CN106613732A - Method for cultivating large-diameter cyclobalanopsis glauca - Google Patents
Method for cultivating large-diameter cyclobalanopsis glauca Download PDFInfo
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- CN106613732A CN106613732A CN201610841708.9A CN201610841708A CN106613732A CN 106613732 A CN106613732 A CN 106613732A CN 201610841708 A CN201610841708 A CN 201610841708A CN 106613732 A CN106613732 A CN 106613732A
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- qinggang oak
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- oak
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of artificial afforestation, in particular to a method for cultivating large-diameter cyclobalanopsis glauca. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps that (1) one-year-old seedlings of cyclobalanopsis glauca are planted with the plant row spacing of 2-3 m*2-3 m, and 888 to 1259 plants of cyclobalanopsis glauca are planted per hectare; (2) one-year-old fir seedlings are planted between plants and/or rows of the cyclobalanopsis glauca forest; (3) after closing of forest stands, the canopy density is periodically examined, and if the canopy density of forest stands exceeds 0.77, firs are thinned or stumped; (4) the step (3) is repeated, and when the average diameter of forest stands of cyclobalanopsis glauca is larger than or equal to 24 cm, clear cutting can be carried out, and wood is obtained. According to the method, growing of forest stands is rapid, closing is early, the production process is easy to control, and the thinning cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to artificial afforestration field, and in particular to a kind of breeding method of big-diameter wood Qinggang oak.
Background technology
In the natural high forest main advantage seeds in the whole nation, 16,100,000 hectares of species ofoak area, area compares 13.70%, stores
12.81 billion cubic meters of product, accumulation compares 10.42%, and either area still to be accumulated arrange and belongs to national first big dominant tree.
Qinggang oak (Cyclobalanopsis glauca) is also referred to as " thick wood ", Cyclobalanopsiss Fagaceae aiphyllium, in being
State is distributed one of most wide Evergreen Broad-leaved Tree Species, is divided into " red thick " and " white thick " according to wood color.In history, " Camphor tree, Chinese catalpa, nanmu,
C.-glauca " simultaneously referred to as " the big name in the south of the River four wood ", particularly " nanmu, C.-glauca " are because the hard weight of its timber is strong, intensity is big, and color and luster, texture are beautiful, resistance to
Long corrosion resistant and it is famous and precious.Qinggang oak is Precious Timber Species, is listed in《National strategy lays in seeds catalogue》.
Artificial forest is the standing forest built by artificial measures, generally using matching species with the site, breeding strong sprout, density adjusting, conjunction
The intensive farming technologies such as reason mixed friendship, tending and intermittent cutting of forest.Compared with wildwood, artificial forest has growth fast, cycle is short, steady quality etc.
Feature, is the impetus of China's timber deposit strategy.
At present China artificial culture Qinggang oak is all to estimate spacing plantation by rule of thumb, and is all mostly that plantation Qinggang oak is pure
Desultorily other trees are planted at interval in woods, or single Qinggang robur kind, and Qinggang oak collateral generation is fast, serious shadow
Qinggang oak bole Biomass and stand quality are rung, economic mill run is not universal high.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings of that prior art is above-mentioned, the present invention provides a kind of breeding method of big-diameter wood Qinggang oak, its side
Case comprises the steps：
(1) 2～3m*2 of seeding row spacing～3m is taken to transplant the annual seedling of Qinggang oak, per hectare Qinggang oak 888～1259
Strain；
(2) and then between the strain of cyclobalanopsis gleuca or/and in the ranks Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae is planted, Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae is annual Chinese Fir Seedling)；
(3) after closing of crop, canopy density are made regular check on, if Canopy densities are more than 0.77, intermediate cutting is carried out to Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae
Or section bar；
(4) (3) are repeated, when cyclobalanopsis gleuca point average diameter >=25cm, you can clear felling goes out material.
Another preferred version is, 1079～1208 plants of step (1) per hectare Qinggang oak.
Another preferred version is, 1100 plants of step (1) per hectare Qinggang oak.
Another preferred version is, 1162 plants of step (1) per hectare Qinggang oak.
Another preferred version is, 1079 plants of step (1) per hectare Qinggang oak.
Another preferred version is, step (2) is between the strain of Qinggang oak and in the ranks uniformly to plant Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae, is mixed after plantation Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae
Spacing in the rows and line-spacing between the forest of woods is handed over all to be 1.5m*1.5m.
Another preferred version is that step (3) is to Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae intermediate cutting or cuts after bar, and canopy density are not less than 0.75.
Another preferred version is that when step (4) cyclobalanopsis gleuca point average diameter is 28～34cm, clear felling goes out material.
Another preferred version is, step (1) takes seeding row spacing 3m*3m to transplant the annual seedling of Qinggang oak.
Another preferred version is that step (2) plants Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae between the strain of Qinggang oak, with Qinggang oak and Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae 1：1 mixed friendship.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the invention is that：
Qinggang oak of the present invention, Mixture Forests of Cunninghamia lanceolata its Stand Growth are fast, closing are early, in growth course canopy density control it is fast
Victory, is conducive to improving stand structure, promotes the natural pruning of Qinggang oak, and effectively suppresses the life of Qinggang oak side shoot and the branch of excessive growth
It is long, improve Qinggang oak bole Biomass and stand quality.Meanwhile, Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae is crown mellow and full, it is mixed with Qinggang oak hand over after canopy density also compared with
Easy-regulating, and Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae cultivate, intermediate cutting cost it is relatively low, its intermediate cutting timber-used way is quite varied.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Qinggang oak of embodiment 1 and Effect of Chinese Fir Mixed schematic diagram, and wherein Ο is Qinggang oak, and X is Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae.
Fig. 2 is Qinggang oak of embodiment 2 and Effect of Chinese Fir Mixed schematic diagram, and wherein Ο is Qinggang oak, and X is Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae.
Specific embodiment
The preferred embodiment of the present invention presented below, to help further understanding the present invention, but the protection model of the present invention
Enclose and be not limited in these embodiments.
Research process：
(1) using the Biomass Models of Qinggang oak, most suitable canopy density in the growth course of cyclobalanopsis gleuca point are obtained.
(2) using Qinggang oak canopy density and the standing forest diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, the regression model of standing forest strain number, the corresponding Qinggang of each footpath rank is obtained
Oak optimum strain number density, different cultivation purposes cultivate diameter with expected, there is corresponding optimum strain number density.
(3) it is to accelerate closing of crop not less than optimum strain number density when planting at the beginning of the oak of Qinggang, suppresses Qinggang area side shoot and excessive growth
Branch growth, promotes trunk growth, improves stand quality, and using Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae seeds mixed friendship is carried out, and builds Qinggang oak, Mixture Forests of Cunninghamia lanceolata.
Management objectives are different, and the mixis ratio of mixed forest is different from mode.
(4) after mixed forest is built, continuously foster 5 years, spring band is cultivated+uprooted and comforts within the 1st year, and autumn hoe is comforted, the 2nd year and the 3rd
Nian Chun, autumn, respectively hoe was comforted 1 time, period, Qinggang oak that after-culture is not survived individually, and annual autumn hoe is comforted 1 time within the 4th, 5 years, after 5 years, standing forest
Basic closing.
(5) after closing of crop, a canopy density were investigated every 2 years or 3 years, if Canopy densities exceed most suitable canopy density,
Then Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae is carried out to cut bar or intermediate cutting, it is ensured that standing forest keeps most suitable canopy density scope, promotes the growth of Qinggang oak.
(6) repeat (5th) step, treat that cyclobalanopsis gleuca point reaches cultivation purpose, you can clear felling goes out material.
Or 2 or 3 years before cyclobalanopsis gleuca point fells out material, Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae is close to into whole intermediate cutting, then treat that standing forest reaches
Clear felling when cultivating purpose goes out material.
The theoretical foundation of method：
1. the proposition of Qinggang oak optimal population
Optimal population is different because the management objectives of standing forest are different, and Qinggang oak artificial forest optimal population that the present invention is studied is
The economic mill run of finger Qinggang oak Timber stands reaches density during maximum, and the main utilization position of economic material is the master of Qinggang oak
It is dry, therefore the density of crop of present invention research cyclobalanopsis gleuca point trunk Biomass when reaching maximum, as Qinggang oak optimal population.
2. the determination of the relation of cyclobalanopsis gleuca point canopy density and trunk Biomass
60 pieces of cyclobalanopsis gleucas point study plot material data is chosen, (study plot canopy density are all higher than 0.50) draws standing forest master
Dry biomass (t/hm2) be with the regression model of Canopy densities：
W=-120.063+550.754P-357.667P2, r=0.703.
Drawn by derivation：As P=0.7699, W reaches maximum.Therefore cyclobalanopsis gleuca lease making Ji mill run is wanted most
Greatly, Canopy densities need to be kept to be 0.77 or so.
p:Canopy densities, W：Bole Biomass.
3. the most suitable strain number density of Qinggang oak artificial forest
Canopy density refer to the crown mapping area of standing forest and the ratio of forest land area, and it reflects utilization journey of the forest to forest land
Degree, is a kind of expression way of the density of crop.But another kind of quantitative target is standing forest strain number density in production practices, refers to list
Stem-number on plane product forest land, aborning operability is higher for strain number density.
Theoretical by forestry, Canopy densities are the functions of the standing forest diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and strain number, for cyclobalanopsis gleuca point, by returning
Analysis is returned to obtain：
P=0.004ln (DN)]2 . 254, R=0.909
D:Stand average breast diameter, N：Standing forest strain number.
When P takes 0.77, function obtains following most suitable strain number density meter by stand average breast diameter (D) extension：
The most suitable strain number density meter of Qinggang oak artificial forest of table 1
According to upper table, according to cultivation mesh (the expected cultivation diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground during felling) plant of Qinggang oak artificial forest.If wanting to cultivate big
Footpath material (the forest diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is more than 24cm), such as standing forest average diameter is 26cm or so, then in initial plant by Qinggang oak density
Remain not less than 1162 plants/hm2.
The advantage of technology：
(1) in artificial forest cultivating process, the factor of most critical is the determination of standing forest initial density in planting, and growth and development process
The control of the middle density of crop.The main of Qinggang oak artificial forest is trunk with material position, studies Qinggang oak trunk Biomass and density
Between relation, obtain standing forest cultivate manage optimal population, you can the cultivation operation of standing forest is instructed by optimal population, improve
Standing forest yield per unit area, obtains the economic mill run of highest.
(2) artificial forest reasonably carries out that seeds are mixed to hand over, can make artificial forest formed at many levels, crown canopy is dense, root system is deep and broad
Labyrinth, forest land resource and Vegetation space can be made full use of.Mixed forest tree growth is rapid, and closing ahead of time, its timber is total
Accumulation is far above pure forest, and the productivity that can both improve standing forest can strengthen the stability and resistance of standing forest again.
(3) Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae is the high commerical tree species of suitable raw wide, economic worth.Because Growth of Chinese Fir is quick, root system is shallower；And Qinggang oak
For middle raw deciduous species, root system is compared with depth and side shoot is more, and Qinggang oak and Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae are carried out into mixed friendship, and liquid manure competition after mixed friendship does not swash
It is strong, PRODUCTIVITY OF FOREST SOIL and light, heat, water resource can be made full use of.Simultaneously as flourishing for Qinggang oak side shoot and the branch of excessive growth
Biological property, what seeds mixed friendship can well suppress side shoot and excessive growth branch growth.Qinggang oak, Effect of Chinese Fir Mixed are most prominent excellent
Gesture is that Stand Growth is fast, and closing are early, canopy density control is quick in growth course, are conducive to improving stand structure, promote Qinggang oak
Natural pruning, and effectively suppress the growth of Qinggang oak side shoot and the branch of excessive growth, improve Qinggang oak bole Biomass and standing forest matter
Amount.Meanwhile, Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae is crown mellow and full, it is mixed with Qinggang oak hand over after canopy density also compared with easy-regulating, and Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae cultivate, intermediate cutting cost it is relatively low,
Its intermediate cutting timber-used way is quite varied.Compare with Qinggang oak pure forest, the construction pattern of green grass or young crops-China fir mixed forest is more preferable.
In production practices, Qinggang oak and Effect of Chinese Fir Mixed can be formed well, more stable stand structure, in the later stage fosters,
Intermediate cutting is carried out to Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae according to most suitable canopy density, can both ensure the cultivation speed of Qinggang oak, broad-spectrum Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae can be produced again
Timber, workable, high efficiency.
Embodiment 1
Place：Suining County of Hunan Province, cultivates purpose to cultivate big-diameter wood, it is contemplated that standing forest average diameter is 28cm, therefore most
Suitable density is 1079 plants/hm2.Qinggang oaks and Effect of Chinese Fir Mixed schematic diagram of the Fig. 1 for the present embodiment, wherein Ο is Qinggang oak, and X is China fir
Wood.
(1) seeding row spacing 3m*3m is taken to transplant the annual seedling of Qinggang oak, 1100 plants of per hectare Qinggang oak.
(2) mix to hand over and in the ranks mix between strain and hand over Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae, make the seeding row spacing between Qinggang oak and Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae, Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae and Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae all be
1.5m*1.5m, per hectare Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae 3250-3300 strains.
(3) should spare no effort to management after afforesting, continuously foster 5 years, promote closing of crop.
(4) side shoot is suitably pruned, improves woods iuuminting environment, promote trunk growth.
(5) after closing of crop, a canopy density were investigated every 2 years or 3 years, keeps closing of crop to be 0.75, if standing forest is strongly fragrant
Degree of closing carries out intermediate cutting more than 0.77, then to Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae or cuts bar.
(6) (5) are repeated, cyclobalanopsis gleuca point reaches cultivation purpose, you can clear felling goes out material.
Or 2 or 3 years before cyclobalanopsis gleuca point fells out material, by Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae whole intermediate cutting, then treat that standing forest reaches cultivation
Clear felling during purpose goes out material.
Embodiment 2
Place：Suining County of Hunan Province, cultivates purpose to cultivate big-diameter wood, it is contemplated that standing forest average diameter is 25cm, therefore most
Suitable density is 1208 plants/hm2。
(1) with 1:Mix between 1 ratio strain and hand over Qinggang oak and Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae, seeding row spacing is 2m*2m, per hectare retains cyclobalanopsis gleuca wood
No less than 1210 plants, 1210 plants of per hectare Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae, Fig. 2 is the Qinggang of embodiment 2 and (Ο is Qinggang oak to Effect of Chinese Fir Mixed schematic diagram, X
For Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae).
(2) should spare no effort to management after afforesting, continuously foster 5 years, promote closing of crop.
(3) side shoot is suitably pruned, improves woods iuuminting environment, promote trunk growth.
(4) afforest after closing, every 2 years or 3 years a canopy density were investigated, keep closing of crop to be 0.75, if standing forest is strongly fragrant
Degree of closing carries out intermediate cutting more than 0.77, then to Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae or cuts bar.
(6) (5) are repeated, cyclobalanopsis gleuca point reaches cultivation purpose, you can clear felling goes out material.Or fell out in cyclobalanopsis gleuca point
2 or 3 years before material, by Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae whole intermediate cutting is close to, and then clear felling goes out material when standing forest reaches cultivation purpose.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention preferably embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention not by above-described embodiment
Limit, other any spirit without departing from the present invention and the change, modification, replacement made under principle, combine, simplification,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the breeding method of a kind of big-diameter wood Qinggang oak, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
(1) 2～3m*2 of seeding row spacing～3m is taken to transplant the annual seedling of Qinggang oak, 888～1259 plants of per hectare Qinggang oak；
(2) and then between the strain of cyclobalanopsis gleuca or/and in the ranks Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae is planted, Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae is annual Chinese Fir Seedling；
(3) after closing of crop, canopy density are made regular check on, if Canopy densities are more than 0.77, intermediate cutting carried out to Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae or is cut
Bar；
(4) (3) are repeated, when cyclobalanopsis gleuca point average diameter >=25cm, you can clear felling goes out material.
2. the breeding method of big-diameter wood Qinggang oak according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1) per hectare Qinggang oak
1079～1208 plants.
3. the breeding method of big-diameter wood Qinggang oak according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1) per hectare Qinggang oak
1100 plants.
4. the breeding method of big-diameter wood Qinggang oak according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1) per hectare Qinggang oak
1162 plants.
5. the breeding method of big-diameter wood Qinggang oak according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1) per hectare Qinggang oak
1079 plants.
6. the breeding method of big-diameter wood Qinggang oak according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2) is in Qinggang oak
Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae is in the ranks planted between strain and uniformly, it is all 1.5m*1.5m to plant spacing in the rows and line-spacing after Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae between the forest of mixed forest.
7. the breeding method of big-diameter wood Qinggang oak according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (3) to Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae intermediate cutting or
After cutting bar, canopy density are not less than 0.75.
8. the breeding method of big-diameter wood Qinggang oak according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (4) cyclobalanopsis gleuca point is flat
During a diameter of 28～34cm, clear felling goes out material.
9. the breeding method of big-diameter wood Qinggang oak according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1) takes seeding row spacing 3m*
3m transplants the annual seedling of Qinggang oak.
10. the breeding method of big-diameter wood Qinggang oak according to claim 1, it is characterised in that strain of the step (2) in Qinggang oak
Between plant Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae, with Qinggang oak and Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae 1：1 mixed friendship.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114402939A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-29 | 华东师范大学 | Method for cultivating high-quality large-diameter timber of cyclobalanopsis glauca natural forest by using sun-shading wood |
| CN114916364A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-08-19 | 华东师范大学 | Method for cultivating large-diameter trees by mixed planting of pseudolarix and cyclobalanopsis glauca |
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| CN104012365A (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2014-09-03 | 中南林业科技大学 | Method for building fire-prevention forest belt in Chinese fir man-made forest |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114402939A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-29 | 华东师范大学 | Method for cultivating high-quality large-diameter timber of cyclobalanopsis glauca natural forest by using sun-shading wood |
| CN114916364A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-08-19 | 华东师范大学 | Method for cultivating large-diameter trees by mixed planting of pseudolarix and cyclobalanopsis glauca |
| CN114916364B (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2023-12-01 | 华东师范大学 | Method for cultivating large-diameter wood by mixed planting of larch and cyclobalanopsis glauca |
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