CN106680460A - Pollutant transport model device under saturated-unsaturated soil medium conditions - Google Patents
Pollutant transport model device under saturated-unsaturated soil medium conditions Download PDFInfo
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- CN106680460A CN106680460A CN201611113693.0A CN201611113693A CN106680460A CN 106680460 A CN106680460 A CN 106680460A CN 201611113693 A CN201611113693 A CN 201611113693A CN 106680460 A CN106680460 A CN 106680460A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 title abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 154
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004635 Polyester fiberglass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013028 medium composition Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 13
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002984 plastic foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000004280 healthy diet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003895 groundwater pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pollutant transport model device under saturated-unsaturated soil medium conditions. The pollutant transport model device is formed by three parts of a main body part, a constant water level water tank and a solute spraying device, wherein the main body part is connected with the constant water level water tank through a transparent flexible pipe; the solute spraying device is arranged on the upper end of the main body part. Compared with a previous saturated soil medium model, a transport model designed by the invention can be used for comprehensively and actually describing soil original structure distribution types under an outdoor natural situation, and a simulation test result is more scientific; the transport model disclosed by the invention has the advantages that pollutants are continuously poured, and the whole medium condition of the transport model is enabled not to change, i.e., improvement is carried out on the basis of the working principle of an original Markov bottle, and a low flow speed state is enabled to be kept on the premise that the flow speed is constant, so that the practicability of the transport model is directly increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pollute under groundwater pollution simulation calculating field, more particularly to saturated-unsaturated zones soil ambient condition
Thing migration models device.
Background technology
With social city, technicalization, hommization development, agricultural obtained vigorous growth, increasing soil
Ground is employed, and the thing followed is showing for the increase of soil pollution and grain and food safety problem.
And with the popularization of humanity concept, and the composition of new harmonious society, it is very in desulfurization remediation contaminated soil
It is necessary.
With State Council《Ten, soil》Issuing and implementation, soil contamination problem becomes the focus of people's growing interest, and soil is dirty
The seriousness of dye threatens the national economic development, the development of particularly serious slow agricultural economy.The pollution of soil also affects people
Healthy diet safety, being mainly manifested in grain and food safe mass cannot ensure, face obstruction economic development and healthy diet
The two fold problem of safety, the control of soil pollution is needed badly and brought into schedule.The essence of soil pollution is that pollutant enter soil
Irreversible pollution disaster is caused in medium, therefore, it is preventing and treating to study transportion and transformation of the pollutant in soil media
One of primary work of soil pollution.Under field conditions (factors), there is unsaturation-saturated media condition in soil media, therefore this migration
The goal of the invention of model is exactly Transport of the simulating pollution thing under unsaturation-saturated soil ambient condition.
The content of the invention
The application provides contaminant transportation model equipment under saturated-unsaturated zones soil ambient condition, in solving prior art
The technical problem such as measurement error is big, indoor pollutant transition process, classifying rationally under the conditions of Synthetic soil solution saturated-unsaturated zones
The saturated-unsaturated zones condition of model soil media, correct measurement saturated zone soil media part piezometric level value and unsaturation
Moisture content with soil media part, discloses Transport of the pollutant in unsaturation-saturated soil medium, is soil pollution
Administer and experimental study support is provided.
The present invention is employed the following technical solutions：
Contaminant transportation model equipment under saturated-unsaturated zones soil ambient condition, under the saturated-unsaturated zones soil ambient condition
Contaminant transportation model equipment is made up of main part, three parts of constant water level water tank and solute flusher, the main body
Part is connected with constant water level water tank by transparent hose, and solute flusher is located at main part upper end；The main part
It is made up of apopore, pot clay end, PVC polyester glass cylinder, depressimeter, sand post, pressure-measuring pipe and layer of sand, the apopore, potter's clay
Head, depressimeter and pressure-measuring pipe are located in PVC polyester glass cylinder, and sand post and layer of sand are located in PVC polyester glass cylinder, described
The closed bottom as test model in one end of PVC polyester glass cylinder, the other end of PVC polyester glass cylinder is used as test mould
The upper end of type；From the position perforate apart from bottom 1cm, the apopore of model is set to, in the surface of apopore the same side
Pressure-measuring pipe is set at 19cm, 29cm and 39cm, and the material of pressure-measuring pipe adopts transparent plastic hose；In apopore the same side just
Depressimeter is installed at top 54cm, 63.5cm, 74cm and 84cm；Just to the side of apopore, respectively apart from bottom
Pot clay end is installed for extracting water sample at 15cm, 25cm, 35cm, 50cm, 60cm, 70cm and 80cm；Apart from PVC polyester glass
Glass cylinder bottom 45cm and the both sides of apopore are orthogonal to, are respectively equipped with a water inlet pipe, water inlet pipe stretches into layer of sand, puts in length
For 6cm, and the 6cm parts to stretching into carry out punching process, and hole count is designed as 9, and ensures that 9 holes are uniformly distributed in entering department
Point, the intended diameter in hole is 1mm, and soil media is filled with the PVC polyester glass cylinder, screens particle diameter 1-2mm's first
Sand filling PVC polyester glass cylinder bottom, filling height is 10cm, and pestle forms in fact layer of sand after filling, completes PVC polyester glass
After the filling of glass cylindrical base sand, in the gauze that the upper berth apertured footpath of layer of sand is 1mm so as to be completely covered on layer of sand surface, then
Filling test soil sample, loads and modifies smooth the stopping test soil sample at PVC polyester glass cylinder bottom 44cm is filled to,
Lay the gauze of aperture 1mm in test soil sample surface so as to be completely covered on test soil sample surface, the high sands of 1cm are loaded again
Sand post is formed, sand post is flattened, the gauze of aperture 1mm is laid so as to sand post surface is completely covered on, continuing filling test soil sample makes
Thereon surface distance bottom be 90cm till and keep test soil sample upper surface it is smooth；The constant water level water tank is by switch valve
Door, PVC polyester square water tank, polyester water tank and V-groove composition, PVC polyester its length of side of square water tank is 30cm, wherein
A proximal surface be provided with a bottom surface length of side for 30cm, the polyester water tank of high 20cm is arranged on PVC polyester square water tank
One V-groove, for keeping constant water level 45cm, the V-groove is located at intersecting for PVC polyester square water tank and polyester water tank
On face, two openings are set from PVC polyester square water tank bottom, using in transparent hose connection PVC polyester glass cylinder
Two water inlet pipes, and controlled valve is set on two transparent hoses；The solute flusher is with the substantially former of geneva bottle
Reason, the elongated PVC polyester cylindrical tube two ends of an interior diameter 10cm, length for 60cm are sealed, and take elongated PVC polyester cylindrical tube
One end is used as top disc, and the other end is bottom disc, and the transparent plastic of length 20cm, external diameter 10mm, internal diameter 8mm is soft
Pipe is arranged at the diameter of the top disc center of circle 1/4, is feed tube, and the other end of feed tube is connected to the length of side for the poly- of 30cm
The bottom of ester square water tank, feed tube is provided with a feed tube controlled valve, another with respect to feed tube on the disc of top
Side installation length 70cm, external diameter 10mm, the plastic conduit of internal diameter 8mm, plastic conduit is parallel to stretch into elongated PVC polyester circle
Inside column jecket, plastic conduit outside exposed length is 11cm, and arranges plastic conduit controlled valve in outside exposed portion,
In bottom, disc is provided with 13 bleed openings, and it is 10- that the connecting material of bleed opening chooses external diameter 1mm, internal diameter for 0.8mm, length
The transparent plastic small hose of 15cm, one end of every transparent plastic small hose connects 13 bleed openings of bottom disc, and ensures
Every transparent plastic small hose without appearing inside elongated PVC polyester cylindrical tube, use by the other end of 13 transparent plastic small hoses
Light plastic cystosepiment is fixed, and the exposure length of every transparent plastic small hose is 1cm, and light plastic foam is ensured during installation
Plate keeps level, i.e., parallel PVC polyester glass cylinder upper surface.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the application：The external diameter of the PVC polyester glass cylinder is 20cm, and internal diameter is
19cm, length is 120cm.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the application：The apopore internal diameter is 8mm.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the application：The external diameter of the pressure-measuring pipe is 10mm, and internal diameter is 8mm.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the application：The water inlet pipe is external diameter 10mm, and internal diameter 8mm, length is 10cm
Plastic rigid pipe.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the application：The position distribution of 13 bleed openings each bleed openings is, circle
Heart position is a bleed opening, then draws concentric circular as radius using 1/4 bottom disc diameter, makes the interior of two concentric circulars
Cut regular hexagon, it is ensured that two orthohexagonal sides are parallel, choose short orthohexagonal 6 vertex positions of the length of side to ooze out
Mouthful, the center on orthohexagonal each side of length of side length is chosen in last 6 bleed opening positions.
Contaminant transportation model equipment adopts above technical scheme under herein described saturated-unsaturated zones soil ambient condition
Compared with prior art, with following technique effect：
1. the more conventional saturated soil dielectric model of the migration models of the application design more can comprehensively and truly portray field nature
The soil prototype structure distribution pattern of situation, its analog reslt is more scientific.
2. migration models disclosed in the present application have and persistently put into pollutant and can guarantee that model integral medium condition does not change
The advantage of change, i.e., be made that improvement on the basis of original geneva bottle operation principle, can be on the premise of constant flow rate so as to
A slow flow state is kept, the practicality of model is directly enhanced.
3. experimental data error is little.
4. simple to operate, it is with low cost.
Description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals：1st, apopore, 2, pot clay end, 3, controlled valve, 4, PVC polyester square water tank, 5, polyester
Water tank, 6, V-groove, 7, transparent plastic small hose, 8, light plastic cystosepiment, 9, feed tube controlled valve, 10, polyester square
Water tank, 11, plastic conduit, 12, plastic conduit controlled valve, 13, elongated PVC polyester cylindrical tube, 14, PVC polyester glass
Cylinder, 15, depressimeter, 16, sand post, 17, pressure-measuring pipe, 18, layer of sand.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the application is described in further detail with reference to Figure of description.
Embodiment 1：
As shown in Figure 1, under saturated-unsaturated zones soil ambient condition contaminant transportation model equipment by main part, constant water
Three parts of position water tank and solute flusher constitute, and the main part is connected with constant water level water tank by transparent hose,
Solute flusher is located at main part upper end.
The main part is by apopore 1, pot clay end 2, PVC polyester glass cylinder 14, depressimeter 15, sand post 16, pressure measurement
Pipe 17 and layer of sand 18 are constituted, and the apopore 1, pot clay end 2, depressimeter 15 and pressure-measuring pipe 17 are located at PVC polyester glass cylinder 14
On, sand post 16 and layer of sand 18 are located in PVC polyester glass cylinder 14, and the external diameter of the PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 is 20cm, interior
Footpath is 19cm, and length is 120cm, the closed bottom as test model in one end of the PVC polyester glass cylinder 14, and PVC gathers
Upper end of the other end of ester glass cylinder 14 as test model；From the position perforate apart from bottom 1cm, going out for model is set to
Water hole 1, the internal diameter of the apopore 1 is 8mm, and pressure-measuring pipe is arranged at surface 19cm, 29cm and 39cm of the same side of apopore 1
17, the external diameter of the pressure-measuring pipe 17 is 10mm, and internal diameter is 8mm, and the material of pressure-measuring pipe 17 adopts transparent plastic hose；In water outlet
Depressimeter 15 is installed at surface 54cm, 63.5cm, 74cm and 84cm of the same side of hole 1；Just to the side of apopore 1,
Respectively pot clay end 2 is being installed at bottom 15cm, 25cm, 35cm, 50cm, 60cm, 70cm and 80cm for extracting water sample；
Apart from the bottom 45cm of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 and the both sides of apopore 1 are being orthogonal to, are being respectively equipped with a water inlet pipe, it is described
Water inlet pipe is external diameter 10mm, and internal diameter 8mm, length is the plastic rigid pipe of 10cm, and water inlet pipe stretches into layer of sand, and it is 6cm to put in length, and
6cm parts to stretching into carry out punching process, and hole count is designed as 9, and 9 holes of guarantee are uniformly distributed in and stretch into part, hole
Intended diameter is 1mm, and soil media is filled with the PVC polyester glass cylinder 14, and the sand filling of particle diameter 1mm is screened first
The bottom of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14, filling height is 10cm, and pestle forms in fact layer of sand 18 after filling, completes PVC polyester glass circle
After the bottom sand filling of post 14, in the gauze that the upper berth apertured footpath of layer of sand 18 is 1mm so as to be completely covered on the surface of layer of sand 18,
Reloading test soil sample, loads and modifies the stopping test soil sample at the bottom 44cm of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 is filled to
It is smooth, test the gauze that aperture 1mm is laid on soil sample surface so as to be completely covered on test soil sample surface, it is high that 1cm is loaded again
Sand forms sand post 16, and leveling sand post 16 lays the gauze of aperture 1mm so as to be completely covered on the surface of sand post 16, continues to load
Test soil sample make thereon surface distance bottom be 90cm till and keep test soil sample upper surface it is smooth.
The constant water level water tank is made up of controlled valve 3, PVC polyester square water tank 4, polyester water tank 5 and V-groove 6,
PVC polyester its length of side of square water tank 4 is 30cm, and one of which proximal surface is provided with a bottom surface length of side for 30cm, height
The polyester water tank 5 of 20cm, arranges a V-groove 6, for keeping constant water level 45cm, institute on PVC polyester square water tank 4
State V-groove 6 to be located on the intersection of PVC polyester square water tank 4 and polyester water tank 5, from PVC polyester square water tank 4 bottom
Two openings are set, using transparent hose two water inlet pipes in PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 are connected, and in two transparent hoses
Upper setting controlled valve 3.
The solute flusher uses the ultimate principle of geneva bottle, is the thin of 60cm by an interior diameter 10cm, length
The long two ends of PVC polyester cylindrical tube 13 sealing, takes elongated one end of PVC polyester cylindrical tube 13 as top disc, and the other end is bottom
Disc, is arranged on straight apart from the top disc center of circle 1/4 by the transparent plastic hose of length 20cm, external diameter 10mm, internal diameter 8mm
It is feed tube at footpath, the other end of feed tube is connected to the bottom of the polyester square water tank 10 that the length of side is 30cm, on feed tube
A feed tube controlled valve 9 is provided with, opposite side installation length 70cm, external diameter 10mm on the disc of top with respect to feed tube,
The plastic conduit 11 of internal diameter 8mm, plastic conduit 11 is parallel to be stretched into inside elongated PVC polyester cylindrical tube 13, plastic conduit
11 outside exposed lengths are 11cm, and arrange plastic conduit controlled valve 12 in outside exposed portion, and in bottom, disc is provided with
13 bleed openings, the position distribution of 13 bleed openings each bleed openings is that home position is a bleed opening, then with 1/
4 bottom disc diameters draw concentric circular as radius, make the inscribe regular hexagon of two concentric circulars, it is ensured that two regular hexagons
Side it is parallel, it is bleed opening to choose short orthohexagonal 6 vertex positions of the length of side, and the length of side is chosen in last 6 bleed opening positions
The center on long orthohexagonal each side, the connecting material of bleed opening chooses external diameter 1mm, internal diameter and is for 0.8mm, length
The transparent plastic small hose 7 of 10-15cm, one end of every transparent plastic small hose 7 connects 13 bleed openings of bottom disc, and
Ensure every transparent plastic small hose 7 in the inside of elongated PVC polyester cylindrical tube 13 without appearing, 13 transparent plastic small hoses it is another
One end light plastic cystosepiment 8 is fixed, and the exposure length of every transparent plastic small hose is 1cm, and lightweight is ensured during installation
Plastic foam plate 8 keeps level, i.e., the parallel upper surface of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 to be so able to ensure that 13 transparent plastics are thin
The other end of flexible pipe can be evenly distributed on the surface of the upper end of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14.
Model is completed after soil media filling work, and to model air-discharging work is carried out, and this exhaust work is using under
And on drainage, its operation mainly intake by apopore 1, by slowly raising the head of connection water outlet device so that mould
Type soil media is completely filled with water, and purpose is excluded completely for the air allowed in model soil media, prevents solute migration from testing
Contain air in the middle soil media because of model, test measurement result is affected, until the upper surface of model PVC polyester glass cylinder 14
Till there is moisture film, show the end of exhaust work, the above stage ensures that two water inlet pipes of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 are in
Closed state.Carry out the division stage of model, concrete operations including following work, the controlled valve 3 on two transparent hoses
Open, model is carried out to stand a period of time, the stable feelings of three water levels of pressure-measuring pipe 17 and the registration of depressimeter 15 of observing and nursing
Condition, when stablizing, the debugging efforts for showing model terminate, and can be tested.Test early stage will carry out hydrologic parameter measurement work
Make, concrete operations are as follows：Hydrogeological parameter measurement work is substantially carried out the measurement of the infiltration coefficient of model soil media, according to
The flow of apopore 1 and the water level value of corresponding period pressure-measuring pipe 17 are repeatedly measured, using Darcy's law computation model soil media
Infiltration coefficient.
Experimental stage, model stability, the overall flow field for showing model soil media is stablized, and proceeds by the input of solute
Work, configures the solute solution of suitable concn, in being added to the polyester square water tank 10 of connection solute flusher, by solute
Flusher moves to other positions, opens feed tube controlled valve 9 so as in flowing rapidly into flusher, treats that elongated PVC gathers
When the liquor capacity of ester cylindrical tube 13 accounts for total elongated 13 volume 2/3 of PVC polyester cylindrical tube, feed tube controlled valve 9 is closed, transferred
Plastic conduit controlled valve 12, adjusts the flow velocity of flusher, it is ensured that the upper surface of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 is residual without solution
Stay, adjustment work completes the top that flusher is placed on PVC polyester glass cylinder 14, it is ensured that 13 sprinkling small hoses are uniform
Be distributed on the upper surface of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14, test formally start.The test data sheet stage, every 7d, to each pottery
Native 2 sample point carry out extraction water sample, measure the solute concentration of each sample point, record data, meanwhile, surveying record depressimeter
Registration and the flow of piezometric level value and corresponding period.
The saturated soil dielectric model that the migration models of the application design are more conventional more can comprehensively and truly portray field certainly
The soil prototype structure distribution pattern of right situation, its analog reslt is more scientific；Migration models tool disclosed in the present application
Having persistently put into pollutant and can guarantee that the immovable advantage of model integral medium condition, i.e., in original geneva bottle operation principle
On the basis of be made that improvement, can be on the premise of constant flow rate so as to keep a slow flow state, directly enhance model
Practicality；Experimental data error is little；It is simple to operate, it is with low cost；Several beneficial effects with experimental data are supplemented, more
It is convincing, auditor can more convinced, mandate rate is higher.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 1, under saturated-unsaturated zones soil ambient condition contaminant transportation model equipment by main part, constant water
Three parts of position water tank and solute flusher constitute, and the main part is connected with constant water level water tank by transparent hose,
Solute flusher is located at main part upper end.
The main part is by apopore 1, pot clay end 2, PVC polyester glass cylinder 14, depressimeter 15, sand post 16, pressure measurement
Pipe 17 and layer of sand 18 are constituted, and the apopore 1, pot clay end 2, depressimeter 15 and pressure-measuring pipe 17 are located at PVC polyester glass cylinder 14
On, sand post 16 and layer of sand 18 are located in PVC polyester glass cylinder 14, and the external diameter of the PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 is 20cm, interior
Footpath is 19cm, and length is 120cm, the closed bottom as test model in one end of the PVC polyester glass cylinder 14, and PVC gathers
Upper end of the other end of ester glass cylinder 14 as test model；From the position perforate apart from bottom 1cm, going out for model is set to
Water hole 1, the internal diameter of the apopore 1 is 8mm, and pressure-measuring pipe is arranged at surface 19cm, 29cm and 39cm of the same side of apopore 1
17, the external diameter of the pressure-measuring pipe 17 is 10mm, and internal diameter is 8mm, and the material of pressure-measuring pipe 17 adopts transparent plastic hose；In water outlet
Depressimeter 15 is installed at surface 54cm, 63.5cm, 74cm and 84cm of the same side of hole 1；Just to the side of apopore 1,
Respectively pot clay end 2 is being installed at bottom 15cm, 25cm, 35cm, 50cm, 60cm, 70cm and 80cm for extracting water sample；
Apart from the bottom 45cm of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 and the both sides of apopore 1 are being orthogonal to, are being respectively equipped with a water inlet pipe, it is described
Water inlet pipe is external diameter 10mm, and internal diameter 8mm, length is the plastic rigid pipe of 10cm, and water inlet pipe stretches into layer of sand, and it is 6cm to put in length, and
6cm parts to stretching into carry out punching process, and hole count is designed as 9, and 9 holes of guarantee are uniformly distributed in and stretch into part, hole
Intended diameter is 1mm, and soil media is filled with the PVC polyester glass cylinder 14, and the sand filling of particle diameter 2mm is screened first
The bottom of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14, filling height is 10cm, and pestle forms in fact layer of sand 18 after filling, completes PVC polyester glass circle
After the bottom sand filling of post 14, in the gauze that the upper berth apertured footpath of layer of sand 18 is 1mm so as to be completely covered on the surface of layer of sand 18,
Reloading test soil sample, loads and modifies the stopping test soil sample at the bottom 44cm of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 is filled to
It is smooth, test the gauze that aperture 1mm is laid on soil sample surface so as to be completely covered on test soil sample surface, it is high that 1cm is loaded again
Sand forms sand post 16, and leveling sand post 16 lays the gauze of aperture 1mm so as to be completely covered on the surface of sand post 16, continues to load
Test soil sample make thereon surface distance bottom be 90cm till and keep test soil sample upper surface it is smooth.
The constant water level water tank is made up of controlled valve 3, PVC polyester square water tank 4, polyester water tank 5 and V-groove 6,
PVC polyester its length of side of square water tank 4 is 30cm, and one of which proximal surface is provided with a bottom surface length of side for 30cm, height
The polyester water tank 5 of 20cm, arranges a V-groove 6, for keeping constant water level 45cm, institute on PVC polyester square water tank 4
State V-groove 6 to be located on the intersection of PVC polyester square water tank 4 and polyester water tank 5, from PVC polyester square water tank 4 bottom
Two openings are set, using transparent hose two water inlet pipes in PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 are connected, and in two transparent hoses
Upper setting controlled valve 3.
The solute flusher uses the ultimate principle of geneva bottle, is the thin of 60cm by an interior diameter 10cm, length
The long two ends of PVC polyester cylindrical tube 13 sealing, takes elongated one end of PVC polyester cylindrical tube 13 as top disc, and the other end is bottom
Disc, is arranged on straight apart from the top disc center of circle 1/4 by the transparent plastic hose of length 20cm, external diameter 10mm, internal diameter 8mm
It is feed tube at footpath, the other end of feed tube is connected to the bottom of the polyester square water tank 10 that the length of side is 30cm, on feed tube
A feed tube controlled valve 9 is provided with, opposite side installation length 70cm, external diameter 10mm on the disc of top with respect to feed tube,
The plastic conduit 11 of internal diameter 8mm, plastic conduit 11 is parallel to be stretched into inside elongated PVC polyester cylindrical tube 13, plastic conduit
11 outside exposed lengths are 11cm, and arrange plastic conduit controlled valve 12 in outside exposed portion, and in bottom, disc is provided with
13 bleed openings, the position distribution of 13 bleed openings each bleed openings is that home position is a bleed opening, then with 1/
4 bottom disc diameters draw concentric circular as radius, make the inscribe regular hexagon of two concentric circulars, it is ensured that two regular hexagons
Side it is parallel, it is bleed opening to choose short orthohexagonal 6 vertex positions of the length of side, and the length of side is chosen in last 6 bleed opening positions
The center on long orthohexagonal each side, the connecting material of bleed opening chooses external diameter 1mm, internal diameter and is for 0.8mm, length
The transparent plastic small hose 7 of 10-15cm, one end of every transparent plastic small hose 7 connects 13 bleed openings of bottom disc, and
Ensure every transparent plastic small hose 7 in the inside of elongated PVC polyester cylindrical tube 13 without appearing, 13 transparent plastic small hoses it is another
One end light plastic cystosepiment 8 is fixed, and the exposure length of every transparent plastic small hose is 1cm, and lightweight is ensured during installation
Plastic foam plate 8 keeps level, i.e., the parallel upper surface of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 to be so able to ensure that 13 transparent plastics are thin
The other end of flexible pipe can be evenly distributed on the surface of the upper end of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14.
Model is completed after soil media filling work, and to model air-discharging work is carried out, and this exhaust work is using under
And on drainage, its operation mainly intake by apopore 1, by slowly raising the head of connection water outlet device so that mould
Type soil media is completely filled with water, and purpose is excluded completely for the air allowed in model soil media, prevents solute migration from testing
Contain air in the middle soil media because of model, test measurement result is affected, until the upper surface of model PVC polyester glass cylinder 14
Till there is moisture film, show the end of exhaust work, the above stage ensures that two water inlet pipes of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 are in
Closed state.Carry out the division stage of model, concrete operations including following work, the controlled valve 3 on two transparent hoses
Open, model is carried out to stand a period of time, the stable feelings of three water levels of pressure-measuring pipe 17 and the registration of depressimeter 15 of observing and nursing
Condition, when stablizing, the debugging efforts for showing model terminate, and can be tested.Test early stage will carry out hydrologic parameter measurement work
Make, concrete operations are as follows：Hydrogeological parameter measurement work is substantially carried out the measurement of the infiltration coefficient of model soil media, according to
The flow of apopore 1 and the water level value of corresponding period pressure-measuring pipe 17 are repeatedly measured, using Darcy's law computation model soil media
Infiltration coefficient.
Experimental stage, model stability, the overall flow field for showing model soil media is stablized, and proceeds by the input of solute
Work, configures the solute solution of suitable concn, in being added to the polyester square water tank 10 of connection solute flusher, by solute
Flusher moves to other positions, opens feed tube controlled valve 9 so as in flowing rapidly into flusher, treats that elongated PVC gathers
When the liquor capacity of ester cylindrical tube 13 accounts for total elongated 13 volume 2/3 of PVC polyester cylindrical tube, feed tube controlled valve 9 is closed, transferred
Plastic conduit controlled valve 12, adjusts the flow velocity of flusher, it is ensured that the upper surface of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 is residual without solution
Stay, adjustment work completes the top that flusher is placed on PVC polyester glass cylinder 14, it is ensured that 13 sprinkling small hoses are uniform
Be distributed on the upper surface of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14, test formally start.The test data sheet stage, every 7d, to each pottery
Native 2 sample point carry out extraction water sample, measure the solute concentration of each sample point, record data, meanwhile, surveying record depressimeter
Registration and the flow of piezometric level value and corresponding period.
The saturated soil dielectric model that the migration models of the application design are more conventional more can comprehensively and truly portray field certainly
The soil prototype structure distribution pattern of right situation, its analog reslt is more scientific；Migration models tool disclosed in the present application
Having persistently put into pollutant and can guarantee that the immovable advantage of model integral medium condition, i.e., in original geneva bottle operation principle
On the basis of be made that improvement, can be on the premise of constant flow rate so as to keep a slow flow state, directly enhance model
Practicality；Experimental data error is little；It is simple to operate, it is with low cost；Several beneficial effects with experimental data are supplemented, more
It is convincing, auditor can more convinced, mandate rate is higher.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Figure 1, under saturated-unsaturated zones soil ambient condition contaminant transportation model equipment by main part, constant water
Three parts of position water tank and solute flusher constitute, and the main part is connected with constant water level water tank by transparent hose,
Solute flusher is located at main part upper end.
The main part is by apopore 1, pot clay end 2, PVC polyester glass cylinder 14, depressimeter 15, sand post 16, pressure measurement
Pipe 17 and layer of sand 18 are constituted, and the apopore 1, pot clay end 2, depressimeter 15 and pressure-measuring pipe 17 are located at PVC polyester glass cylinder 14
On, sand post 16 and layer of sand 18 are located in PVC polyester glass cylinder 14, and the external diameter of the PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 is 20cm, interior
Footpath is 19cm, and length is 120cm, the closed bottom as test model in one end of the PVC polyester glass cylinder 14, and PVC gathers
Upper end of the other end of ester glass cylinder 14 as test model；From the position perforate apart from bottom 1cm, going out for model is set to
Water hole 1, the internal diameter of the apopore 1 is 8mm, and pressure-measuring pipe is arranged at surface 19cm, 29cm and 39cm of the same side of apopore 1
17, the external diameter of the pressure-measuring pipe 17 is 10mm, and internal diameter is 8mm, and the material of pressure-measuring pipe 17 adopts transparent plastic hose；In water outlet
Depressimeter 15 is installed at surface 54cm, 63.5cm, 74cm and 84cm of the same side of hole 1；Just to the side of apopore 1,
Respectively pot clay end 2 is being installed at bottom 15cm, 25cm, 35cm, 50cm, 60cm, 70cm and 80cm for extracting water sample；
Apart from the bottom 45cm of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 and the both sides of apopore 1 are being orthogonal to, are being respectively equipped with a water inlet pipe, it is described
Water inlet pipe is external diameter 10mm, and internal diameter 8mm, length is the plastic rigid pipe of 10cm, and water inlet pipe stretches into layer of sand, and it is 6cm to put in length, and
6cm parts to stretching into carry out punching process, and hole count is designed as 9, and 9 holes of guarantee are uniformly distributed in and stretch into part, hole
Intended diameter is 1mm；Soil media is filled with the PVC polyester glass cylinder 14, the sand dress of particle diameter 1.5mm is screened first
The bottom of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 is filled out, filling height is 10cm, pestle forms in fact layer of sand 18 after filling, completes PVC polyester glass
After the bottom sand filling of cylinder 14, in the gauze that the upper berth apertured footpath of layer of sand 18 is 1mm so as to be completely covered on the table of layer of sand 18
Face, reloading test soil sample is loaded and repaiied the stopping test soil sample at the bottom 44cm of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 is filled to
Decorations are smooth, test the gauze that aperture 1mm is laid on soil sample surface so as to be completely covered on test soil sample surface, 1cm loaded again high
Sand form sand post 16, leveling sand post 16 lays the gauze of aperture 1mm so as to be completely covered on the surface of sand post 16, continues to fill
Fill out test soil sample make thereon surface distance bottom be 90cm till and keep test soil sample upper surface it is smooth.
The constant water level water tank is made up of controlled valve 3, PVC polyester square water tank 4, polyester water tank 5 and V-groove 6,
PVC polyester its length of side of square water tank 4 is 30cm, and one of which proximal surface is provided with a bottom surface length of side for 30cm, height
The polyester water tank 5 of 20cm, arranges a V-groove 6, for keeping constant water level 45cm, institute on PVC polyester square water tank 4
State V-groove 6 to be located on the intersection of PVC polyester square water tank 4 and polyester water tank 5, from PVC polyester square water tank 4 bottom
Two openings are set, using transparent hose two water inlet pipes in PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 are connected, and in two transparent hoses
Upper setting controlled valve 3.
The solute flusher uses the ultimate principle of geneva bottle, is the thin of 60cm by an interior diameter 10cm, length
The long two ends of PVC polyester cylindrical tube 13 sealing, takes elongated one end of PVC polyester cylindrical tube 13 as top disc, and the other end is bottom
Disc, is arranged on straight apart from the top disc center of circle 1/4 by the transparent plastic hose of length 20cm, external diameter 10mm, internal diameter 8mm
It is feed tube at footpath, the other end of feed tube is connected to the bottom of the polyester square water tank 10 that the length of side is 30cm, on feed tube
A feed tube controlled valve 9 is provided with, opposite side installation length 70cm, external diameter 10mm on the disc of top with respect to feed tube,
The plastic conduit 11 of internal diameter 8mm, plastic conduit 11 is parallel to be stretched into inside elongated PVC polyester cylindrical tube 13, plastic conduit
11 outside exposed lengths are 11cm, and arrange plastic conduit controlled valve 12 in outside exposed portion, and in bottom, disc is provided with
13 bleed openings, the position distribution of 13 bleed openings each bleed openings is that home position is a bleed opening, then with 1/
4 bottom disc diameters draw concentric circular as radius, make the inscribe regular hexagon of two concentric circulars, it is ensured that two regular hexagons
Side it is parallel, it is bleed opening to choose short orthohexagonal 6 vertex positions of the length of side, and the length of side is chosen in last 6 bleed opening positions
The center on long orthohexagonal each side, the connecting material of bleed opening chooses external diameter 1mm, internal diameter and is for 0.8mm, length
The transparent plastic small hose 7 of 10-15cm, one end of every transparent plastic small hose 7 connects 13 bleed openings of bottom disc, and
Ensure every transparent plastic small hose 7 in the inside of elongated PVC polyester cylindrical tube 13 without appearing, 13 transparent plastic small hoses it is another
One end light plastic cystosepiment 8 is fixed, and the exposure length of every transparent plastic small hose is 1cm, and lightweight is ensured during installation
Plastic foam plate 8 keeps level, i.e., the parallel upper surface of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 to be so able to ensure that 13 transparent plastics are thin
The other end of flexible pipe can be evenly distributed on the surface of the upper end of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14.
Model is completed after soil media filling work, and to model air-discharging work is carried out, and this exhaust work is using under
And on drainage, its operation mainly intake by apopore 1, by slowly raising the head of connection water outlet device so that mould
Type soil media is completely filled with water, and purpose is excluded completely for the air allowed in model soil media, prevents solute migration from testing
Contain air in the middle soil media because of model, test measurement result is affected, until the upper surface of model PVC polyester glass cylinder 14
Till there is moisture film, show the end of exhaust work, the above stage ensures that two water inlet pipes of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 are in
Closed state.Carry out the division stage of model, concrete operations including following work, the controlled valve 3 on two transparent hoses
Open, model is carried out to stand a period of time, the stable feelings of three water levels of pressure-measuring pipe 17 and the registration of depressimeter 15 of observing and nursing
Condition, when stablizing, the debugging efforts for showing model terminate, and can be tested.Test early stage will carry out hydrologic parameter measurement work
Make, concrete operations are as follows：Hydrogeological parameter measurement work is substantially carried out the measurement of the infiltration coefficient of model soil media, according to
The flow of apopore 1 and the water level value of corresponding period pressure-measuring pipe 17 are repeatedly measured, using Darcy's law computation model soil media
Infiltration coefficient.
Experimental stage, model stability, the overall flow field for showing model soil media is stablized, and proceeds by the input of solute
Work, configures the solute solution of suitable concn, in being added to the polyester square water tank 10 of connection solute flusher, by solute
Flusher moves to other positions, opens feed tube controlled valve 9 so as in flowing rapidly into flusher, treats that elongated PVC gathers
When the liquor capacity of ester cylindrical tube 13 accounts for total elongated 13 volume 2/3 of PVC polyester cylindrical tube, feed tube controlled valve 9 is closed, transferred
Plastic conduit controlled valve 12, adjusts the flow velocity of flusher, it is ensured that the upper surface of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14 is residual without solution
Stay, adjustment work completes the top that flusher is placed on PVC polyester glass cylinder 14, it is ensured that 13 sprinkling small hoses are uniform
Be distributed on the upper surface of PVC polyester glass cylinder 14, test formally start.The test data sheet stage, every 7d, to each pottery
Native 2 sample point carry out extraction water sample, measure the solute concentration of each sample point, record data, meanwhile, surveying record depressimeter
Registration and the flow of piezometric level value and corresponding period.
The saturated soil dielectric model that the migration models of the application design are more conventional more can comprehensively and truly portray field certainly
The soil prototype structure distribution pattern of right situation, its analog reslt is more scientific；Migration models tool disclosed in the present application
Having persistently put into pollutant and can guarantee that the immovable advantage of model integral medium condition, i.e., in original geneva bottle operation principle
On the basis of be made that improvement, can be on the premise of constant flow rate so as to keep a slow flow state, directly enhance model
Practicality；Experimental data error is little；It is simple to operate, it is with low cost；Several beneficial effects with experimental data are supplemented, more
It is convincing, auditor can more convinced, mandate rate is higher.
Presently filed embodiment is explained in detail above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but the application is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment party
Formula, in the ken that those of ordinary skill in the art possess, can be doing on the premise of without departing from the application objective
Go out various change.
Claims (6)
1. contaminant transportation model equipment under saturated-unsaturated zones soil ambient condition, it is characterised in that：The saturated-unsaturated zones
Contaminant transportation model equipment is by main part, three parts of constant water level water tank and solute flusher under the conditions of soil media
Composition, the main part is connected with constant water level water tank by transparent hose, and solute flusher is located at main part upper end；
The main part is by apopore (1), pot clay end (2), PVC polyester glass cylinder (14), depressimeter（15）, sand post（16）, survey
Pressure pipe（17）And layer of sand（18）Composition, the apopore (1), pot clay end (2), depressimeter（15）And pressure-measuring pipe（17）It is located at PVC
On polyester fiberglass cylinder (14), sand post（16）And layer of sand（18）It is located in PVC polyester glass cylinder (14), the PVC polyester glass
The closed bottom as test model in one end of glass cylinder (14), the other end of PVC polyester glass cylinder (14) is used as test mould
The upper end of type；From the position perforate apart from bottom 1cm, the apopore (1) of model is set to, in apopore (1) the same side just
Pressure-measuring pipe is set at top 19cm, 29cm and 39cm（17）, pressure-measuring pipe（17）Material adopt transparent plastic hose；In water outlet
Depressimeter is installed at surface 54cm, 63.5cm, 74cm and 84cm of hole (1) the same side（15）；Just to apopore (1)
Side, is being provided with pot clay end (2) for taking out at bottom 15cm, 25cm, 35cm, 50cm, 60cm, 70cm and 80cm respectively
Water sampling；Apart from PVC polyester glass cylinder (14) bottom 45cm and the both sides of apopore (1) are being orthogonal to, are being respectively equipped with one
Water inlet pipe, water inlet pipe stretches into layer of sand, and it is 6cm to put in length, and the 6cm parts to stretching into carry out punching process, and hole count is designed as 9
It is individual, and ensure that 9 holes are uniformly distributed in and stretch into part, the intended diameter in hole is in 1mm, the PVC polyester glass cylinder (14)
Soil media is filled with, sand filling PVC polyester glass cylinder (14) bottom of particle diameter 1-2mm is screened first, filling height is
10cm, pestle forms in fact layer of sand after filling（18）, after the sand filling of PVC polyester glass cylinder (14) bottom is completed, in layer of sand
（18）Upper berth apertured footpath for 1mm gauze so as to be completely covered on layer of sand（18）Surface, reloading test soil sample, in filling
Load and modify smooth to test soil sample is stopped at PVC polyester glass cylinder (14) bottom 44cm, test soil sample surface paving
The gauze of apertured footpath 1mm so as to be completely covered on test soil sample surface, loads again the high sands of 1cm and forms post（16）, leveling
Sand post（16）, lay the gauze of aperture 1mm so as to be completely covered on sand post（16）Surface, continuing filling test soil sample makes thereon
Surface distance bottom be 90cm till and keep test soil sample upper surface it is smooth；The constant water level water tank is by controlled valve（3）、
PVC polyester square water tank（4）, polyester water tank（5）And V-groove（6）Composition, PVC polyester square water tank（4）Its length of side is
30cm, one of which proximal surface is provided with a bottom surface length of side for 30cm, the polyester water tank of high 20cm（5）, in PVC polyester just
Cubic water tank（4）One V-groove of upper setting（6）, for keeping constant water level 45cm, the V-groove（6）It is located at PVC polyester just
Cubic water tank（4）With polyester water tank（5）Intersection on, from PVC polyester square water tank（4）Bottom arranges two openings, profit
Connect PVC polyester glass cylinder with transparent hose（14）On two water inlet pipes, and switch valve is set on two transparent hoses
Door（3）；The solute flusher uses the ultimate principle of geneva bottle, is the elongated of 60cm by an interior diameter 10cm, length
PVC polyester cylindrical tube（13）Two ends seal, and take elongated PVC polyester cylindrical tube（13）Used as top disc, the other end is bottom for one end
End disc, the transparent plastic hose of length 20cm, external diameter 10mm, internal diameter 8mm is arranged on apart from the top disc center of circle 1/4
It is feed tube at diameter, the other end of feed tube is connected to the polyester square water tank that the length of side is 30cm（10）Bottom, feed liquor
Pipe is provided with a feed tube controlled valve（9）, with respect to opposite side installation length 70cm, the external diameter of feed tube on the disc of top
The plastic conduit of 10mm, internal diameter 8mm（11）, plastic conduit（11）It is parallel to stretch into elongated PVC polyester cylindrical tube（13）Inside,
Plastic conduit（11）Outside exposed length is 11cm, and arranges plastic conduit controlled valve in outside exposed portion（12）,
In bottom, disc is provided with 13 bleed openings, and it is 10- that the connecting material of bleed opening chooses external diameter 1mm, internal diameter for 0.8mm, length
The transparent plastic small hose of 15cm（7）, every transparent plastic small hose（7）One end connect bottom disc 13 bleed openings,
And ensure every transparent plastic small hose（7）In elongated PVC polyester cylindrical tube（13）Internal nothing is appeared, 13 transparent plastic jewelry, expensive clothing and other valuables
The other end of pipe light plastic cystosepiment（8）It is fixed, and the exposure length of every transparent plastic small hose is 1cm, during installation
Ensure light plastic cystosepiment（8）Holding level, i.e., parallel PVC polyester glass cylinder（14）Upper surface.
2. according to claim 1 under saturated-unsaturated zones soil ambient condition contaminant transportation model equipment it is characterized in that：
The external diameter of the PVC polyester glass cylinder (14) is 20cm, and internal diameter is 19cm, and length is 120cm.
3. according to claim 1 under saturated-unsaturated zones soil ambient condition contaminant transportation model equipment it is characterized in that：
Apopore (1) internal diameter is 8mm.
4. according to claim 1 under saturated-unsaturated zones soil ambient condition contaminant transportation model equipment it is characterized in that：
The pressure-measuring pipe（17）External diameter be 10mm, internal diameter is 8mm.
5. according to claim 1 under saturated-unsaturated zones soil ambient condition contaminant transportation model equipment it is characterized in that：
The water inlet pipe is external diameter 10mm, and internal diameter 8mm, length is the plastic rigid pipe of 10cm.
6. according to claim 1 under saturated-unsaturated zones soil ambient condition contaminant transportation model equipment it is characterized in that：
The position distribution of 13 bleed openings each bleed openings is that home position is a bleed opening, then straight with 1/4 bottom disc
Footpath draws concentric circular as radius, makes the inscribe regular hexagon of two concentric circulars, it is ensured that two orthohexagonal sides are parallel, choosing
Short orthohexagonal 6 vertex positions of the length of side are taken for bleed opening, the regular hexagon of last 6 bleed opening positions selection length of side length
Each side center.
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| CN201611113693.0A CN106680460A (en) | 2016-12-07 | 2016-12-07 | Pollutant transport model device under saturated-unsaturated soil medium conditions |
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| CN201611113693.0A CN106680460A (en) | 2016-12-07 | 2016-12-07 | Pollutant transport model device under saturated-unsaturated soil medium conditions |
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| CN108169102A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-06-15 | 山东大学 | Initial rainwater pollutant spatial and temporal distributions physical simulating device in the soil and method |
| CN108732331A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-11-02 | 河海大学 | A kind of device tested with the soil water, vapour, heat, salt simultaneous transport for unsaturation |
| CN109211749A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2019-01-15 | 同济大学 | The laboratory testing rig of tunnel-liner infiltration coefficient and soil body pore pressure response under measurement fluctuation water level |
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