CN106616000A - Two feeds used for regulating and controlling color of river crabs and feeding method thereof - Google Patents
Two feeds used for regulating and controlling color of river crabs and feeding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses two feeds used for regulating and controlling color of river crabs and a feeding method thereof. The two feeds used for regulating and controlling the color of the river crabs are composed of a growth-stage feed and a fattening-stage feed; the growth-stage feed and the fattening-stage feed contain carotenoid components and nutrients at required amount needed for adult crab developments and gonad development stages of the river crabs. Being scientifically fed with the two feed for 80-100 days, the red cream rates of the river crabs can be 85% or higher, the redness of the crab shells and the ovarian can be respectively 16 and 25 or higher, and the total carotenoid contents in the crab shells and the ovarian can be respectively up to 80mg/kg and 350mg/kg or higher as dry weight. The two feeds used for regulating and controlling the color of the river crabs are suitable for application by feed enterprises, crab breeding enterprises and aquaculture farmers; and the two feeds are capable of reducing feed cost, improving color of the river crabs and enhancing immunity, so that the two feeds are thereby capable of improving river crab breeding benefits and reducing breeding risk.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to feed for river crab and its feeding method, more particularly to two kinds river crab color and luster regulation feedstuffs and its side of feeding
Method.
Background technology
Eriocheir sinensis (Eriocheir sinensis) abbreviation river crab, steamed crab, be the important cultivated crabs class of China it
One；It is deep to be liked by consumers in general because river crab nutritive value is abundant, unique flavor, with higher economic worth, 2015
Year national culture of Chinese mitten crab total output be up to 82.3 ten thousand tons (fishery fisheries administrative office of the Ministry of Agriculture, 2016)；Although pond culture is for I
The major way of state's culture of Chinese mitten crab, but the shell color after Pond-farming of River Crabs is boiled, ovary and hepatopancrease color are generally thin, and it is wild
The river crab of raw and lake propagation boil after generally shell color and ovary color it is redder (Kong et al., 2012；Ma Mingjun, 2015)；
Due to color and luster be affect crustacean sensory evaluation and economic worth one of key factor (Meilgaard et al., 2007；
Chien et al.,1992；Tume et al.,2009；Regunathan et al,2006；Kong et al,2012；Ma Ming
Monarch, 2015), the economic worth of the thin river crab of color and luster it is relatively low (Ma Mingjun, 2015).Therefore, the color of Pond-farming of River Crabs is improved
Pool is particularly significant.
There are some researches show, the color and luster of crustacean and its internal carotenoid (especially astaxanthin) close phase of content
Close (Supamattaya et al, 2005；Wade et al.,2015)；Although crustacean itself cannot de novo formation shrimp green grass or young crops
The carotenoid such as element, but its using bait in outer source carotenoid directly storage or be deposited on after converting in vivo (Dall,
1995；Boonyaratpalin et al.,2001；Wade et al,2015)；Previous research show that feed adds carotenoids
Element is to improving crustacean shell color effect is significant, and the coloring effect of astaxanthin is better than other carotenoid (Barbosa et
al,1999；Gong Zhi etc., 2014；Paibulkichakul et al.,2008；Amar et al.,2001).At present, feed is used
Astaxanthin mainly has artificial synthesized and two kinds of sources of natural astaxanthin, and natural astaxanthin is mainly derived from haematococcus pluvialis, price
It is very expensive, it is converted to yuan/gram of pure astaxanthin price about 60, natural astaxanthin predominantly trans (trans), left-handed astaxanthin,
And with esterified form presence, therefore, aquatic animal it is had higher bioavailable efficiency (Smith et al., 1992；
Salarzadeh and Rajabi,2015；Bjerkeng et al.,2000)；Artificial synthesized astaxanthin price is relatively cheap
(15 yuan/gram), convenient sources, are the main sources of current feeding astaxanthin, but the predominantly free shrimp of artificial synthesized astaxanthin
, there is 50% or so formal (cis) astaxanthin, and left-right rotary half and half in blue or green element, therefore the artificial synthesized astaxanthin pair of same concentrations
The coloring effect and immune effect of aquatic animal is worse than natural astaxanthin, in addition about formal and dextrorotation astaxanthin to human body can
Can act on and not yet fully be assessed, therefore application of the artificial synthesized astaxanthin in feed and food receives certain impact
(Bjerkeng et al.,2000；Parisenti et al,2010；Salarzadeh and Rajabi,2015).
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to be directed to the thin present situation of Pond-farming of River Crabs color and luster, there is provided two kinds not only may be used
To improve river crab color and luster, and the feed for river crab and its feeding method of feed formula cost can be greatly lowered.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, technical scheme is as follows：
Two kinds of river crab color and luster regulation feedstuffs, the feed is made up of growth phase feed and fattening stage feed；
The growth phase feed is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：Inlet steam fish meal 10-15 parts, meat meal tankage 5-8
Part, dregs of beans 20-24 parts, peanut meal 8-12 parts, 8 parts of cotton dregs, rapeseed meal 10-12 part, flour 14-17 parts, 4 parts of shrimp head powder, dusty yeast 2
Part, 2 parts of soyabean lecithin oil, 1.0 parts of refined fish oil, 1.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Choline Chloride 0.3-0.8 parts, B B-complex
0.1-0.2 parts, 0.3 part of cholesterol, 0.5 part of composite mineral matter, 2 parts of spirulina powder, canthaxanthin addition is 10mg/kg feeds,
Luteole and lutein total addition level are 10mg/kg feeds, and trans left-handed astaxanthin addition is 5mg/kg feeds；
The fattening stage feed is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：Inlet steam fish meal 15-20 parts, 5 parts of digested tankage, beans
Dregs of rice 18-24 parts, 10 parts of peanut meal, rapeseed meal 10-12 part, corn 8-12 parts, 14 parts of wheat-middlings, 4 parts of shrimp head powder, 3 parts of soyabean lecithin oil,
2.0 parts of refined fish oil, 2 parts of lard, 1 part of soya-bean oil, 1 part of rapeseed oil, 1 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of Choline Chloride is combined dimension life
0.2 part of element, 0.3 part of cholesterol, 0.5 part of composite mineral matter, 1.5 parts of spirulina powder, 0.2 part of glycine betaine, vitamin E 50mg/kg
Feed, canthaxanthin addition is 10mg/kg feeds, and luteole and lutein total addition level are 10mg/kg feeds, trans left-handed
Astaxanthin addition is 20mg/kg feeds.
In one embodiment of the invention, the growth phase feed and fattening stage feed pass through ultramicro grinding, mix
Close, grit or heavy property expanded pellet diet are made in quenched and granulation.
In one embodiment of the invention, the refined fish oil and part liposoluble vitamin are added to by rear spraying
In growth phase feed and fattening stage feed.
In one embodiment of the invention, the particle diameter of the growth phase feed is 2.5-3mm, and length is 4mm；Fatten
The particle diameter of stage feed is 3-3.5mm, and length is 5mm.
The feeding method of two kinds of river crab color and luster regulation feedstuffs, feeds step as follows：
(1) continuously fed more than 40 days using growth phase feed into before crab reproduction shell, until more than 80% male and female into
Crab completes reproduction shell, i.e., the 5th time shell, and sexual gland Rapid development is just started after shell, and pond water temperature is usually 25-30 degree,
2.5-3.5% of river crab gross weight or so, daily afternoon 18 are usually per day feeding volume:00 or so feeds, and is fed with phytal zone
Based on；
(2) continuously fed more than 40 days using fattening stage feed into after crab reproduction shell, until female crab average ovarian refers to
Number is more than 8%, and male crab genital gland indices are more than 2.5%, you can fish for listing；The per day water temperature in pond is 24-30 degree, daily
Feeding volume is usually 2-3% of river crab gross weight or so, feeds daily twice, and morning feeding volume accounts for the 30-40% of whole day, feeds
Time is the morning 7:00 or so, fed with profundal zone based on；Afternoon, feeding volume accounted for the 60-70% of whole day, and Feeding time is afternoon
18:00 or so, fed with phytal zone based on；The per day water temperature in pond is less than 24 degree, and per day feeding volume river crab gross weight is usually
0.5-2% or so, feed 0.5-1 time daily, Feeding time is afternoon 17:00 or so.
In one embodiment of the invention, the Yangtze river basin is into crab pond culture, and the use time of growth phase feed is logical
Often in 7 months-late August, the use time of fattening stage feed is early September-late October；Liaohe River Basin is supported into crab pond
Grow, the use time of growth phase feed is usually in 6 below the moon-August, and the use time of fattening stage feed is mid-August -10
The beginning of the month.
In one embodiment of the invention, the main nutrient composition percentage by weight in the growth phase feed is：
Crude protein 34-38%, crude fat 5-8%, content of phospholipid is 1.5-2.5%, and total height unsaturated fatty acid content is 0.15-
0.3%, content beta-carotene is 20mg/kg feeds, and canthaxanthin content contains for 10mg/kg feeds, luteole and lutein
Measure as 10mg/kg feeds, trans left-handed content astaxanthin is 5mg/kg feeds, total carotinoid content is 45mg/kg feeds.
In one embodiment of the invention, the main nutrient composition percentage by weight in the fattening stage feed is：
Crude protein 38-42%, crude fat 8-10%, content of phospholipid is 3-4%, and total height unsaturated fatty acid content is 0.5-0.8%,
Trans left-handed content astaxanthin is 20mg/kg feeds, and content beta-carotene is 10mg/kg feeds, and canthaxanthin content is 10mg/
The content of kg feeds, luteole and lutein is 10mg/kg feeds, and total carotinoid content is 50mg/kg feeds.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows：
1st, the nutritional need of development is grown and fattened according to river crab, special feed is prepared, not only can reduce bait into
This, and culture efficiency can be improved, increase economic efficiency；
2nd, certain ability by " beta carotene and canthaxanthin are converted into astaxanthin " in feed is had according to river crab,
River crab growth phase needs higher beta carotene and canthaxanthin, therefore can reduce raising by the collocation of rational carotenoid
The addition of astaxanthin in material, so as to reduce feed cost；
3rd, by using growth phase feed after the third time into crab growth phase or the 4th shell, 40 are continuously fed
More than it so that river crab itself is able to enough accumulation in vivo from the astaxanthin that beta carotene and canthaxanthin are converted such that it is able to
Transport in crab shell rapidly after river crab shell, play a part of to adjust shell color；
4th, in river crab fattening stage, the fattening feed more than 40 days rich in astaxanthin and beta carotene is fed, improves shrimp blue or green
The content in ovary and hepatopancrease such as element, so as to improve the color and luster of ovary and hepatopancrease, improves the commodity value and food of river crab
With value；
5th, by the nutrition regulation in feed, particularly carotenoid regulation and control not only regulate and control color and luster, and can improve river
The anti-stress ability and immune performance of crab, so as to improve cultivation survival rate；
6th, by preparing two kinds of river crab special feeds, can substitute at present into widely used chilled trash fish in crab cultivation,
Corn and spiral shell etc., can improve into utilization rate of the crab to feed, reduce pollution of the bait to pond water quality；
7th, the science through 80-100 days feeds so that river crab with red rate up to more than 85%, crab shell and ovary redness point
Not up to 16 and more than 25, the total carotinoid in crab shell and ovary is respectively up to 80mg/kg dry weights and 350mg/kg dry weights.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the river crab shell colour contrast figure that present invention optimization feed and addition 50mg/kg astaxanthin feeds feed；
Fig. 2 is the river crab ovary color and luster comparison diagram that present invention optimization feed and addition 50mg/kg astaxanthin feeds feed；
Specific embodiment
In order that technological means, creation characteristic, reached purpose and effect that the present invention is realized are easy to understand, enter below
One step illustrates the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The invention discloses two kinds of river crab color and luster regulation feedstuffs, feed is by growth phase feed and fattening stage feed group
Into.Nutrition parameters, property of raw material and original of the empirically determined growth phase feed by following weight portion of filling a prescription according to growth phase
Material composition：10 parts of inlet steam fish meal, 5 parts of meat meal tankage, 20 parts of dregs of beans, 8 parts of peanut meal, 8 parts of cotton dregs, 10 parts of rapeseed meal, flour 14
Part, 4 parts of shrimp head powder, 2 parts of dusty yeast, 2 parts of soyabean lecithin oil, 1.0 parts of refined fish oil, 1.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Choline Chloride
0.3 part, 0.1 part of B B-complex, 0.3 part of cholesterol, 0.5 part of composite mineral matter, 2 parts of spirulina powder, canthaxanthin addition is
10mg/kg feeds, luteole and lutein total addition level are 10mg/kg feeds, and trans left-handed astaxanthin addition is 5mg/
Kg feeds；Nutrition parameters, property of raw material and empirically determined fattening stage of filling a prescription according to fattening stage (gonad development stage) are raised
Material is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：15 parts of inlet steam fish meal, 5 parts of digested tankage, 18 parts of dregs of beans, 10 parts of peanut meal, rapeseed meal 10
Part, 8 parts of corn, 14 parts of wheat-middlings, 4 parts of shrimp head powder, 3 parts of soyabean lecithin oil, 2.0 parts of refined fish oil, 2 parts of lard, 1 part of soya-bean oil, dish
1 part of seed oil, 1 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of Choline Chloride, 0.2 part of B B-complex, 0.3 part of cholesterol, composite mineral matter 0.5
Part, 1.5 parts of spirulina powder, 0.2 part of glycine betaine, vitamin E 50mg/kg feeds, canthaxanthin addition is 10mg/kg feeds, beautiful
Cream-coloured element and lutein total addition level are 10mg/kg feeds, and trans left-handed astaxanthin addition is 20mg/kg feeds.
Main nutrient composition percentage by weight in growth phase feed of the present invention is：Crude protein 34%, crude fat 5%,
Content of phospholipid is 1.5%, total height unsaturated fatty acid content be 0.15%, content beta-carotene be 20mg/kg feeds, angle
Flavine content for 10mg/kg feeds, luteole and lutein content be 10mg/kg feeds, trans left-handed content astaxanthin
For 5mg/kg feeds, total carotinoid content is 45mg/kg feeds.
Main nutrient composition percentage by weight in fattening stage feed of the present invention is：Crude protein 38%, crude fat 8%,
Content of phospholipid is 3%, and total height unsaturated fatty acid content is 0.5%, and trans left-handed content astaxanthin is 20mg/kg feeds,
Content beta-carotene is 10mg/kg feeds, and canthaxanthin content is for the content of 10mg/kg feeds, luteole and lutein
10mg/kg feeds, total carotinoid content is 50mg/kg feeds.
Embodiment 2
The invention discloses two kinds of river crab color and luster regulation feedstuffs, feed is by growth phase feed and fattening stage feed group
Into the nutrition parameters, property of raw material and original of the empirically determined growth phase feed by following weight portion of filling a prescription according to growth phase
Material composition：12 parts of inlet steam fish meal, 6 parts of meat meal tankage, 22 parts of dregs of beans, 10 parts of peanut meal, 8 parts of cotton dregs, 11 parts of rapeseed meal, flour 15
Part, 4 parts of shrimp head powder, 2 parts of dusty yeast, 2 parts of soyabean lecithin oil, 1.0 parts of refined fish oil, 1.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Choline Chloride
0.5 part, 0.1 part of B B-complex, 0.3 part of cholesterol, 0.5 part of composite mineral matter, 2 parts of spirulina powder, canthaxanthin addition is
10mg/kg feeds, luteole and lutein total addition level are 10mg/kg feeds, and trans left-handed astaxanthin addition is 5mg/
Kg feeds；Nutrition parameters, property of raw material and empirically determined fattening stage of filling a prescription according to fattening stage (gonad development stage) are raised
Material is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：18 parts of inlet steam fish meal, 5 parts of digested tankage, 20 parts of dregs of beans, 10 parts of peanut meal, rapeseed meal 11
Part, 10 parts of corn, 14 parts of wheat-middlings, 4 parts of shrimp head powder, 3 parts of soyabean lecithin oil, 2.0 parts of refined fish oil, 2 parts of lard, 1 part of soya-bean oil, dish
1 part of seed oil, 1 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of Choline Chloride, 0.2 part of B B-complex, 0.3 part of cholesterol, composite mineral matter 0.5
Part, 1.5 parts of spirulina powder, 0.2 part of glycine betaine, vitamin E 50mg/kg feeds, canthaxanthin addition is 10mg/kg feeds, beautiful
Cream-coloured element and lutein total addition level are 10mg/kg feeds, and trans left-handed astaxanthin addition is 20mg/kg feeds.
Main nutrient composition percentage by weight in growth phase feed of the present invention is：Crude protein 36%, crude fat 6%,
Content of phospholipid is 2%, total height unsaturated fatty acid content be 0.2%, content beta-carotene be 20mg/kg feeds, canthaxanthin
Content is 10mg/kg feeds for the content of 10mg/kg feeds, luteole and lutein, and trans left-handed content astaxanthin is
5mg/kg feeds, total carotinoid content is 45mg/kg feeds.
Main nutrient composition percentage by weight in fattening stage feed of the present invention is：Crude protein 40%, crude fat 9%,
Content of phospholipid is 3%, and total height unsaturated fatty acid content is 0.6%, and trans left-handed content astaxanthin is 20mg/kg feeds,
Content beta-carotene is 10mg/kg feeds, and canthaxanthin content is for the content of 10mg/kg feeds, luteole and lutein
10mg/kg feeds, total carotinoid content is 50mg/kg feeds.
Embodiment 3
The invention discloses two kinds of river crab color and luster regulation feedstuffs, feed is by growth phase feed and fattening stage feed group
Into the nutrition parameters, property of raw material and original of the empirically determined growth phase feed by following weight portion of filling a prescription according to growth phase
Material composition：15 parts of inlet steam fish meal, 8 parts of meat meal tankage, 24 parts of dregs of beans, 12 parts of peanut meal, 8 parts of cotton dregs, 12 parts of rapeseed meal, flour 17
Part, 4 parts of shrimp head powder, 2 parts of dusty yeast, 2 parts of soyabean lecithin oil, 1.0 parts of refined fish oil, 1.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Choline Chloride
0.8 part, 0.2 part of B B-complex, 0.3 part of cholesterol, 0.5 part of composite mineral matter, 2 parts of spirulina powder, canthaxanthin addition is
10mg/kg feeds, luteole and lutein total addition level are 10mg/kg feeds, and trans left-handed astaxanthin addition is 5mg/
Kg feeds；Nutrition parameters, property of raw material and empirically determined fattening stage of filling a prescription according to fattening stage (gonad development stage) are raised
Material is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：20 parts of inlet steam fish meal, 5 parts of digested tankage, 24 parts of dregs of beans, 10 parts of peanut meal, rapeseed meal 12
Part, 12 parts of corn, 14 parts of wheat-middlings, 4 parts of shrimp head powder, 3 parts of soyabean lecithin oil, 2.0 parts of refined fish oil, 2 parts of lard, 1 part of soya-bean oil, dish
1 part of seed oil, 1 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of Choline Chloride, 0.2 part of B B-complex, 0.3 part of cholesterol, composite mineral matter 0.5
Part, 1.5 parts of spirulina powder, 0.2 part of glycine betaine, vitamin E 50mg/kg feeds, canthaxanthin addition is 10mg/kg feeds, beautiful
Cream-coloured element and lutein total addition level are 10mg/kg feeds, and trans left-handed astaxanthin addition is 20mg/kg feeds.
Main nutrient composition percentage by weight in growth phase feed of the present invention is：Crude protein 38%, crude fat 8%,
Content of phospholipid is 2.5%, and total height unsaturated fatty acid content is 0.3%, and content beta-carotene is 20mg/kg feeds, and angle is yellow
Cellulose content is 10mg/kg feeds for the content of 10mg/kg feeds, luteole and lutein, and trans left-handed content astaxanthin is
5mg/kg feeds, total carotinoid content is 45mg/kg feeds.
Main nutrient composition percentage by weight in fattening stage feed of the present invention is：Crude protein 42%, crude fat 10%,
Content of phospholipid is 4%, and total height unsaturated fatty acid content is 0.8%, and trans left-handed content astaxanthin is 20mg/kg feeds,
Content beta-carotene is 10mg/kg feeds, and canthaxanthin content is for the content of 10mg/kg feeds, luteole and lutein
10mg/kg feeds, total carotinoid content is 50mg/kg feeds.
Above-mentioned feed plus man-hour, growth phase feed and fattening stage feed by ultramicro grinding, mixing, it is quenched and
Make grit or heavy property expanded pellet diet；Refined fish oil and B B-complex can be added to growth phase by airless spraying
In feed and fattening stage feed, refined fish oil can form oxygen barrier layer, prevent the carotenoid such as astaxanthin from aoxidizing.
The particle diameter of growth phase feed is 2.5-3mm, and length is 4mm；The particle diameter of fattening stage feed is 3-3.5mm, long
Spend for 5mm；Obtained feed of the invention has preferable stability in water, and the molten of 2 hours (under the conditions of 20 degree) is soaked in water
Mistake rate is less than 15%, and under 20 degree of water temperatures, feed is not still defeated and dispersed after soaking 3 hours in water.
The step of present invention is when feeding is as follows：
(1) into (when the per day water temperature in pond is less than 31 degree) after crab third time or the 4th shell, raised using growth phase
Material continuously feeds more than 40 days, you can plays to promote the quick shell of river crab subadult, improves survival rate and rate of body weight gain, is river
Crab is fattened (gonad development) and lays the foundation；Until more than 80% male and female complete reproduction shell into crab, i.e., the 5th time shell, shell
Just start sexual gland Rapid development afterwards, 2.5-3.5% of river crab gross weight or so is usually per day feeding volume, pond water temperature is 25-
30 degree, daily afternoon 18:00 or so feeds, fed with phytal zone based on；
(2) continuously fed more than 40 days using fattening stage feed into after crab reproduction shell, until female crab average ovarian refers to
Number is more than 8%, and male crab genital gland indices are more than 2.5%, you can fish for listing；The per day water temperature in pond is 24-30 degree, daily
Feeding volume is usually 2-3% of river crab gross weight or so, feeds daily twice, and morning feeding volume accounts for the 30-40% of whole day, feeds
Time is the morning 7:00 or so, fed with profundal zone based on；Afternoon, feeding volume accounted for the 60-70% of whole day, and Feeding time is afternoon
18:00 or so, fed with phytal zone based on；The per day water temperature in pond is less than 24 degree, and per day feeding volume river crab gross weight is usually
0.5-2% or so, feed 0.5-1 time daily, Feeding time is afternoon 17:00 or so.
For the culture of Chinese mitten crab of different regions, its feed release time is different；The Yangtze river basin into crab pond culture,
The use time of growth phase feed is usually in 7 months-late August, and the use time of fattening stage feed is early September -10
The last ten-days period moon；Liaohe River Basin cultivates into crab into crab, and the use time of growth phase feed is usually in 6 below the moon-August, fattening stage
At the beginning of the use time of feed is -10 months mid-Augusts.
Beta carotene is generally by adding the original rich in beta carotene such as spirulina powder and alfalfa meal in feed of the present invention
Material realizes that field corn flavine is usually realized by the appropriate corn of addition, corn protein powder or artificial synthesized maize, feed
Middle astaxanthin realizes that haematococcus pluvialis powder is the algae that broken wall is dried by addition haematococcus pluvialis powder or artificial synthesized astaxanthin
Powder.
Table 1 is that conventional feed and the carotenoid cost for optimizing river crab color and luster regulation feedstuff of the invention compare (yuan/ton)
From upper chart 1, if simple originated using astaxanthin as carotenoid, need to contain respectively in feed
The natural astaxanthin of 50ppm and the artificial synthesized mixed type astaxanthin (containing formal, trans, left-handed, dextrorotation etc.) of 150ppm
Good color and luster regulating effect can be just played, about 3000 yuan per ton or so of the addition cost of only astaxanthin is so increased considerably
Feed cost, is difficult in the present circumstance large-scale promotion.
Because the numerous studies of the applicant show, beta carotene and canthaxanthin are changed into shrimp green grass or young crops by river crab with certain
The ability of element, and river crab growth is required to beta carotene, canthaxanthin, luteole, lutein and shrimp green grass or young crops with the gonad development stage
Various carotenoid such as element, the demand during the development of ovary for astaxanthin is far longer than growth phase.
In consideration of it, the applicant is on the basis of river crab nutrient fodder and cultural technique research and development is carried out for many years, by repeatedly
Research and verify, successfully invented two kinds of high efficiency low costs into crab color and luster feed, it is determined that and optimize its using method, by right
The science that subadult river crab after third time or the 4th shell is carried out 80-100 days feeds so that river crab with red rate is up to 85%
More than, crab shell and ovary redness are respectively up to 16 and more than 25, and the total carotinoid in crab shell and ovary is dry up to 80mg/kg respectively
Weight and 350mg/kg dry weights.
The general principle and principal character and advantages of the present invention of the present invention has been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel it should be appreciated that the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments, the simply explanation described in above-described embodiment and specification this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention also has various changes and modifications, these changes
Change and improvement is both fallen within scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appending claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (8)
1. two kinds of river crab color and luster regulation feedstuffs, the feed is made up of growth phase feed and fattening stage feed, and its feature exists
In：
The growth phase feed is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：Inlet steam fish meal 10-15 parts, meat meal tankage 5-8 parts, beans
Dregs of rice 20-24 parts, peanut meal 8-12 parts, 8 parts of cotton dregs, rapeseed meal 10-12 part, flour 14-17 parts, 4 parts of shrimp head powder, 2 parts of dusty yeast, greatly
2 parts of Fabaceous Lecithin oil, 1.0 parts of refined fish oil, 1.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Choline Chloride 0.3-0.8 parts, B B-complex 0.1-0.2
Part, 0.3 part of cholesterol, 0.5 part of composite mineral matter, 2 parts of spirulina powder, canthaxanthin addition be 10mg/kg feeds, luteole
It is 10mg/kg feeds with lutein total addition level, trans left-handed astaxanthin addition is 5mg/kg feeds；
The fattening stage feed is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：Inlet steam fish meal 15-20 parts, 5 parts of digested tankage, dregs of beans
18-24 parts, 10 parts of peanut meal, rapeseed meal 10-12 part, corn 8-12 parts, 14 parts of wheat-middlings, 4 parts of shrimp head powder, 3 parts of soyabean lecithin oil, essence
2.0 parts of fish oil processed, 2 parts of lard, 1 part of soya-bean oil, 1 part of rapeseed oil, 1 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of Choline Chloride, B B-complex
0.2 part, 0.3 part of cholesterol, 0.5 part of composite mineral matter, 1.5 parts of spirulina powder, 0.2 part of glycine betaine, vitamin E 50mg/kg is raised
Material, canthaxanthin addition is 10mg/kg feeds, and luteole and lutein total addition level are 10mg/kg feeds, trans left-handed shrimp
Blue or green element addition is 20mg/kg feeds.
2. two kinds of river crabs color and luster regulation feedstuff according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the growth phase feed and educate
Fertile stage feed makes grit or heavy property expanded pellet diet by ultramicro grinding, mixing, quenched and granulation.
3. two kinds of river crabs color and luster regulation feedstuff according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the refined fish oil and part fat
Soluble vitamin is added in growth phase feed and fattening stage feed by rear spraying method.
4. two kinds of river crabs color and luster regulation feedstuff according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the grain of the growth phase feed
Footpath is 2.5-3mm, and length is 4mm；The particle diameter of fattening stage feed is 3-3.5mm, and length is 5mm.
5. the feeding method of two kinds of river crab color and luster regulation feedstuffs, it is characterised in that feed step as follows：
(1) continuously fed more than 40 days using growth phase feed into before crab reproduction shell, until more than 80% male and female it is equal into crab
Reproduction shell is completed, i.e., the 5th time shell just starts sexual gland Rapid development after shell, per day feeding volume river crab gross weight is usually
2.5-3.5% or so, pond water temperature is 25-30 degree, daily afternoon 18:00 or so feeds, fed with phytal zone based on；
(2) continuously fed more than 40 days using fattening stage feed into after crab reproduction shell, until female crab average ovarian index is
More than 8%, male crab genital gland indices are more than 2.5%, you can fish for listing；The per day water temperature in pond is 24-30 degree, is fed daily
Amount is usually 2-3% of river crab gross weight or so, feeds daily twice, and morning feeding volume accounts for the 30-40% of whole day, Feeding time
For the morning 7:00 or so, fed with profundal zone based on；Afternoon, feeding volume accounted for the 60-70% of whole day, and Feeding time is afternoon 18:00
Left and right, fed with phytal zone based on；The per day water temperature in pond is less than 24 degree, and the 0.5- of river crab gross weight is usually per day feeding volume
2% or so, feed 0.5-1 time daily, Feeding time is afternoon 17:00 or so.
6. the feeding method of two kinds of river crabs color and luster regulation feedstuff according to claim 5, it is characterised in that Yangtze river basin pond
The pool cultivates into crab, and the use time of growth phase feed is usually in 7 months-late August, and the use time of fattening stage feed is
Early September-late October；Liaohe River Basin cultivates into crab into crab, and the use time of growth phase feed is usually 6 below the moon-August
In, at the beginning of the use time of fattening stage feed is -10 months mid-Augusts.
7. the feeding method of two kinds of river crabs color and luster regulation feedstuff according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the growth step
Section feed in main nutrient composition percentage by weight be：Crude protein 34-38%, crude fat 5-8%, content of phospholipid is 1.5-
2.5%, total height unsaturated fatty acid content is 0.15-0.3%, and content beta-carotene is 20mg/kg feeds, and canthaxanthin contains
Measure for 10mg/kg feeds, luteole and lutein content be 10mg/kg feeds, trans left-handed content astaxanthin be 5mg/
Kg feeds, total carotinoid content is 45mg/kg feeds.
8. the feeding method of two kinds of river crabs color and luster regulation feedstuff according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described to fatten rank
Section feed in main nutrient composition percentage by weight be：Crude protein 38-42%, crude fat 8-10%, content of phospholipid is 3-
4%, total height unsaturated fatty acid content be 0.5-0.8%, trans left-handed content astaxanthin be 20mg/kg feeds, β-carrot
Cellulose content is 10mg/kg feeds, and canthaxanthin content is 10mg/kg feedings for the content of 10mg/kg feeds, luteole and lutein
Material, total carotinoid content is 50mg/kg feeds.
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| CN107467408A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-12-15 | 明光市永言水产(集团)有限公司 | A kind of river crab fattening feed formula |
| CN108605876A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-10-02 | 九江凯瑞生态农业开发有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of river crab |
| CN109221663A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-18 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis body color intensifier and the Chinese trionyx sinensis feed containing the body color intensifier |
| CN109329558A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-02-15 | 浙江海洋大学 | River crab mixed feed |
| CN111557394A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-21 | 珠海海龙生物科技有限公司 | River crab fattening feed replacing iced fresh fish and application thereof |
| CN114097678A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-03-01 | 揭阳通威饲料有限公司 | Efficient breeding mode for adjusting body color of penaeus monodon |
| CN116602251A (en) * | 2023-06-15 | 2023-08-18 | 宁波大学 | Breeding method for improving astaxanthin ester content of penaeus vannamei boone |
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| CN109329558A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-02-15 | 浙江海洋大学 | River crab mixed feed |
| CN111557394A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-21 | 珠海海龙生物科技有限公司 | River crab fattening feed replacing iced fresh fish and application thereof |
| CN114097678A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-03-01 | 揭阳通威饲料有限公司 | Efficient breeding mode for adjusting body color of penaeus monodon |
| CN116602251A (en) * | 2023-06-15 | 2023-08-18 | 宁波大学 | Breeding method for improving astaxanthin ester content of penaeus vannamei boone |
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