CN106613270A - Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method - Google Patents
Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106613270A CN106613270A CN201611260785.1A CN201611260785A CN106613270A CN 106613270 A CN106613270 A CN 106613270A CN 201611260785 A CN201611260785 A CN 201611260785A CN 106613270 A CN106613270 A CN 106613270A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention provides a flue-cured tobacco cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps: firstly selecting flue-cured tobacco planting base land, ridging and applying a base fertilizer to the flue-cured tobacco planting base land, and water after applying the fertilizer so that the fertilizer is wet; selecting the date with the preference temperature and transplanting the seedlings, wherein the transplanting density is that the line spacing is 110-120 cm and the row spacing is 50 cm; applying the additional fertilizer to the transplanted seedlings, and covering by using a mulch film according to the local climate, film-uncovering after 30-35 days of transplanting; carrying out the thin intertillage treatment in the seedling stage, the root extending stage and the rosette stage, after 25-35 days of transplanting the seedlings, and carrying out the ridging treatment after the flue-cured tobacco seedlings grow 13-14 leaves; and topping and cutting branches, and then harvesting after the seedlings are grown. The method is used for promoting the early growing and quick sprouting after transplanting the seedlings, the internal chemical components of the tobacco leaves are more coordinated, the quality of the whole tobacco leaves is improved, and the economic benefit of the tobacco is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to flue-cured tobacco cultivation technical field, more particularly to a kind of flue-cured tobacco cultivation side for being suitable for south China cigarette district
Method.
Background technology
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is Solanaceae Nicotiana annual herb plant.Root system can synthesize nicotine.Stem is straight
Vertical, each axil has axillary bud, can sprout into branch.Leaf alternate, helical arrangement.Inserted part of the tobacco leaf on plant can
It is divided into five：Cigarette strain bottom 2-3 piece leaves are referred to as pin leaf；Upwards 4-5 pieces leaf is referred to as lower two canopy leaves；Middle part 4-6 piece leaves are referred to as waist leaf；
Middle part 4-5 pieces leaf upwards is referred to as upper two canopies leaf；Cigarette strain top 3-4 piece leaves are referred to as top.Pin leaf and lower two canopies leaf are collectively referred to as again
Inferior leads, upper two canopy and top are collectively referred to as upper leaf.The inflorescence of tobacco is coniform cyme, and calyx is bell, is that one kind has
Limit inflorescence, wherein, a middle disc flower on floral axis top first opens, therefore the growth of main floral axis is restricted, and is continued by side floral axis
Growth, but be also that poppyhead first opens on the floral axis of side, therefore its order bloomed is for from top to bottom or from inside to outside.General flue-cured tobacco cultivars
Need 45-60 days from being transplanted to budding, from buddingging to blooming 7-10 days are needed.
Tobacco growing nutritional condition
Mineral element species in tobacco body is a lot, and nutrient is in tobacco in-vivo content according to necessary to plant growth
Number, a great number of elements and trace element can be divided them into.Tobacco needs 16 kinds of necessary nutrients.In the growth of tobacco
In growth course, a great number of elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) are needed；Moderate-element calcium (Ca), magnesium
(Mg), sulphur (S) etc.；And trace copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), boron (B), iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), chlorine (Cl) etc..This
A little elements respectively have physiological function, it is impossible to replace mutually.Wherein front 3 kinds of nutrients need not be provided by applying fertilizer, and afterwards more than ten
The nutrient planted then needs to be adjusted by the rational application of fertilizer according to soil nutrient content situation and feeder capability.
Carbon, hydrogen, the oxygen that cigarette strain absorbs is essentially from air, and nitrogen, phosphorus, 3 kinds of element cigarette strain requirements of potassium are larger, past in soil
It is not enough toward content；And calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron and other elements lack sometimes in soil, fertilising supply is needed.
Nitrogen nutrition
Nitrogen is the indispensable nutrient of tobacco growth, and the development, yield and quality for flue-cured tobacco is particularly important.Nitrogen
Occupy special status in cigarette strain vital movement, be the composition of protein, chlorophyll, nucleic acid, phosphatide and enzyme, for plant
Morphogenesis, growth speed, leaf blade size have important impact.Nitrogen is directly connected to nitrate reductase metabolism and whole nitrogen
The power of metabolism, nitrogen also has the facilitation received for photosynthetic carbon fixation metabolism, with the increase of Leaf nitrogen content, only
Photosynthetic rate is presented linear relationship and rises, but nitrogen excessively causes Carbohydrate Accumulation metabolism to weaken.Nitrogenous fertilizer is used in right amount,
Cigarette strain robust growth, the size of blade, thickness are moderate, transplant rear blade color gradient for dark green, nicotine, potassium-calcium ratio, potassium chlorine ratio
Ratio it is more rational, pest and disease damage reduce, fall Huang in good time when ripe, bake after color is vivid, taste is fragrant, physiological strength is all good, cigarette
Leaf grade is improved, and yield is higher.Absorbing nitrogen amount is excessive, and cigarette strain growth is vigorous, and stem Gao Ye great, leaf color is dark green, it is ripe slow or
The Huang Cheng that can not fall is ripe, and the tobacco leaf color and luster after baking is dim, and nitrogen-containing compound is more in leaf, and protein, nicotine content are high, contents of saccharide
Low, oil is poor, and fragrance is light, jealous pungent, miscellaneous gas weight, and excitant is big, low quality, or even loses use value.Nitrogen is not enough
When, cigarette strain growth slight of stature, leaf color is yellowish green, yields poorly, poor quality.Nitrogen-containing compound is few in leaf, and tobacco leaf color is light after baking, blade
Thin, oil is poor, and flavor and taste is light, strength is little, poor quality, and grey leaf inferior easily occurs in upper blade.The not enough disease of nitrogen nutrition
Shape, occurs, bottom yellowing leaf when serious first in the old leaf of bottom, and to middle leaf development.Nitrogen Nutrition is especially
The level of late growth stage, either excessive or too low, blade is all difficult to reach the standard of technical maturity.
The forms of nitrogen that flue-cured tobacco directly absorbs from soil is mainly nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen.Nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen for
The growth and maturity yield of tobacco of flue-cured tobacco different times and quality suffer from very big impact.Ammonium nitrogen can promote fragrance in tobacco leaf
The stroke of race's volatile oil, promotes the fragrance of alveolus；And nitrate nitrogen is then so that flue-cured tobacco falls Huang soon after coming to the ripening period, tobacco leaf is received roasting
Easily, color is orange after baking, and first-class cigarette ratio increases.Because nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen have different properties, the profit of ammonium nitrogen
With mainly being affected by fertilization mode and soil pH value, the utilization of nitrate nitrogen is mainly by rainfall and the shadow of the soil texture
Ring, and both conversions in the migration of cigarette strain rhizosphere, absorption pattern and in plant body are also different, therefore the suitable proportion of the two
There is close relationship with Flue-cured tobacco Quality.Under suitable nitrogen form, the ratio of different nitrate nitrogens and ammonium nitrogen for
Flue-cured tobacco yield and quality affects have larger dispute, i.e., yield and quality is high when ammonium nitrogen ratio is high, or yield of flue-cured tobacco is with the increasing of nitrate nitrogen ratio
Plus and increase, or ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen ratio affect less for the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.
Phosphorus nourishing
Phosphorus is one of plant nutrient three elements, it be both constitute tobacco plant body in many important compounds composition into
Point, again can involved in plant in many ways physiology course, to promoting tobacco growing development and metabolism to play important work
With the impact to yield of flue-cured tobacco and quality has close relationship.Phosphorus element is the important element to form nucleus inner nucleotide, nutrition
Variable rate technology is that leaf color is dark green when not enough, and in dirty-green, leaf color is dim after baking, and fragrance is not enough, poor quality.While phosphorus element is not
Foot, can cause metabolic disorder in cigarette strain body, affect absorption of the cigarette strain to other nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium.If phosphorus element is not enough,
Phosphorus in aging tissues is shifted in cambium, makes lower blade occur aphosphorosis shape first, and blade face occurs brown spot, and
Upper leaf remains to normal growth.If land for growing field crops fertility early stage phosphorus element is not enough, cigarette strain growth is short and small, and premunition is obvious with resistance against disadvantage
Reduce.Maturity period lacks phosphorus, then ripe slow, tobacco leaf oil is poor after baking, and flavor and taste is light, poor quality.General P acquisition mistake
It is many, there is no obvious harmful effect to quality of tobacco.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to propose a kind of flue-cured tobacco cultivation method, with obtain high-quality, high yield it is roasting
Cigarette, while improving transplanting survival rate, reduces pest and disease damage incidence.
To solve above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is employed the following technical solutions and is achieved：
A kind of flue-cured tobacco cultivation method, including：
(1) the tobacco planting base, alternative condition is selected to be under suitable environmental condition：Soil fertility is medium, in soil
Effectively nitrogen content is 60-150mg/kg, and available phosphorus contents are 8-12mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content 80-120mg/kg, and pH value is
5.5-7.5, the cation exchange capacity of soil is 10cmol/kg-20cmol/kg dry ground, and soil chlorinty is not more than 30mg/kg；
(2) pretreatment of cigarette planting base
Tobacco seedlings carry out ridging, the high 30-35cm in ridge, ridge sound stage width 70-80cm, to ridge basal dressing, dose to vega before transplanting
For 1250-1750kg/hm2；Watering after fertilising moistens fertilizer；
(3) transplant
Late March is selected to be higher than 5 DEG C to daily minimal tcmperature in early April, at 13-15 DEG C, ground temperature reaches daily mean temperature
More than 10 DEG C of date for transplant the date, transplantings planting density be line-spacing 110cm-120cm, spacing in the rows 50cm；
(4) management after tobacco planting
Cigarette strain after transplanting is topdressed, while carrying out covering with plastic film according to local climate, 30d-35d takes off after transplanting
Film；
(5) intertill
Also seedling stage, stretch root phase and group's phase and carry out either shallow intertillage process, to heat and chesson, it is hardened to break table soil,
And weeding is carried out, and the interim cultivated number of times of root is stretched for 2-3 time, intertillage depth is 4-10cm, and intertillage depth is with the increase of intertillage number of times
Deepen, intertill once after group's phase, intertill depth 6-7cm；
(6) earth up
25d-35d after tobacco seedlings transplanting, carries out ridging process when cigarette strain grows into 13-14 leaves；
(7) pinch
Selection fine day morning of pinching is carried out, and stays stalk more slightly higher than top when pinching, concrete Topping Time and leaves remained root
Determine that growing way is strong, fertility foot is to pinch in evening according to cigarette strain growing way and soil fertility state at that time, breeding is then suitably pinched in advance；
(8) wooden fork is smeared
Manually smearing wooden forkv or chemistry and presses down bud, wherein manually smearing wooden forkv carry out smearing wooden fork when axillary bud length is to 3-5cm, every to smear one within 5-7 days
Secondary, chemistry and presses down bud is used cooperatively using contact insecticide and/or systemics, and application should meet relevant industries standard.
Preferably, in the present invention, the cigarette strain is stretching root phase and group's phase maxmun field capacity in 50%-60%
Between, irrigated when water-holding capacity is low, microelement-supplementing in irrigation water, while chloride ion content is less than 16mg/kg, mineralising
Degree is less than 0.6g/L.
Preferably, in the present invention, sampling detection during primary election planting base, soil is less than necessary requirement or higher than required
Process of digging is carried out during requirement, while supplementing the soil on the scarce nutrient of institute or mixing ground not up to standard.
Preferably, in the present invention, base manure adopts bar applying method, and fertilizer ratio is N：P2O5：K2O is 1:(0.5-2):
(2-3), wherein, base manure amount of application no less than total fertilizer amount 2/3.
Preferably, in the present invention, when the pH value in tobacco planting base is less than alternative condition, addition lime stone is heightened
PH value.
The present invention have the advantage that compared with prior art for：Using the method for the present invention, cigarette strain can be promoted to transplant
Early growth and quick tiller afterwards, tobacco leaf intrinsic chemical composition is more coordinated, and quality of tobacco integrally gets a promotion, and lifts the economic well-being of workers and staff of tobacco.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described,
Obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than the embodiment of whole.Based in the present invention
Embodiment, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, all
Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
A kind of flue-cured tobacco cultivation method, including：
(1) the tobacco planting base, alternative condition is selected to be under suitable environmental condition：Soil fertility is medium, in soil
Effectively nitrogen content is 60-150mg/kg, and available phosphorus contents are 8-12mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content 80-120mg/kg, and pH value is
5.5-7.5, the cation exchange capacity of soil is 10cmol/kg-20cmol/kg dry ground, and soil chlorinty is not more than 30mg/kg；
(2) pretreatment of cigarette planting base
Tobacco seedlings carry out ridging, the high 30-35cm in ridge, ridge sound stage width 70-80cm, to ridge basal dressing, dose to vega before transplanting
For 1250-1750kg/hm2；Watering after fertilising moistens fertilizer；
(3) transplant
Late March is selected to be higher than 5 DEG C to daily minimal tcmperature in early April, at 13-15 DEG C, ground temperature reaches daily mean temperature
More than 10 DEG C of date for transplant the date, transplantings planting density be line-spacing 110cm-120cm, spacing in the rows 50cm；
(4) management after tobacco planting
Cigarette strain after transplanting is topdressed, while carrying out covering with plastic film according to local climate, 30d-35d takes off after transplanting
Film；
(5) intertill
Also seedling stage, stretch root phase and group's phase and carry out either shallow intertillage process, to heat and chesson, it is hardened to break table soil,
And weeding is carried out, and the interim cultivated number of times of root is stretched for 2-3 time, intertillage depth is 4-10cm, and intertillage depth is with the increase of intertillage number of times
Deepen, intertill once after group's phase, intertill depth 6-7cm；
(6) earth up
25d-35d after tobacco seedlings transplanting, carries out ridging process when cigarette strain grows into 13-14 leaves；
(7) pinch
Selection fine day morning of pinching is carried out, and stays stalk more slightly higher than top when pinching, concrete Topping Time and leaves remained root
Determine that growing way is strong, fertility foot is to pinch in evening according to cigarette strain growing way and soil fertility state at that time, breeding is then suitably pinched in advance；
(8) wooden fork is smeared
Manually smearing wooden forkv or chemistry and presses down bud, wherein manually smearing wooden forkv carry out smearing wooden fork when axillary bud length is to 3-5cm, every to smear one within 5-7 days
Secondary, chemistry and presses down bud is used cooperatively using contact insecticide and/or systemics, and application should meet relevant industries standard.
In the present invention, the cigarette strain stretch the root phase and group a phase maxmun field capacity between 50%-60%, water-holding capacity
Irrigated when low, microelement-supplementing in irrigation water, while chloride ion content is less than 16mg/kg, salinity is less than 0.6g/
L, sampling detection during primary election planting base, soil is less than necessary requirement or higher than process of digging is carried out during necessary requirement, while mending
Fill lacked nutrient or mix the soil on ground not up to standard, base manure adopts bar applying method, and fertilizer ratio is N：P2O5：K2O is 1:
(0.5-2):(2-3), wherein, base manure amount of application no less than total fertilizer amount 2/3.
Soil pH value is one of important attribute of soil.Between 4.5～8.5, tobacco normal growth and can send out pH value
Educate, but production sound tobacco is more strict for the requirement of soil pH value, produce the soil pH value of high-quality tobacco with 5.5～
7.0 are advisable.It is sufficient that pH value cigarette strain at 7.0 or so absorbs nutrient, grow it is best, the dry matter production of flue-cured tobacco, single leaf quality and
Quality is also optimal.Soil pH value has direct relation with the maximum validity of a middle nutrient in soil.It is generally believed that native
Earth pH value for the impact of Flue-cured tobacco Quality, mainly by for the balance in soil between nutrient availability and nutrient
Affect to realize.Research shows, with the rising of soil pH value, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content declines, replacement property calcium, exchangeable Mg, speed
Effect potassium, water-soluble boron, the content of effective zinc increase.PH value is under the conditions of 5.5～7.5, it is possible to obtain moderate total reducing sugar, higher
The tobacco leaf of polyphenols, relatively low nicotine, appropriate total nitrogen and protein content, is conducive to the improvement of quality of tobacco and carries
It is high.Additionally, when the selection on tobacco planting ground is carried out, for acid stronger soil, when such as pH value is less than 4.5, soil is not
Suitable tobacco planting and growth, the measure taken is that appropriate lime stone is mixed into soil, to raise the pH value of soil, makes soil
Earth pH value reaches tobacco planting requirement.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, not to limit the present invention, all essences in the present invention
Within god and principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of flue-cured tobacco cultivation method, it is characterised in that include：
(1) the tobacco planting base, alternative condition is selected to be under suitable environmental condition：Soil fertility is medium, in soil effectively
Nitrogen content is 60-150mg/kg, and available phosphorus contents are 8-12mg/kg, and quick-acting potassium content 80-120mg/kg, pH value is 5.5-
7.5, the cation exchange capacity of soil is 10cmol/kg-20cmol/kg dry ground, and soil chlorinty is not more than 30mg/kg；
(2) pretreatment of cigarette planting base
Tobacco seedlings carry out ridging to vega before transplanting, the high 30-35cm in ridge, ridge sound stage width 70-80cm, and to ridge basal dressing, dose is
1250-1750kg/hm2；Watering after fertilising moistens fertilizer；
(3) transplant
Late March is selected to be higher than 5 DEG C to daily minimal tcmperature in early April, at 13-15 DEG C, ground temperature reaches 10 DEG C to daily mean temperature
More than date for transplant the date, transplantings planting density be line-spacing 110cm-120cm, spacing in the rows 50cm；
(4) management after tobacco planting
Cigarette strain after transplanting is topdressed, while carrying out covering with plastic film according to local climate, 30d-35d takes off film after transplanting；
(5) intertill
Also seedling stage, stretch root phase and group's phase and carry out either shallow intertillage process, to heat and chesson, it is hardened to break table soil, goes forward side by side
Row weeding, stretches the interim cultivated number of times of root for 2-3 time, and intertillage depth is 4-10cm, and intertillage depth is deepened as intertillage number of times increases,
Intertill once after group's phase, intertill depth 6-7cm；
(6) earth up
25d-35d after tobacco seedlings transplanting, carries out ridging process when cigarette strain grows into 13-14 leaves；
(7) pinch
Pinch and select the fine day morning to carry out, stay stalk more slightly higher than top when pinching, concrete Topping Time and leaves remained are according to cigarette
Strain growing way and soil fertility state at that time determines that growing way is strong, fertility foot is to pinch in evening, and breeding is then suitably pinched in advance；
(8) wooden fork is smeared
Manually smearing wooden forkv or chemistry and presses down bud, wherein manually smearing wooden forkv carry out smearing wooden fork when axillary bud length is to 3-5cm, per smearing within 5-7 days once, change
Learn suppression bud to use cooperatively using contact insecticide and/or systemics, application should meet relevant industries standard.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the cigarette strain is stretching root phase and a group phase field maximum water holding
Amount is irrigated, microelement-supplementing in irrigation water, while chloride ion content is little between 50%-60% when water-holding capacity is low
In 16mg/kg, salinity is less than 0.6g/L.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that sampling detection during primary election planting base, soil is less than required
Require or higher than carrying out processs of digging during necessary requirement, at the same supplement scarce nutrient or mixing ground not up to standard soil.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that base manure adopts bar applying method, and fertilizer ratio is N：P2O5：K2O
For 1:(0.5-2):(2-3), wherein, base manure amount of application no less than total fertilizer amount 2/3.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that when the pH value in tobacco planting base is less than alternative condition,
Addition lime stone heightening pH value.
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| CN201611260785.1A CN106613270A (en) | 2016-12-30 | 2016-12-30 | Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method |
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ID=58838771
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107466840A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-12-15 | 湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司 | A kind of producing method for seed of flue-cured tobacco male sterile line kind |
| CN107711394A (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2018-02-23 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of cultural method of Turkish tobaccos Prilep kinds |
| CN108523201A (en) * | 2018-03-10 | 2018-09-14 | 湖南农业大学 | A method of improving 99 economic characters of cloud and mist and upper tobacco leaf quality |
| CN109566006A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-04-05 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of Fertilizer Application of Tobacco management method and Fertilizer Application of Tobacco device |
| CN111280013A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-06-16 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for reducing nicotine content of tobacco leaves on upper portion of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN112205264A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-12 | 四川省农业科学院经济作物育种栽培研究所 | High-efficiency tobacco cultivation method |
| CN114128581A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-03-04 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Cultivation method for improving yield and quality of middle tobacco leaves |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107466840A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-12-15 | 湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司 | A kind of producing method for seed of flue-cured tobacco male sterile line kind |
| CN107711394A (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2018-02-23 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of cultural method of Turkish tobaccos Prilep kinds |
| CN107711394B (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2021-08-13 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Cultivation method of aromatic tobacco Prilep variety |
| CN108523201A (en) * | 2018-03-10 | 2018-09-14 | 湖南农业大学 | A method of improving 99 economic characters of cloud and mist and upper tobacco leaf quality |
| CN108523201B (en) * | 2018-03-10 | 2021-07-30 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for improving economic character of Yunyan 99 and quality of upper tobacco leaves |
| CN109566006A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-04-05 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of Fertilizer Application of Tobacco management method and Fertilizer Application of Tobacco device |
| CN111280013A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-06-16 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for reducing nicotine content of tobacco leaves on upper portion of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN112205264A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-12 | 四川省农业科学院经济作物育种栽培研究所 | High-efficiency tobacco cultivation method |
| CN114128581A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-03-04 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Cultivation method for improving yield and quality of middle tobacco leaves |
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Application publication date: 20170510 |