality grade reaches the grade Sa 3. Table 2 shows the change in mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy before and after laser cleaning of the carbon deposit, which indicates that the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy before and after laser cleaning have not changed significantly.
Example 3
No liquid film was sprayed on the surface of the aluminum alloy, and other laser cleaning parameters and cleaning steps were as in example 2.
After carbon deposition is cleaned, the surface cleanliness of the aluminum alloy is 96.3%, and the surface quality grade reaches Sa2.5 grade. In comparative example 2, if a liquid film is not sprayed on the surface of the aluminum alloy, the cleanliness and the surface quality grade of the laser-cleaned surface are reduced under the same laser cleaning parameters.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for cleaning carbon deposit on metal surface by using pulse laser is characterized in that: focusing pulse laser on the surface of the carbon deposition metal, and scanning the surface of the carbon deposition metal within a laser cleaning threshold range by adopting a liquid film laser cleaning method to obtain a clean metal surface;
The liquid film laser cleaning method comprises the steps of spraying a water-alcohol mixed liquid film with the thickness of 10-20 mu m on the surface of the carbon deposited metal, and focusing pulse laser on the surface of the carbon deposited metal;
Wherein the water-alcohol mixed liquid film is a mixture of water and alcohol; wherein the mass percentage of the alcohol in the water-alcohol mixed solution is 5-15 Wt%;
Wherein the cleaning threshold is represented by the peak power density of the pulsed laser, and is in the range of 6.0 × 105～8.1×107W/cm2To (c) to (d);
Wherein the metal is titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, copper alloy or magnesium alloy.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the alcohol is isopropanol or n-butanol.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the scanning path of the pulse laser is S-shaped, the scanning speed is 5.0-30 cm/S, the scanning width is 5-15 cm, and the scanning lap joint rate is 1-5%.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pulsed laser wavelength is 1064nm and the spot shape is square or circular.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the square spot size is 3mm x 3mm to 6mm x 6 mm.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the circular spot diameter is 2mm to 8 mm.
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| CN107377532A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-11-24 | 济南高能清扬激光清洗有限公司 | A kind of compound cleaning method of rubber mould |
| CN108406090B (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2019-12-27 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | High-energy short pulse laser processing method for removing stealth coating on metal surface |
| CN109433745A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-03-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Large-scale component Diode laser linear light spot laser cleaning method |
| CN109926403B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-09-15 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Method for reducing residual stress of high-power pulse laser cleaning metal surface |
| CN110116117A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-08-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of laser composite cleaning system and method |
| CN111979557B (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2022-09-13 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Method for cleaning stainless steel surface by using pulse laser to form micro-nano structure layer |
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| US5821175A (en) * | 1988-07-08 | 1998-10-13 | Cauldron Limited Partnership | Removal of surface contaminants by irradiation using various methods to achieve desired inert gas flow over treated surface |
| CN203265160U (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2013-11-06 | 温州大学 | Laser cleaner for combustion chamber carbon deposition |
| CN104551393A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-04-29 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Liquid film protecting laser processing system and method |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5821175A (en) * | 1988-07-08 | 1998-10-13 | Cauldron Limited Partnership | Removal of surface contaminants by irradiation using various methods to achieve desired inert gas flow over treated surface |
| CN203265160U (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2013-11-06 | 温州大学 | Laser cleaner for combustion chamber carbon deposition |
| CN104551393A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-04-29 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Liquid film protecting laser processing system and method |
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