CN106709660A - BIM-based architectural design method - Google Patents
BIM-based architectural design method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A BIM-based architectural design method comprises the following steps: I, a concept and scheme phase; II, an early expansion phase; III, a construction drawing model phase; and IV, a construction drawing output phase. The BIM technology and the architectural design process are integrated, and the design process is transformed into a process of architectural construction informationization simulation. The large amount of data generated by informationization makes the design process more refined and deeper. The communication in the design process is more convenient and intuitive. Simulation brings a variety of analysis approaches, and improves the accuracy of verification and error check. A what-you-see-is-what-you-get model generated by BIM design is intuitive. The access threshold for project participants of different professional levels is lowered. Participants' understanding of the building tends to be the same. Error caused by different understanding is reduced. The quality and efficiency of communication are improved. Material loss caused by project mistakes is reduced, and a lot of social resources are saved. The method has positive social effects.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to BIM areas of information technology, the architectural design method of BIM is specifically based on.
Background technology
In the workflow of traditional architecture design, working space is relatively independent between each specialty so that linked up not between specialty
Flexibly, information interchange frequency leans on personnel's attainment by system, information interchange quality, bad this results in coordinating between specialty, coordinating.
Common problem is as follows in traditional design mode：
Information flow is unidirectional：Refer to that data are only converged to one specialty of building, there is no data exchange between each specialty
Information flow is coarse：Refer to that the data that each specialty is provided is not accurate enough, carry senior degree and do not know, requirement implements feelings
Condition is opaque
Information flow isolates：Refer to that information only flows between specific specialty, the slightly weak specialty of other contacts cannot get the information.
Information flow unstability：Refer to that information flow flow direction is uncertain, if receive uncertain, if checking is uncertain, if
Need feedback uncertain
Information flow misalignment：Refer to comprising substantial amounts of wrong data in information flow.
BIM is BIM（Building Information Modeling）Architectural design method, due to each special
Industry is combined closely on hub file this platform, especially electromechanical speciality, it has to be bundled in same file, to model
The modification direct reaction made result in the compact of information flow on model.And due to the intuitive of model, reduce explanation
Time, the effect for enhancing communication, the link for reducing exchange, ensure that the stabilization of information is accurate, while also improving design
Quality.The three-dimensional simulation mode of operation of BIM truly reflects the situation of architecture construction, and records related full and accurate data message,
And be fully exposed design problem, by many problem transparences, this allows that many construction problems are found solution in advance
Certainly, the reasonability and quality of architectural design are fundamentally improve, this is compared with the change in later stage, with huge economy effect
Benefit and value.
And the difference due to BIM technology with traditional conceptual design work substantially, the work of designer is have impact on indirectly
Flow.BIM design processes are that the information synergism behavior of real-time interactive is carried out based on same platform, and whole process can be produced largely
Information, how organizational information, when organize whom which type of information is supplied to, how to be actually using the information etc. for obtaining
The higher management of BIM design works.Different from CAD design, this link is managed because many information are exchanged, caused on stream
The cooperation of multi-specialized must be paid close attention to, but BIM is a new things, especially in the design production phase, also it is not entered at present
Row operation and the maturation method of management, cause many design companies cannot effective operation BIM production lines.
The content of the invention
The present invention is proposed to solve the problems, such as prior art, set the purpose is to provide a kind of building based on BIM
Meter method.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of architectural design method based on BIM, comprises the following steps：
I concepts and conceptual level：
（1）Conceptual design：Building block combination electromechanical module is by the way that to sunykatuib analyses such as place and environment, designer carries out concept
Design, determines the scheme scale of construction and function division, builds figure model；
（2）Scheme comparison：On the basis of conceptual design, inheriting the optimal scale of construction carries out Project Creation, is taken on the basis of body block models
Build analysis model and be simulated analysis, scheme comparison is carried out by analyze data and composite factor, structure model selection is estimated, it is determined that most
Excellent scheme；
（3）Project demand is evaluated：Building block, construction module, the designer of electromechanical module carry out project demand evaluation, build mould
Block designer's description scheme, estimates structure model selection and component situation, preliminarily forms electromechanical demand；
（4）Scheme is deepened：Designer deepens to scheme, and scheme model is set up on the basis of analysis model, preliminary completion side
Case is designed；
（5）Scheme determines to evaluate：Building block, construction module, electromechanical module designer carry out scheme and determine to evaluate；Building block
Designer describes bid-winning scheme, with Structural module design people's export structure form and main member size, is designed with electromechanical module
People determines device rooms, the position of pipe well and area.
（6）Completion scheme achievement：Building block integrated structure module, electromechanical module result of design carry out scheme modifying, complete
Kind scheme model simultaneously sets up Center for Architecture document data bank, forms conceptual level achievement；In construction module Utilization plan model
Structural elements, it is preliminary to confirm structure type and main member size by multi-scheme than selecting；Electromechanical module sets up electromechanical center text
Part database, forms scheme model, through scheme comparison and tentatively puts position, primarily determines that device rooms, the position of pipe well and area；
II expands the just stage：
（7）Scheme continues：Building block inherits conceptual level achievement, creates and expands preliminary cast, supplements necessary information, is Project Coordination
Evaluation is prepared：
（8）Project Coordination is evaluated
Building block, construction module, electromechanical module designer participate in Project Coordination evaluation, electromechanical in advance to meet collaborative design
Module intervention time, evaluating needs clearly key floor position, and building block, construction module, electromechanical module preferentially carry out key stratum
Design；
Building block and the clear and definite building construction way of Structural module design people, primarily determine that outer eaves form, basement roof absolute altitude
With earthing situation and room；
Building block and the clear and definite device rooms of electromechanical module designer and pipe well position and requirement；Construction module, electromechanical module set
Meter people determines furred ceiling absolute altitude, gutter, catch pit position；
（9）Expand just design
Integration project Collaborative Evaluation opinion, construction module sets up structure centre document data bank, and integrated structure zooming carries out model
Modification；
Building block link structure hub file, carries out expanding preliminary cast in-depth, and designer is according to designing points alternative model
Wall, surface layer and roofing element race, or according to circumstances built again；
Electromechanical module Prediction System simultaneously distributes route, while carrying out the drafting of system diagram and tentatively writing for explanation；
（10）Formation stages achievement
Building block, construction module complete key stratum and necessary design of node, formation stages model, there is provided carried out to electromechanical module
Electromechanical model foundation；
Electromechanical module inherits conceptual level achievement, and link Center for Architecture document data bank, structure centre document data bank carry out machine
Electricity expands just design, and sophisticated systems design carries out middle route preliminary comprehensive；
（11）Complete to expand just achievement
Building block, the electromechanical hub file database of construction module link, carry out collaborative design, improve and expand preliminary cast, complete to expand
First achievement；
Electromechanical module carries out collaborative design with building block, construction module, determines that main road, by trend and important computer room pendulum position, is completed
Main road by and key stratum expand preliminary cast, complete expand just achievement；
（12）Complete to expand just achievement
Building block, the electromechanical hub file database of construction module link, carry out collaborative design, improve and expand preliminary cast, complete to expand
First achievement；
Electromechanical module carries out collaborative design with building block, construction module, determines that main road, by trend and important computer room pendulum position, is completed
Main road by and key stratum expand preliminary cast, complete expand just achievement；
The III construction drawing model stages
（13）In-depth construction graph model
Inherit and expand preliminary cast, building, structure, electromechanical hub file model are loaded into good time, carry out collaborative design, improve design node
And the construction drawing design such as component details, construction graph model is deepened, complete this professional work according to first sentence content；
（14）The first sentence is evaluated
Building block, construction module, electromechanical module designer carry out first sentence evaluation, and confirmation core is carried out to first kind critical data
It is right；
（15）Improve construction graph model
Building block, construction module, electromechanical module designer combine first sentence evaluation result, deepen construction drawing design, are loaded into good time
Building, structure, electromechanical hub file model carry out collaborative design, construction graph model are carried out perfect, meet construction drawing and go out figure need
Ask.
Electromechanical module is basically completed construction graph model, completes the comprehensive design of supervisor's deferent and solves collision problem.
（16）Plus second trial evaluation, building block, construction module, electromechanical module designer are carried out really to Equations of The Second Kind critical data
Recognize verification；
（17）Complete construction graph model
This stage building block, construction module, electromechanical module collaborative design are basically completed, and building block, construction module complete to apply
Work graph model is changed, and electromechanical speciality completes construction graph model and sets up, and it is comprehensive to complete the main pipe without end, is that model goes out figure and does
Prepare.
IV construction drawings go out the figure stage
（18）Construction drawing goes out figure
Building block, construction module in-depth construction drawing layout design, directly generate drawing, and noted using graph model of constructing
Release, the drawing refinement work such as mark forms out graph model, while carry out drawing planning, complete whole construction drawings explanations, calculate and
Drawing achievement；
Electromechanical module completion end of line pipe is comprehensive, completes construction drawing model modification and simultaneously deepens construction drawing layout design, using construction
Graph model directly generates drawing, and is annotated, the drawing refinement work such as mark, graph model is formed out, while carrying out drawing rule
Draw, complete whole construction drawing explanations using multiple means, calculate and drawing achievement.
（19）Complete construction drawing achievement
Model and drawing are carried out final arrangement by building block, construction module, electromechanical module, go out figure printing, complete construction drawing
Phased Achievements.
The present invention blends BIM technology and process of architecture design, converts design process in order to architecture construction is information-based
Simulation process；Mass data produced by informationization so that design process subtilizedization, depth；Friendship in design process
Stream is more convenient, directly perceived；And simulate the precision for bringing various analysis, improving verification debugging.The institute that BIM designs are produced
Seeing the model of i.e. gained has intuitively characteristic, reduces the access threshold of the engineering participant of different majors level so that each
Participant is convergent to the understanding of the building, the error caused by reducing because understanding difference, also improves the quality and efficiency of communication,
Not only reduce outside the loss of material that engineering error is caused, and saved substantial amounts of social resources, with positive society's effect
Should.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter, referring to the drawings and embodiment the present invention is described in detail：
A kind of architectural design method based on BIM, comprises the following steps：
I concepts and conceptual level：
（1）Conceptual design：Building block combination electromechanical module is by the way that to sunykatuib analyses such as place and environment, designer carries out concept
Design, determines the scheme scale of construction and function division, builds figure model；
（2）Scheme comparison：On the basis of conceptual design, inheriting the optimal scale of construction carries out Project Creation, is taken on the basis of body block models
Build analysis model and be simulated analysis, scheme comparison is carried out by analyze data and composite factor, structure model selection is estimated, it is determined that most
Excellent scheme；
（3）Project demand is evaluated：Building block, construction module, the designer of electromechanical module carry out project demand evaluation, build mould
Block designer's description scheme, estimates structure model selection and component situation, preliminarily forms electromechanical demand；
（4）Scheme is deepened：Designer deepens to scheme, and scheme model is set up on the basis of analysis model, preliminary completion side
Case is designed；
（5）Scheme determines to evaluate：Building block, construction module, electromechanical module designer carry out scheme and determine to evaluate；Building block
Designer describes bid-winning scheme, with Structural module design people's export structure form and main member size, is designed with electromechanical module
People determines device rooms, the position of pipe well and area.
（6）Completion scheme achievement：Building block integrated structure module, electromechanical module result of design carry out scheme modifying, complete
Kind scheme model simultaneously sets up Center for Architecture document data bank, forms conceptual level achievement；In construction module Utilization plan model
Structural elements, it is preliminary to confirm structure type and main member size by multi-scheme than selecting；Electromechanical module sets up electromechanical center text
Part database, forms scheme model, through scheme comparison and tentatively puts position, primarily determines that device rooms, the position of pipe well and area；
II expands the just stage：
（7）Scheme continues：Building block inherits conceptual level achievement, creates and expands preliminary cast, supplements necessary information, is Project Coordination
Evaluation is prepared：
（8）Project Coordination is evaluated
Building block, construction module, electromechanical module designer participate in Project Coordination evaluation, electromechanical in advance to meet collaborative design
Module intervention time, evaluating needs clearly key floor position, and building block, construction module, electromechanical module preferentially carry out key stratum
Design；
Building block and the clear and definite building construction way of Structural module design people, primarily determine that outer eaves form, basement roof absolute altitude
With earthing situation and room；
Building block and the clear and definite device rooms of electromechanical module designer and pipe well position and requirement；Construction module, electromechanical module set
Meter people determines furred ceiling absolute altitude, gutter, catch pit position；
（9）Expand just design
Integration project Collaborative Evaluation opinion, construction module sets up structure centre document data bank, and integrated structure zooming carries out model
Modification；
Building block link structure hub file, carries out expanding preliminary cast in-depth, and designer is according to designing points alternative model
Wall, surface layer and roofing element race, or according to circumstances built again；
Electromechanical module Prediction System simultaneously distributes route, while carrying out the drafting of system diagram and tentatively writing for explanation；
（10）Formation stages achievement
Building block, construction module complete key stratum and necessary design of node, formation stages model, there is provided carried out to electromechanical module
Electromechanical model foundation；
Electromechanical module inherits conceptual level achievement, and link Center for Architecture document data bank, structure centre document data bank carry out machine
Electricity expands just design, and sophisticated systems design carries out middle route preliminary comprehensive；
（11）Complete to expand just achievement
Building block, the electromechanical hub file database of construction module link, carry out collaborative design, improve and expand preliminary cast, complete to expand
First achievement；
Electromechanical module carries out collaborative design with building block, construction module, determines that main road, by trend and important computer room pendulum position, is completed
Main road by and key stratum expand preliminary cast, complete expand just achievement；
（12）Complete to expand just achievement
Building block, the electromechanical hub file database of construction module link, carry out collaborative design, improve and expand preliminary cast, complete to expand
First achievement；
Electromechanical module carries out collaborative design with building block, construction module, determines that main road, by trend and important computer room pendulum position, is completed
Main road by and key stratum expand preliminary cast, complete expand just achievement；
The III construction drawing model stages
（13）In-depth construction graph model
Inherit and expand preliminary cast, building, structure, electromechanical hub file model are loaded into good time, carry out collaborative design, improve design node
And the construction drawing design such as component details, construction graph model is deepened, complete this professional work according to first sentence content；
（14）The first sentence is evaluated
Building block, construction module, electromechanical module designer carry out first sentence evaluation, and confirmation core is carried out to first kind critical data
It is right；
（15）Improve construction graph model
Building block, construction module, electromechanical module designer combine first sentence evaluation result, deepen construction drawing design, are loaded into good time
Building, structure, electromechanical hub file model carry out collaborative design, construction graph model are carried out perfect, meet construction drawing and go out figure need
Ask.
Electromechanical module is basically completed construction graph model, completes the comprehensive design of supervisor's deferent and solves collision problem.
（16）Plus second trial evaluation, building block, construction module, electromechanical module designer are carried out really to Equations of The Second Kind critical data
Recognize verification；
（17）Complete construction graph model
This stage building block, construction module, electromechanical module collaborative design are basically completed, and building block, construction module complete to apply
Work graph model is changed, and electromechanical speciality completes construction graph model and sets up, and it is comprehensive to complete the main pipe without end, is that model goes out figure and does
Prepare.
IV construction drawings go out the figure stage
（18）Construction drawing goes out figure
Building block, construction module in-depth construction drawing layout design, directly generate drawing, and noted using graph model of constructing
Release, the drawing refinement work such as mark forms out graph model, while carry out drawing planning, complete whole construction drawings explanations, calculate and
Drawing achievement；
Electromechanical module completion end of line pipe is comprehensive, completes construction drawing model modification and simultaneously deepens construction drawing layout design, using construction
Graph model directly generates drawing, and is annotated, the drawing refinement work such as mark, graph model is formed out, while carrying out drawing rule
Draw, complete whole construction drawing explanations using multiple means, calculate and drawing achievement.
（19）Complete construction drawing achievement
Model and drawing are carried out final arrangement by building block, construction module, electromechanical module, go out figure printing, complete construction drawing
Phased Achievements.
The step（7）Include：
A inherits scheme model, and carrying out branch, model scope etc. according to factors such as scale of the project and built by separate periods divides, using regarding
Figure management, divides working set etc., is formed and expands preliminary cast；
B sets up place model according to landform, and Primary Location is carried out to building, links initial land form figure, will according to measurement coordinate
Landform place is properly positioned, and sets coordinate system, specifies due north and project north；
The clear and definite design parameters of c and requirement：Floor height, room functions, fire compartment, construction way, roofing substantially to scheme do
Method, room control clear height to be confirmed, the material type selecting such as unified wall, surface layer；
The step（14）In first kind critical data include：The change of floor absolute altitude, cantilever part and main outer eaves way, base
Hole position, heights of ceilings, stair, ramp, each professional pipe well position.
The step（16）In Equations of The Second Kind critical data include：The position of Equipment Foundations, size, absolute altitude, shear wall, hold
Weight wall preformed hole, hole position and size, such as：Fresh air, air draft, exhaust opening, fire hydrant etc..
The present invention blends BIM technology and process of architecture design, converts design process in order to architecture construction is information-based
Simulation process；Mass data produced by informationization so that design process subtilizedization, depth；Friendship in design process
Stream is more convenient, directly perceived；And simulate the precision for bringing various analysis, improving verification debugging.The institute that BIM designs are produced
Seeing the model of i.e. gained has intuitively characteristic, reduces the access threshold of the engineering participant of different majors level so that each
Participant is convergent to the understanding of the building, the error caused by reducing because understanding difference, also improves the quality and efficiency of communication,
Not only reduce outside the loss of material that engineering error is caused, and saved substantial amounts of social resources, with positive society's effect
Should.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of architectural design method based on BIM, comprises the following steps：
I concepts and conceptual level：
（1）Conceptual design：Building block combination electromechanical module is by the way that to sunykatuib analyses such as place and environment, designer carries out concept
Design, determines the scheme scale of construction and function division, builds figure model；
（2）Scheme comparison：On the basis of conceptual design, inheriting the optimal scale of construction carries out Project Creation, is taken on the basis of body block models
Build analysis model and be simulated analysis, scheme comparison is carried out by analyze data and composite factor, structure model selection is estimated, it is determined that most
Excellent scheme；
（3）Project demand is evaluated：Building block, construction module, the designer of electromechanical module carry out project demand evaluation, build mould
Block designer's description scheme, estimates structure model selection and component situation, preliminarily forms electromechanical demand；
（4）Scheme is deepened：Designer deepens to scheme, and scheme model is set up on the basis of analysis model, preliminary completion side
Case is designed；
（5）Scheme determines to evaluate：Building block, construction module, electromechanical module designer carry out scheme and determine to evaluate；Building block
Designer describes bid-winning scheme, with Structural module design people's export structure form and main member size, is designed with electromechanical module
People determines device rooms, the position of pipe well and area；
（6）Completion scheme achievement：Building block integrated structure module, electromechanical module result of design carry out scheme modifying, improve side
Case model simultaneously sets up Center for Architecture document data bank, forms conceptual level achievement；Structure in construction module Utilization plan model
Component, it is preliminary to confirm structure type and main member size by multi-scheme than selecting；Electromechanical module sets up electromechanical hub file number
According to storehouse, scheme model is formed, through scheme comparison and tentatively put position, primarily determine that device rooms, the position of pipe well and area；
II expands the just stage：
（7）Scheme continues：Building block inherits conceptual level achievement, creates and expands preliminary cast, supplements necessary information, is Project Coordination
Evaluation is prepared：
（8）Project Coordination is evaluated
Building block, construction module, electromechanical module designer participate in Project Coordination evaluation, electromechanical in advance to meet collaborative design
Module intervention time, evaluating needs clearly key floor position, and building block, construction module, electromechanical module preferentially carry out key stratum
Design；
Building block and the clear and definite building construction way of Structural module design people, primarily determine that outer eaves form, basement roof absolute altitude
With earthing situation and room；
Building block and the clear and definite device rooms of electromechanical module designer and pipe well position and requirement；Construction module, electromechanical module set
Meter people determines furred ceiling absolute altitude, gutter, catch pit position；
（9）Expand just design
Integration project Collaborative Evaluation opinion, construction module sets up structure centre document data bank, and integrated structure zooming carries out model
Modification；
Building block link structure hub file, carries out expanding preliminary cast in-depth, and designer is according to designing points alternative model
Wall, surface layer and roofing element race, or according to circumstances built again；
Electromechanical module Prediction System simultaneously distributes route, while carrying out the drafting of system diagram and tentatively writing for explanation；
（10）Formation stages achievement
Building block, construction module complete key stratum and necessary design of node, formation stages model, there is provided carried out to electromechanical module
Electromechanical model foundation；
Electromechanical module inherits conceptual level achievement, and link Center for Architecture document data bank, structure centre document data bank carry out machine
Electricity expands just design, and sophisticated systems design carries out middle route preliminary comprehensive；
（11）Complete to expand just achievement
Building block, the electromechanical hub file database of construction module link, carry out collaborative design, improve and expand preliminary cast, complete to expand
First achievement；
Electromechanical module carries out collaborative design with building block, construction module, determines that main road, by trend and important computer room pendulum position, is completed
Main road by and key stratum expand preliminary cast, complete expand just achievement；
（12）Complete to expand just achievement
Building block, the electromechanical hub file database of construction module link, carry out collaborative design, improve and expand preliminary cast, complete to expand
First achievement；
Electromechanical module carries out collaborative design with building block, construction module, determines that main road, by trend and important computer room pendulum position, is completed
Main road by and key stratum expand preliminary cast, complete expand just achievement；
The III construction drawing model stages
（13）In-depth construction graph model
Inherit and expand preliminary cast, building, structure, electromechanical hub file model are loaded into good time, carry out collaborative design, improve design node
And the construction drawing design such as component details, construction graph model is deepened, complete this professional work according to first sentence content；
（14）The first sentence is evaluated
Building block, construction module, electromechanical module designer carry out first sentence evaluation, and confirmation core is carried out to first kind critical data
It is right；
（15）Improve construction graph model
Building block, construction module, electromechanical module designer combine first sentence evaluation result, deepen construction drawing design, are loaded into good time
Building, structure, electromechanical hub file model carry out collaborative design, construction graph model are carried out perfect, meet construction drawing and go out figure need
Ask；
Electromechanical module is basically completed construction graph model, completes the comprehensive design of supervisor's deferent and solves collision problem；
（16）Plus second trial evaluation, building block, construction module, electromechanical module designer carry out confirmation core to Equations of The Second Kind critical data
It is right；
（17）Complete construction graph model
This stage building block, construction module, electromechanical module collaborative design are basically completed, and building block, construction module complete to apply
Work graph model is changed, and electromechanical speciality completes construction graph model and sets up, and it is comprehensive to complete the main pipe without end, is that model goes out figure and does
Prepare；
IV construction drawings go out the figure stage
（18）Construction drawing goes out figure
Building block, construction module in-depth construction drawing layout design, directly generate drawing, and noted using graph model of constructing
Release, the drawing refinement work such as mark forms out graph model, while carry out drawing planning, complete whole construction drawings explanations, calculate and
Drawing achievement；
Electromechanical module completion end of line pipe is comprehensive, completes construction drawing model modification and simultaneously deepens construction drawing layout design, using construction
Graph model directly generates drawing, and is annotated, the drawing refinement work such as mark, graph model is formed out, while carrying out drawing rule
Draw, complete whole construction drawing explanations using multiple means, calculate and drawing achievement；
（19）Complete construction drawing achievement
Model and drawing are carried out final arrangement by building block, construction module, electromechanical module, go out figure printing, complete construction drawing
Phased Achievements.
2. the architectural design method based on BIM according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（7）Include：
A inherits scheme model, and carrying out branch, model scope etc. according to factors such as scale of the project and built by separate periods divides, using regarding
Figure management, divides working set etc., is formed and expands preliminary cast；
B sets up place model according to landform, and Primary Location is carried out to building, links initial land form figure, will according to measurement coordinate
Landform place is properly positioned, and sets coordinate system, specifies due north and project north；
The clear and definite design parameters of c and requirement：Floor height, room functions, fire compartment, construction way, roofing substantially to scheme do
Method, room control clear height to be confirmed, the material type selecting such as unified wall, surface layer.
3. the architectural design method based on BIM according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（14）In
One class critical data includes：The change of floor absolute altitude, cantilever part and main outer eaves way, foundation ditch position, heights of ceilings, building
Ladder, ramp, each professional pipe well position.
4. the data message based on BIM according to claim 1 counts screening technique, it is characterised in that：The step
（16）In Equations of The Second Kind critical data include：The position of Equipment Foundations, size, absolute altitude, shear wall, load bearing wall preformed hole, hole position
Put and size.
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