CN106669384B

CN106669384B - Composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions and electrostatic spinning device and method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN106669384B
Application number: CN201611270727.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 丁彬; 赵兴雷; 李玉瑶; 华婷; 蒋攀; 廖亚龙; 印霞; 孙刚; 俞建勇
Original assignee: Donghua University
Current assignee: Donghua University
Priority date: 2016-12-30
Filing date: 2016-12-30
Publication date: 2020-05-26
Anticipated expiration: 2036-12-30
Also published as: CN106669384A

Abstract

The invention provides a composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions, and an electrostatic spinning device and method thereof. The electrostatic spinning receiving device is characterized by comprising a roller, wherein a plurality of hollow bulges are arranged on the surface of the roller, one surface of each bulge is in contact with the roller, the contact surface of each bulge and the roller can be communicated to the inside of the roller, the opposite surface of each surface is closed, holes are formed in other surfaces except the two surfaces, the inside of the roller is of a hollow structure, one end of each surface is connected with a high-temperature steam generating device, and the other end of each surface is closed. The structural characteristics of small fiber diameter and large specific surface area of the electrostatic spinning nanofiber material are utilized to enhance the release amount of negative ions, so that purification factors are actively released, the indoor air quality is improved, the composite structure with the nanofiber layer sandwiched in the middle can prevent fibers from being damaged, the service life is prolonged, and meanwhile, the small pore diameter and the large porosity of the material can fully meet the performance requirements of high efficiency and low resistance of the air filtering material.

Description

Composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions and electrostatic spinning device and method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of nano fibers, and relates to a composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions and an electrostatic spinning method thereof.

Background

Microorganisms such as particulate matters and bacteria in the haze bring great threat to human health, about 300 million people die early in the world due to the haze pollution problem, and effective measures are taken to protect the people. Antifog haze window screening with anion release function can effectively completely cut off outdoor PM_2.5And the air enters the room, and meanwhile, harmful gases in the surrounding air are removed by taking far negative ions as release factors, so that the indoor air quality is improved. The existing anti-haze window screen has the problems of low filtering efficiency, large resistance pressure drop and the like, and can not meet the use requirements at the same time. The electrostatic spinning nano-fiber has the characteristics of small fiber diameter, small pore diameter, large specific surface area, high porosity and the like, so the electrostatic spinning nano-fiber has wide application prospect when being used in the field of air filtration. However, in the anti-haze window screen prepared by the conventional electrostatic spinning method, the bonding fastness of the nanofiber and the window screen base material cannot meet the application requirement, and the fiber is easy to embed and separate and loses the service performance.

The prior art for preparing the anion antibacterial filtering material by using an electrostatic spinning method. The patent ZL201110407879.8 discloses a non-woven fabric with negative ion release function prepared by electrostatic spinning technology, a spinning solution formula for preparing the functional non-woven fabric and a negative ion powder component used in the formula. In the patent of single-layer supporting multifunctional air filtering membrane (CN201610244080.4), polyether sulfone and the like are used as basic materials and are mixed with a solvent to prepare a solution, and nano TiO is added₂The powder and the anion powder realize the multifunction of the nanofiber membrane. An air filtering membrane prepared by a patent of light-transmitting, air-permeable and electrostatic repulsion PM2.5 air filtering membrane and a preparation method thereof (CN201510307864.2) is at least provided with a non-woven fabric substrate or a screen and at least one ultrathin electrostatic spinning nanofiber layer, and tourmaline nanoparticles are wrapped on the surface of a material by dipping and/or spraying a suspension containing an adhesive and the tourmaline nanoparticles and drying, so that the process is complicated, and the tourmaline nanoparticles on the surface are easy to fall off.

In summary, the existing antifog haze window screen has the problems of poor wear resistance, low filtration efficiency, weak active purification capacity and the like of nano fibers, and the preparation method has complex process, wastes time and labor. In order to overcome the defects, the invention adopts a novel electrostatic spinning receiving system to prepare the high-efficiency low-resistance window screening filtering material which has good wear resistance, can actively purify air by a large amount of negative ions.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of poor wear resistance, low filtering efficiency and weak active purification capacity of the existing anti-haze window screen nanofiber, and provides a composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions and an electrostatic spinning method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an electrostatic spinning receiving device which is characterized by comprising a roller, wherein a plurality of hollow bulges are arranged on the surface of the roller, one surface of each bulge is in contact with the roller, the contact surface of each bulge and the roller can be communicated to the inside of the roller, the opposite surface of each bulge is closed, holes are arranged on the other surfaces except the two surfaces, the inside of the roller is of a hollow structure, one end of the inside of the roller is connected with a high-temperature steam generating device, and the other end of the inside of the roller is closed.

Preferably, the cross section of the roller is circular, and the sectional area is 100-1000 cm²The length L1 is 30-100 cm, and the material is iron, aluminum, copper or other conductive materials; the thickness T1 of the cylinder wall of the roller is 2-20 cm.

Preferably, the bulges are regularly arranged on the surface of the roller, the bulges are triangular prisms, cubes, cuboids or cylinders, and the materials of the bulges are the same as those of the roller.

Preferably, the height H of the bulge is 0.5-2 mm, and the sectional area is 0.25-9 mm²The thickness T2 is 0.1-0.5 mm, and the distance D between two adjacent bulges on the roller is 0.5-1 mm; the holes are round, square, rectangular or triangular in shape and have an area of 0.01-1 mm²。

The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:

step 1: dissolving a polymer in a solvent to obtain a polymer spinning solution;

step 2: by adopting the electrostatic spinning receiving device, the base material is placed on the roller, the additive is dispersed into the dispersion liquid to form the additive dispersion liquid, the additive dispersion liquid and the polymer spinning solution are independently sprayed out to carry out electrostatic spraying and electrostatic spinning respectively, or the additive is mixed into the polymer spinning solution and sprayed out together to carry out electrostatic spinning to form a nanofiber layer, etching steam is fed into the electrostatic spinning process through the high-temperature steam generating device, the etching steam is discharged from the raised holes, the surface of the base material in contact with the etching steam is etched, and the specific surface area of the base material is increased;

and step 3: covering the covering layer on the nanofiber layer to obtain the composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions.

Preferably, the steam discharging speed is controlled by controlling the drum sectional area, the hole area, and the steam feeding speed.

Preferably, the polymer is at least one of fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer, polyperfluorinated ethylene propylene, polypropylene, soluble polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl butyral, polystyrene, polyester, polyvinyl acetate, nylon 6, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethyl methacrylate, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylonitrile, polycaprolactone, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene glycol, polyurethane, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether and polyvinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene; the solvent is more than one of formic acid, tetrahydrofuran, water, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, acetone, chloroform, cresol, dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, toluene, N-methylpyrrolidone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone.

Preferably, the additive is a solid or liquid substance capable of releasing negative ions.

More preferably, the additive is tourmaline, diatomite, fly ash, negative ion ceramic powder, metal oxide or silicon carbide.

Preferably, the base material is a window screen, the mesh is triangular, square, rectangular or round, the material is nylon or metal, and the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is1 to 50 μm, and a mesh area of 0.3 to 10mm²。

Preferably, the concentration of the polymer spinning solution is 10-40 wt%, and the concentration of the additive dispersion liquid is 10-40 wt%; the concentration of the additive in the solution formed by mixing the additive into the polymer spinning solution is 0.01 wt% -5 wt%.

Preferably, when the additive dispersion liquid and the polymer spinning solution are independently sprayed for electrostatic spraying and electrostatic spinning, respectively, the spinning parameters of the polymer solution are as follows: the voltage is 10-100 kV, the receiving distance is 5-150 cm, the filling speed is 0.1-10 mL/h, the rotating speed of a roller is 20-200 r/min, the temperature is 10-40 ℃, the humidity is 10-99%, and the spinning time is 10-300 min; electrostatic spraying parameters of the additive dispersion: the voltage is 10-100 kV, the receiving distance is 5-150 cm, the filling speed is 0.1-10 mL/h, the rotating speed of a roller is 20-200 r/min, the temperature is 10-40 ℃, the humidity is 10-99%, and the spinning time is 10-300 min; spinning parameters for mixing additives into the polymer spinning solution for spinning together: the voltage is 10-100 kV, the receiving distance is 5-150 cm, the filling speed is 0.1-10 mL/h, the rotating speed of a roller is 20-200 r/min, the temperature is 10-40 ℃, the humidity is 10-99%, and the spinning time is 10-300 min.

Preferably, the etching steam comprises a formic acid solution, an acetic acid solution, a sodium hydroxide solution, a copper sulfate solution, a sodium carbonate solution or a magnesium carbonate solution, the concentration of the etching steam is 10-80%, the steam feeding speed is 0.1-3 m/s, the feeding mode is intermittent feeding or continuous feeding, the total time of the intermittent feeding is 10-300 min, and the time ratio of feeding to non-feeding is 1: 1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 4:1, 3:1 or 2: 1; the continuous feeding time is 10-300 min, and the releasing speed of the steam from the convex holes is 0.1-3 m/s.

Preferably, the specific surface area increase rate of the etched substrate is 10-90%.

Preferably, the composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions is of a composite structure and is respectively provided with a covering layer, a nanofiber layer and a base material from top to bottom, the covering layer is made of polypropylene, polyethylene, polypropylene/polyethylene, nylon or metal, and the gram weight of the covering layer is 10-200 g/m²The nano-fiber layer has a bulk density of 0.006E0.084g/cm³The gram weight is 0.01-70 g/m²The base material is polypropylene, polyethylene, polypropylene/polyethylene, nylon or metal, and the gram weight is 10-200 g/m²。

Preferably, the transmittance of the composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions is 30-90%, and the formaldehyde content can be reduced to 0.01-0.10 mg/(m) within 5-60 min³H) can reduce the benzene content to 0.01-0.11 mg/(m)³H) can reduce the toluene content to 0.01-0.20 mg/(m)³H), the abrasion resistance of the nanofiber layer is 1% -20% of weight loss rate after 50 circles of friction, the filtration efficiency of particles with the particle size of 0.3-10 mu m is 80-100%, and the resistance pressure drop is 10-100 Pa.

The invention also provides the composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing the negative ions, which is prepared by the preparation method of the composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing the negative ions.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) when the micro-module is compounded with a window screen base material with a smooth surface, the micro-module can fill meshes, and the embedding of fibers near silk threads of the porous base material is avoided.

(2) The specific solvent steam which reacts with the window screen base material can be used as an etching medium, the etching steam is sent into the roller and is discharged from the micropores, the window screen base material is etched, the roughness of the window screen base material is increased, and therefore the bonding fastness of the nano fibers on the surface of the base material is enhanced.

(3) The structural characteristics of small fiber diameter and large specific surface area of the electrostatic spinning nanofiber material are utilized to enhance the release amount of negative ions, so that purification factors are actively released, the indoor air quality is improved, the composite structure with the nanofiber layer sandwiched in the middle can prevent fibers from being damaged, the service life is prolonged, and meanwhile, the small pore diameter and the large porosity of the material can fully meet the performance requirements of high efficiency and low resistance of the air filtering material.

(4) The transmittance of the obtained composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions is 30-90%, and the formaldehyde content can be reduced to 0.01-0.10 mg/(m) within 5-60 min³H) reducing the benzene content to 0.01-0.11 mg/(m)³H) reducing the toluene content to 0.01～0.20mg/(m³H), the filtration efficiency of the filter on particles with the particle size of 0.3-10 mu m is 80-100%, and the resistance pressure drop is 10-100 Pa.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an electrospinning receiving device.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the projection.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic view of an electrostatic spinning receiving device, the electrostatic spinning receiving device includes a roller 1, a plurality of hollow protrusions 2 are arranged on the surface of the roller 1, one surface of each protrusion 2 is in contact with the roller 1, the contact surface of each protrusion 2 with the roller 1 can be communicated to the inside of the roller 1, the opposite surface of each surface is closed, holes are arranged on other surfaces except the two surfaces, the inside of the roller 1 is of a hollow structure, one end of each surface is connected with a high-temperature steam generating device, and the other end of each surface is closed.

A preparation method of a composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions comprises the following specific steps:

1) dissolving nylon 6 (Aladdin P128923, weight average molecular weight 10000 Dalton) in formic acid to obtain polymer spinning solution, wherein the concentration of the solution is 10 wt%, and tourmaline is used as additive.

2) Determining the specification of the receiving device: the cross section of the roller 1 is circular, and the cross section is 100cm²The length L1 is 30cm, and the material is copper; the thickness T1 of the wall of the roller is 2 cm. The bulges 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the roller 1, the shapes of the bulges are triangular prisms, and the materials of the bulges are the same as those of the roller 1. The height H of the bulge 2 is 0.5mm, and the sectional area is 0.25mm²The thickness T2 is 0.1mm, and the distance D between two adjacent bulges 2 on the roller 1 is 0.5 mm. The shape of the hole is roundArea of 0.01mm²。

3) Selecting a receiving substrate: the base material is window screen, the mesh is triangular, the material is nylon, the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 1 μm, and the area of the mesh is 0.3mm²The gram weight is 10g/m²。

4) Electrostatic spinning: by adopting the electrostatic spinning receiving device, the base material is placed on the roller 1, the additive is mixed into the polymer spinning solution and sprayed out together for electrostatic spinning, the concentration of the additive is 0.01 wt%, a nanofiber layer is formed, etching steam is fed through the high-temperature steam generating device in the electrostatic spinning process, the etching steam is discharged from the holes of the protrusions 2, etching is formed on the surface of the base material in contact with the etching steam, and the specific surface area of the base material is increased. Spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 10kV, the receiving distance is 5cm, the perfusion speed is 0.1mL/h, the rotating speed of a roller is 20r/min, the temperature is 10 ℃, the humidity is 10%, the spinning time is 10min, the etching steam fed in the electrostatic spinning process is formic acid, the concentration is 10%, the temperature is 120 ℃, the steam feeding speed is 1m/s, an intermittent feeding mode is adopted, the total time of intermittent feeding is 10min, the time ratio of feeding to non-feeding is 1: 1, and the steam release speed from the holes of the bulges 22 is 0.1 m/s.

5) Covering the covering layer on the nanofiber layer to obtain the composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions.

The obtained composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions is of a composite structure and is respectively provided with a covering layer, a nanofiber layer and a base material from top to bottom, wherein the covering layer is made of a polypropylene/polyethylene composite material, and the gram weight of the covering layer is 10g/m²The porosity is 80%, the pore diameter is 2mm, and the specific surface area increase rate of the base material after etching is 10%. The nanofiber layer had a bulk density of 0.006g/cm³The gram weight is 0.01g/m²The light transmittance of the window screen is 90 percent; at 30m³In the experimental chamber, the initial concentration of formaldehyde is 1mg/m³Initial benzene concentration of 2mg/m³，1m²The window screen can reduce the formaldehyde content to 0.01 mg/(m) within 60min³H) the benzene content can be reduced to 0.01 mg/(m)³H) the toluene content can be reduced to 0.2 mg/(m)³H), the abrasion resistance of the nanofiber layer is 20 percent of weight loss rate after 50 circles of frictionThe filtration efficiency for 10 μm particles was 80% and the resistance pressure drop was 10 Pa.

Example 2

1) polyvinyl alcohol (avastin P105124, weight average molecular weight 45000 dalton) was dissolved in water to give a polymer spinning solution, the solution concentration was 13 wt%, with silicon carbide as additive.

2) Determining the specification of the receiving device: the cross section of the roller 1 is circular, and the cross section area is 130cm²The length L1 is 35cm, and the material is aluminum; the thickness T1 of the wall of the roller is 2.4 cm. The bulges 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the roller 1, the shape of the bulges is a cube, and the material of the bulges is the same as that of the roller 1. The height H of the bulge 2 is 0.55mm, and the sectional area is 0.5mm²The thickness T2 is 0.11mm, and the distance D between two adjacent bulges 2 on the roller 1 is 0.5-1 mm. The holes are square and have an area of 0.05mm²。

3) Selecting a receiving substrate: the base material is window screen, the mesh is square, the material is nylon, the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 2.5 mu m, and the area of the mesh is 0.7mm²The gram weight is 15g/m²。

4) Electrostatic spinning: by adopting the electrostatic spinning receiving device, the base material is placed on the roller 1, the additive is mixed into the polymer spinning solution and sprayed out together for electrostatic spinning, the concentration of the additive is 0.05 wt%, a nanofiber layer is formed, etching steam is fed through the high-temperature steam generating device in the electrostatic spinning process, the etching steam is discharged from the holes of the protrusions 2, etching is formed on the surface of the base material in contact with the etching steam, and the specific surface area of the base material is increased. Spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 22kV, the receiving distance is 15cm, the perfusion speed is 1mL/h, the rotating speed of a roller is 32r/min, the temperature is 20 ℃, the humidity is 18 percent, and the spinning time is 30 min; the etching steam fed in the electrostatic spinning process is formic acid, the concentration is 12%, the temperature is 120 ℃, the steam feeding speed is 1m/s, an intermittent feeding mode is adopted, the total time of intermittent feeding is 30min, the time ratio of feeding to non-feeding is 3:1, and the steam releasing speed from the small holes of the protrusions 2 is 0.3 m/s.

The obtained composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions is of a composite structure and is respectively provided with a covering layer, a nanofiber layer and a base material from top to bottom, wherein the covering layer is made of polyethylene and has the gram weight of 20g/m²The porosity is 78%, the aperture is 2mm, the specific surface area increase rate of the base material after etching is 13%, and the stacking density of the nanofiber layer is 0.0086g/cm³The gram weight is 2g/m²The light transmittance of the window screen is 86 percent and is 30m³In the experimental chamber, the initial concentration of formaldehyde is 1mg/m³Initial benzene concentration of 2mg/m³，1m²The window screen can reduce the formaldehyde content to 0.094 mg/(m) within 58min³H) the benzene content can be reduced to 0.094 mg/(m)³H) the toluene content can be reduced to 0.19 mg/(m)³H), the abrasion resistance of the nanofiber layer is 18% of weight loss rate after 50 circles of friction, the filtration efficiency of 10 μm particles is 85%, and the resistance pressure drop is 15 Pa.

Example 3

1) polymethyl methacrylate (Alatin P107082, weight average molecular weight 8000 Dalton) is dissolved in N, N-dimethylacetamide to obtain a polymer spinning solution, the concentration of the solution is 16 wt%, and negative ion ceramic powder is used as an additive.

2) Determining the specification of the receiving device: the cross section of the roller 1 is circular, and the cross section area is 160cm²The length L1 is 40cm, and the material is iron; the thickness T1 of the wall of the roller is 2.6 cm. The bulges 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the roller 1, the shape of the bulges is cuboid, and the material of the bulges is the same as that of the roller 1. The height H of the bulge 2 is 0.6mm, and the sectional area is 1mm²The thickness T2 is 0.12mm, and the distance D between two adjacent bulges 2 on the roller 1 is 0.6 mm. The holes are rectangular and have an area of 0.1mm²。

3) Selecting a receiving substrate: the base material is window screen, the mesh shape is rectangle, the material is nylon, the monofilament diameter of forming the mesh is 4m, the mesh area is 1mm²The gram weight is 20g/m²。

4) Electrostatic spinning: by adopting the electrostatic spinning receiving device, the base material is placed on the roller 1, the additive is mixed into the polymer spinning solution and sprayed out together for electrostatic spinning, the concentration of the additive is 0.1 wt%, a nanofiber layer is formed, etching steam is fed through the high-temperature steam generating device in the electrostatic spinning process, the etching steam is discharged from the holes of the protrusions 2, etching is formed on the surface of the base material in contact with the etching steam, and the specific surface area of the base material is increased. The additive is mixed into the polymer and sprayed out, and the spinning parameters of the polymer/anion functional additive solution are as follows: the voltage is 28kV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the perfusion speed is 2mL/h, the rotating speed of a roller is 38r/min, the temperature is 25 ℃, the humidity is 21 percent, and the spinning time is 40 min; the etching steam fed in the electrostatic spinning process is acetic acid, the concentration is 14%, the temperature is 140 ℃, the feeding speed of the steam is 1m/s, an intermittent feeding mode is adopted, the total time of the intermittent feeding is 40min, the ratio of the feeding time to the non-feeding time is 4:1, and the releasing speed of the steam from the small holes of the protrusions 2 is 0.4 m/s.

The obtained composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions is of a composite structure and is respectively provided with a covering layer, a nanofiber layer and a base material from top to bottom, wherein the covering layer is made of polypropylene and has the gram weight of 40g/m²The porosity is 76%, the aperture is 1.8mm, the specific surface area increase rate of the base material after etching is 16%, and the stacking density of the nanofiber layer is 0.006-0.084 g/cm³The gram weight is 5g/m²The light transmittance of the window screen is 84 percent and is 30m³In the experimental chamber, the initial concentration of formaldehyde is 1mg/m³Initial benzene concentration of 2mg/m³，1m²The window screen can reduce the formaldehyde content to 0.091 mg/(m) within 56min³H) the benzene content can be reduced to 0.091 mg/(m)³H) the toluene content can be reduced to 0.18 mg/(m)³H), the abrasion resistance of the nanofiber layer is 17.4% of weight loss rate after 50 circles of friction, the filtration efficiency of 10 μm particles is 90%, and the resistance pressure drop is 18 Pa.

Example 4

1) polyaniline (weight average molecular weight of 60000 daltons, from Shijiazhui Ji Anya New materials science and technology Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran to obtain a polymer spinning solution, the concentration of which was 19 wt%, and jade powder was used as an additive.

2) Determining the specification of the receiving device: the cross section of the roller 1 is circular, and the sectional area is 190cm²The length L1 is 42cm, and the material is copper; the thickness T1 of the wall of the roller is 2.8 cm. The bulges 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the roller 1, are cylindrical and are made of the same material as the roller 1. The height H of the projection 2 is 0.65mm, cross-sectional area of 2mm²The thickness T2 is 0.13mm, and the distance D between two adjacent bulges 2 on the roller 1 is 0.65 mm. The holes are triangular and have an area of 0.15mm²。

3) Selecting a receiving substrate: the base material is window screen, the mesh is round, the material is nylon, the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 5.5 μm and 1.4mm²The gram weight is 30g/m²。

4) Electrostatic spinning: by adopting the electrostatic spinning receiving device, the base material is placed on the roller 1, the additive is mixed into the polymer spinning solution and sprayed out together for electrostatic spinning, the concentration of the additive is 0.2 wt%, a nanofiber layer is formed, etching steam is fed through the high-temperature steam generating device in the electrostatic spinning process, the etching steam is discharged from the holes of the protrusions 2, etching is formed on the surface of the base material in contact with the etching steam, and the specific surface area of the base material is increased. Spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 34kV, the receiving distance is 25cm, the perfusion speed is 2.5mL/h, the rotating speed of a roller is 44r/min, the temperature is 30 ℃, the humidity is 24 percent, and the spinning time is 50 min; the etching steam fed in the electrostatic spinning process is formic acid, the concentration is 16%, the temperature is 120 ℃, the steam feeding speed is 1m/s, an intermittent feeding mode is adopted, the total time of intermittent feeding is 50min, the time ratio of feeding to non-feeding is 1:4, and the steam releasing speed from the small holes of the protrusions 2 is 0.5 m/s.

The obtained composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions is of a composite structure and is respectively provided with a covering layer, a nanofiber layer and a base material from top to bottom, wherein the covering layer is compounded by polypropylene/polyethylene, and the gram weight of the covering layer is 60g/m²The porosity is 74 percent, the aperture is 1.8mm, the specific surface area increasing rate of the base material after etching is 20 percent, and the bulk density of the nanofiber layer is 0.0112g/cm³The gram weight is 8g/m²The light transmittance of the window screen is 82 percent and is 30m³In the experimental chamber, the initial concentration of formaldehyde is 1mg/m³Initial benzene concentration of 2mg/m³，1m²The window screen can reduce the formaldehyde content to 0.088 mg/(m) within 54min³H) the benzene content can be reduced to 0.088 mg/(h)m³H) the toluene content can be reduced to 0.166 mg/(m)³H), the abrasion resistance of the nanofiber layer is 16.6% of weight loss rate after 50 circles of friction, the filtration efficiency of 10 μm particles is 95%, and the resistance pressure drop is 22 Pa.

Example 5

1) polyethylene oxide (alatin P101340, weight average molecular weight 300000 daltons) was dissolved in chloroform to give a polymer spinning solution with a concentration of 22 wt%, with metal oxide as an additive.

2) Determining the specification of the receiving device: the cross section of the roller 1 is circular, and the cross section area is 210cm²The length L1 is 44cm, and the material is aluminum; the thickness T1 of the wall of the roller is 3.4 cm. The bulges 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the roller 1, the shapes of the bulges are triangular prisms, and the materials of the bulges are the same as those of the roller 1. The height H of the bulge 2 is 0.7mm, and the sectional area is 3mm²The thickness T2 is 0.14mm, and the distance D between two adjacent bulges 2 on the roller 1 is 0.7 mm. The holes are round and have an area of 0.2mm²。

3) Selecting a receiving substrate: the base material is window screen, the mesh is triangular, the material is nylon, the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 7 μm, and the area of the mesh is 1.7mm²The gram weight is 40g/m²。

4) Electrostatic spinning: by adopting the electrostatic spinning receiving device, the base material is placed on the roller 1, the additive is mixed into the polymer spinning solution and sprayed out together for electrostatic spinning, the concentration of the additive is 0.5 wt%, a nanofiber layer is formed, etching steam is fed through the high-temperature steam generating device in the electrostatic spinning process, the etching steam is discharged from the holes of the protrusions 2, etching is formed on the surface of the base material in contact with the etching steam, and the specific surface area of the base material is increased. Spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 40kV, the receiving distance is 30cm, the perfusion speed is 3.1mL/h, the rotating speed of a roller is 50r/min, the temperature is 35 ℃, the humidity is 27%, and the spinning time is 60 min; the etching steam fed in the electrostatic spinning process is formic acid, the concentration is 18%, the temperature is 120 ℃, the steam feeding speed is 1m/s, an intermittent feeding mode is adopted, the total time of intermittent feeding is 60min, the time ratio of feeding to non-feeding is 1:3, and the steam releasing speed from the small holes of the protrusions 2 is 0.6 m/s.

The obtained composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions is of a composite structure and is respectively provided with a covering layer, a nanofiber layer and a base material from top to bottom, wherein the covering layer is made of polyethylene and has the gram weight of 70g/m²The porosity is 72%, the aperture is 1.8mm, the specific surface area increase rate of the etched base material is 23%, and the stacking density of the nanofiber layer is 0.006-0.084 g/cm³The gram weight is 10g/m²The light transmittance of the window screen is 80 percent and is 30m³In the experimental chamber, the initial concentration of formaldehyde is 1mg/m³Initial benzene concentration of 2mg/m³，1m²The window screen can reduce the formaldehyde content to 0.085 mg/(m) within 52min³H) the benzene content can be reduced to 0.085 mg/(m)³H) the toluene content can be reduced to 0.160 mg/(m)³H), the abrasion resistance of the nanofiber layer is 16% of weight loss rate after 50 circles of friction, the filtration efficiency of 10 μm particles is 100%, and the resistance pressure drop is 25 Pa.

Example 6

1) polyvinylpyrrolidone (avastin P110607, weight average molecular weight of 58000 daltons) is dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide to obtain a polymer spinning solution, the concentration of the solution is 25 wt%, and tourmaline is used as an additive.

2) Determining the specification of the receiving device: the cross section of the roller 1 is circular, and the cross section area is 240cm²The length L1 is 46cm, and the material is iron; the thickness T1 of the wall of the roller is 4 cm. The bulges 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the roller 1, the shape of the bulges is a cube, and the material of the bulges is the same as that of the roller 1. The height H of the bulge 2 is 0.75mm, and the sectional area is 3.6mm²The thickness T2 is 0.15mm, and the distance D between two adjacent bulges 2 on the roller 1 is 0.75 mm. The holes are square and have an area of 0.25mm²。

3) Selecting a receiving substrate: the base material is window screen, the mesh is square, the material is nylon, the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 8.5 mu m, and the area of the mesh is 2mm²The gram weight is 50g/m²。

4) Electrostatic spinning: by adopting the electrostatic spinning receiving device, the base material is placed on the roller 1, the additive is mixed into the polymer spinning solution and sprayed out together for electrostatic spinning, the concentration of the additive is 1 wt%, a nanofiber layer is formed, etching steam is fed through the high-temperature steam generating device in the electrostatic spinning process, the etching steam is discharged from the holes of the protrusions 2, etching is formed on the surface of the base material in contact with the etching steam, and the specific surface area of the base material is increased. Spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 10-100 kV, the receiving distance is 35cm, the perfusion speed is 3.4mL/h, the rotating speed of a roller is 56r/min, the temperature is 40 ℃, the humidity is 30%, and the spinning time is 70 min; the etching steam fed in the electrostatic spinning process is formic acid, the concentration is 20%, the temperature is 120 ℃, the steam feeding speed is 1m/s, an intermittent feeding mode is adopted, the total time of intermittent feeding is 70min, the time ratio of feeding to non-feeding is 1:2, and the steam releasing speed from the small holes of the protrusions 2 is 0.7 m/s.

The obtained composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions is of a composite structure, and is respectively provided with a covering layer, a nanofiber layer and a base material from top to bottom, wherein the obtained negative ion anti-haze window screen is made of polypropylene, and the gram weight of the covering layer is 80g/m²The porosity is 70%, the aperture is 1.6mm, the specific surface area increase rate of the base material after etching is 26%, and the bulk density of the nanofiber layer is 0.0138g/cm³The gram weight is 14g/m²The light transmittance of the window screen is 78 percent and is 30m³In the experimental chamber, the initial concentration of formaldehyde is 1mg/m³Initial benzene concentration of 2mg/m³，1m²The window screen can reduce the formaldehyde content to 0.082 mg/(m) within 50min³H) the benzene content can be reduced to 0.082 mg/(m)³H) the toluene content can be reduced to 0.154 mg/(m)³H), the abrasion resistance of the nanofiber layer is 15.4% of weight loss rate after 50 circles of friction, the filtration efficiency of 5 mu m particles is 80%, and the resistance pressure drop is 28 Pa.

Example 7

1) polyacrylonitrile (avastin P823208, weight average molecular weight 15000 dalton) was dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide to give a polymer spinning solution with a concentration of 28 wt%, with silicon carbide as additive.

2) Determining the specification of the receiving device: the cross section of the roller 1 is circular, and the cross section is 270cm²The length L1 is 48cm, and the material is copper; the thickness T1 of the wall of the roller is 4.6 cm. The bulges 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the roller 1 and have the shape of a bulgeIs a cuboid and is made of the same material as the roller 1. The height H of the bulge 2 is 0.8mm, and the sectional area is 3.8mm²The thickness T2 is 0.16mm, and the distance D between two adjacent bulges 2 on the roller 1 is 0.8 mm. The holes are rectangular and have an area of 0.3mm²。

3) Selecting a receiving substrate: the base material is window screen, the mesh is rectangular and made of nylon, the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 10 mu m, and the area of the mesh is 2.4mm²The gram weight is 55g/m²。

4) Electrostatic spinning: by adopting the electrostatic spinning receiving device, the base material is placed on the roller 1, the additive is mixed into the polymer spinning solution and sprayed out together for electrostatic spinning, the concentration of the additive is 2 wt%, a nanofiber layer is formed, etching steam is fed through the high-temperature steam generating device in the electrostatic spinning process, the etching steam is discharged from the holes of the protrusions 2, etching is formed on the surface of the base material in contact with the etching steam, and the specific surface area of the base material is increased. Spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 52kV, the receiving distance is 40cm, the perfusion speed is 3.7mL/h, the roller rotating speed is 62r/min, the temperature is 10 ℃, the humidity is 33 percent, and the spinning time is 80 min; the etching steam fed in the electrostatic spinning process is acetic acid, the concentration is 22%, the temperature is 140 ℃, the steam feeding speed is 1m/s, an intermittent feeding mode is adopted, the total time of intermittent feeding is 80min, the time ratio of feeding to non-feeding is 1: 1, and the steam releasing speed from the small holes of the protrusions 2 is 0.8 m/s.

5) And covering the covering layer on the sub-nanofiber layer to obtain the composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing the negative ions.

The obtained composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions is of a composite structure, and is respectively provided with a covering layer, a nanofiber layer and a base material from top to bottom, wherein the covering layer of the obtained negative ion anti-haze window screen is compounded by polypropylene and polyethylene, and the gram weight of the covering layer is 100g/m²The porosity is 68%, the aperture is 1.6mm, the specific surface area increase rate of the base material after etching is 30%, and the stacking density of the nanofiber layer is 0.006-0.084 g/cm³The gram weight is 16g/m²The light transmittance of the window screen is 76 percent and is 30m³In the experimental chamber, the initial concentration of formaldehyde is 1mg/m³Initial benzene concentration of 2mg/m³，1m²The window screen can reduce the formaldehyde content to 0.079 mg/(m) within 48min³H) the benzene content can be reduced to 0.079 mg/(m)³H) the toluene content can be reduced to 0.148 mg/(m)³H), the abrasion resistance of the nanofiber layer is 14.8% of weight loss rate after 50 circles of friction, the filtration efficiency of 5 mu m particles is 85%, and the resistance pressure drop is 31 Pa.

Example 8

1) dissolving polytetrafluoroethylene (Allantin P110094, weight average molecular weight 18000 Dalton) in N, N-dimethylacetamide to obtain a polymer spinning solution, wherein the concentration of the solution is 31 wt%, and the anion ceramic powder is used as an additive.

2) Determining the specification of the receiving device: the cross section of the roller 1 is circular, and the cross section area is 300cm²The length L1 is 50cm, and the material is aluminum; the thickness T1 of the wall of the roller is 5.2 cm. The bulges 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the roller 1, the shape of the bulges is cuboid, and the material of the bulges is the same as that of the roller 1. The height H of the bulge 2 is 0.85mm, and the sectional area is 4mm²The thickness T2 is 0.17mm, and the distance D between two adjacent bulges 2 on the roller 1 is 0.85 mm. The holes are triangular and have an area of 0.35mm²。

3) Selecting a receiving substrate: the base material is window screen, the mesh is round, the material is nylon, the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 11.5 μm, and the area of the mesh is 2.7mm²The gram weight is 60g/m²。

4) Electrostatic spinning: by adopting the electrostatic spinning receiving device, the base material is placed on the roller 1, the additive is mixed into the polymer spinning solution and sprayed out together for electrostatic spinning, the concentration of the additive is 2.5 wt%, a nanofiber layer is formed, etching steam is fed through the high-temperature steam generating device in the electrostatic spinning process, the etching steam is discharged from the holes of the protrusions 2, etching is formed on the surface of the base material in contact with the etching steam, and the specific surface area of the base material is increased. Spinning parameters are as follows: voltage of 58kV, receiving distance of 45cm, perfusion speed of 4mL/h, roller rotation speed of 68r/min, temperature of 15 ℃, humidity of 36 percent and spinning time of 90 min; the etching steam fed in the electrostatic spinning process is formic acid, the concentration is 24%, the temperature is 120 ℃, the steam feeding speed is 1m/s, an intermittent feeding mode is adopted, the total time of intermittent feeding is 90min, the ratio of feeding time to non-feeding time is 2:1, and the steam releasing speed from the small holes of the protrusions 2 is 0.9 m/s.

The obtained composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions is of a composite structure, and is respectively provided with a covering layer, a nanofiber layer and a base material from top to bottom, wherein the covering layer is made of polyethylene, and the gram weight of the covering layer is 110g/m²The porosity is 66 percent, the aperture is 1.6mm, the specific surface area increasing rate of the base material after etching is 33 percent, and the bulk density of the nanofiber layer is 0.0164g/cm³The gram weight is 19g/m²The light transmittance of the window screen is 74 percent and is 30m³In the experimental chamber, the initial concentration of formaldehyde is 1mg/m³Initial benzene concentration of 2mg/m³，1m²The window screen can reduce the formaldehyde content to 0.076 mg/(m) within 46min³H) the benzene content can be reduced to 0.076 mg/(m)³H) the toluene content can be reduced to 0.142 mg/(m)³H), the abrasion resistance of the nanofiber layer is 14.2% of weight loss rate after 50 circles of friction, the filtration efficiency of 5 mu m particles is 90%, and the resistance pressure drop is 34 Pa.

Example 9

1) polyethylene glycol (avastin M109716, weight average molecular weight 5000 Dalton) was dissolved in methanol to obtain a polymer spinning solution with a concentration of 34 wt%, and jade powder as an additive.

2) Determining the specification of the receiving device: as shown in FIG. 2, the cross section of the roller 1 is circular, and the sectional area is 330cm²The length L1 is 52cm, and the material is iron; the thickness T1 of the wall of the roller is 5.8 cm. The bulges 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the roller 1, the shape of the bulges is cuboid, and the material of the bulges is the same as that of the roller 1. The height H of the bulge 2 is 0.9mm, and the sectional area is 4.2mm²The thickness T2 is 0.18mm, and the distance D between two adjacent bulges 2 on the roller 1 is 0.9 mm. The holes are round and have an area of 0.4mm²。

3) Selecting a receiving substrate: the base material is window screen, the mesh is triangular, the material is nylon, the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 13 μm, and the area of the mesh is 3mm²The gram weight is 70g/m²。

4) Electrostatic spinning: by adopting the electrostatic spinning receiving device, the base material is placed on the roller 1, the additive is mixed into the polymer spinning solution and sprayed out together for electrostatic spinning, the concentration of the additive is 3 wt%, a nanofiber layer is formed, etching steam is fed through the high-temperature steam generating device in the electrostatic spinning process, the etching steam is discharged from the holes of the protrusions 2, etching is formed on the surface of the base material in contact with the etching steam, and the specific surface area of the base material is increased. Spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 64kV, the receiving distance is 50cm, the perfusion speed is 4.3mL/h, the roller rotating speed is 74r/min, the temperature is 20 ℃, the humidity is 39 percent, and the spinning time is 100 min; the etching steam fed in the electrostatic spinning process is acetic acid, the concentration is 26%, the temperature is 140 ℃, the steam feeding speed is 1m/s, an intermittent feeding mode is adopted, the total time of intermittent feeding is 100min, the ratio of feeding time to non-feeding time is 3:1, and the steam releasing speed from the small holes of the protrusions 2 is 1 m/s.

The obtained composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions is of a composite structure, and is respectively provided with a covering layer, a nanofiber layer and a base material from top to bottom, wherein the obtained negative ion anti-haze window screen is made of polypropylene, and the gram weight of the covering layer is 130g/m²The porosity is 64 percent, the aperture is 1.6mm, the specific surface area increasing rate of the base material after etching is 36 percent, and the stacking density of the nanofiber layer is 0.019g/cm³The gram weight is 21g/m²The light transmittance of the window screen is 72 percent and is 30m³In the experimental chamber, the initial concentration of formaldehyde is 1mg/m³Initial benzene concentration of 2mg/m³，1m²The window screen can reduce the formaldehyde content to 0.073 mg/(m) within 44min³H) the benzene content can be reduced to 0.073 mg/(m)³H) the toluene content can be reduced to 0.136 mg/(m)³H), the abrasion resistance of the nanofiber layer is 13.6% of weight loss rate after 50 circles of friction, the filtration efficiency of 5 μm particles is 95%, and the resistance pressure drop is 37 Pa.

Example 10

1) polysulfone (Aldrich428302, weight average molecular weight 35000 daltons) was dissolved in acetone to give a polymer spinning solution with a concentration of 37 wt% with metal oxide as an additive.

2) Determining the specification of the receiving device: the cross section of the roller 1 is circular, and the sectional area is 360cm²The length L1 is 54cm, and the material is copper; the thickness T1 of the wall of the roller is 6.4 cm. The bulges 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the roller 1, the shape of the bulges is a cube, and the material of the bulges is the same as that of the roller 1. The height H of the bulge 2 is 0.95mm, and the sectional area is 4.4mm²The thickness T2 is 0.19mm, and the distance D between two adjacent bulges 2 on the roller 1 is 0.95 mm. The holes are square and have an area of 0.45mm²。

3) Selecting a receiving substrate: the base material is window screen, the mesh is square, the material is nylon, the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 14.5 mu m, and the area of the mesh is 3.4mm²The gram weight is 80g/m²。

4) Electrostatic spinning: by adopting the electrostatic spinning receiving device, the base material is placed on the roller 1, the additive is mixed into the polymer spinning solution and sprayed out together for electrostatic spinning, the concentration of the additive is 4 wt%, a nanofiber layer is formed, etching steam is fed through the high-temperature steam generating device in the electrostatic spinning process, the etching steam is discharged from the holes of the protrusions 2, etching is formed on the surface of the base material in contact with the etching steam, and the specific surface area of the base material is increased. Spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 70kV, the receiving distance is 55cm, the perfusion speed is 4.6mL/h, the rotating speed of a roller is 80r/min, the temperature is 25 ℃, the humidity is 42 percent, and the spinning time is 110 min; the etching steam fed in the electrostatic spinning process is acetic acid, the concentration is 28%, the temperature is 140 ℃, the steam feeding speed is 1m/s, an intermittent feeding mode is adopted, the total time of intermittent feeding is 110min, the ratio of feeding time to non-feeding time is 4:1, and the steam releasing speed from the small holes of the protrusions 2 is 1.1 m/s.

The obtained composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions is of a composite structure, and is respectively provided with a covering layer, a nanofiber layer and a base material from top to bottom, wherein the covering layer of the obtained negative ion anti-haze window screen is compounded by polypropylene/polyethylene, and the gram weight of the covering layer is 140g/m²The porosity is 62 percent, the aperture is 1.4mm, the specific surface area increasing rate of the base material after etching is 40 percent, and the stacking density of the nanofiber layer is 0.0216g/cm³The gram weight is 24g/m²The light transmittance of the window screen is 70 percent and is 30m³In the experimental chamber, the initial concentration of formaldehyde is 1mg/m³Initial benzene concentration of 2mg/m³，1m²The window screen can reduce the formaldehyde content to 0.070 mg/(m) within 42min³H) the benzene content can be reduced to 0.070 mg/(m)³H) the toluene content can be reduced to 0.130 mg/(m)³H), the abrasion resistance of the nanofiber layer is 13% of weight loss after 50 circles of friction, the filtration efficiency for 5 μm particles is 100%, and the resistance pressure drop is 40 Pa.

Example 11

1) dissolving polyether sulfone (Basf E1010, weight average molecular weight 24000 Dalton) in N-methyl pyrrolidone to obtain polymer spinning solution with concentration of 40 wt%, and tourmaline as additive.

2) Determining the specification of the receiving device: the cross section of the roller 1 is circular, and the cross section area is 390cm²The length L1 is 56cm, and the material is aluminum; the thickness T1 of the wall of the roller is 7 cm. The bulges 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the roller 1, the shape of the bulges is cuboid, and the material of the bulges is the same as that of the roller 1. The height H of the bulge 2 is 1.05mm, and the sectional area is 4.6mm²The thickness T2 is 0.2mm, and the distance D between two adjacent bulges 2 on the roller 1 is 1 mm. The holes are rectangular and have an area of 0.5mm²。

3) Selecting a receiving substrate: the base material is window screen, the mesh is rectangular and made of nylon, the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 16 mu m, and the area of the mesh is 3.7mm²The gram weight is 90g/m²。

4) Electrostatic spinning: by adopting the electrostatic spinning receiving device, the base material is placed on the roller 1, the additive is mixed into the polymer spinning solution and sprayed out together for electrostatic spinning, the concentration of the additive is 5 wt%, a nanofiber layer is formed, etching steam is fed through the high-temperature steam generating device in the electrostatic spinning process, the etching steam is discharged from the holes of the protrusions 2, etching is formed on the surface of the base material in contact with the etching steam, and the specific surface area of the base material is increased. Spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 76kV, the receiving distance is 60cm, the perfusion speed is 4.9mL/h, the roller rotating speed is 86r/min, the temperature is 30 ℃, the humidity is 45 percent, and the spinning time is 120 min; the etching steam fed in the electrostatic spinning process is formic acid, the concentration is 30%, the temperature is 120 ℃, the steam feeding speed is 1m/s, an intermittent feeding mode is adopted, the total time of intermittent feeding is 120min, the time ratio of feeding to non-feeding is 1:4, and the steam release speed from the small holes of the protrusions 2 is 2 m/s.

The obtained composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions is of a composite structure and is respectively provided with a covering layer, a nanofiber layer and a base material from top to bottom, the obtained negative ion anti-haze window screen is made of polyethylene for the covering layer, and the gram weight of the covering layer is 144g/m²The porosity is 60%, the aperture is 1.4mm, the specific surface area increase rate of the base material after etching is 43%, and the bulk density of the nanofiber layer is 0.0242g/cm³The gram weight is 27g/m²The light transmittance of the window screen is 68 percent and is 30m³In the experimental chamber, the initial concentration of formaldehyde is 1mg/m³Initial benzene concentration of 2mg/m³，1m²The window screen can reduce the formaldehyde content to 0.067 mg/(m) within 40min³H) the benzene content can be reduced to 0.067 mg/(m)³H) the toluene content can be reduced to 0.124 mg/(m)³H), the abrasion resistance of the nanofiber layer is 12.4% of weight loss rate after 50 circles of friction, the filtration efficiency of 2 μm particles is 80%, and the resistance pressure drop is 43 Pa.

Example 12

1) mixing nylon 6 (Alatin P128923 with weight average molecular weight of 10000 Dalton) and nylon 66 (Alatin P111447 with weight average molecular weight of 13000 Dalton) and dissolving in formic acid to obtain polymer spinning solution, wherein the mixing ratio is 1: 1, the solution concentration is 10 wt%, and silicon carbide is used as an additive.

2) Determining the specification of the receiving device: the cross section of the roller 1 is circular, and the cross section area is 420cm²The length L1 is 58cm, and the material is iron; the thickness T1 of the wall of the roller is 7.6 cm. The bulges 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the roller 1, are cylindrical and are made of the same material as the roller 1. The height H of the bulge 2 is 1.1mm, and the sectional area is 4.8mm²The thickness T2 is 0.21mm, and the distance D between two adjacent bulges 2 on the roller 1 is 0.5 mm. The holes are triangular and have an area of 0.55mm²。

3) Selecting a receiving substrate: the base material is window screen, the mesh is round, the material is nylon, the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 17.5 μm, and the area of the mesh is 4mm²The gram weight is 100g/m²。

4) Electrostatic spinning: by adopting the electrostatic spinning receiving device, the base material is placed on the roller 1, the additive is mixed into the polymer spinning solution and sprayed out together for electrostatic spinning, the concentration of the additive is 0.01 wt%, a nanofiber layer is formed, etching steam is fed through the high-temperature steam generating device in the electrostatic spinning process, the etching steam is discharged from the holes of the protrusions 2, etching is formed on the surface of the base material in contact with the etching steam, and the specific surface area of the base material is increased. Spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 82kV, the receiving distance is 65m, the perfusion speed is 5.2mL/h, the rotating speed of a roller is 92r/min, the temperature is 35 ℃, the humidity is 48 percent, and the spinning time is 130 min; the etching steam fed in the electrostatic spinning process is formic acid, the concentration is 35%, the temperature is 120 ℃, the steam feeding speed is 1m/s, an intermittent feeding mode is adopted, the total time of intermittent feeding is 130min, the time ratio of feeding to non-feeding is 1:3, and the steam releasing speed from the small holes of the protrusions 2 is 1.3 m/s.

The obtained composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions is of a composite structure and is respectively provided with a covering layer, a nanofiber layer and a base material from top to bottom, the obtained negative ion anti-haze window screen is made of polypropylene, and the gram weight of the covering layer is 147g/m²The porosity is 58 percent, the pore diameter is 1.4mm, the specific surface area increasing rate of the base material after etching is 47 percent, and the bulk density of the nanofiber layer is 0.0268g/cm³The gram weight is 30g/m²The light transmittance of the window screen is 66 percent and is 30m³In the experimental chamber, the initial concentration of formaldehyde is 1mg/m³Initial benzene concentration of 2mg/m³，1m²The window screen can reduce the formaldehyde content to 0.064 mg/(m) within 38min³H) the benzene content can be reduced to 0.064 mg/(m)³H) the toluene content can be reduced to 0.118 mg/(m)³H), the abrasion resistance of the nanofiber layer is 11.8% of weight loss rate after 50 circles of friction, the filtration efficiency of 2 μm particles is 85%, and the resistance pressure drop is 46 Pa.

Example 13

1) dissolving polyethylene glycol (Alatin M109716, weight average molecular weight of 5000 Dalton) and polyvinyl alcohol (Alatin P119575, weight average molecular weight of 21000 Dalton) in water, mixing at a ratio of 1:2 to obtain polymer spinning solution with concentration of 13 wt%, and using anion ceramic powder as additive.

2) Determining the specification of the receiving device: the cross section of the roller 1 is circular, and the cross section is 450cm²The length L1 is 60m, and the material is copper; the thickness T1 of the wall of the roller is 8.2 cm. The bulges 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the roller 1, the shapes of the bulges are triangular prisms, and the materials of the bulges are the same as those of the roller 1. The height H of the bulge 2 is 1.15mm, and the sectional area is 5mm²The thickness T2 is 0.22mm, and the distance D between two adjacent bulges 2 on the roller 1 is 0.55 mm. The holes are round and have an area of 0.6mm²。

3) Selecting a receiving substrate: the base material is window screen, the mesh is triangular, the material is nylon, the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 19 mu m, and the area of the mesh is 4.4mm²The gram weight is 100g/m²。

4) Electrostatic spinning: by adopting the electrostatic spinning receiving device, the base material is placed on the roller 1, the additive is mixed into the polymer spinning solution and sprayed out together for electrostatic spinning, the concentration of the additive is 0.05 wt%, a nanofiber layer is formed, etching steam is fed through the high-temperature steam generating device in the electrostatic spinning process, the etching steam is discharged from the holes of the protrusions 2, etching is formed on the surface of the base material in contact with the etching steam, and the specific surface area of the base material is increased. Spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 90kV, the receiving distance is 70cm, the perfusion speed is 5.5mL/h, the rotating speed of a roller is 98r/min, the temperature is 40 ℃, the humidity is 51 percent, and the spinning time is 140 min; the etching steam fed in the electrostatic spinning process is acetic acid, the concentration is 40%, the temperature is 140 ℃, the steam feeding speed is 1m/s, an intermittent feeding mode is adopted, the total time of intermittent feeding is 140min, the time ratio of feeding to non-feeding is 1:2, and the steam releasing speed from the small holes of the protrusions 2 is 1.4 m/s.

The obtained composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions is of a composite structure and is respectively provided with a covering layer, a nanofiber layer and a coating layer from top to bottomThe base material, the obtained negative ion haze-proof window screen and the covering layer are compounded by polypropylene/polyethylene, and the gram weight is 150g/m²The porosity is 56%, the aperture is 1.4mm, the specific surface area increase rate of the base material after etching is 50%, and the bulk density of the nanofiber layer is 0.0294g/cm³The gram weight is 33g/m²The light transmittance of the window screen is 64 percent and is 30m³In the experimental chamber, the initial concentration of formaldehyde is 1mg/m³Initial benzene concentration of 2mg/m³，1m²The window screen can reduce the formaldehyde content to 0.061 mg/(m) within 36min³H) the benzene content can be reduced to 0.061 mg/(m)³H) the toluene content can be reduced to 0.112 mg/(m)³H), the abrasion resistance of the nanofiber layer is 11.2% of weight loss rate after 50 circles of friction, the filtration efficiency of 2 μm particles is 90%, and the resistance pressure drop is 49 Pa.

Example 14

1) polymethyl methacrylate (Alatin P107082, weight average molecular weight of 8000 Dalton) and polystyrene (Jiangsu Saibaolon GP525, weight average molecular weight of 33000 Dalton) are dissolved in N, N-dimethylacetamide, and the mixture ratio is 2:1, so as to obtain a polymer spinning solution, wherein the solution concentration is 16 wt%, and jade powder is used as an additive.

2) Determining the specification of the receiving device: the cross section of the roller 1 is circular, and the cross section is 480cm²The length L1 is 62m, and the material is aluminum; the thickness T1 of the wall of the roller is 8.8 cm. The bulges 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the roller 1, the shape of the bulges is a cube, and the material of the bulges is the same as that of the roller 1. The height H of the bulge 2 is 1.2mm, and the sectional area is5.2mm²The thickness T2 is 0.23mm, and the distance D between two adjacent bulges 2 on the roller 1 is 0.6 mm. The holes are square and have an area of 0.65mm²。

3) Selecting a receiving substrate: the base material is window screen, the mesh is square, the material is nylon, the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 20.5 mu m, and the area of the mesh is 4.7mm²The gram weight is 110g/m²。

4) Electrostatic spinning: by adopting the electrostatic spinning receiving device, the base material is placed on the roller 1, the additive is mixed into the polymer spinning solution and sprayed out together for electrostatic spinning, the concentration of the additive is 0.1 wt%, a nanofiber layer is formed, etching steam is fed through the high-temperature steam generating device in the electrostatic spinning process, the etching steam is discharged from the holes of the protrusions 2, etching is formed on the surface of the base material in contact with the etching steam, and the specific surface area of the base material is increased. Spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 100kV, the receiving distance is 75cm, the perfusion speed is 5.8mL/h, the rotating speed of a roller is 104r/min, the temperature is 10 ℃, the humidity is 54 percent, and the spinning time is 150 min; the etching steam fed in the electrostatic spinning process is formic acid, the concentration is 45%, the temperature is 120 ℃, the steam feeding speed is 1m/s, an intermittent feeding mode is adopted, the total time of intermittent feeding is 150min, the time ratio of feeding to non-feeding is 1: 1, and the steam releasing speed from the small holes of the protrusions 2 is 1.5 m/s.

The obtained composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions is of a composite structure and is respectively provided with a covering layer, a nanofiber layer and a base material from top to bottom, the obtained negative ion anti-haze window screen is made of polyethylene for the covering layer, and the gram weight of the covering layer is 154g/m²The porosity is 55 percent, the aperture is 1.2mm, the specific surface area increasing rate of the base material after being etched is 53 percent, and the stacking density of the nanofiber layer is 0.032g/cm³The gram weight is 37g/m²The light transmittance of the window screen is 62 percent and is 30m³In the experimental chamber, the initial concentration of formaldehyde is 1mg/m³Initial benzene concentration of 2mg/m³，1m²The window screen can reduce the formaldehyde content to 0.058 mg/(m) within 34min³H) benzene can be reactedThe content is reduced to 0.058 mg/(m)³H) the toluene content can be reduced to 0.106 mg/(m)³H), the abrasion resistance of the nanofiber layer is 10.6% of weight loss rate after 50 circles of friction, the filtration efficiency of 2 mu m particles is 95%, and the resistance pressure drop is 52 Pa.

Example 15

1) polyaniline (weight average molecular weight of 60000 dalton, from Shijiazhui Anya New Material science and technology Co., Ltd.) and polyethylene oxide (Aladdin P101340, weight average molecular weight of 300000 dalton) were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, and a polymer spinning solution was obtained at a mixing ratio of 1:3, the solution concentration was 19 wt%, and a metal oxide was used as an additive.

2) Determining the specification of the receiving device: the cross section of the roller 1 is circular, and the sectional area is 510cm²The length L1 is 64m, and the material is iron; the thickness T1 of the wall of the roller is 9.2 cm. The bulges 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the roller 1, the shape of the bulges is cuboid, and the material of the bulges is the same as that of the roller 1. The height H of the bulge 2 is 1.25mm, and the sectional area is 5.4mm²The thickness T2 is 0.24mm, and the distance D between two adjacent bulges 2 on the roller 1 is 0.65 mm. The holes are rectangular and have an area of 0.7mm²。

3) Selecting a receiving substrate: the base material is window screen, the mesh is rectangular and made of nylon, the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 22 mu m, and the area of the mesh is 5mm²The gram weight is 110g/m²。

4) Electrostatic spinning: by adopting the electrostatic spinning receiving device, the base material is placed on the roller 1, the additive is mixed into the polymer spinning solution and sprayed out together for electrostatic spinning, the concentration of the additive is 0.2 wt%, a nanofiber layer is formed, etching steam is fed through the high-temperature steam generating device in the electrostatic spinning process, the etching steam is discharged from the holes of the protrusions 2, etching is formed on the surface of the base material in contact with the etching steam, and the specific surface area of the base material is increased. Spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 100kV, the receiving distance is 75cm, the perfusion speed is 5.8mL/h, the rotating speed of a roller is 104r/min, the temperature is 10 ℃, the humidity is 54 percent, and the spinning time is 150 min; the etching steam fed in the electrostatic spinning process is formic acid, the concentration is 50%, the temperature is 120 ℃, the steam feeding speed is 1m/s, an intermittent feeding mode is adopted, the total time of intermittent feeding is 150min, the time ratio of feeding to non-feeding is 1: 1, and the steam releasing speed from the small holes of the protrusions 2 is 1.5 m/s.

The obtained composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing negative ions is of a composite structure, and is respectively provided with a covering layer, a nanofiber layer and a base material from top to bottom, wherein the covering layer is made of polypropylene, and the gram weight of the covering layer is 157g/m²The porosity is 54 percent, the pore diameter is 1.1mm, the specific surface area increasing rate of the base material after etching is 56 percent, and the bulk density of the nanofiber layer is 0.0346g/cm³The gram weight is 40g/m²The light transmittance of the window screen is 60 percent and is 30m³In the experimental chamber, the initial concentration of formaldehyde is 1mg/m³Initial benzene concentration of 2mg/m³，1m²The window screen can reduce the formaldehyde content to 0.055 mg/(m) within 32min³H) the benzene content can be reduced to 0.055 mg/(m)³H) the toluene content can be reduced to 0.1 mg/(m)³H), the abrasion resistance of the nanofiber layer is 10% of weight loss rate after 50 circles of friction, the filtration efficiency for 2 μm particles is 100%, and the resistance pressure drop is 55 Pa.

Claims

1. The preparation method of the composite anti-haze window screen capable of releasing the negative ions is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:

step 2: the electrostatic spinning receiving device comprises a roller (1), wherein a plurality of hollow bulges (2) are arranged on the surface of the roller (1), one surface of each bulge (2) is in contact with the roller (1), the contact surface of each bulge (2) and the roller (1) can be communicated to the inside of the roller (1), the opposite surfaces of the bulges are closed, holes are formed in other surfaces except the two surfaces, the inside of the roller (1) is of a hollow structure, one end of each bulge is connected with a high-temperature steam generating device, and the other end of each bulge is closed; the cross section of the roller (1) is circular, and the sectional area is 100-1000 cm²The length L1 is 30-100 cm, and the material is iron, aluminum, copper or other conductive materials; the thickness T1 of the wall of the roller is 2-20 cm; the bulges (2) are regularly arranged on the surface of the roller (1), are triangular prisms, cubes, cuboids or cylinders, and are made of the same material as the roller (1); the height H of the protrusion (2) is 0.5-2 mm, and the sectional area is 0.25-9 mm²The thickness T2 is 0.1-0.5 mm, and the distance D between two adjacent bulges (2) on the roller (1) is 0.5-1 mm; the holes are round, square, rectangular or triangular in shape and have an area of 0.01-1 mm²(ii) a Placing a base material on a roller (1) of an electrostatic spinning receiving device, dispersing an additive into a dispersion liquid to form an additive dispersion liquid, independently spraying the additive dispersion liquid and a polymer spinning solution to carry out electrostatic spraying and electrostatic spinning respectively, or mixing the additive into the polymer spinning solution to spray the additive and the polymer spinning solution together to carry out electrostatic spinning to form a nanofiber layer, sending etching steam through a high-temperature steam generating device in the electrostatic spinning process, discharging the etching steam from holes of protrusions (2) of the electrostatic spinning receiving device, etching the surface of the base material contacted with the etching steam, and increasing the specific surface area of the base material; the additive is tourmaline, diatomite, fly ash, negative ion ceramic powder, metal oxide or silicon carbide; the base material is a window screen;

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer is at least one of fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypropylene, soluble polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl butyral, polystyrene, polyester, polyvinyl acetate, nylon 6, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethyl methacrylate, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylonitrile, polycaprolactone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene glycol, polyurethane, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinylether, and polyvinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene; the solvent is more than one of formic acid, tetrahydrofuran, water, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, acetone, chloroform, cresol, dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, toluene, N-methylpyrrolidone and methyl ethyl ketone.

3. The method for preparing the anion releasing composite anti-haze window screen as claimed in claim 2, wherein the polyester is polyethylene terephthalate.

4. The method for preparing the anion-releasing composite haze-proof window screen according to claim 1, wherein the mesh shape of the base material is triangle, square, rectangle or circle, the material is nylon or metal, the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 1 to 50 μm, and the area of the mesh is 0.3 to 10mm²。

5. The method for preparing the anion-releasing composite anti-haze window screen as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the polymer spinning solution is 10-40 wt%, and the concentration of the additive dispersion solution is 10-40 wt%; the concentration of the additive in the solution formed by mixing the additive into the polymer spinning solution is 0.01-5 wt%; when the additive dispersion liquid and the polymer spinning solution are independently sprayed out for electrostatic spraying and electrostatic spinning respectively, the spinning parameters of the polymer solution are as follows: the voltage is 10-100 kV, the receiving distance is 5-150 cm, the filling speed is 0.1-10 mL/h, the rotating speed of a roller is 20-200 r/min, the temperature is 10-40 ℃, the humidity is 10-99%, and the spinning time is 10-300 min; electrostatic spraying parameters of the additive dispersion: the voltage is 10-100 kV, the receiving distance is 5-150 cm, the filling speed is 0.1-10 mL/h, the rotating speed of a roller is 20-200 r/min, the temperature is 10-40 ℃, the humidity is 10-99%, and the spinning time is 10-300 min; spinning parameters for mixing additives into the polymer spinning solution for spinning together: the voltage is 10-100 kV, the receiving distance is 5-150 cm, the filling speed is 0.1-10 mL/h, the rotating speed of a roller is 20-200 r/min, the temperature is 10-40 ℃, the humidity is 10-99%, and the spinning time is 10-300 min.

6. The method for preparing the anion-releasing composite anti-haze window screen as claimed in claim 1, wherein the etching steam comprises a formic acid solution, an acetic acid solution, a sodium hydroxide solution, a copper sulfate solution, a sodium carbonate solution or a magnesium carbonate solution, the concentration of the etching steam is 10% -80%, the steam feeding speed is 0.1-3 m/s, the feeding mode is intermittent feeding or continuous feeding, the total time of the intermittent feeding is 10-300 min, and the feeding is as follows: the non-feeding time ratio is 1: 1. 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 4:1, 3:1 or 2: 1; the continuous feeding time is 10-300 min, the releasing speed of steam from the holes of the bulges (2) is 0.1-3 m/s, and the specific surface area increasing rate of the etched base material is 10-90%.

7. The method for preparing the anion-releasing composite anti-haze window screen according to claim 1, wherein the anion-releasing composite anti-haze window screen is of a composite structure and comprises a covering layer, a nanofiber layer and a base material from top to bottom, the covering layer is made of polypropylene, polyethylene, polypropylene/polyethylene, nylon or metal, and the gram weight of the covering layer is 10-200 g/m²The nanofiber layer has a bulk density of 0.006-0.084 g/cm³The gram weight is 0.01-70 g/m²The base material is polypropylene, polyethylene, polypropylene/polyethylene, nylon or metal, and the gram weight is 10-200 g/m²。

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the anion releasable composite anti-haze window screen is capable of releasing anionsThe transmittance of the composite anti-haze window screen is 30-90%, and the formaldehyde content can be reduced to 0.01-0.10 mg/(m) within 5-60 min³H) can reduce the benzene content to 0.01-0.11 mg/(m)³H) can reduce the toluene content to 0.01-0.20 mg/(m)³H), the abrasion resistance of the nanofiber layer is 1% -20% of weight loss rate after 50 circles of friction, the filtration efficiency of particles with the particle size of 0.3-10 mu m is 80-100%, and the resistance pressure drop is 10-100 Pa.

9. The anion releasing composite anti-haze window screen prepared by the method for preparing the anion releasing composite anti-haze window screen according to any one of claims 1 to 8.