CN106833758A - 一种工业焦炉煤气氨气回收方法与装置 - Google Patents

一种工业焦炉煤气氨气回收方法与装置 Download PDF

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CN106833758A
CN106833758A CN201710059368.9A CN201710059368A CN106833758A CN 106833758 A CN106833758 A CN 106833758A CN 201710059368 A CN201710059368 A CN 201710059368A CN 106833758 A CN106833758 A CN 106833758A
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stage
ammonia
coke
industrial
stove gas
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马良
王依谋
李兵
冯卫权
贾虹
刘安林
何梦雅
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Shanghai Zhejiang Chemical Technology Co Ltd
East China University of Science and Technology
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Shanghai Zhejiang Chemical Technology Co Ltd
East China University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了工业焦炉煤气氨气回收方法与装置，提供了一种工业焦炉煤气氨气回收方法，该方法流程为：夹带氨气的工业焦炉煤气经过除油罐后和吸氨工业用水同时进入单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器；单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器中吸收了氨气的吸氨工业用水至换热器，经换热器换热后用溶液循环泵抽送至氨水储罐；脱除氨气后的工业焦炉煤气由单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器顶部流出，经干燥器脱水后进入后续设备。本发明还提供了工业焦炉煤气氨气回收的相关装置。

Description

一种工业焦炉煤气氨气回收方法与装置
本发明申请要求名称为“一种高效硫化氢气体吸收装置”，申请日是2016年9月21日，申请号是201610494578.6的发明，作为本发明中旋流喷射吸附器结构的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及焦炉煤气净化方法技术领域，适用于焦炉煤气氨气回收过程，尤其涉及一种焦炉煤气氨气的回收方法及装置。
背景技术
氨气，NH3，无色气体，有强烈的刺激气味，易溶于水，密度为0.7710。相对密度为0.5971(空气＝1.00)，易被液化成无色的液体。在常温下加压即可使其液化(临界温度132.4℃，临界压力11.2兆帕，即112.2大气压)。沸点为-33.5℃，也易被固化成雪状固体。熔点-77.75℃，溶于水、乙醇和***。在高温时会分解成氮气和氢气，有还原作用，有催化剂存在时可被氧化成一氧化氮。用于制液氮、氨水、硝酸、铵盐和胺类等，可由氮和氢直接合成而制得，能灼伤皮肤、眼睛、呼吸器官的粘膜，人吸入过多，能引起肺肿胀，以至死亡。
焦炉煤气，是指将几种烟煤配制成炼焦用煤，在炼焦炉中经过高温干馏后，在产出焦炭和焦油等产品的同时所产生的一种可燃性气体，是炼焦工业的副产品。在炼焦过程中，煤中的大部分氮以氨气的形态进入焦炉煤气；在脱硫工序中，用氨气作为碱源脱硫后，过量氨气会随焦炉煤气一起进入后续工序。由于氨气具有一定的毒性、腐蚀性且具有刺激性恶臭的气味，在焦炉煤气供给工业或民用用户使用之前需要将焦炉煤气中的氨气脱除。
国内大多采用塔式设备利用水洗氨的方法脱除焦炉煤气中的氨气，如专利201410666763.X采用喷淋塔吸收处理氨气，专利201320482583.7公开了氨气吸收塔提高氨气吸收效率，专利201210542213.8采用旋流吹脱一体化设备处理氨气，但用于废水中氨的处理。采用塔式设备进行氨气回收方法复杂、占地面积大、投资高、附带设备较多。目前未见到采用多级旋流喷射吸附器进行焦炉煤气氨气回收的研究报道。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有方法的不足，本发明提供了一种工业焦炉煤气氨气回收方法与装置
一种工业焦炉煤气氨气回收方法，其特征在于：
(1)工业焦炉煤气进入除油罐脱油雾；
(2)脱油后气体进入单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器，同时吸氨工业用水经泵也进入单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器；
(3)工业焦炉煤气从单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器顶部入口切向进入，吸氨工业用水从单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器侧壁小孔喷入；
(4)径向喷入的流线型吸收剂被切向高速旋转的工业焦炉煤气持续切割，形成无数吸附液雾滴；
(5)经吸收后富含氨气的吸附液从单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器底部流出，经换热器换热后进入液体储罐回收储存；
(6)净化后工业焦炉煤气从单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器顶部流出，经干燥器脱水后进入后续设备。
优选的，步骤(2)所述的多级旋流喷射吸附器为2～5级。
优选的，步骤(2)所述的单级旋流喷射吸附器操作压降为1～5kpa。
优选的，步骤(2)所述的单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器侧壁小孔可为圆形、半圆形、三角形、方形，小孔面积为0.2～30mm2。
优选的，步骤(4)所述的吸收剂为工业用水或工业循环水，减少方法投资。
另一方面，本发明提供了一种工业焦炉煤气氨气回收装置。该装置包括：
除油罐用于除去工业焦炉煤气中油雾；
单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器用于吸附工业焦炉煤气中氨气；
与单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器连接的换热器，用于冷却流入其中的液体；
与单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器连接的干燥器，用于脱除净化后工业焦炉煤气中液相；
与换热器连接的液体储罐，用于回收储存氨水；
优选的，所述的单级旋流喷射吸附器的脱氨吸附效率在99％以上。
优选的，所述的单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器采用不同直径，可处理不同风量的工业焦炉煤气。
优选的，所述的设备材质具有耐腐蚀性。
优选的，所述的多级旋流喷射吸附器可集成，换热器为立式或卧式。
本发明的方法特点如下：
(1)采用旋流喷射吸附器多级串联，有效提高脱氨效果。
(2)旋流吸附器侧壁开孔不同，吸收剂射流形态不同，传质效果不同，可不同程度影响脱氨效果。
(3)吸收剂为工业用水或工业循环水，减少方法投资，减少污染。
(4)该方法适用于工业焦炉煤气工况。
本发明的装置特点如下：
单级旋流喷射吸附器的脱氨吸附效率在99％以上。
该装置易集成，除油罐、旋流喷射吸附器、换热器、液体储罐、干燥器直径小，减少了装置的总占地面积和总投资。
附图说明
图1是本发明的单级旋流喷射吸附器方法流程图；
图2是本发明的多级旋流喷射吸附器方法流程图；
图3是本发明的旋流喷射吸附器内壁喷射示意图。
符号说明：
1除油罐；2工业用水罐；3工业用水液泵；4换热器；5氨水液泵；
6氨水储罐；7单级旋流喷射吸附器；8干燥器；9二级旋流喷射吸附器。
具体实施方式
本发明的技术构思如下：
如图2所示，工厂排放的焦炉煤气进入除油罐1中除去煤气中油雾，除油后进入单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器7和9中，同时储罐2中工业用水由液泵3抽送至旋流喷射吸附器7和9中，7中气体进入多级旋流喷射吸附器9进一步净化；旋流喷射吸附器7和9中氨水进入换热器4，换热后由液泵5输送至氨水储罐6中；经旋流喷射吸附器净化后气体进入干燥器8中干燥，输送至后续设备。
本发明中旋流喷射吸附器结构，可参见名称为“一种高效硫化氢气体吸收装置”，申请日是2016年9月21日，申请号是201610494578.6的发明。
以上所述内容仅为本发明构思下的基本说明，而依据本发明的技术方案所作的任何等效变换，均应属于本发明的保护范围。
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步说明，实施例并不限制本发明的范围。
实施例1：
某炼钢集团新疆分公司焦化分厂煤气氨气处理，按照本发明方法和装置进行，采用单级旋流吸附煤气中氨气。
表1吸收前后焦炉煤气含氨对比mg/m3
吸附前氨 吸附后氨
3971.5 403.4
3870.9 283.9
3847.9 310.9
2482.7 154.5
3612.6 189.2
技术效果：
采用该新型焦炉煤气氨气回收方法与装置，使单级旋流喷射吸附器脱除后氨气浓度降至500mg/m3以下，效率为90％以上，大大提高了氨气脱除回收效果。
实施例2：
上述工况气体按照本发明方法和装置进行，采用多级旋流吸附煤气中氨气。
表2吸收前后焦炉煤气含氨对比mg/m3
技术效果：
采用该新型焦炉煤气氨气回收方法与装置，使单级旋流喷射吸附器脱除后氨气浓度降至240mg/m3以下，效率为95％以上，大大提高了氨气脱除回收效果。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种工业焦炉煤气氨气回收方法，其特征在于：
工业焦炉煤气进入除油罐脱油雾；脱油后气体进入单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器，同时吸氨工业用水经泵也进入单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器；工业焦炉煤气从单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器顶部入口切向进入，吸氨工业用水从单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器侧壁小孔喷入；径向喷入的流线型吸收剂被切向高速旋转的工业焦炉煤气持续切割，形成无数吸附液雾滴；经吸收后富含氨气的吸附液从单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器底部流出，经换热器换热后进入液体储罐回收储存；净化后工业焦炉煤气从单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器顶部流出，经干燥器脱水后进入后续设备。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的多级旋流喷射吸附器为2～5级。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的单级旋流喷射吸附器操作压降为1～5kpa。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器侧壁小孔可为圆形、半圆形、三角形或方形，小孔面积为0.2～30mm2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的吸收剂为工业用水或工业循环水。
6.一种工业焦炉煤气氨气回收装置，该装置包括：
除油罐(1)，用于除去工业焦炉煤气中油雾；单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器(2)，用于吸附工业焦炉煤气中氨气；与单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器连接的换热器(3)，用于冷却流入其中的液体；与单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器连接的干燥器(4)，用于脱除净化后工业焦炉煤气中液相；与换热器连接的液体储罐(5)，用于回收储存氨水。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述的单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器(2)以处理不同风量的工业焦炉煤气为依据，采用不同直径。
8.根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述多级旋流喷射吸附器(2)为为多级串连和/或并联集成，换热器(3)为立式或卧式。
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