CN106731550A - 一种焚烧除尘脱硫***及其自动控制方法 - Google Patents
一种焚烧除尘脱硫***及其自动控制方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种焚烧除尘脱硫***,包括控制终端、焚烧炉、旋流喷射吸附器、气液分离器、碱液缓冲罐和循环泵。所述旋流喷射吸附器可同时进行除尘和脱硫,所述焚烧除尘脱硫***整合有温度检测装置、CO检测装置和SO2检测装置,配合燃气调节阀、空气调节阀和碱液调节阀,实现对温度、CO、SO2的实时检测,并将检测结果转化成电信号传到所述控制终端,通过所述控制终端反馈调节燃气调节阀、空气调节阀和碱液调节阀,自动调整燃气、空气、碱液的通入量,通过这些关键量的控制调节,可确保炉温达到生产要求,同时使烟气中的粉尘被充分去除,SO2被充分吸收,通入焚烧炉中的CO充分燃烧,喷入的碱液被充分利用,可适用于复杂多变的工况。
Description
本发明申请要求名称为“一种高效硫化氢气体吸收装置”,申请日是2016年9月21日,申请号是201610494578.6的发明,作为本发明中旋流喷射吸附器结构的优先权。
技术领域
本发明属于石油化工与环保领域,涉及一种焚烧除尘脱硫***及其自动控制方法。
背景技术
目前,我国大气污染物排放量巨大,SO2年排放量超过2000万吨,烟尘排放量超过1200万吨,居世界首位。SO2是酸雨的前体物之一,人体吸入后对眼及呼吸道粘膜有强烈的刺激作用,烟尘的直接排空使雾霾天气日益严重。
目前常用的除尘脱硫方法,是将脱硫与除尘两种工艺分开进行的。使得工艺流程较为复杂,设备台数较多,操作难度较大,占地空间大,前期投资高,转化速度慢,副产物多,不适用于小规模的气体处理装置。而且焚烧***尾气中SO2和粉尘的含量以及焚烧炉的温度都是随着燃料成分的变化而变化的,为保证生产需要和除尘脱硫效率,炉温、CO的通入量、碱液的喷入量也需要作相应地的变化。但是现有的脱硫与除尘工艺和设备还不具备自动实时检测和控制炉温、CO的通入量、碱液的喷入量的功能,不能适应不断变化的工艺环境。
发明内容
因此,针对现有技术中的除尘脱硫工艺和设备较为复杂、成本高且不能适应不断变化的工艺环境的技术问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种可对除尘脱硫中的各关键量进行适应性自动调节,提高生产效率,降低生产成本的焚烧除尘脱硫***。
本发明的焚烧除尘脱硫***包括控制终端、焚烧炉、旋流喷射吸附器、气液分离器、碱液缓冲罐和循环泵;所述旋流喷射吸附器上部为旋流圆筒体,所述旋流圆筒体顶部设有切向接入的烟气入口,所述烟气入口与所述焚烧炉的烟气出口接通;所述旋流圆筒体内部沿着中心轴线设有一排气套管,所述排气套管顶端作为含液烟气出口伸出所述旋流喷射吸附器,所述含液烟气出口与所述气液分离器的入口接通;所述旋流圆筒体侧壁外设有圆柱形外夹套,所述圆柱形外夹套与旋流筒体外壁连接构成水力喷射雾化室,所述旋流圆筒体侧壁上均匀开有小孔,所述圆柱形外夹套上端设有一个碱液入口,所述碱液入口与所述碱液缓冲罐出口接通;所述旋流喷射吸附器底部设有含硫含尘液出口;所述循环泵安装在所述碱液入口和所述碱液缓冲罐出口之间;所述气液分离器的气体出口与排空管道接通,所述气液分离器的液体出口与所述碱液缓冲罐入口接通;所述排空管道上设有SO2检测装置,所述SO2检测装置与所述控制终端连接,所述循环泵和所述碱液入口之间的管道上设有碱液调节阀,所述碱液调节阀由所述控制终端连接控制。
较佳的,所述排气套管侧壁外设有圆柱形内夹套,所述圆柱形内夹套与所述排气套管侧壁连接也构成水力喷射雾化室,所述圆柱形内夹套外层均匀开有小孔;所述圆柱形内夹套上端也设有一个碱液入口。
较佳的,所述旋流圆筒体侧壁和所述圆柱形内夹套的所述小孔孔径为0.5~5mm。
所述的旋流喷射吸附器为单级,或者为多级串连和/或并联,即可以是单个的旋流喷射吸附器,也可以是串联或并联的多个,还可以是串联和并联相结合,可根据烟气中含硫气体的含量选择。
较佳的,所述排空管道上还设有风机。
工作时,含有CO的燃气与空气同时通入所述焚烧炉中进行燃烧,燃烧后排出的含尘、含二氧化硫的烟气在所述风机的作用下,可从所述烟气入口高速切向进入所述旋流喷射吸附器中并切向高速旋转,同时碱液作为吸附液经所述循环泵送入所述旋流喷射吸附器。吸附液从所述吸附器圆筒壁小孔喷入,径向喷入的流线型吸附液被切向高速旋转的烟气持续切割,形成无数吸附液雾滴。一方面,雾滴吸附聚并烟气中的粉尘颗粒,在离心力的作用下,含尘液滴沿旋流喷射吸附器的边壁流至底流口。另一方面,雾滴与烟气中的二氧化硫快速反应,经吸收后含尘含硫的吸附液从所述旋流喷射吸附器的底部的含硫含尘液出口流出,含少量吸附液的气体从所述旋流喷射吸附器顶部的含液烟气出口流出,然后进入气液分离器,聚结回收的碱液流入所述碱液贮存罐,气体自所述排空管道排出。通过所述SO2检测装置检测排出气体中SO2的含量并将检测结果传至所述控制终端,所述控制终端根据检测结果反馈调节所述碱液调节阀,控制碱液的喷入量,可保证SO2被充分吸收,达到排放标准,同时又可防止碱液的喷入量过大,降低生产成本。
较佳的,所述焚烧炉连有两根进气管道,分别为燃气管道和空气管道;所述燃气管道上设有CO通入量检测装置,所述CO通入量检测装置与所述控制终端连接;所述燃气管道上和所述空气管道上分别设有燃气调节阀和空气调节阀,所述燃气调节阀和所述空气调节阀分别与所述控制终端连接。
较佳的,所述排空管道上设有CO排空量检测装置,所述CO排空量检测装置与所述控制终端连接。
较佳的,所述焚烧炉上还设有温度检测装置,所述温度检测装置与所述控制终端连接。
所述CO检测装置、所述SO2检测装置、所述炉温检测装置均由传感器和数控单元组成,以实现对CO、SO2、温度的检测,并将检测信息转化成电信号传到所述控制终端,通过所述控制终端处理后,信号传至燃气调节阀、空气调节阀和碱液调节阀,从而自动调节控制CO、空气、碱液的通入量。
本发明的另一目的在于提供所述的焚烧除尘脱硫***的自动控制方法,其包括:
(A)炉温的控制:含有CO的燃气与空气同时通入所述焚烧炉中燃烧,所述温度检测装置检测炉膛温度并将检测结果传至所述控制终端,所述控制终端再反馈调节所述燃气调节阀,调整燃气的通入量,同时,所述CO通入检测装置检测到CO的通入量并将检测结果传至所述控制终端,所述控制终端反馈调节所述空气调节阀,快速调整空气的通入量,保证CO充分燃烧;
(B)SO2的控制:燃气在所述焚烧炉中焚烧后,排出的含尘、含二氧化硫的烟气在所述风机的作用下,从所述烟气入口高速切向进入所述旋流喷射吸附器中并切向高速旋转,同时碱液作为吸附液经所述循环泵送入所述旋流喷射吸附器;经所述旋流喷射吸附器除尘脱硫后的净化气体经所述排空管道排出,所述SO2检测装置检测净化气体中SO2的含量并将检测结果传给所述控制终端,所述控制终端反馈调节所述碱液调节阀调整碱液的喷入量,以保证SO2被充分吸收;
(C)CO的控制:所述CO排空量检测装置检测净化气体中未燃烧CO的含量并将检测结果传至所述控制终端,所述控制终端再反馈调节所述空气调节阀,快速调整空气的通入量,保证CO充分燃烧进而控制净化气体中的CO含量。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明中,所述旋流喷射吸附器利用超重力场中强化传质的原理,焚烧炉排出的烟气在所述旋流喷射吸附器可高速旋转,可将径向喷入的流线型吸附液切割雾化,同时进行除尘脱硫,不仅可以提高除尘脱硫效率,还可有效简化整个***。本发明还将所述CO检测装置、所述SO2检测装置、所述炉温检测装置整合到***中,实现对CO、SO2、温度的实时检测,并将检测信息转化成电信号传到所述控制终端,通过所述控制终端处理后,反馈调节燃气调节阀、空气调节阀和碱液调节阀,从而自动调整燃气、空气、碱液的通入量,通过这些关键量的自动控制调节,可确保炉温达到生产要求,同时使烟气中的粉尘被充分去除,SO2被充分吸收,通入焚烧炉中的CO充分燃烧,喷入的碱液被充分利用,从而提高生产效率,降低生产成本。本发明的焚烧除尘脱硫***可适用于复杂多变的工况,使焚烧***烟气的除尘脱硫效率始终保持在较高水平,从而提高脱硫除尘效率,降低成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明的焚烧除尘脱硫***的示意图;
图2为本发明的旋流喷射吸附器的示意图。
附图标记
控制终端1、CO通入量检测装置2、CO排空量检测装置3、温度检测装置4、焚烧炉5、SO2检测装置6、风机7、碱液调节阀8、循环泵9、气液分离器10、旋流喷射吸附器11、碱液缓冲罐12、燃气调节阀13、空气调节阀14。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例,对本发明作进一步说明。应理解,以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
图1所示为本发明一较佳实施例的焚烧除尘脱硫***,其包括控制终端1、焚烧炉5、循环泵9、气液分离器10、旋流喷射吸附器11和碱液缓冲罐12。
其中,焚烧炉5连有两根进气管道,分别为燃气管道和空气管道,燃气管道上设有CO通入量检测装置2和燃气调节阀13,空气管道上设有空气调节阀14;焚烧炉5上还设有温度检测装置4。旋流喷射吸附器11结构如图2所示,本发明中旋流喷射吸附器结构,可参见名称为“一种高效硫化氢气体吸收装置”,申请日是2016年9月21日,申请号是201610494578.6的发明。上部为旋流圆筒体,旋流圆筒体顶部设有切向接入的烟气入口,烟气入口与焚烧炉5的烟气出口接通;旋流圆筒体内部沿着中心轴线设有排气套管,排气套管顶端作为含液烟气出口伸出旋流喷射吸附器;旋流圆筒体侧壁外设有圆柱形外夹套,圆柱形外夹套与旋流筒体外壁连接构成水力喷射雾化室,旋流圆筒体侧壁上均匀开有小孔,圆柱形外夹套上端设有碱液入口,碱液入口与碱液缓冲罐12出口接通并通过循环泵9泵送碱液,循环泵9和旋流喷射吸附器11的碱液入口之间的管道上设有碱液调节阀8;旋流喷射吸附器11底部设有含硫含尘液出口。气液分离器10的入口与旋流喷射吸附器11的含液烟气出口接通,气液分离器10的液体出口与碱液缓冲罐12入口接通,气液分离器10的气体出口与排空管道接通,排空管道上设有CO排空量检测装置3、SO2检测装置6和风机7。
控制终端1为控制室中的计算机,CO通入量检测装置2、CO排空量检测装置3、温度检测装置4、SO2检测装置6、碱液调节阀8、燃气调节阀13和空气调节阀14分别与控制终端1连接交互。
工作时,含有CO的燃气与空气同时通入焚烧炉5中燃烧,燃烧后排出的含尘、含二氧化硫的烟气在风机的作用下,从烟气入口高速切向进入旋流喷射吸附器11中并切向高速旋转,同时碱液作为吸附液经循环泵9送入旋流喷射吸附器11。吸附液从旋流圆筒体侧壁的小孔喷入,径向喷入的流线型吸附液被切向高速旋转的烟气持续切割,形成无数吸附液雾滴。一方面,雾滴吸附聚并烟气中的粉尘颗粒,在离心力的作用下,含尘液滴沿旋流喷射吸附器的边壁流至底流口。另一方面,雾滴与烟气中的二氧化硫快速反应,经吸收后含尘含硫的吸附液从旋流喷射吸附器的底部的含硫含尘液出口流出,含少量吸附液的气体从旋流喷射吸附器顶部的含液烟气出口流出,然后进入气液分离器10,聚结回收的碱液流入碱液贮存罐12,气体自排空管道排出。
本发明的焚烧除尘脱硫***通过控制终端1自动控制调节各关键量,可适用于复杂多变的工况,使焚烧***烟气的除尘脱硫效率始终保持在较高水平,从而提高脱硫除尘效率,降低成本。具体的自动控制方法如下:
(A)炉温的控制:含有CO的燃气与空气同时通入焚烧炉5中燃烧,温度检测装置4检测炉膛温度并将检测结果传至控制终端1,控制终端1再反馈调节燃气调节阀13,调整燃气的通入量,同时,CO通入检测装置2检测到CO的通入量并将检测结果传至控制终端1,控制终端1反馈调节空气调节阀14,快速调整空气的通入量,保证CO充分燃烧。即可以通过调整燃气的通入量进行燃烧加热,使炉温能够达到生产要求的同时,又防止空气的通入量过大而增加能耗。
(B)SO2的控制:燃气在焚烧炉5中焚烧后,排出的含尘、含二氧化硫的烟气在风机7的作用下,从烟气入口高速切向进入旋流喷射吸附器11中并切向高速旋转,同时碱液作为吸附液经循环泵9送入旋流喷射吸附器11;经旋流喷射吸附器11除尘脱硫后的净化气体经排空管道排出,SO2检测装置6检测净化气体中SO2的含量并将检测结果传给控制终端1,控制终端1反馈调节碱液调节阀8调整碱液的喷入量,以保证SO2被充分吸收,达到排放标准,同时又可防止碱液的喷入量过大,降低生产成本。
(C)CO的控制:CO排空量检测装置3检测净化气体中未燃烧CO的含量并将检测结果传至控制终端1,控制终端1再反馈调节空气调节阀14,快速调整空气的通入量,保证CO充分燃烧进而控制净化气体中的CO含量,降低生产成本,减少环境污染。
较佳的,排气套管侧壁外还可设置圆柱形内夹套,圆柱形内夹套与排气套管侧壁连接也构成水力喷射雾化室,圆柱形内夹套外层均匀开有小孔;圆柱形内夹套上端也设有一个碱液入口。以此形成双夹套结构,旋流圆筒体可对向喷射碱液,可提高吸附效率和吸附效果。
较佳的,该***中,还可增设多个旋流喷射吸附器,可以是串联、并联,还可以是串联和并联相结合,可根据烟气中含硫气体的含量选择。
实施例1技术效果
在某石化公司的催化装置焚烧CO焚烧锅炉烟气的处理中,通过本发明的装置及控制方法,对烟气进行中的进行除尘脱硫处理,物料性质及相关参数为:
催化裂化CO焚烧锅炉烟气的流量为128761Nm3/h,初始温度为160℃,压力为5000Pa,NOX为350mg/Nm3,SO2为1500mg/Nm3,粉尘颗粒物的浓度为200mg/Nm3,H2O为10.1%。
旋流喷射吸附器11的操作压降为1~5000pa。
处理结果分析
烟气中的SO2浓度由1500mg/Nm3及以上降低至40mg/Nm3以下,脱硫总体效率在97%以上,粉尘浓度由200mg/Nm3及以上降低20mg/Nm3以下,粉尘的去除效率在90%以上。
可见本发明的焚烧除尘脱硫***可大大提高了除尘脱硫的效果与处理量。而且和其他工艺及装置相比,本发明的焚烧除尘脱硫***通过控制终端自动控制,可有效节省人力成本,能产生极大的经济效益。
以上已对本发明创造的较佳实施例进行了具体说明,但本发明创造并不限于实施例,熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明创新的前提下还可作出种种的等同的变型或替换,这些等同的变型或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种焚烧除尘脱硫***,其特征在于,其包括控制终端、焚烧炉、旋流喷射吸附器、气液分离器、碱液缓冲罐和循环泵;所述旋流喷射吸附器上部为旋流圆筒体,所述旋流圆筒体顶部设有切向接入的烟气入口,所述烟气入口与所述焚烧炉的烟气出口接通;所述旋流圆筒体内部沿着中心轴线设有一排气套管,所述排气套管顶端作为含液烟气出口伸出所述旋流喷射吸附器,所述含液烟气出口与所述气液分离器的入口接通;所述旋流圆筒体侧壁外设有圆柱形外夹套,所述圆柱形外夹套与旋流筒体外壁连接构成水力喷射雾化室,所述旋流圆筒体侧壁上均匀开有小孔,所述圆柱形外夹套上端设有一个碱液入口,所述碱液入口与所述碱液缓冲罐出口接通;所述旋流喷射吸附器底部设有含硫含尘液出口;所述循环泵安装在所述碱液入口和所述碱液缓冲罐出口之间;所述气液分离器的气体出口与排空管道接通,所述气液分离器的液体出口与所述碱液缓冲罐入口接通;所述排空管道上设有SO2检测装置,所述SO2检测装置与所述控制终端连接,所述循环泵和所述碱液入口之间的管道上设有碱液调节阀,所述碱液调节阀由所述控制终端连接控制。
2.如权利要求1所述的焚烧除尘脱硫***,其特征在于,所述排气套管侧壁外设有圆柱形内夹套,所述圆柱形内夹套与所述排气套管侧壁连接也构成水力喷射雾化室,所述圆柱形内夹套外层均匀开有小孔;所述圆柱形内夹套上端也设有一个碱液入口。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的焚烧除尘脱硫***,其特征在于,所述小孔孔径为0.5~5mm。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的焚烧除尘脱硫***,其特征在于,所述的旋流喷射吸附器为单级,或者为多级串连和/或并联。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的焚烧除尘脱硫***,其特征在于,所述排空管道上还设有风机。
6.如权利要求5所述的焚烧除尘脱硫***,其特征在于,所述焚烧炉连有两根进气管道,分别为燃气管道和空气管道;所述燃气管道上设有CO通入量检测装置,所述CO通入量检测装置与所述控制终端连接;所述燃气管道上和所述空气管道上分别设有燃气调节阀和空气调节阀,所述燃气调节阀和所述空气调节阀分别与所述控制终端连接。
7.如权利要求6所述的焚烧除尘脱硫***,其特征在于,所述排空管道上设有CO排空量检测装置,所述CO排空量检测装置与所述控制终端连接。
8.如权利要求7所述的焚烧除尘脱硫***,其特征在于,所述焚烧炉上还设有温度检测装置,所述温度检测装置与所述控制终端连接。
9.如权利要求8所述的焚烧除尘脱硫***的自动控制方法,其特征在于,其包括:
(A)炉温的控制:含有CO的燃气与空气同时通入所述焚烧炉中燃烧,所述温度检测装置检测炉膛温度并将检测结果传至所述控制终端,所述控制终端再反馈调节所述燃气调节阀,调整燃气的通入量,同时,所述CO通入检测装置检测到CO的通入量并将检测结果传至所述控制终端,所述控制终端反馈调节所述空气调节阀,快速调整空气的通入量,保证CO充分燃烧;
(B)SO2的控制:燃气在所述焚烧炉中焚烧后,排出的含尘、含二氧化硫的烟气在所述风机的作用下,从所述烟气入口高速切向进入所述旋流喷射吸附器中并切向高速旋转,同时碱液作为吸附液经所述循环泵送入所述旋流喷射吸附器;经所述旋流喷射吸附器除尘脱硫后的净化气体经所述排空管道排出,所述SO2检测装置检测净化气体中SO2的含量并将检测结果传给所述控制终端,所述控制终端反馈调节所述碱液调节阀调整碱液的喷入量,以保证SO2被充分吸收;
(C)CO的控制:所述CO排空量检测装置检测净化气体中未燃烧CO的含量并将检测结果传至所述控制终端,所述控制终端再反馈调节所述空气调节阀,快速调整空气的通入量,保证CO充分燃烧进而控制净化气体中的CO含量。
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CN105944542A (zh) | 2016-09-21 |
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CN107051064A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
CN106731444B (zh) | 2023-09-19 |
CN206897093U (zh) | 2018-01-19 |
CN106823576A (zh) | 2017-06-13 |
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