CN106862290B - A kind of cup shell backward extrusion forming device and manufacturing process - Google Patents
A kind of cup shell backward extrusion forming device and manufacturing process Download PDFInfo
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- CN106862290B CN106862290B CN201710103681.8A CN201710103681A CN106862290B CN 106862290 B CN106862290 B CN 106862290B CN 201710103681 A CN201710103681 A CN 201710103681A CN 106862290 B CN106862290 B CN 106862290B
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- backward extrusion
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/20—Making uncoated products by backward extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/32—Lubrication of metal being extruded or of dies, or the like, e.g. physical state of lubricant, location where lubricant is applied
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C26/00—Rams or plungers; Discs therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C27/00—Containers for metal to be extruded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C31/00—Control devices, e.g. for regulating the pressing speed or temperature of metal; Measuring devices, e.g. for temperature of metal, combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with extrusion presses
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cup shell backward extrusion forming device and manufacturing process, building mortion includes cope plate, backing plate, backward extrusion punch, compression spring, spacing collar, backward extrusion cylinder, jacking block, mandril, hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod, lower template；Backing plate is equipped with below cope plate, backward extrusion punch is connected below backing plate, spacing collar is internally provided with backward extrusion cylinder, and backward extrusion cylinder is internally provided with jacking block, and jacking block bottom is mandril, and hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod is fixed between backward extrusion cylinder and lower template；The backward extrusion punch is two-part ladder circle column construction, and punch is internally provided with three-stage through hole, and the backward extrusion cylinder is the cylindrical member that inner cavity is through hole, and the top of through hole inner cavity is feeding chamber, lower part and jacking block clearance fit；The lower end of backward extrusion cylinder is connected with four hydraulic cylinder accelerator rods, and hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod is " T " shape structure, and control backward extrusion cylinder moves up and down.The present invention reduces the frictional force between punch and blank, blank and backward extrusion barrel, improves equipment life；It is cost-effective.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cup shell backward extrusion forming device and manufacturing process, belong to Metal Forming forming technique
Field.
Background technology
Cup-shape member is one of most representative structure type in the fields such as aerospace, defence and military, communications and transportation, is
The typical product of reversal extrusion technique.At present, for the manufacture of high tough cup shell, backward extrusion skill is mostly used both at home and abroad
Art, reversal extrusion technique are a kind of advanced machining process with less cutting, not only increase the form and dimensional precision of forging, save
Metal material, and because metallic fiber streamline is in mechanical performance that such part is improved during profiling, have " efficient, excellent
, there is very high use value in the characteristics of matter, low energy consumption " technically and economically.For metal during backward extrusion, material is in three
To compressive stress state, the resistance of deformation of material is very big.And traditional backward extrusion cup shell forming technology, metal is in reverse flow
Have relative motion with punch-pin and cavity plate, the lubricant effect of punch-pin and blank is bad in addition, so as to punch-pin and blank, blank with it is recessed
Huge frictional force is generated between mould in extrusion process, it is unfavorable to technique and product.Not only deteriorate cup shell forming quality
It even causes to crack, and considerably increases force in extrusion, improve the load and tonnage demand of equipment.It is in addition, larger
Frictional force and extruding force add die wear, reduce die life.
The content of the invention
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of cup shell backward extrusion forming device and manufacturing process.
The present invention specifically optimizes and improves from two large divisions to traditional extrusion process：1. automatic profit is provided with to punch-pin
Function is slided, band implementation works to punch certainly to realize punch during metal is squeezed down by the design to punch structure
Dynamic lubrication；On the other hand, the preparation of traditional backward extrusion cup shell, cavity plate are fixing device.2. in present invention process, to cavity plate
Accurate speed control is carried out, to offset the metal of reverse flow during the backward extrusion frictional force downward to cavity plate wall, changes base
Friction between material and cavity plate is actively.Two kinds of above designs, effectively reduce the hot backward extrusion power of cup shell, reach province
The purpose of power improves formability of the alloy in extrusion process, effectively increases lumber recovery, reduce energy consumption, improve punch
With the service life of mold, while existing low production efficiency can be solved the problems, such as.
The present invention provides a kind of cup shell backward extrusion forming device, including cope plate, backing plate, backward extrusion punch, compression
Spring, spacing collar, backward extrusion cylinder, jacking block, mandril, hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod, lower template；Backing plate is equipped with below cope plate, under backing plate
Side's connection backward extrusion punch, spacing collar are internally provided with backward extrusion cylinder, and backward extrusion cylinder is internally provided with jacking block, and jacking block bottom is top
Bar is fixed with hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod between backward extrusion cylinder and lower template；
The backward extrusion punch is two-part ladder circle column construction, and top is that small column lower part is big cylinder；In punch
Portion is equipped with through hole, which divides three parts, and through hole top is stairstepping, and middle part is cylinder, the top of through hole and middle part contact
Place forms step, and lower part is tubaeform, and spring and bar are equipped in the stepped bore of top, and through hole is clearance fit with compression spring,
Compress spring top and pad contact, the lower part for compressing spring is wrapped on the outside of bar, in through hole, lower part be equipped with T-shaped screw rod, spiral shell
At the top of bar on embedded through hole, in the stepped hole at middle part, screw rod upper surface is close to compression spring, and screw rod bottom is located at flared hole
Interior, screw rod bottom is connected through a screw thread with round platform block, round platform block insertion flared hole in, can occur under the action of the spring on move down
It is dynamic；Punch upper end side wall is equipped with an aperture, to squeeze into the entrance of lubricant；
The spacing collar is the cylindrical member with inner cavity, and inner cavity is stepped cylinder body structure；
The backward extrusion cylinder is the cylindrical member that inner cavity is through hole, and the top of through hole inner cavity is feeding chamber, lower part and jacking block
Clearance fit；Backward extrusion cylinder outer upper ends are clearance fit, lower end and spacing collar inner wall gap with spacing collar inner cavity upper end
Cooperation；The lower end of backward extrusion cylinder is connected with four hydraulic cylinder accelerator rods, and hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod is " T " shape structure, is controlled on backward extrusion cylinder
Lower movement；The jacking block lower end of backward extrusion tube inner chamber is in contact with lower template；
The lower template is equipped with the through hole of vertical direction, places mandril and hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod；
The backward extrusion punch, spacing collar, backward extrusion cylinder through hole, the push-rod hole of lower template are located at same central shaft
On line.
In above device, the backward extrusion punch is fixed with backing plate by hexagon socket head cap screw, and compression spring is limited in punching
In head inner cavity；Backing plate is connected by bolt with cope plate.
In above device, the backward extrusion cylinder is internally provided with circular through hole, is made of concentric two sections cylindrical drum,
The outer diameter of hypomere cylindrical drum is more than the outer diameter of epimere cylindrical drum, the outer diameter of epimere cylindrical drum and the internal diameter phase at the top of spacing collar
Deng the outer diameter of hypomere cylindrical drum is equal with the internal diameter of spacing collar bottom；It is and along the circumferential direction equal in the bottom of hypomere cylindrical drum
It is even to set there are four blind hole.
In above device, the center of the lower template is set there are one push-rod hole, has along the circumferential direction been uniformly arranged four
A hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod through hole, and hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod through hole is corresponding with the blind hole of backward extrusion cylinder bottom, push-rod hole is up big and down small
Stepped hole, through hole upper end and jacking block clearance fit, jacking block is placed in the through hole of upper end, and lower end is push-rod hole, spacing collar
Lower end outer ring is bolted in lower template；The mandril is squeezed in a manner of upper and lower reciprocal telescopic from push-rod hole into anti-
In pressure cylinder intracavity through hole；The top of the hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod is located in the blind hole of backward extrusion cylinder bottom setting, and the blind hole is big
In the hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod through hole of lower template, hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod passes through the hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod of lower template in a manner of upper and lower reciprocal telescopic
Through hole enters in spacing collar, realizes that the up and down motion to backward extrusion cylinder controls.
In above device, the spacing collar cavity heights are h, and the step thicknesses outside backward extrusion cylinder lower end are a, top
Block height is b, and the height of jacking block is contained as c in the upper end of lower template push-rod hole, and the critical distance of backward extrusion cylinder upward sliding is h-
a；And h-a<B-c, it is ensured that jacking block retains always in entire extrusion process or part is retained in the through hole of backward extrusion cylinder.
The design principle of backward extrusion punch in building mortion of the present invention：During reverse extrusion, the metal meeting that is extruded
Flowed back up along backward extrusion cylinder and punch work band, thus blank and punch work band, blank and backward extrusion cylinder it
Between generate huge frictional force, so as to considerably increase the load of force in extrusion and forcing press.Therefore, using effective manner
Punch in extrusion process is lubricated especially it is necessary to.The backward extrusion punch is upper end band oblique cone, lower end with anti-
Squeeze the multi-diameter shaft of work band.Band through hole inside punch, through hole divide three sections of upper, middle and lower, it is upper in two sections be up big and down small ladder
Axis, lowermost are round table-like, internal and round table-like cooperation.The upper portion of through hole is equipped with compression spring and bar, and through hole is with compressing
Gapping of spring coordinates.Bar is three sections of multi-diameter shafts of upper, middle and lower, and the uppermost of bar is relatively large in diameter, and is placed in compression spring, with spring
Clearance fit, the lowermost diameter of bar is minimum, is provided with external screw thread, couples with the internal thread of round platform block upper end.The stage casing part of bar,
Diameter is maximum, and with punch internal chamber wall clearance fit, the upper surface of stage casing part is close to compression spring, lower surface and punch inner cavity
Lockhole (the stage casing parts of punch pin through-bores) upper surface be close to.Position-limiting action is played in bar stage casing, punch tip round platform block not
When being stressed, the compressed spring in stage casing of bar and the limitation of lockhole.Punch upper end is equipped with an aperture, to squeeze into entering for lubricant
Mouthful.The stage casing part lower end of bar is provided with half-round cross hole slot on four direction, and the lubricant being conveniently driven into flows to from top to bottom
Punch tip.In two steps, first step punch pushes specific workflow.As punch moves down, round platform block is pressurized, with spring
Interior bar stress rises, and squeezes compression spring, until round platform block is fully retracted the end face that closure is formed in punch endoporus.Under continuing
Pressure, in a bit of groove of blank internal pressure；Second step squeezes into lubricant from punch tip aperture, and punch continues again after reversely above lifting
It pushes.With the reversed lifting of punch, round platform block gradually stretches out, and the lubricant squeezed into enters punch top from punch cavity from top to bottom
Work band is held, one layer of lubricant film is formed in blank groove, continues to push with back punching head, groove lubricant film edge is worked
Band is reversely squeezed out with cup shell inner wall, achievees the effect that lubricate punch work band in entire extrusion process.
The design principle of backward extrusion cylinder in building mortion of the present invention：The backward extrusion cylinder is controlled by hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod
Its progress of work, the control of speed when mainly rising to backward extrusion cylinder.Ibid, in order to reduce even eliminate backward extrusion during
Backward extrusion cylinder barrel is to the resistance of metal flow, and esd resistance friction is actively, and the present invention is by hydraulic cylinder to one, backward extrusion cylinder
Upward movement is achieved, to reduce backward extrusion power.And it is equal according to second flow, give the downward speed of punch with
The specific matching relationship formula of the upward speed of backward extrusion cylinder.If cylindrical blank diameter of section to be extruded is D, punch work band is cut
The a diameter of d in face lists relational expression according to second flow is equal：
In above formula, vPunchingFor punch downstream rate, vMaterialFor backward extrusion blank extrusion speed, t is taken to complete compressional deformation
Between；
Abbreviation obtains：
Correction factor μ is taken, backward extrusion cylinder is with the speeds match relation in blank extrusion process：
vCylinder=μ vMaterial (2)
During μ >=1, direction is consistent with movement of metallic direction between backward extrusion cylinder and blank, extrusion forming during μ=1
In it is the most laborsaving.The speeds match relational expression for drawing punch and backward extrusion cylinder by formula (1), (2) is：
In above formula, μ → 1 illustrates that backward extrusion cylinder is approached with blank extrusion speed size.
The present invention provides a kind of cup shell backward extrusion methods, comprise the following steps：
(1) cylinder blank after heating is placed in the feeding chamber of backward extrusion cylinder；
(2) forcing press drives cope plate and the pressure of backward extrusion punch, and the round platform block of punch tip contacts first with blank, presses
Power machine continues to push, and in round platform block constantly retraction punch speaker hole, treats that punch tip is fully closed into plane and continues to be pressed down against
Blank is pressed into a bit of groove in blank；
(3) forcing press is reversely lifted, while lubricant is squeezed into punch tip aperture；Lubricant is made to lift process in punch
In flow into blank groove along punch inner cavity from top to bottom, form one layer of lubricant film；
(4) then forcing press continue pressure drive punch continue to depress, groove lubricant film along work band in blank
Wall reversely squeezes out；The downward speed of punch is vPunching, hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod is set at this time with vCylinderSpeed push up backward extrusion cylinder, and
MeetIn formula, μ is the correction factor of backward extrusion cylinder and blank extrusion process medium velocity, and D treats for cylinder
Extrusion billet diameter of section, d work for punch with diameter of section；The blank being extruded during this deformed area metal along
Punch work band surrounding and backward extrusion cylinder inner wall flow up；
(5) forcing press drives punch to continue extrusion billet, backward extrusion cylinder down and continues to rise, when the limit of backward extrusion cylinder lower end
During the limited step of position step contact spacing collar upper end, backward extrusion cylinder is moved by limitation, and backward extrusion cylinder stops rising, backward extrusion
The limit position that cylinder rises is h-a, while forcing press stops pressure, and extrusion process is completed；Blank is configured to cup shell；
(6) the reversed lifting of forcing press drives the reversed lifting of backward extrusion punch and backward extrusion cup shell, backward extrusion cup shell
During rising, limited and move by stripper, depart from backward extrusion punch；
(7) mandril of forcing press ejects upwards, and jacking block is promoted to eject backward extrusion cup shell upwards, and cup shell departs from backward extrusion
Cylinder, is then removed；
(8) hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod is retracted downwards, drives the downward retraction of backward extrusion cylinder, until the bottom surface of backward extrusion cylinder and lower die
Plate upper surface contacts, and stops the downward retraction of hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod；
(9) mandril is retracted downwards, and jacking block is snapped down to the Sheng jacking block through hole of lower template under gravity, and jacking block is under
Template is in contact；Entire mold returns to original state.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
(1) present invention makes huge frictional force between punch and blank, blank and the backward extrusion barrel during backward extrusion
It greatly reduces, hence it is evident that reduce the plastic force for squeezing cup shell, reach labour-saving purpose, reduce the load of forcing press, raising is set
Standby service life.Cost has been saved, has there is considerable economic benefit.
(2) because reducing the frictional force between punch and blank, blank and mold, hence it is evident that reduce squeeze cup shell into
Shape power, so makes in extrusion process that blank is uniform by three-dimensional stress state, effectively reduces the generation for squeezing crackle, improves cup
The formability of shape component.
(3) since the present invention carries out accurate speed control to backward extrusion cylinder, so as to realize the inner wall to cup shell
It is controlled with external metallization flowing.The cup-shape member of special texture requirements is prepared, application range is wider, handling strong.
(4) uniform force of the present invention, has wide range of applications.It is not only suitable for Al-alloy Cup-shaped shaping, it may also be used for deformation
The more cup-shape member shaping of the various metals such as difficult magnesium alloy.
(5) present invention provides the strong manufacturing method of a kind of short route, low energy consumption, controllability for cup-shape member, for preparation
Special texture cup shell provides reference.It is carried with the lightweight level of the equipments such as aerospace, defence and military, communications and transportation
Height, it is increasing to the demand of the good nonferrous metal product of various high-performance, with reference to World Environment problem process economics
Energy-saving proposes the production technology of nonferrous metal product the challenge of bigger, and application prospect of the present invention will be increasing.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the mold assembling figure of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of the backward extrusion punch of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that schematic diagram is directed toward in blank punch, blank and the movement of backward extrusion cylinder in extrusion process；
Fig. 4 is the cup shell structure diagram after shaping.
Fig. 5 is blank metal shunt schematic diagram in extrusion process；
Fig. 6 is mold work view when blank just puts to be extruded in tube for feed into；
Fig. 7 is blank mold work view in extrusion process；
Fig. 8 is to squeeze mold work view when ending；
1 is cope plate in figure, and 2 be backing plate, and 3 be backward extrusion punch, and 4 be spacing collar, and 5 be backward extrusion cylinder, and 6 be jacking block, 7
It is hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod for lower template, 8,9 be mandril, and 10 be compression spring, and 11 be hole, and 12 be bar, and 13 be round platform block, and 14 be cupuliform
Part, 15 be deformed area, and 16 be Deformed ring area, and 17 be area to be deformed, and 18 be cylinder Upsetting area.
Specific embodiment
It is further illustrated the present invention below by embodiment, but is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment：
As shown in Fig. 1~8, a kind of cup shell backward extrusion forming device, including cope plate 1, backing plate 2, backward extrusion punch 3,
Compress spring 10, spacing collar 4, backward extrusion cylinder 5, jacking block 6, mandril 9, hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod 8, lower template 7；1 lower section of cope plate is set
There is backing plate 2,2 lower section connection backward extrusion punch 3 of backing plate, spacing collar 4 is internally provided with backward extrusion cylinder 5, and backward extrusion cylinder 5 is internally provided with
Jacking block 6,6 bottom of jacking block are mandril 9, and hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod 8 is fixed between backward extrusion cylinder 5 and lower template 7；
The backward extrusion punch 3 is two-part ladder circle column construction, and top is that small column lower part is big cylinder；In punch
Portion is equipped with through hole, which divides three parts, and through hole top is stairstepping, and middle part is cylinder, the top of through hole and middle part contact
Place forms step, and lower part is tubaeform, and compression spring 10 and bar 12 are equipped in the stepped bore of top, and through hole is with compression spring 10
Clearance fit, compression spring 10 top are contacted with backing plate 2, and the lower part of compression spring 10 is wrapped on the outside of bar 12, in through hole, under
Portion forms limited step, interior to be equipped with T-shaped screw rod, and screw tip is embedded on through hole, in the stepped hole at middle part, screw rod upper surface and pressure
Contracting spring 10 is close to, and screw rod bottom is located in flared hole, and screw rod bottom and the endoporus of round platform block 13 are connected through a screw thread, round platform
Block 13 is embedded in flared hole, can be moved up and down under the action of the spring；Punch upper end side wall is equipped with an aperture 11, to beat
Enter the entrance of lubricant；As shown in Figure 2.In extrusion process, lubricant falls along the through hole in backward extrusion punch, passes through
Moving up and down for round platform block, lubricant is taken to and plays the role of lubrication in forming process.
The spacing collar 4 is the cylindrical member with inner cavity, and inner cavity is stepped cylinder body structure；
The backward extrusion cylinder 5 is the cylindrical member that inner cavity is through hole, and the top of through hole inner cavity is feeding chamber, lower part and jacking block
6 clearance fits；5 outer upper ends of backward extrusion cylinder are clearance fit, lower end and 4 inner wall of spacing collar with 4 inner cavity upper end of spacing collar
Clearance fit；The lower end of backward extrusion cylinder 5 is connected with four hydraulic cylinder accelerator rods 8, and hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod 8 is " T " shape structure, controls anti-squeeze
Pressure cylinder 5 moves up and down；6 lower end of jacking block of 5 inner cavity of backward extrusion cylinder is in contact with lower template 7；
The lower template 7 is equipped with the through hole of vertical direction, places mandril 9 and hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod 8；
The backward extrusion punch 3, spacing collar 4,5 through hole of backward extrusion cylinder, the push-rod hole of lower template 7 be located at it is same in
On mandrel line.
In above device, the backward extrusion punch 3 is fixed with backing plate 2 by hexagon socket head cap screw, and compression spring 10 is limited
In punch inner cavity；Backing plate 2 is connected by bolt with cope plate 1.
In above device, the backward extrusion cylinder 5 is internally provided with circular through hole, by concentric two sections cylindrical drum group
Outer diameter into, hypomere cylindrical drum is more than the outer diameter of epimere cylindrical drum, the internal diameter at the top of the outer diameter and spacing collar of epimere cylindrical drum
Equal, the outer diameter of hypomere cylindrical drum is equal with the internal diameter of spacing collar bottom；And in the bottom of hypomere cylindrical drum along the circumferential direction
It is uniformly provided with four blind holes.
In above device, the center of the lower template 7 is set there are one push-rod hole, has along the circumferential direction been uniformly arranged four
A hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod through hole, and hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod through hole is corresponding with the blind hole of backward extrusion cylinder bottom, push-rod hole is up big and down small
Stepped hole, through hole upper end and jacking block clearance fit, jacking block is placed in the through hole of upper end, and lower end is push-rod hole, spacing collar
Lower end outer ring is bolted in lower template；The mandril is squeezed in a manner of upper and lower reciprocal telescopic from push-rod hole into anti-
In pressure cylinder intracavity through hole；The top of the hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod is located in the blind hole of backward extrusion cylinder bottom setting, and the blind hole is big
In the hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod through hole of lower template, hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod passes through the hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod of lower template in a manner of upper and lower reciprocal telescopic
Through hole enters in spacing collar, realizes that the up and down motion to backward extrusion cylinder controls.
In above device, 4 cavity heights of spacing collar are h, and the step thicknesses outside 5 lower end of backward extrusion cylinder are a,
Jacking block height is b, and the height of jacking block is contained as c in the upper end of lower template push-rod hole, and the critical distance of backward extrusion cylinder upward sliding is
h-a；And h-a<B-c, it is ensured that jacking block retains always in entire extrusion process or part is retained in the through hole of backward extrusion cylinder.
The manufacturing process of the present invention comprises the following steps：
(1) cylinder blank after heating is placed in the feeding chamber of backward extrusion cylinder 5；
(2) forcing press drives cope plate 1 and backward extrusion punch 3 to depress, and the round platform block of punch tip contacts first with blank,
Forcing press continues to push, and in round platform block constantly 3 speaker hole of retraction backward extrusion punch, treats that punch tip is fully closed into plane continuation
Blank is pressed down against, a bit of groove is pressed into blank；
(3) forcing press is reversely lifted, while lubricant is squeezed into 3 top aperture of backward extrusion punch.Make lubricant in punch
Blank groove is flowed into along punch inner cavity from top to bottom during lifting, forms one layer of lubricant film；
(4) then forcing press continues pressure backward extrusion punch 3 is driven to continue to depress, groove lubricant film along work band with
Blank inner wall reversely squeezes out；The downward speed of backward extrusion punch 3 is vPunching, hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod 8 is set at this time with vCylinderSpeed it is upward
Backward extrusion cylinder 5 is promoted, and is met(μ→1(vPunchingAnd vCylinderSize approaches), μ is positive number).It is squeezed during this
The blank of pressure deformed area metal along punch work band surrounding and 5 inner wall of backward extrusion cylinder flow up；
(5) forcing press drives backward extrusion punch 3 to continue extrusion billet down, and backward extrusion cylinder 5 continues to rise, when backward extrusion cylinder
During the limited step of 4 upper end of limited step contact spacing collar of 5 lower ends, backward extrusion cylinder 5 is moved by limitation, and backward extrusion cylinder 5 stops
Only rise, the limit position that backward extrusion cylinder 5 rises is h-a, while forcing press stops pressure, and extrusion process is completed；Blank is configured to
Cup shell 14；
(6) the reversed lifting of forcing press drives the reversed lifting of backward extrusion punch 3 and backward extrusion cup shell, backward extrusion cupuliform
Part is limited by stripper (being not drawn into figure) and moves, depart from backward extrusion punch 3 during rising；
(7) mandril 9 of forcing press ejects upwards, promotes the ejection backward extrusion cup shell upwards of jacking block 6, and cup shell departs from anti-squeeze
Pressure cylinder 5, is then removed；
(8) hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod 8 is retracted downwards, drives the downward retraction of backward extrusion cylinder 5, until the bottom surface of backward extrusion cylinder 5 with
7 upper surface of lower template contacts, and stops the downward retraction of hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod 8；
(9) mandril 9 is retracted downwards, and jacking block 6 is snapped down to the Sheng jacking block through hole of lower template 7, jacking block 6 under gravity
It is in contact with lower template 7.Entire mold returns to original state；
(10) process (1) to (9) is repeated, can continuously complete the backward extrusion of cup shell.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of cup shell backward extrusion forming device, it is characterised in that：Including cope plate, backing plate, backward extrusion punch, compression bullet
Spring, spacing collar, backward extrusion cylinder, jacking block, mandril, hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod, lower template；Backing plate, backing plate lower section are equipped with below cope plate
Backward extrusion punch is connected, spacing collar is internally provided with backward extrusion cylinder, and backward extrusion cylinder is internally provided with jacking block, and jacking block bottom is mandril,
Hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod is fixed between backward extrusion cylinder and lower template；
The backward extrusion punch is two-part ladder circle column construction, and top is that small column lower part is big cylinder；It is set inside punch
There is through hole, which divides three parts, and through hole top is stairstepping, and middle part is cylinder, the top of through hole and middle part contact position shape
Into step, lower part is tubaeform, and top stepped bore is interior to be equipped with spring and bar, and through hole is clearance fit with compression spring, is compressed
Spring top and pad contact, the lower part for compressing spring are wrapped on the outside of bar, in through hole, lower part be equipped with T-shaped screw rod, screw top
On portion's insertion through hole, in the stepped hole at middle part, screw rod upper surface is close to compression spring, and screw rod bottom is located in flared hole,
Screw rod bottom is connected through a screw thread with round platform block, in round platform block insertion flared hole, can be moved up and down under the action of the spring；
Punch upper end side wall is equipped with an aperture, to squeeze into the entrance of lubricant；
The spacing collar is the cylindrical member with inner cavity, and inner cavity is stepped cylinder body structure；
The backward extrusion cylinder is the cylindrical member that inner cavity is through hole, and the top of through hole inner cavity is feeding chamber, lower part and jacking block gap
Cooperation；Backward extrusion cylinder outer upper ends are clearance fit, lower end and spacing collar inner wall clearance fit with spacing collar inner cavity upper end；
The lower end of backward extrusion cylinder is connected with four hydraulic cylinder accelerator rods, and hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod is " T " shape structure, and control backward extrusion cylinder is transported up and down
It is dynamic；The jacking block lower end of backward extrusion tube inner chamber is in contact with lower template；
The lower template is equipped with the through hole of vertical direction, places mandril and hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod；
The backward extrusion punch, spacing collar, backward extrusion cylinder through hole, the push-rod hole of lower template are located at same central axis
On.
2. cup shell backward extrusion forming device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The backward extrusion punch and backing plate
It is fixed by hexagon socket head cap screw, compression spring is limited in punch inner cavity；Backing plate is connected by bolt with cope plate.
3. cup shell backward extrusion forming device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The backward extrusion cylinder is internally provided with
Circular through hole is made of concentric two sections cylindrical drum, and the outer diameter of hypomere cylindrical drum is more than the outer diameter of epimere cylindrical drum, on
The outer diameter of section cylindrical drum is equal with the internal diameter at the top of spacing collar, the outer diameter of hypomere cylindrical drum and the internal diameter phase of spacing collar bottom
Deng；And four blind holes are along the circumferential direction uniformly provided in the bottom of hypomere cylindrical drum.
4. the cup shell backward extrusion forming device according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that：In the lower template
The heart is set there are one push-rod hole, has along the circumferential direction been uniformly arranged four hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod through holes, and hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod through hole with
The blind hole of backward extrusion cylinder bottom corresponds to, and push-rod hole is up big and down small stepped hole, through hole upper end and jacking block clearance fit, jacking block
It is placed in the through hole of upper end, lower end is push-rod hole, and spacing collar lower end outer ring is bolted in lower template；The top
Bar is entered from push-rod hole in backward extrusion tube inner chamber through hole in a manner of upper and lower reciprocal telescopic；The top of the hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod
Positioned at backward extrusion cylinder bottom set blind hole in, and the blind hole be more than lower template hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod through hole, hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod with
Up and down reciprocatingly flexible mode is entered by the hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod through hole of lower template in spacing collar, is realized to the upper of backward extrusion cylinder
Lower motion control.
5. cup shell backward extrusion forming device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The spacing collar inner cavity is high
It spends for h, the step thicknesses outside backward extrusion cylinder lower end are a, and jacking block height is b, and jacking block is contained in the upper end of lower template push-rod hole
It is highly c, the critical distance of backward extrusion cylinder upward sliding is h-a；And h-a<b-c.
6. a kind of cup shell backward extrusion method is filled using Claims 1 to 5 any one of them cup shell backward extrusion
It puts, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) cylinder blank after heating is placed in the feeding chamber of backward extrusion cylinder；
(2) forcing press drives cope plate and the pressure of backward extrusion punch, and the round platform block of punch tip contacts first with blank, forcing press
Continue to push, in round platform block constantly retraction punch speaker hole, treat that punch tip is fully closed into plane and continues to be pressed down against blank,
A bit of groove is pressed into blank；
(3) forcing press is reversely lifted, while lubricant is squeezed into the aperture of punch upper end side wall；Lubricant is made to be lifted in punch
Blank groove is flowed into along punch inner cavity from top to bottom in journey, forms one layer of lubricant film；
(4) subsequent forcing press, which continues to depress, drives punch to continue to depress, and groove lubricant film is anti-along work band and blank inner wall
To extrusion；The blank being extruded during this deformed area metal along punch work band surrounding and backward extrusion cylinder inner wall it is upward
Flowing；
(5) forcing press drives punch to continue extrusion billet, backward extrusion cylinder down and continues to rise, when the limiting stand of backward extrusion cylinder lower end
During the limited step of rank contact spacing collar upper end, backward extrusion cylinder is moved by limitation, and backward extrusion cylinder stops rising, on backward extrusion cylinder
The limit position risen is h-a, while forcing press stops pressure, and extrusion process is completed；Blank is configured to cup shell；
Wherein h is the spacing collar cavity heights, and a is the step thicknesses outside backward extrusion cylinder lower end, and h-a is backward extrusion cylinder
The critical distance of upward sliding；
(6) the reversed lifting of forcing press drives the reversed lifting of backward extrusion punch and backward extrusion cup shell, and backward extrusion cup shell is upper
During rising, limited and move by stripper, depart from backward extrusion punch；
(7) mandril of forcing press ejects upwards, and jacking block is promoted to eject backward extrusion cup shell upwards, and cup shell departs from backward extrusion cylinder,
Then it is removed；
(8) hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod is retracted downwards, and backward extrusion cylinder is driven to retract downwards, until the bottom surface of backward extrusion cylinder and lower template upper table
Face contacts, and stops the downward retraction of hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod；
(9) mandril is retracted downwards, and jacking block is snapped down to the Sheng jacking block through hole of lower template, jacking block and lower template under gravity
It is in contact；Entire mold returns to original state.
7. cup shell backward extrusion method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The speed of punch and backward extrusion cylinder
Matching relationship formula is：
In formula, vPunchingFor punch downstream rate, vCylinderFor the speed of hydraulic cylinder accelerator rod, μ is backward extrusion cylinder and blank extrusion process middling speed
The correction factor of degree, D are cylindrical blank diameter of section to be extruded, and d works for punch with diameter of section.
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| CN201710103681.8A CN106862290B (en) | 2017-02-24 | 2017-02-24 | A kind of cup shell backward extrusion forming device and manufacturing process |
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| CN109346596B (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2020-06-12 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Preparation device and method for annular thermoelectric device |
| CN110252838B (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2024-04-26 | 合肥工业大学 | Extrusion machine tool |
| CN110639973B (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-02-23 | 巨力索具股份有限公司 | Reverse extrusion forming method and application of mirror-symmetric thin-wall double-lug parts |
| CN110586678B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-12-01 | 西安工程大学 | Extrusion processing method for removing macrocrystalline ring on surface of aluminum alloy |
| CN113083925A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-07-09 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Efficient extrusion forming method for rectangular aluminum alloy thin-wall cartridge case |
| CN114505440B (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-12-16 | 钢铁研究总院 | Hollow major axis backward extrusion self-lubricating mould |
| CN116871345B (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2023-12-01 | 陕西长羽航空装备股份有限公司 | Reverse extrusion forming method for small-sized dissimilar alloy |
| CN117721340B (en) * | 2024-02-08 | 2024-04-23 | 合肥工业大学 | B (B)4Integrated preparation device for C-reinforced 6082Al composite material |
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| JPS55128315A (en) * | 1979-03-27 | 1980-10-04 | Toshiba Corp | Cold and warm pressure welding and extruding method |
| CN101745559B (en) * | 2009-12-28 | 2012-04-25 | 上海交通大学 | Backward extrusion forming device for miniature precision part |
| CN101972792B (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2012-01-25 | 南京迪威尔重型锻造股份有限公司 | Hot reverse-extrusion forming mold for large cup shell |
| CN202052787U (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-11-30 | 南京迪威尔重型锻造股份有限公司 | Backward extrusion molding device for large cup-shaped piece |
| CN102029301B (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2012-04-11 | 南京迪威尔重型锻造股份有限公司 | Heat backward extrusion molding process of large-sized cup-shaped piece |
| CN105268756B (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2017-05-03 | 北京机电研究所 | Die for pre-forming inner holes of deep-hole shaft parts, method for forming inner holes and forming process of deep-hole shaft parts |
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