CN103891496B - A kind of implantation methods of Fruit of Panax ginseng - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of Fruit of Panax ginseng.The step such as the method comprises cuttage and seedling culture, whole, fertilising, field planting, field management, gather.Implantation methods of the present invention cultivates Fruit of Panax ginseng seedling, and cuttage planting percent is up to more than 98%, and nursery stock is healthy and strong, emerges fast, improve the production efficiency of Fruit of Panax ginseng, after seedling growth, grow vigorous, disease resistance is strong, and output is high, and fruits nutrition enriches, quality better, Fruit of Panax ginseng per mu yield reaches 3000-4000 kilogram, and commodity rate increases by more than 10%, implantation methods of the present invention is easy and simple to handle simultaneously, and drop into little, output is high, profitable, namely ensure that the economic benefit at plantation family, in turn ensure that the sound development of Fruit of Panax ginseng plantation industry.

Description

A kind of implantation methods of Fruit of Panax ginseng

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods of Fruit of Panax ginseng, belong to technical field of agricultural cultivation.

Background technology

Fruit of Panax ginseng is Solanaceae class herbaceos perennial, and the life-span, plantation in a year, was benefited for many years at about 8 years.Its pulp delicate fragrance succulence, unique flavor, contained nutrient component has high protein, low sugar, low-fat characteristic.Be rich in vitamin C, and the various trace elements containing needed by human body, cobalt particularly containing " anticancer king " selenium (every hectogram pulp contains 15 milligrams, the rich selenium fruit for rare), molybdenum and prevention coronary heart disease, has benifit to hypertension and diabetic.Every hectogram fresh fruit is containing Ca910 milligram.Be a kind of ideal high-nutrition health-care food, be described as " life kindling material ".Existing market valency remains high (40-50 unit/kilogram), economic benefit is considerable.But existing Fruit of Panax ginseng culture technique, because of implantation methods, science is not unreasonable, and cause Fruit of Panax ginseng to yield poorly and poor quality, have high input, output is little, has a strong impact on enthusiasm for production and the economic benefit of orchard worker.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide that a kind of output is high, the implantation methods of the Fruit of Panax ginseng of quality better, improve enthusiasm for production and the economic benefit of orchard worker.

For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:

An implantation methods for Fruit of Panax ginseng, comprises the following steps:

(1) cuttage and seedling culture

Select more than 30 centimetres, sturdy tender, without the branch of damage by disease and insect, then be cut into the segment of 8-10 centimeter length, remove blade, leave petiole, for promoting that branch is taken root, branch lower end should be cut into inclined-plane, and to rise in methyl α-naphthyl acetate or heteroauxin 1/3 section of the quickly dipped bottom of branch once soon at the micro-∕ of liter of 50-200, and then cuttage is in seedling-cultivating tray, enter nursery soil 2-3 centimetre, to first water sufficient water after cuttage, then spread one deck fine earth, to prevent soil water evaporation; Seedling stage, temperature controlled at 15-25 DEG C, and soil moisture controls at 85-95%; Field planting is got final product when eight, nine leaves appear in seedling;

(2) wholely, fertilising, field planting

Selection irrigation and drainage are convenient, and physical features is higher, ventilation and penetrating light, and the soil is porous, and fertile neutral soil is planted; Mu executes well-rotted farmyard manure 4000-5000 kilogram, NPK Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50-70 kilogram, slow-release pesticidal particle 15-25 kilogram, deep ploughing 20-30 centimetre, then level land, to ditch again furrow, furrow width 70-80 centimetre, furrow face width 100-110 centimetre, high 10-15 centimetre, every ridge cultivation two row, seeding row spacing 40-60 centimetre, mu plants 2000-3000 strain, resident time preferably carries out after 4 o'clock in the afternoon, waters sufficient normal root water after field planting;

(3) field management

1. rich water quality management

Except using sufficient base fertilizer, also should topdress twice: be once when fruit seedling grows into 25-30 centimetre; Another time is at fruit seedling close to when blooming, and Mu Shi NPK composite fertilizer 10-15 kilogram, from the pouring outward of 8-12 centimetre, nursery stock main root; The 3-6 month, the 9-11 month are that Fruit of Panax ginseng is grown and yields positive results the period needing water maximum, should water in time;

2. branch-finishing and pruning

The branch when Fruit of Panax ginseng germination is strong, should prunes in time and prune, from plant 15-20 centimetre with upper part, 3-5 branch of selecting and remain is healthy and strong, being evenly distributed is as major branch, and remaining is all wiped out; Each side shoot stays 2-3 inflorescence, every inflorescence stays 2-3 fruit, and remaining inflorescence, fruitlet all remove;

3. built

The cane of Fruit of Panax ginseng is not too hard, in addition bear a heavy burden after bearing fruit large, so necessary built, so that management improves output, on furrow face, can play every 1-2 rice the bamboo stake that a timber or mao bamboon tail make along Fruit of Panax ginseng planting furrow, timber length 1.2-1.5 rice, then horizontally between timber and timber tie up a bamboo pole, horizontal when tiing up first bamboo pole highly overhead height 20-25 centimetre be advisable, to facilitate holder fruit as well;

(4) gather

When fruit appearance occur clear purple colour play, or without striped but fruit appearance epidermis is bright, smooth time can gather.

The preparation method of described nursery soil is as follows: a, take the raw material of following weight portion: a, peat soil 20-30, the native 10-15 of red jade, deer natural pond soil 8-12, ooze 5-10, chicken manure 15-20, plant straw powder 10-15, bagasse 8-12, wood sawdust 5-10, rice chaff ash 4-8, coconut shell flour 3-5, cinder 2-4, vermiculite 18-24, haydites of book structure 14-18, urea 2-3, superphosphate 1.5-2.5; B, get vermiculite, to add concentration be in the hydrochloric acid solution of 10-15% to perlite, heating water bath is to 60-70 DEG C, and insulation 1-2 hour, takes out and be washed to neutrality, dries, and 840-880 DEG C of calcining 1-2 hour, is cooled to room temperature, stand-by; C, get chicken manure, plant straw powder, wood sawdust, rice chaff ash, coconut shell flour, bagasse, cinder mix, pile up in heaps, then urea and superphosphate are mixed, convert 80-100 times of water gaging and make solution, be sprinkling upon equably on heap, naturally after placing 24-36h, the 3-5% adding mixing doses adds 100-150 times of EM probio dilution, stir, windrow water content control is at 60-70%, through fermentation in 5-10 days, stir when temperature reaches 55-60 DEG C once, add up can complete fermentation 2-3 time; D, the fermentation product of above-mentioned gained to be mixed with remaining raw material, obtain nursery soil.

The present invention's homemade nursery soil has stronger moisture capacity, water penetration and air capacity of soils, and it is comprehensively balanced in nutrition, containing nutritive elements such as abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters, meet the various nutrients needed for seed sprouting completely, planting percent can be significantly improved, reduce seedling stage diseases and pests, save artificial, growing-seedling period is short.

The preparation method of described slow-release pesticidal particle is as follows: a, take the raw material of following weight portion: medical stone 25-35, sepiolite 15-20, diatomite 10-15, sodium phosphate trimer 4-8, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 2-3, phoenix tree leaf 1.5-2.5, citrus seeds 1-2, tuber of stemona 3-4, kuh-seng 2-3, pieris 1-2, Chinese wingnut leaf 2.5-3.5, luffa vine 1-2, azedarach 2-3, wartwort 1-2, ash 8-12, polyvinyl alcohol 5-10, carboxymethyl cellulose 4-6, sodium alginate 3-5; B, get medical stone and sepiolite mixes, 720-760 DEG C of calcining 2-3 hour, putting into concentration after being cooled to room temperature is that the hydrogen peroxide solution of 15-20% soaks 1-2 hour, taking-up is washed to neutrality, dries, 910-940 DEG C of calcining 1-2 hour, be cooled to room temperature, pulverize, cross 100-150 mesh sieve, stand-by; C, get chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium, phoenix tree leaf, citrus seeds, the tuber of stemona, kuh-seng, pieris, Chinese wingnut leaf, luffa vine, azedarach, wartwort mix, add the water of 5-10 times amount, decoct and extract 50-60 minute, filter, filter residue adds the water of 4-8 times amount again, decoct and extract 30-40 minute, filter, merge decoction liquor, concentrated, freeze drying powdered, stand-by; The powder that d, the powder and the step c that are obtained by step b obtain mixes, and add diatomite and sodium phosphate trimer, stir 10-15 minute, wet granulation, particle diameter is 1-2mm, dries, stand-by; E, get polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate mix, and adds 2-4 times of water gaging, heating water bath is to 70-80 DEG C and under agitation add ash, stirs rear even application at the obtained particle surface of steps d, dries, get product.

Be added with slow-release pesticidal particle during the present invention whole ground basal dressing, have slow-release pesticidal effect, broad spectrum activity is strong, and resistance of rainwater washing against, effectively can prevent the generation of soil-borne disease, reduce or avoid the use of chemical pesticide, thus improves the quality and yield of Fruit of Panax ginseng.

Beneficial effect of the present invention:

Implantation methods of the present invention cultivates Fruit of Panax ginseng seedling, and cuttage planting percent is up to more than 98%, and nursery stock is healthy and strong, emerges fast, improve the production efficiency of Fruit of Panax ginseng, after seedling growth, grow vigorous, disease resistance is strong, and output is high, and fruits nutrition enriches, quality better, Fruit of Panax ginseng per mu yield reaches 3000-4000 kilogram, and commodity rate increases by more than 10%, implantation methods of the present invention is easy and simple to handle simultaneously, and drop into little, output is high, profitable, namely ensure that the economic benefit at plantation family, in turn ensure that the sound development of Fruit of Panax ginseng plantation industry.

Embodiment

An implantation methods for Fruit of Panax ginseng, comprises the following steps:

(1) cuttage and seedling culture

Select more than 30 centimetres, sturdy tender, without the branch of damage by disease and insect, then be cut into the segment of 10 centimeter length, remove blade, leave petiole, for promoting that branch is taken root, branch lower end should be cut into inclined-plane, and to rise in methyl α-naphthyl acetate or heteroauxin 1/3 section of the quickly dipped bottom of branch once soon at 100 micro-∕ of liter, and then cuttage is in seedling-cultivating tray, enter 2.5 centimetres, nursery soil, to first water sufficient water after cuttage, then spread one deck fine earth, to prevent soil water evaporation; Seedling stage, temperature controlled at 22 DEG C, and soil moisture controls 90%; Field planting is got final product when eight, nine leaves appear in seedling;

(2) wholely, fertilising, field planting

Selection irrigation and drainage are convenient, and physical features is higher, ventilation and penetrating light, and the soil is porous, and fertile neutral soil is planted; Mu executes well-rotted farmyard manure 4500 kilograms, NPK Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 60 kilograms, slow-release pesticidal particle 20 kilograms, deep ploughs 25 centimetres, then level land, to ditch again furrow, furrow width 75 centimetres, furrow face width 105 centimetres, high 12 centimetres, every ridge cultivation two row, seeding row spacing 50 centimetres, mu plants 3000 strains, resident time preferably carries out after 4 o'clock in the afternoon, waters sufficient normal root water after field planting;

(3) field management

1. rich water quality management

Except using sufficient base fertilizer, also should topdress twice: be once when fruit seedling grows into 25 centimetres; Another time is at fruit seedling close to when blooming, and Mu Shi NPK composite fertilizer 15 kilograms, from the pouring outward of 10 centimetres, nursery stock main root; The 3-6 month, the 9-11 month are that Fruit of Panax ginseng is grown and yields positive results the period needing water maximum, should water in time;

2. branch-finishing and pruning

When Fruit of Panax ginseng germination is strong, should prunes in time and prune, from plant 15 centimetres with upper part, 4 stalwartnesses of selecting and remain, the branch that is evenly distributed are as major branch, and remaining is all wiped out; Each side shoot stays 2 inflorescences, every inflorescence stays 2 fruits, and remaining inflorescence, fruitlet all remove;

3. built

The cane of Fruit of Panax ginseng is not too hard, in addition bear a heavy burden after bearing fruit large, so necessary built, so that management improves output, can along the bamboo stake that Fruit of Panax ginseng planting furrow is made a call to a timber or mao bamboon tail make every 1 meter on furrow face, timber length 1.5 meters, then horizontally between timber and timber ties up a bamboo pole, horizontal when tiing up first bamboo pole highly overhead height 24 centimetres be advisable, to facilitate holder fruit as well;

(4) gather

When fruit appearance occur clear purple colour play, or without striped but fruit appearance epidermis is bright, smooth time can gather.

The preparation method of above-mentioned nursery soil is as follows: a, take the raw material of following weight (kilogram): a, peat soil 22, red beautiful soil 15, deer natural pond soil 12, ooze 8, chicken manure 18, plant straw powder 10, bagasse 10, wood sawdust 7, rice chaff ash 6, coconut shell flour 4, cinder 4, vermiculite 22, haydites of book structure 16, urea 3, superphosphate 2.5; B, get vermiculite, to add concentration be in the hydrochloric acid solution of 12% to perlite, heating water bath to 70 DEG C, is incubated 1 hour, takes out and is washed to neutrality, dries, and 860 DEG C of calcinings 1 hour, are cooled to room temperature, stand-by; C, get chicken manure, plant straw powder, wood sawdust, rice chaff ash, coconut shell flour, bagasse, cinder mix, pile up in heaps, then urea and superphosphate are mixed, convert 80 times of water gagings and make solution, be sprinkling upon equably on heap, naturally, after placing 24h, add mixing doses 4% adds 120 times of EM probio dilutions, stirs, windrow water content control is 65%, through fermentation in 9 days, stir when temperature reaches 60 DEG C once, add up can complete fermentation 3 times; D, the fermentation product of above-mentioned gained to be mixed with remaining raw material, obtain nursery soil.

The preparation method of above-mentioned slow-release pesticidal particle is as follows: a, take the raw material of following weight (kilogram): medical stone 30, sepiolite 16, diatomite 12, sodium phosphate trimer 6, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 2, phoenix tree leaf 2, citrus seeds 1.5, the tuber of stemona 3, kuh-seng 2, pieris 2, Chinese wingnut leaf 3, luffa vine 1.5, azedarach 2, wartwort 1, ash 9, polyvinyl alcohol 7, carboxymethyl cellulose 5, sodium alginate 4; B, get medical stone and sepiolite mixes, 760 DEG C of calcinings 2 hours, put into after being cooled to room temperature concentration be 20% hydrogen peroxide solution soak 1 hour, take out and be washed to neutrality, dry, calcine 1 hour, be cooled to room temperature for 940 DEG C, pulverize, cross 100 mesh sieves, stand-by; C, get chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium, phoenix tree leaf, citrus seeds, the tuber of stemona, kuh-seng, pieris, Chinese wingnut leaf, luffa vine, azedarach, wartwort mix, add the water of 10 times amount, decoct extraction 60 minutes, filter, filter residue adds the water of 8 times amount again, decoct extraction 40 minutes, filter, merge decoction liquor, concentrated, freeze drying powdered, stand-by; The powder that d, the powder and the step c that are obtained by step b obtain mixes, and add diatomite and sodium phosphate trimer, stir 15 minutes, wet granulation, particle diameter is 2mm, dries, stand-by; E, get polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate mix, and adds 4 times of water gagings, heating water bath to 80 DEG C also under agitation adds ash, stirs rear even application at the obtained particle surface of steps d, dries, get product.

Compared with the Fruit of Panax ginseng that the Fruit of Panax ginseng adopting above-mentioned implantation methods to plant out and conventional method plant out, have the following advantages:

As seen from the above table, compared with traditional cultivation method, implantation methods Fruit of Panax ginseng per mu yield of the present invention improves 47.3%, and damage by disease and insect incidence reduces 83.8%, and plantation Fruit of Panax ginseng quality better out, safety nuisance free, planting cost is low, high production, profitable, greatly can improve income and the enthusiasm for production at plantation family, be applicable to large-scale promotion.

Claims (1)

1. an implantation methods for Fruit of Panax ginseng, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

(1) cuttage and seedling culture

Select more than 30 centimetres, sturdy tender, without the branch of damage by disease and insect, then be cut into the segment of 8-10 centimeter length, remove blade, leave petiole, for promoting that branch is taken root, branch lower end should be cut into inclined-plane, and to rise in methyl α-naphthyl acetate or heteroauxin 1/3 section of the quickly dipped bottom of branch once soon at the micro-∕ of liter of 50-200, and then cuttage is in seedling-cultivating tray, enter nursery soil 2-3 centimetre, to first water sufficient water after cuttage, then spread one deck fine earth, to prevent soil water evaporation; Seedling stage, temperature controlled at 15-25 DEG C, and soil moisture controls at 85-95%; Field planting is got final product when eight, nine leaves appear in seedling;

(2) wholely, fertilising, field planting

Selection irrigation and drainage are convenient, and physical features is higher, ventilation and penetrating light, and the soil is porous, and fertile neutral soil is planted; Mu executes well-rotted farmyard manure 4000-5000 kilogram, NPK Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50-70 kilogram, slow-release pesticidal particle 15-25 kilogram, deep ploughing 20-30 centimetre, then level land, to ditch again furrow, furrow width 70-80 centimetre, furrow face width 100-110 centimetre, high 10-15 centimetre, every ridge cultivation two row, seeding row spacing 40-60 centimetre, mu plants 2000-3000 strain, resident time carries out after 4 o'clock in the afternoon, waters sufficient normal root water after field planting;

(3) field management

1. rich water quality management

Except using sufficient base fertilizer, also should topdress twice: be once when fruit seedling grows into 25-30 centimetre; Another time is at fruit seedling close to when blooming, and Mu Shi NPK composite fertilizer 10-15 kilogram, from the pouring outward of 8-12 centimetre, nursery stock main root; The 3-6 month, the 9-11 month are that Fruit of Panax ginseng is grown and yields positive results the period needing water maximum, should water in time;

2. branch-finishing and pruning

Fruit of Panax ginseng germination is strong, should prune in time and prune, from plant 15 centimetres with upper part, 3-5 branch of selecting and remain is healthy and strong, the branch that is evenly distributed as major branch, remaining is all wiped out; Each side shoot stays 2-3 inflorescence, every inflorescence stays 2-3 fruit, and remaining inflorescence, fruitlet all remove;

3. built

The cane of Fruit of Panax ginseng is not too hard, in addition bear a heavy burden after bearing fruit large, so necessary built, so that management improves output, furrow face plays every 1-2 rice the bamboo stake that a timber or mao bamboon tail make along Fruit of Panax ginseng planting furrow, timber length 1.2-1.5 rice, then horizontally between timber and timber tie up a bamboo pole, horizontal when tiing up first bamboo pole highly overhead height 20-25 centimetre be advisable, to facilitate holder fruit as well;

(4) gather

When fruit appearance occur clear purple colour play, or without striped but fruit appearance epidermis is bright, smooth time can gather;

The preparation method of described slow-release pesticidal particle is as follows: a, take the raw material of following weight portion: medical stone 25-35, sepiolite 15-20, diatomite 10-15, sodium phosphate trimer 4-8, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 2-3, phoenix tree leaf 1.5-2.5, citrus seeds 1-2, tuber of stemona 3-4, kuh-seng 2-3, pieris 1-2, Chinese wingnut leaf 2.5-3.5, luffa vine 1-2, azedarach 2-3, wartwort 1-2, ash 8-12, polyvinyl alcohol 5-10, carboxymethyl cellulose 4-6, sodium alginate 3-5; B, get medical stone and sepiolite mixes, 720-760 DEG C of calcining 2-3 hour, putting into concentration after being cooled to room temperature is that the hydrogen peroxide solution of 15-20% soaks 1-2 hour, taking-up is washed to neutrality, dries, 910-940 DEG C of calcining 1-2 hour, be cooled to room temperature, pulverize, cross 100-150 mesh sieve, stand-by; C, get chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium, phoenix tree leaf, citrus seeds, the tuber of stemona, kuh-seng, pieris, Chinese wingnut leaf, luffa vine, azedarach, wartwort mix, add the water of 5-10 times amount, decoct and extract 50-60 minute, filter, filter residue adds the water of 4-8 times amount again, decoct and extract 30-40 minute, filter, merge decoction liquor, concentrated, freeze drying powdered, stand-by; The powder that d, the powder and the step c that are obtained by step b obtain mixes, and add diatomite and sodium phosphate trimer, stir 10-15 minute, wet granulation, particle diameter is 1-2mm, dries, stand-by; E, get polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate mix, and adds 2-4 times of water gaging, heating water bath is to 70-80 DEG C and under agitation add ash, stirs rear even application at the obtained particle surface of steps d, dries, get product.