CN106591982A - 阻燃性纤维、纱线和由其制造的织物 - Google Patents

阻燃性纤维、纱线和由其制造的织物 Download PDF

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CN106591982A
CN106591982A CN201610603136.0A CN201610603136A CN106591982A CN 106591982 A CN106591982 A CN 106591982A CN 201610603136 A CN201610603136 A CN 201610603136A CN 106591982 A CN106591982 A CN 106591982A
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fiber
flame retardant
acid
flammability
retardant
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CN106591982B (zh
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D.M.萨佐蒂
T.E.施米特
A.W.布里格斯
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Invista Textiles UK Ltd
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Invista Technologies SARL Switzerland
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/443—Heat-resistant, fireproof or flame-retardant yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/07—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt for making fire- or flame-proof filaments
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    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/60—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyamides
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    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
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    • D01F6/60—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyamides
    • D01F6/605—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyamides from aromatic polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
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    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
    • D01F6/90—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
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    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/12—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyamide as constituent
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    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
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Abstract

公开了用部分芳族聚酰胺和非卤素阻燃性添加剂制造的技术纤维和纱线。用这种纤维和纱线制造的织物显示了比传统阻燃性尼龙 6,6 织物优良的阻燃性。而且，公开的纤维和纱线在与其它阻燃性纤维混合时不显示阻燃性尼龙 6,6混合织物常见的危险的“支架效应”。

Description

阻燃性纤维、纱线和由其制造的织物
本申请是以下申请的分案申请：申请日：2011年9月21日；申请号：2011800457651(PCT/US2011/052557)；发明名称：“阻燃性纤维、纱线和由其制造的织物”。
发明领域
本发明总地来说涉及技术纤维、纱线和织物，并且具体地涉及包含部分芳族聚酰胺和非卤化的阻燃性添加剂的阻燃性纤维、纱线和由其制造的织物。
技术背景
阻燃性(FR) 织物在军事环境和非军事环境中都至关重要。消防员、赛车司机和石化工人是受益于阻燃性织物的附加保护的非军事群体中的仅少数人。然而，阻燃性织物的真正益处存在于军事中。除我们的军队必须在其中运作的严酷环境外，非常规的现代战争的到来产生甚至更敌对的环境。特定地，使用临时***装置（“IED”）停止士兵的大量护送使得个体的军队保护极其重要。
除防弹道织物和护身盔甲外，阻燃性织物也在保护士兵免遭IED中起重要作用。IED由多种材料（例如高***性装料、易燃性液体、弹片等）构成，一些充当射弹并且其它的充当爆裂后的***。因此，军事织物必须是各种结构的以处理来自IED的大量威胁。
基本上存在两种类型的保护性服装中使用的阻燃性织物：(1)由阻燃性有机纤维(例如，芳族聚酰胺、阻燃性人造纤维、聚苯并咪唑、变性聚丙烯腈等)制造的织物；和(2) 由已经被后处理以赋予阻燃性的常规材料（例如，棉）制造的阻燃性织物。Nomex®和Kevlar®芳族聚酰胺是阻燃性合成纤维中最常见的类型。这些通过将间-或对-芳族聚酰胺聚合物溶液纺丝成纤维来制备。芳族聚酰胺在极度加热下不熔化，自然是阻燃性的，但必须是溶液纺丝的。不幸地，Nomex®不太舒适并且难以生产而且对于生产是昂贵的。Kevlar®也难以生产并且对于生产是昂贵的。
将后处理阻燃性应用到织物上并可以分解成两种基本的类别：(1) 持久的阻燃性；和(2) 非持久的阻燃性。对于保护性服装，处理必须经得起洗熨，因此仅选择持久性处理。现今，更经常地，持久的阻燃性化学依赖于磷-基FR剂和用于将FR剂固定在织物上的化学品或树脂。
由于其加工性和强度而被广泛研究的一种聚合物纤维是尼龙 6,6 纤维。小量-约12%-的脂族尼龙纤维可以与棉混合并被化学处理以产生阻燃性织物。因为棉是主要的纤维组分，这种织物被称为“FR棉”织物。尼龙纤维给予FR棉织物和衣服优良的耐穿性。然而，因为尼龙是可熔融加工的(即，热塑性的)并且不提供固有的阻燃性，因此FR 织物中尼龙纤维的量是有限的。尝试化学改性脂族尼龙纤维并提高尼龙纤维含量，同时达到足够的阻燃性已经失败。实际上，Deopura和Alagirusamy在他们的新书Polyesters and Polyamides（聚 酯和聚酰胺） (纺织协会2008在第320页)中声明“[i]t seems unlikely that there willbe any major breakthroughs with regard to new and/or improved reactive flame-retardant comonomers or conventional … flame retardant additives for use in… mylon fibers.（在新的和/或改进的反应性阻燃性共聚用单体或常规阻燃性添加剂用于尼龙纤维方面似乎不可能有任何重要的突破）”。
发明内容
使用热塑性纤维与不熔化的耐燃性纤维的混合物(例如，脂族聚酰胺与FR处理的棉)的问题是所谓的“支架效应（scaffolding effect）”（参见 Horrocks等人, Fire Retardant Materials于 148, § 4.5.2 (2001)）。通常，热塑性纤维（包括用FR剂处理的或改性的那些）通过离开火源皱缩或当熔融聚合物滴下而离开火源时自熄并且熄灭。FR聚酯纤维是具有这些性能的纤维。当FR聚酯纤维与不熔化的阻燃性纤维例如FR处理的棉混合时，非熔化纤维形成碳质支架（“支架效应”）并且热塑性FR聚酯纤维被限制在火焰中并将继续燃烧。基本上，在垂直可燃烧性试验中，热塑性纤维聚合物熔化，并且沿非热塑性纤维织品流下并供给火焰燃烧，并且织物完全燃烧。另外，在服装中，熔化的聚合物会滴下并可以粘到人皮肤，导致给穿戴者产生额外的伤害。
需要这样的改进的阻燃性尼龙混合物：其消除“支架效应”，提供良好的阻燃性，防止滴下和粘住，并且是耐穿的。因此，期望找到可以与阻燃性添加剂混合到可以被编织或纺织或制成无纺自熄的、不滴下的，耐穿的/持久的阻燃性织物、棉胎或服装的纤维的熔化加工的聚合物的组合。
本文公开的发明提供了由熔化加工的聚酰胺和非卤素阻燃性添加剂制备的阻燃性织物。意想不到地，发现部分芳族聚酰胺在与阻燃性添加剂混合时是可熔化加工成纤维的，所述纤维在与相同的阻燃剂混合时展示超过脂族聚酰胺(例如，尼龙 6,6)的优良阻燃性。这是意想不到的，因为部分芳族聚酰胺是热塑性的 (即，加热后熔化)，这与“支架效应”和较差的阻燃性相关。
一方面，公开了包含部分芳族聚酰胺和非卤素阻燃剂的阻燃性纤维。部分芳族聚酰胺可包含芳族二胺单体和脂族二酸单体。另外，部分芳族聚酰胺可包含芳族和脂族二胺与二酸的聚合物或共聚物，包括MXD6。例如，MXD6指由间-二甲苯二胺（MXDA）与己二酸产生的聚酰胺。
另一方面，公开了用公开的阻燃性纤维制备的阻燃性纱线和织物。纱线还包括天然的或合成的附加纤维，其包括连续的长丝纤维和短纤维。附加纤维可以是固有地阻燃或用阻燃剂处理的。织物还可以包括附加的纱线，该附加的纱线是天然的、合成的、或两者的混合物。附加的纱线可以用阻燃剂处理或包含用阻燃剂处理的纤维。织物可以被染色并且也具有施用的附加涂层（阻燃性的和非阻燃性的）。
附图简述
图1a–1h显示了公开的阻燃性聚合物和常规尼龙 6,6 阻燃性聚合物的各方面的阻燃性。
图2显示了支架效应问题。
图3a – 3d显示了与阻燃性人造纤维混合时公开的织物和与阻燃性人造纤维混合的尼龙 6,6 阻燃剂的两方面的阻燃性。
图4比较了MXD6与具有各种添加剂的尼龙 6,6的后燃烧时间（after-flame time）。
发明详述
术语“耐燃的”、“阻燃的”和“FR”在本领域具有微妙的差别。这些术语的使用中的差别涉及描述在条件例如垂直燃烧测试下抗燃烧，以更慢的速度燃烧和能够自熄的织物。为了本发明术语“耐燃的”和“阻燃的”互换地使用并意指包括具有一种或更多种期望的性质例如耐燃性、缓慢燃烧性、自熄性等的任何织物。
公开了包含部分芳族聚酰胺和非卤素阻燃性添加剂的阻燃性纤维。部分芳族聚酰胺可包括包括选自以下的单体的聚合物或共聚物，芳族二胺单体、脂族二胺单体、芳族二酸单体、脂族二酸单体和它们的组合。部分芳族聚酰胺也可以包括或独一无二地是包含芳族二胺和非芳族二酸的MXD6。其它部分芳族聚酰胺可以基于芳族二酸例如对苯二酸（聚酰胺6T）或异酞酸（聚酰胺6I）或其混合物（聚酰胺6T/6I）。部分芳族聚酰胺的熔化或加工温度在约240℃ (对于MXD6)至约355℃ (对于聚酰胺酰亚胺)的范围内，包括约260℃、280℃、300℃、320℃和340℃。尼龙 6和尼龙 6,6分别具有约220℃和260℃的熔化温度。熔化温度越低，聚酰胺聚合物越易于加工到纤维中。下面是常见的部分芳族聚合物和比较非芳族的列表和它们相关的熔化温度。
部分芳族聚酰胺也可以包含多种部分芳族酰胺的共聚合物或混合物。例如，MXD6可以在形成纤维之前与尼龙 6/6T混合。此外，部分芳族聚合物可以与脂族聚酰胺或多种脂族聚酰胺的共聚合物或混合物混合。例如，MXD6可以在形成纤维之前与尼龙 6,6混合。
非卤素阻燃性添加剂可包括：三聚氰胺的缩合产物（包括蜜白胺，蜜勒胺和氰尿酰胺），三聚氰胺与磷酸的反应产物（包括磷酸三聚氰胺、焦磷酸三聚氰胺和多磷酸三聚氰胺（MPP）），三聚氰胺的缩合产物与磷酸的反应产物（包括多磷酸蜜白胺、多磷酸蜜勒胺、多磷酸氰尿酰胺），三聚氰胺氰脲酸酯 (MC)，二乙基次膦酸锌 (DEPZn)，二乙基次膦酸铝(DEPAl )，二乙基次膦酸钙，二乙基次膦酸镁，双酚-A双(二苯基次膦酸酯) （bisphenol-Abis(diphenyphosphinate)）(BPADP)，间苯二酚双(2,6-二二甲苯基磷酸酯)（resorcinolbis(2,6-dixylenyl phosphate） (RDX)，间苯二酚双(二苯基磷酸酯)（resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate)） (RDP)，磷氮氧化物（phosphorous oxynitride），硼酸锌，氧化锌，锡酸锌，羟基锡酸锌，硫化锌，磷酸锌，硅酸锌，氢氧化锌，碳酸锌，硬脂酸锌，硬脂酸镁，八钼酸铵，三聚氰胺钼酸盐，三聚氰胺八钼酸盐，偏硼酸钡，二茂铁，磷酸硼，硼酸硼，氢氧化镁，硼酸镁，氢氧化铝，铝三水合物，甘脲和3-氨基-1,2,4-***-5-硫醇的三聚氰胺盐，钾、锌和铁的尿唑盐，1,2-乙二基-4-4’-双-***烷-3,5,二酮，硅氧烷，Mg、Al、Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Zr、Mo、Sn、Sb、Ba、W和Bi的氧化物，多面体寡聚硅倍半氧烷，硅钨酸(SiTA)，磷钨酸，钨酸的三聚氰胺盐，直链、支链或环状的磷酸盐/酯或膦酸盐/酯，螺双膦酸盐/酯，螺双磷酸盐/酯，和纳米粒子，例如碳纳米管和纳米粘土（nanoclays）（包括但不限于，基于蒙脱石、叙永石和锂藻土(laponite)的那些）。
阻燃性添加剂以约1%至约25% w/w（包括约5%至约20% w/w，约5%至约10%和约10%）的量存在。阻燃性添加剂的平均粒径小于约3微米，包括小于约2微米和小于约1微米。
阻燃性添加剂的粒径可通过研磨方法制备，所述研磨方法包括每种组分的空气喷射研磨，或组分的共研磨混合物的空气喷射研磨以减小粒径。本领域中已知的其它湿法或干法研磨技术（例如，介质研磨）也可以被用于减小用纤维纺丝的添加剂粒径。若适合，研磨可涉及可能在压力下将液体研磨助剂在研磨程序中任何适合的点注入到研磨机中。添加这些液体助剂以稳定阻燃***和/或防止附聚。也可以在阻燃性添加剂的研磨过程中、阻燃性添加剂和聚合物的混合过程中和/或纤维纺丝过程中的任何适合的点添加帮助粒子润湿和/或防止再附聚的附加组分。
可以在挤出机中将阻燃剂与聚合物材料混合。一种可选的方法涉及将阻燃性组合物以比最终聚酰胺纤维产品中所需的更高的浓度分散在聚合物中，并形成母体混合物。可以将母体混合物磨碎或制粒并将产生的粒子与附加的聚酰胺树脂干法混合并且将这种混合物用于纤维纺丝程序。又一可选方法涉及将阻燃性添加剂的一些或全部组分在聚合程序中适合的点加到聚合物中。
阻燃性纤维可以是短纤维或连续长丝。阻燃性纤维也可以包含在无纺织物例如纺粘型织物、熔喷型织物或其混合物中。长丝横截面可以是任何形状的，包括圆形、三角形、星形、正方形、椭圆形、双叶形（bilobal）、三叶形（tri-lobal）或平的。此外，使用已知的变形方法使长丝变形。如上面所论述，纺丝到纤维中的部分芳族聚酰胺还可以包括附加的部分芳族或脂族聚合物。当纺丝这些纤维时，在纺成纱线之前可以混合多于一种聚酰胺聚合物的混合物，或者可以生产以双组分形式（例如并排或核/壳结构）包含至少一种部分芳族聚酰胺聚合物和附加的至少部分芳族聚酰胺聚合物和或脂族聚合物的多长丝纱线。
可以将阻燃性短纤维纺丝成阻燃性纱线。纱线可包含100% 阻燃性纤维，或可以是与阻燃性和非阻燃性的附加短纤维的混合物以制造短纤维纺丝纱线。附加纤维可包括棉、羊毛、亚麻、***、丝、尼龙、莱赛尔、聚酯和人造纤维。上面的短纤维纺丝纱线也可以包括其它热塑性或非热塑性纤维，例如纤维素、芳香族聚酰胺、酚醛、酚、聚酯、氧化丙烯酸、改性丙烯酸、三聚氰胺、聚(对亚苯基苯并双噁唑)(PBO)、聚苯并咪唑 (PBI)或聚磺酰胺(PSA)，氧化聚丙烯腈(PAN)(例如部分氧化的PAN)、及其混合物。如本文所用，纤维素包括棉、人造纤维和莱赛尔。热塑性/非-热塑性纤维可以是阻燃性的。某些纤维，例如芳香族聚酰胺、PBI或PBO，在燃烧暴露之后保持强度并且当用于混合的纱线和织物时有效减少可燃性测试后的织物烧焦长度。
包括用公开的阻燃性纤维制造的阻燃性纱线的织物将在纺织品垂直可燃性测试（ASTMD6413）中自熄。在用100%的公开的阻燃性纤维制造的织物中或如上文公开的阻燃性纤维与短纤维纺丝纤维的混合物中达到所述自熄行为。用公开的阻燃性纱线制造的织物也可以包括附加纱线，例如纤维素、芳香族聚酰胺、酚、聚酯、氧化丙烯酸、改性丙烯酸、三聚氰胺、棉、丝、亚麻、***、羊毛、人造纤维、莱赛尔、聚(对亚苯基苯并双噁唑) (PBO)、聚苯并咪唑(PBI)和聚磺酰胺(PSA) 纤维、部分氧化的丙烯酸（包括部分氧化的丙烯腈）、酚醛、羊毛、亚麻、***、丝、尼龙（无论FR的或非FR）聚酯、抗静电纤维、和它们的组合。若需要可以用附加阻燃性添加剂和涂料处理织物。用于处理棉的示例性方法参见Cotton Incorporated，Cary，North Carolina,出版的技术公告“织物阻燃性处理（Fabric Flame RetardantTreatment）”(2003) ，据此通过引用全部并入本文。织物可以是机织织物、针织织物和无纺织物。无纺织物包括由梳理纤维网、湿法成网，或纺粘/熔喷方法制造的那些。
纤维、纱线和织物也可以包含附加组分例如：UV稳定剂、抗微生物剂、漂白剂、荧光增白剂、抗氧化剂、颜料、燃料、防脏剂、防污剂、纳米颗粒和防水剂。可以将UV稳定剂、抗微生物剂、荧光增白剂、抗氧化剂、纳米颗粒和颜料在熔化纺丝之前加到阻燃性纤维或在纤维形成之后作为后处理添加。染料、防脏剂、防污剂、纳米颗粒和防水剂可以在纤维和/或织物形成之后作为后处理添加。对于纱线和织物，可以将附加组分作为后处理添加。用公开的阻燃性纤维制造的织物也可以具有为了耐磨或为了控制液体/蒸汽渗入而施加的涂层或层状膜。
如图 1a–1h中所示，与用常规尼龙 6,6 阻燃性纤维制造的模制层状物相比，用公开的阻燃性聚合物制造的模制层状物显示了优良的阻燃性（如使用ASTM D-6413测定）。
图2是与阻燃性热塑性和非热塑性纤维相关的支架效应的示意图。图 3a – 3c比较了用公开的阻燃性纤维和阻燃性人造纤维制造的织物与用尼龙 6,6 阻燃性纤维和阻燃性人造纤维制造的织物。此处，用公开的阻燃性纤维制造的织物 (图 3b – 3c)没有支架问题，而尼龙 6,6 织物 (图3a)则具有。图4显示了具有不同浓度的不同阻燃性添加剂的尼龙6,6和MXD6 聚合物的垂直可燃性数据。附图显示了MXD6 超过尼龙 6,6的意料之外的优势。
定义：
后燃烧指：“已经除去点燃源之后材料的持续燃烧”[来源： ATSM D6413 Standard test Method for Flame Resistance of Textiles (Vertical Method)]。
烧焦长度指：“在已经施用规定的撕力之后，从直接暴露于火焰的织物边缘到可见的织物损坏最远处的距离” [来源：ATSM D6413 Standard test Method for Flame Resistance of Textiles (Vertical Method)]。
滴指：“缺乏用于形成连续流的足够的量或压力的液体流” [来源：National FireProtection Association (NFPA) Standard 2112，Standard on Flame-Resistant Garments for Protection of Industrial Personnel Against Flash Fire]。
熔化指：“材料对热的响应，导致流动或滴下的证据’ [Source: National FireProtection Association (NFPA) Standard 2112，Standard on Flame-Resistant Garments for Protection of Industrial Personnel Against Flash Fire].
自熄指：“材料将在除去点燃源之后不持续燃烧或燃烧将在样品完全耗尽之前停止”。当通过用于纺织品耐燃性的ATSM D6413标准测试方法（垂直方法）测试时。
测试方法：
根据ASTM D-6413纺织品耐燃性的标准测试方法(垂直测试)确定阻燃性。
压模层状物的制备：将含或不含FR添加剂的聚合物压模成尺寸为约10 cm x 10cm并且重约10克的膜。在模制前，将机织玻璃纤维稀松布放置在聚合物混合物上面和下面。所述玻璃纤维稀松布在垂直可燃性测试过程中防止聚合物收缩或熔化而远离火焰并且可以预测“支架效应”的可能存在。稀松布的重量是最终层状物的约7%。模制温度高于聚合物的熔化温度约25摄氏度。
实施例
实施例1-7: 用不同外观的公开的阻燃性纤维制造的模制层状物的阻燃性。
使用上面的技术制备测试层状物。实施例1用MXD6制备并且不含阻燃性添加剂。实施例2用MXD6和10% w/w MPP (三聚氰胺多磷酸盐) 添加剂制备。实施例3用MXD6和10% w/w MC(三聚氰胺氰脲酸酯)添加剂制备。实施例4用MXD6和10% w/w DEPZn (二乙基次膦酸锌)添加剂制备。实施例5用MXD6和10% w/w DEPAl（二乙基次膦酸铝）制备。实施例6用MXD6和2%w/w SiTA（硅钨酸）制备。实施例7用MXD6和20% w/w MC添加剂制备。在下面表1中报告结果。
对比实施例1-4：用尼龙 6,6和阻燃性添加剂制造的模制层状物的阻燃性
使用上面的技术制备测试层状物。对比实施例1用尼龙 6,6制备并不含阻燃性添加剂。对比实施例2 用尼龙 6,6和10% w/w MPP添加剂制备。对比实施例3用尼龙 6,6和10% w/wMC添加剂制备。对比实施例4用尼龙 6,6和10% w/w DEPZn添加剂制备。对比实施例5用尼龙6,6制造并不含阻燃性添加剂。在下面表1中报告结果。
表1 –阻燃性测量
如上面表1中所示，与尼龙 6,6相对物相比，公开的阻燃性层状物自熄并具有更短的后燃烧时间。此外，公开的阻燃性层状物也使得无燃烧的滴（任何阻燃性织物期望的特征）。因为MXD6和尼龙 6,6基聚合物都是可熔化加工的，所以上述的MXD6 聚合物的结果是令人惊讶的和意想不到的。
实施例8-18：用公开的阻燃性纤维和阻燃性人造纤维制造的织物的阻燃性。在下面的实施例中，将阻燃的热塑性纱线与短纤维纺丝的FR 人造纤维纱线 (Lenzing FR)组合并针织成管状织物。混合的织物包含约百分之50的各种纱线。在可燃性测试前将纤维涂料和针织油从织物除去。
实施例8是含有2% w/w MPP添加剂的阻燃性MXD6纤维与阻燃性人造纤维的织物混合物。实施例9是含有5% w/w MPP添加剂的阻燃性MXD6纤维与阻燃性人造纤维的织物混合物。实施例10是含有10% w/w MPP 添加剂的阻燃性MXD6纤维与阻燃性人造纤维的织物混合物。实施例11是含有2% w/w DEPAl 添加剂的阻燃性MXD6纤维与阻燃性人造纤维的织物混合物。实施例12是含有5% w/w DEPAl添加剂的阻燃性MXD6纤维与阻燃性人造纤维的织物混合物。实施例13是含有10% w/w DEPAl添加剂的阻燃性MXD6纤维与阻燃性人造纤维的织物混合物。实施例14是含有5% w/w DEPZn 添加剂的阻燃性MXD6纤维与阻燃性人造纤维的织物混合物。实施例15是含有10% w/w DEPZn 添加剂的阻燃性MXD6纤维与阻燃性人造纤维的织物混合物。在下面表2中报告结果。
对比实施例6-8：用尼龙 6,6 阻燃性纤维和阻燃性人造纤维制造的织物的阻燃性
对比实施例6是含有5% w/w MPP添加剂的阻燃性尼龙 6,6纤维与阻燃性人造纤维的织物混合物。对比实施例7是含有10% w/w MPP添加剂的阻燃性尼龙 6,6纤维与阻燃性人造纤维的织物混合物。对比实施例8是含有10% w/w DEPAl添加剂的阻燃性尼龙 6,6纤维与阻燃性人造纤维的织物混合物。在下面表2中报告结果。
表2 –阻燃性测量
在此，MXD6和阻燃性人造纤维的混合物显示了比尼龙 6,6和阻燃性人造纤维的对比混合物优良的结果。如上面所论述，这些结果是令人惊讶的和意料之外的。
虽然已经结合其具体的方面描述了本发明，但是显然，借助于前述说明，许多替代、修改和变形对于本领域技术人员来说将是明显的。因此，本发明意欲涵盖落在权利要求书的精神和范围内所有的这些替代、修改和变形。

Claims (26)

1.一种阻燃性纤维，其包含部分芳族聚酰胺和非卤素阻燃性添加剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的阻燃性纤维，其中，所述部分芳族聚酰胺包含芳族和脂族二胺与二酸的聚合物或共聚合物。
3.如权利要求2所述的阻燃性纤维，其中，所述部分芳族聚酰胺还包含芳族二胺单体和脂族二酸单体。
4.如权利要求1所述的阻燃性纤维，其中，所述部分芳族聚酰胺是MXD6。
5.如权利要求1所述的阻燃性纤维，其中，所述非卤素阻燃性添加剂选自：三聚氰胺的缩合产物(包括蜜白胺、蜜勒胺和氰尿酰胺)，三聚氰胺与磷酸的反应产物（包括磷酸三聚氰胺、焦磷酸三聚氰胺和多磷酸三聚氰胺(MPP)，三聚氰胺的缩合产物与磷酸的反应产物（包括多磷酸蜜白胺、多磷酸蜜勒胺、多磷酸氰尿酰胺），三聚氰胺氰脲酸酯(MC)，二乙基次膦酸锌(DEPZn)、二乙基次膦酸铝(DEPAI)、二乙基次膦酸钙、二乙基次膦酸镁、双酚-A双（二苯基次膦酸酯）(BPADP)，间苯二酚双(2,6-二二甲苯基磷酸酯) (RDX)，间苯二酚双(二苯基磷酸酯) (RDP)，磷氮氧化物，硼酸锌，氧化锌，锡酸锌，羟基锡酸锌，硫化锌，磷酸锌，硅酸锌，氢氧化锌，碳酸锌，硬脂酸锌，硬脂酸镁，八钼酸铵，三聚氰胺钼酸盐，三聚氰胺八钼酸盐，偏硼酸钡，二茂铁，磷酸硼，硼酸硼，氢氧化镁，硼酸镁，氢氧化铝，铝三水合物，甘脲和3-氨基-1,2,4-***-5-硫醇的三聚氰胺盐，钾、锌和铁的尿唑盐，1,2-乙二基-4-4’-双-***烷-3,5,二酮，硅氧烷，Mg、Al、Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Zr、Mo、Sn、Sb、Ba、W和Bi的氧化物，多面体寡聚硅倍半氧烷、碳纳米管、纳米粘土、硅钨酸(SiTA)、磷钨酸、钨酸的三聚氰胺盐、直链、支链或环状的磷酸盐/酯或膦酸盐/酯、螺双膦酸盐/酯、螺双磷酸盐/酯，和它们的组合。
6.如权利要求1所述的阻燃性纤维，其中，所述非卤素阻燃性添加剂选自MPP、MC、DEPZn和DEPAl。
7.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的阻燃性纤维，其中，所述非卤素阻燃性添加剂以约 5重量%至约10重量% 的浓度存在。
8.一种阻燃性短纤维纺织的纱线，其包含至少一种权利要求1-7中任一项所述的阻燃性纤维。
9.如权利要求8所述的阻燃性短纤维纺织的纱线，还包含附加的纤维。
10.如权利要求9所述的阻燃性短纤维纺织的纱线，其中，所述附加的纤维选自：纤维素、芳香族聚酰胺、酚、聚酯、氧化丙烯酸、改性丙烯酸、三聚氰胺、丝、亚麻、***、羊毛、聚(对亚苯基苯并双噁唑) (PBO)、聚苯并咪唑 (PBI)和聚磺酰胺(PSA) 纤维。
11.如权利要求9-10中任一项所述的阻燃性短纤维纺织的纱线，其中，所述附加的纤维已经用阻燃剂处理。
12.如权利要求9所述的阻燃性短纤维纺织的纱线，其中，所述附加的纤维是棉、人造纤维、聚酯或莱赛尔。
13.一种包含至少一种权利要求1-7中任一项所述的阻燃性纤维的阻燃性连续长丝纱线，其中所述阻燃性纤维是连续的。
14.如权利要求13所述的阻燃性连续长丝纱线，还包含附加的连续长丝纤维。
15.如权利要求14所述的阻燃性连续长丝纱线，其中，所述附加的连续长丝纤维选自：芳香族聚酰胺、酚、聚酯、氧化丙烯酸、改性丙烯酸、三聚氰胺、莱赛尔、聚(对亚苯基苯并双噁唑) (PBO)、聚苯并咪唑 (PBI)和聚磺酰胺(PSA) 纤维。
16.如权利要求14-15中任一项所述的阻燃性连续长丝纱线，其中，所述附加的连续长丝纤维已经用阻燃剂处理。
17.一种包含权利要求8-16中任一项所述的纱线的织物。
18.如权利要求17所述的织物，其还包含附加的纱线。
19.如权利要求18所述的织物，其中，所述附加的纱线包含选自以下的纤维：纤维素、芳香族聚酰胺、酚、聚酯、氧化丙烯酸、改性丙烯酸、三聚氰胺、棉、丝、亚麻、***、羊毛、人造纤维、莱赛尔、聚(对亚苯基苯并双噁唑) (PBO)、聚苯并咪唑(PBI)和聚磺酰胺(PSA) 纤维。
20.一种包含权利要求1-7中任一项所述的阻燃性纤维的无纺阻燃性织物。
21.如权利要求20所述的无纺阻燃性织物，其中，所述无纺织物通过选自以下的方法制造：纺粘、熔喷及其组合。
22.一种包含至少一种纤维的阻燃性织物，其中，所述纤维包含部分芳族聚酰胺和非卤素阻燃性添加剂，而且其中，所述织物能够在垂直可燃性测试中自熄。
23.一种包含至少一种纤维的阻燃性织物，其中，所述纤维包含部分芳族聚酰胺和非卤素阻燃性添加剂，而且其中，所述织物能够在垂直可燃性测试中具有小于约60秒的后燃烧时间。
24.一种阻燃性纤维，其包含至少一种部分芳族聚酰胺、至少一种脂族聚酰胺和至少一种非卤素阻燃性添加剂。
25.如权利要求24所述的阻燃性纤维，其还包含第二种部分芳族聚酰胺。
26.如权利要求25所述的阻燃性纤维，其中，所述至少一种部分芳族聚酰胺是MXD6并且所述第二种部分芳族聚酰胺是尼龙 6/6T。
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