CN106555274B - 制造机动车内部设备部件的方法和机动车内部设备部件 - Google Patents

制造机动车内部设备部件的方法和机动车内部设备部件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106555274B
CN106555274B CN201610839171.2A CN201610839171A CN106555274B CN 106555274 B CN106555274 B CN 106555274B CN 201610839171 A CN201610839171 A CN 201610839171A CN 106555274 B CN106555274 B CN 106555274B
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fibers
web
melting temperature
temperature
layer
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CN106555274A (zh
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哈维尔·巴特利耶
达尼埃尔·博戴
丹尼诗·梅迪纳
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Adler Pelzer France Grand Est SAS
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Faurecia Automotive Industrie SAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及制造机动车内部设备部件的方法和机动车内部设备部件,该方法包括按照顺序的如下步骤:在传送机上获得纤维的第一纤网;堆叠纤维的第二纤网并获得组合件;针刺组合件;将针刺组合件加热至加热温度并获得涂层;及热成型涂层和下部以获得所述部件。第二纤网包含具有单组分的连续纤维,所述纤维具有熔融温度(T1),组合件进一步包括堆叠在第一纤网的基底上的结合层,结合层主要包括至少一种熔融温度(TL)高于成型温度(TF)并小于熔融温度(T1)的热塑性聚合物,或第二纤网包含不连续纤维,不连续纤维包括基本纤维和结合纤维。本发明的方法成本低,获得的部件具有充足的伸长和耐磨强度,而无任何乳胶涂层,以及因此比重保持较低。

Description

制造机动车内部设备部件的方法和机动车内部设备部件
技术领域
本发明涉及用于由至少两层纤维网制造机动车内部设备的部件的方法。
背景技术
作为地板材料用于汽车的地毯基本上是“平面针刺的(flat needled)”或针刺的
Figure GDA0002655719540000011
型针刺地毯。这些地毯属于非织造织物族。它们优于传统的织造物涂层,因为它们可变形并能适应车辆地板的形状。通过热成型来实现适应车辆地板的结构的地毯的形状。因为这些地毯通常与用于产生能够隔音或吸音的声学复合体的子层(sub-layer)(重质层或毡层)有关,热成型在这些底层(under-layer)的软化温度下发生,例如在底层是基于聚烯烃的重质层的情况下,热成型从110℃开始发生。
Figure GDA0002655719540000012
针刺织物也称为“针刺丝绒”,因为其表面外观涉及丝绒的表面外观。在这种情况下,这种丝绒由作为单独的环或纤维(剪了毛的环)的纤维组成。
这些地毯由纤维网(被称为前体纤网,其已经过被称为预针刺的第一次针刺)制成,例如在由装备有刷组合件的传送机和装备有针板(也称为梳子)的针头组成的
Figure GDA0002655719540000013
机器上制成。这些针运走一部分纤网的纤维至传送机的刷内侧在与终产物的丝绒的高度对应的深度。该步骤有时称为“dilouring”。
在丝绒形成的同时,通过促使纤网的部分中的纤维缠结,针刺使纤网致密,称为“基底(sole)”,其保持在刷的表面上。因此,基底的厚度随着纤维互相缠结逐渐减少。
然后,在紧接着“dilouring”的步骤剪切丝绒,剃去丝绒的环的高度。然后,丝绒的组成纤维通常具有“U”形,在基底中发现的“U”的基部。
为了改进这种类型的地毯的有用的丝绒密度,使用机器“Dilour IV”(即具有两个针头的在有刷的普通传送机上运行的
Figure GDA0002655719540000014
机器)是已知的。两层纤网是关联的,一层纤网从第一个针头下面通过,第二层纤网被贴附在第二个针头的入口处的第一个针头。由此获得的针刺密度相比于简单的
Figure GDA0002655719540000021
机器得到改善,并且提供了获得希望的丝绒密度和改善耐磨性的可能性。
然而,如果采用该方法获得可接受的丝绒密度,则需要相对高重量的纤维。这是由于以下的事实,通过梳理/打击制造的纤网在低于某一重量时不再均匀,这在热成型时导致形成脆弱区域,引起在涂层中撕裂。
此外,由于打击相对于传送方向优选横向方向,这种类型的纤网的取向不是各向异性的。因此,在纵向方向上显著伸展有导致撕裂的风险,并且这尤其如此,因为其与脆弱区域一致。
另外,这些产品的重量很少降至低于600g/m2
通常,通过将基底中的纤维结合在一起的树脂巩固通过针刺形成的地毯。的确,针刺提供的机械凝聚力有时证明在车辆的使用过程中不足以保证良好的性能(具体为耐磨性、纤维分离性等)。
这些树脂通常是SBR(苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶)型的乳胶,并且通过已知的涂覆方法作为水分散体施用于地毯的背部,然后挤压以使分散体透入基底内。然后在炉中干燥以排出水分。在干燥后保持在基底中的乳胶的干提取物的表面质量为纤网的表面质量的15至30%。
使用乳胶具有缺点,因为分散体透入基底内是难于控制的(不应以任何方法穿过基底,这会污染丝绒中的纤维),部分原因是由纤维纤网络的随机性产生的毛细管现象。此外,乳胶是难以重复利用的热固性(或交联性)的聚合物,以及乳胶残余物应该被储存,因为其对环境是潜在危险的。
由于环境原因,这种通过乳胶涂层(通常是热固性和非重复利用性的SBR树脂)的结合越来越频繁地被替换为通过熔融具有低于大多数纤维的熔点的纤维结合。这些可熔融的纤维,也称为结合纤维,通常是双组分纤维,有利地具有给定聚合物的核心和低熔点的共聚物的鞘,例如在250℃熔融的PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)的核心和在120℃熔融的Co-PET(共聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)的鞘。因此,针对生产这样的织物涂层的混合物将由例如90%PET纤维和10%双组分PET和Co-PET纤维组成。
可熔融的纤维的结合在炉中发生,例如在针刺操作后采用交叉气流或通过轧光(经常将这些操作中的两者结合),因为在后续操作之前,例如剪切和按照声学子层,通常是重质层(通常是基于高强度负载白垩或重晶石的聚烯烃聚合物的膜)排列,涂层应该获得所有其抗性。
在这个阶段,具有结合纤维的低熔点的聚合物因此熔融并基本上在产物的基底中的纤维之间产生结合点。
此外,该类型的涂层应该是可热成型的,即其应该能够适应汽车地板的形状,并且因此能够经受高达30%的相对伸长率。
目前,认识到了一旦使涂层热成型,用结合纤维巩固不会使涂层获得与乳胶涂层相同的性能。如果在热成型前耐磨性符合规范,则通常热成型后其便不再符合规范。
这种差异通过乳胶产物的伸长强度大于由可熔融纤维结合的产物的伸长强度的事实来解释。因此,在受强应力的区域如足腔(foot cavities)(位于座位前面的地板部分)热成型时,由可熔融纤维结合的产物的伸展多于乳胶产物,并且具有更少的表面质量。因此,在磨损测试的、在该区域采集的样品,与乳胶产物相比具有低得多的性能。
这又使产品重量增加,该产品减少或使该技术失去其经济利益。
文献US 8,287,983描述了一种涂层,称为“卢特拉夫罗尔聚丙烯纺粘布(Lutraflor)”,其给出了通过用作具有双组分Co-PET/PET细丝的纺粘型织物(指定一层涂覆的连续细丝层,挤压的直线,然后通过轧光结合在一起的术语)的第二纤网,以获得非常低的重量水平的可能性。这样的纤网通过熔融Co-PET而不使用任何乳胶使得纤维结合。
然而,挤压双组分细丝的进行比挤压具有单组分的细丝更精细。因此,生产率较低。整合了纺粘型织物的第二纤网与双组分细丝的涂层因此更轻,但是其成本相同,甚至由于该精细生产,成本高于常规产品。该产品允许的重量减少不足以使其在经济上非常有利。
进一步,这样的涂层的机械强度和尺寸稳定性似乎低于包括乳胶的涂层。
发明内容
本发明的目的是寻找对上面所有或部分缺陷的弥补物,即特别是以低成本获得,并且具有设备的简单部件、具有非常令人满意的丝绒样层的机动车内部设备的部件、充足的伸长和耐磨强度,而无任何乳胶涂层,以及因此比重保持较低。
出于该目的,本发明涉及用于制造机动车内部设备的部件的方法,包括按顺序的下列步骤:
-在装备有刷的传送机上获得不连续纤维的第一纤网,所述第一纤网包括形成基底(sole)的纤维的第一层和用于形成丝绒并相对于所述基底位于所述传送机的上侧的纤维的第二层,
-堆叠纤维的第二纤网,并获得包括所述第一纤网和所述第二纤网的组合件,
-在所述传送机上针刺所述组合件以将所述第二纤网的纤维与所述第一纤网的基底的纤维缠结,并获得针刺的组合件,
-将所述针刺的组合件加热至加热温度(TC),并在冷却后获得涂层,以及
-热成型所述涂层和附着在所述第二纤网上的下部,所述热成型在成型温度(TF)下进行,以获得所述部件,
其中,所述第二纤网包含具有单组分的连续纤维,所述纤维具有熔融温度(T1),获得的组合件进一步包括堆叠在所述第一纤网的基底上的结合层,所述结合层主要包括至少一种熔融温度(TL)高于所述成型温度(TF)并小于所述熔融温度(T1)的热塑性聚合物,所述第二纤网堆叠在所述结合层上,所述加热温度(TC)高于所述熔融温度(TL),或
所述第二纤网包含不连续纤维,所述不连续纤维包括基本纤维和25质量%至75质量%的至少部分可熔融的结合纤维,所述结合纤维包含熔融温度(TL2)高于所述成型温度(TF)的热塑性聚合物,所述基本纤维的熔融温度(T2)高于所述热塑性聚合物的熔融温度(TL2),所述加热温度(TC)高于所述熔融温度(TL2)。
根据具体的实施方式,该方法包括一个或数个根据所有技术上可能的组合取得的下列特性:
-熔融温度(TL)高于成型温度(TF)至少30℃,并且低于熔融温度(T1)至少30℃,加热温度(TC)高于熔融温度(TL)至少30℃,或者熔融温度(TL2)高于成型温度(TF)至少30℃,熔融温度(T2)高于所述热塑性聚合物的熔融温度(TL2)至少30℃,加热温度(TC)高于熔融温度(TL2)至少30℃。
-第一纤网包含5质量%至10质量%的结合纤维,所述结合纤维在所述加热温度(TC)和所述成型温度(TF)下至少部分可熔融;
-结合纤维是双组分纤维,两种组分中的一种的熔融温度高于成型温度(TF);
-用于获得第一纤网的步骤包括在堆叠结合层之前针刺的子步骤,以形成纤维的第二层;
-结合层包括膜或非织造织物,该膜或非织造织物包含热塑性聚合物;
-结合层主要包含共聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙烯、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、聚酰胺、聚丙烯或其混合物;
-第二纤网的纤维由聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺、聚乳酸或其混合物制成;以及
-第二纤网的结合纤维主要包含取自共聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚乙烯、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、聚酰胺、聚丙烯或其混合物中的聚合物。
本发明还涉及用于机动车的内部设备的部件,包括:
-不连续纤维的第一纤网,包括形成基底的纤维的第一层和形成丝绒的纤维的第二层;
-纤维的第二纤网,第二纤网的纤维与第一纤网的基底的纤维缠结,以及
-附着在第二纤网上的下部,
部件进一步包括附着在第一纤网的基底上的结合层,附着在结合层上的第二纤网,并且主要包含具有单组分的连续纤维,所述纤维具有熔融温度(T1),结合层主要包括至少一种熔融温度(TL)小于熔融温度(T1)的热塑性聚合物,或
第二纤网主要包含不连续纤维,不连续纤维包括基本纤维和25质量%至75质量%的至少部分可熔融的结合纤维,该结合纤维包含具有熔融温度(TL2)的热塑性聚合物,基本纤维的熔融温度(T2)高于所述热塑性聚合物的熔融温度(TL2)。
附图说明
通过阅读下面仅作为实例给出的描述并参考附图,将会更好地理解本发明,其中:
-图1是根据本发明的实施方式的设备的部件的剖面示意图,
-图2是在部件的结合层的图1的细节,以及
-图3是应用根据本发明的方法的设备的示意图,该方法提供生产图1举例说明的设备的部件的可能性。
具体实施方式
实施例1
根据本发明的机动车内部设备的部件1的一部分在图1和图2中举例说明。例如该部分在延伸平面P上延伸,并作为沿垂直于延伸平面的剖面P'的部分举例说明。
部件1是例如机动车的内部设备的地毯。部件1例如用于铺设在车辆的地板上或壁上。部件1由纺织物涂层10和下部5组成。
下部5是例如基于允许隔音的聚烯烃的重质层或在优选吸音的情况下是毡层。
垂直于延伸平面P的涂层10的厚度大于1mm,例如为3mm至10mm。涂层10的表面质量小于2,000g/m2,尤其为400g/m2至1,000g/m2
涂层10包括不连续纤维和针刺纤维的第一纤网12,与第一纤网平行设置的连续的第二纤维20的第二纤网18,以及在第一纤网和第二纤网之间延伸并将它们机械地连接在一起的结合层22。
“纤网”的意思是通过梳理/打击获得的纤维的层。
涂层10有利地没有任何乳胶。
第一纤网12包含第一基本纤维14和第一结合纤维16。
第一纤网12包括纤维的第一层24,所述纤维的第一层24形成在延伸平面P上延伸的基底,以及纤维的第二层26,所述纤维的第二层26由涂层10的一侧上的基底形成用于对机动车的使用者可视(未示出)的丝绒。
丝绒由作为环或单独纤维(剪切的环)的第一基本纤维14和第一结合纤维16组成。
丝绒的厚度有利地大于基底的厚度。丝绒层的厚度有利地为2mm至5mm。丝绒的密度优选为0.03g/cm3至0.06g/cm3。这样的密度保证了好看的外观和良好的耐磨性。
该密度例如通过确定通过从基底剪下所有丝绒获得的材料的重量与丝绒层的初始体积的比来测量。
第一纤网12的基底是平面针刺织物的形式。
基底的表面质量在50g/m2以上,尤其为50g/m2至200g/m2
第一基本纤维14和第一结合纤维16形成“U”形,其基部位于第一层24,并且端部位于用于形成丝绒的第二层26。因此,第一基本纤维14和第一结合纤维16在包含在纤维的第一层24中的其部分中至少部分地结合在一起。
第一基本纤维14基于热塑性聚合物制成,有利地由PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯)制成。或者,第一基本纤维14由聚丙烯、聚酰胺、聚乳酸、其混合物或其与PET的混合物制成。第一基本纤维14例如主要在第一纤网12中。
在本申请中,“主要”的意思是至少50质量%,优选至少90质量%。
第一基本纤维14的长度通常为40mm至100mm。其纤度有利地为3.3分特至25分特。
第一结合纤维16是至少部分可熔融的。它们通常包含例如包含核心和围绕核心的外鞘的双组分纤维。外鞘的熔融温度低于核心的熔融温度。
例如,核心由聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯制成,并且鞘由共聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯制成。
或者,第一结合纤维16由单一聚合物组成,其熔点低于第一基本纤维14的熔点,有利地低于第一基本纤维14的熔点约100℃。因此,第一结合纤维16的聚合物例如具有从110℃开始的熔融温度。的确,第一纤网12在成型时不参与抗伸长或仅稍微地参与抗伸长,第一结合纤维16的聚合物上的应力较小。在该供选择的实施方式中,第一结合纤维16例如是基于聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酰胺或共聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、其混合物或其共聚物形成的。
用基于单一聚合物的纤维操作的好处是其成本比双组分纤维的成本低约30%。
根据本发明,相对于第一纤网12的总质量的第一结合纤维16的质量含量占不是零并且在15%以下,有利地为5%至15%。
第一结合纤维16分散在整个第一纤网12中,并且在丝绒和基底两者中均存在,例如是均匀地存在。
第二纤网18是例如包括具有单组分的第二纤维20的纺粘型织物(该术语的意思已在上文中给出)。优选地,该非织造纺粘型织物通过轧光轻微巩固,以为细丝留下最大的自由度。该自由度需在针刺期间进行使用,这将在下文描述。
第二纤网18有利地是均匀的(例如纤网中任意位置取得的10cm2的样品具有非常接近的重量,相对差异有利地为小于5%)并且是沿延伸平面P各向异性的(纤维在平面的所有方向上的取向而不偏向于任何方向),这有助于部件1的良好的热成型性。第二纤网18的表面质量有利地为50g/m2至200g/m2,例如为约150g/m2
由于第二纤网18是均匀和各向异性的,因此其具有良好的热成型性,甚至具有低重量,因为它与传统的针刺织物不同,不包括任何脆弱区域。
第二纤维20具有不确定的长度,如果不限制,会到达挤压它们而没有任何中断并马上被涂覆的程度。第二纤维20被认为是“连续的”,与较短的第一基本纤维14和第一结合纤维16相反。
第二纤维20例如由与第一基本纤维14相同的聚合物,即优选由PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯)制成。或者,第二纤维20由聚丙烯、聚酰胺或聚乳酸制成。根据另一种实施方式,第一基本纤维14和20基于不同的聚合物制成。例如,纤维14可由聚酰胺制成而第二纤维20可由PET制成。
第二纤维20具有熔融温度T1。
某些第二纤维20穿过结合层22并且至少与第一纤网12的第一层24的第一基本纤维14和第一结合纤维16缠结。
根据具体的实施方式(未示出),第二纤维20从第一层24伸出并促使丝绒的形成。
在每种情况下,第一纤网12的第一层24、结合层22和第二纤网18一起形成完整的基底28,在用于形成丝绒的某些实施方式中从完整的基底28中逃出一些第一基本纤维14和第一结合纤维16,有时是第二纤维20。
结合层22主要包括至少一种热塑性聚合物,有利地为共聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚乙烯、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、聚酰胺、聚丙烯或其混合物。
结合层22的聚合物具有熔融温度TL,优选小于第二纤维20的熔融温度至少30℃,并且优选高于部件1的热成型温度TF至少30℃。至少30℃的差异大于用于常规工业热成型的普遍可接受容限。
例如,如果成型温度TF是130℃,且如果第二纤维20基于熔融温度T1为250℃的PET制成,结合层22的聚合物优选具有160℃至220℃的熔融温度TL。例如,聚丙烯通常具有大约为160℃的熔融温度(例如科莱恩(Clariant)的
Figure GDA0002655719540000091
);聚酰胺6具有大约为220℃的熔融温度;或进一步,co-PET具有在需要范围内可容易地调整的熔融温度。
结合层22例如是膜,或供选择地为非织造物,该膜或非织造物任选地通过针刺部分地穿孔,然后熔融以部分地浸渍第一纤网12和第二纤网18(图2)。在使用纺粘型非织造物的情况下,通过轧光提供的纤维内结合是显著的,使得在与针头接触时,在组装第一纤网12和第二纤网18期间,构成非织造物的细丝破坏并且不能被运走,在这种情况下,细丝会污染丝绒。非织造织物优于膜,虽然通常其稍微更贵。非织造织物远远更加有效地促进涂层10的凝聚,并且因此正如将会看到的,促使其从传送机取出。
如上所述,结合层22被某些第二纤维20穿过,因为针刺推动第二纤维20直至第一纤网12以便形成完整的基底28。
结合层22在涂层10中的质量百分比优选为15%至30%。
结合层22的表面质量有利地为80g/m2至200g/m2
结合层22透入第一纤网12厚度E1,并透入第二纤网18厚度E2。
在成型时,例如在130℃,第二纤网18的第二纤维20之间的连接保持相对严格,因为未达到制成它们(源自结合层22)的聚合物的熔融温度。涂层10的抗伸长性与乳胶纤网是相当的。
因此,基于具有在提及范围内的熔融温度的聚合物使用结合层22提供了改进涂层10的耐腐性的可能性,其有利地没有任何乳胶,同时允许用作纺粘型织物的基底,由于该基底由单一聚合物制成而具有低重量且经济。
因此,第二纤维20具有低重量并具有至少与乳胶产品相同的性能。
实施例2
根据供选择的实施方式,部件1具有关于上面的实施例1的以下的差异。
根据供选择的实施方式,第二纤网18是“常规”纤网,即不是“纺粘”型纤网,且结合层22有利地缺少。然后第二纤网18与第一纤网12具有相同的类型。
第二纤网18例如包括相似于第一基本纤维14的基本纤维和结构上相似于实施例1中的第一结合纤维16的结合纤维,但包含降低针对实施例1的结合层22提及的可能性的聚合物。
实施例2的结合纤维代表25质量%至75质量%的第二纤网18,例如约50质量%。例如结合纤维具有在实施例1的结合层22的具体范围内的第二熔点TL2,即比部件1的成型温度TF高30℃,并且比第二纤网18的基本纤维的熔融温度T2小30℃。
成型温度TF例如是130℃。
第一纤网12的第一结合纤维16有利地代表第一纤网12的5质量%至15质量%,例如10质量%。
第一纤网12的第一结合纤维16在成型温度下至少部分地可熔融。例如它们由聚乙烯制成时,熔融温度为110℃。
虽然实施例2没有允许与实施例1相同的重量增加,然而由于其允许的柔韧性而保持有益。的确,在实施例2中,可以改变负责通过熔融第二纤网18的结合纤维而结合在基底上的聚合物的百分比,而实施例1涂覆了具有预先确定的基重的膜。因此,实施例2良好地适用于设备的强拉伸的部件,对该部件来说成型涂层前相对高的基重是必要的。
方法
现将参照图3描述根据本发明的方法。其目的在于制造如以上实施例1中所述的涂层10。
方法包括按照顺序的以下步骤:
-在装备有刷31的传送机30上获得第一纤网12,用于形成相对于第一层24位于传送机的上侧的丝绒的第二层26,
-将结合层22堆叠在第一纤网的第一层24上,
-将第二纤网堆叠在结合层上并获得包括第一纤网、结合层和第二纤网的组合件32,
-在传送机上针刺组合件32以使第二纤网的纤维22与第一纤网的第一层24的第一基本纤维14和第一结合纤维16缠结,并获得针刺的组合件34,以及
-将针刺的组合件34加热至加热温度TC,用于熔融结合层22的热塑性聚合物,并在冷却后获得部件1,其中固化的结合层22机械地将第一纤网和第二纤网结合在一起。
任选地,最后借助卷缠机38缠绕涂层10。
随后,可剪切丝绒。
将下部5(例如重质层),添加在完整的基底28的下方,然后在成型温度TF下使整体热成型。
获得第一纤网12的步骤包括获得预针刺纤网12A的子步骤、将传送机30上的预针刺纤网带至第一针头36的上游侧的子步骤和针刺的子步骤。
术语“上游”和“下游”的意思在根据本发明的制造方法中相对于正常循环方向。
预针刺(未示出)提供了向预针刺纤网12A的平面凝聚,同时使得随后的丝绒形成。它包括用于常规制毡针的板,该常规制毡针提供了针刺密度在100cps/cm2以上,尤其为100cps/cm2至200cps/cm2的纤网。
预针刺纤网12A例如通过展开机(unroller)39展开。
在针刺子步骤期间,预针刺纤网12A在第一针头36和传送机30之间通过。针头40刺穿预针刺纤网12A以形成第一层24和第二层26,并获得第一纤网12.
第一针头36使针刺密度有利地在200cps/cm2以上,并且尤其为200cps/cm2至800cps/cm2,其提供了获得希望的丝绒密度为0.03至0.06g/cm3的可能性。
堆叠结合层22的步骤例如通过由展开机42展开结合层22进行,然后通过至少一个位于朝向传送机30的滚筒44将其施加于第一纤网12的背部。
堆叠第二纤网18的步骤例如通过由展开机46展开第二纤网18进行,然后通过滚筒44将其施加于结合层22上,从而获得组合件32,其中第一纤网12、结合层22和第二纤网以该顺序叠加隔开传送机30,并且尚未结合在一起。
接下来,在针刺步骤中,组合件32在第二针头48和传送机30之间通过,以使其被针刺并形成针刺的组合件34。
第二针头48例如与第一针头36相似。第二针头48有利地具有适合穿刺到第一纤网12的第一层24,但不进一步进入的针。这些针适合于尽可能少地损坏结合层22,以限制污染丝绒的风险。例如它们具有“冠”型,即具有位于离其尖端相等距离处的单排晶须(whisker)。
由第二针头48提供的针刺密度被选为足够高以便使针刺组合件34凝聚,以便能够从传送器30的刷中根除针刺组合件34,并避免热成型后层的剥离,但也不能剥离太高以避免结合层22的过度退化。这里没有优先寻找进一步提供丝绒,在第一次针刺期间已经给出希望的密度。例如,第二针头18的针刺密度为20至50枚/cm2
该第二针刺将第二纤网18的第二纤维20与第一纤网12的第一基本纤维14和第一结合纤维16缠结。这启动了完整基底28的形成并向针刺组合件34提供一些机械凝聚力,以便后者可以被从传送机30的刷31中清除。
传送机30和第一针头36和第二针头48例如形成“Dilour IV”机器。
加热步骤例如在适合于至少部分熔融结合层22和第一结合纤维16的炉50中进行。可以在炉的上游或下游进行额外的轧光步骤。
炉50例如是具有热空气或红外辐射的的炉。
然后结合层22的热塑性聚合物透入第一纤网12并透入第二纤网18。
加热温度TC高于结合层22的聚合物的熔融温度,加热温度是例如160℃至220℃。通过熔融,结合层22的聚合物透入基底28的厚度,并且以与缠绕结合纤维同样的方法产生粘着结合点。
冷却后,在炉50的出口获得涂层10。然后将下部5贴附在涂层10上,例如,将重质层或毡以及整体在成型温度TF下热成型以放置在车辆中。
在130℃下热成型时,在加热步骤期间产生的粘着结合点不被破坏。涂层10保持其大部分的抗伸长性,从而保证涂层甚至在强拉伸区均匀伸长。
为了生产根据实施例2的涂层10,有利地省略堆叠结合层22的步骤。加热温度TC高于第二纤网18的结合纤维的熔融温度TL2,其产生在热成型步骤期间抵抗的结合点。
方法的供选择的实施方式
根据第一个供选择的实施方式,通过不需要由第一针头36进行针刺的子方法获得第一纤网12。在这种情况下,不存在第一针头36并且第一纤网12是例如直接由展开机39展开并带至传送机30上。
然后,传送机30和第二针头48形成简单的
Figure GDA0002655719540000131
机器。
根据第二个供选择的实施方式,实施例1的纤网18不是纺粘型纤网而是针刺的常规纤网。
借助于上述的特征,以低成本并使用设备的简单部件获得涂层10。涂层10具有非常令人满意的层,其具有丝绒外观,良好的抗伸长性,无任何乳胶涂层,并且其比重通常是小的,有利地为400至500g/m2
在实施例1中,由其制成第二纤网18的单组分纺粘型织物比双组分纺粘型织物更便宜。
涂层10在成型温度下的伸长率与包含乳胶的针对设备的部件获得的涂层相当。进一步,第一纤网12的纤维合并在一起。冷却时,第一纤网12的纤维重建在丝绒的纤维和基底之间的结合,并且进一步固化涂层10。因此,涂层10在将其安装在车辆期间保持其形状并具有足够的刚度。
为了根据上面的实施例2生产部件1,不进行堆叠结合层22的步骤。在这种情况下,因为结合层22不存在,所以在组合件32的针刺步骤期间污染丝绒的风险不存在。第二针头48提供的针刺密度有利地在200至800cps/cm2间变化,并任选地促使供给丝绒。
在通常发生在130℃至160℃,即下部5的软化温度的热成型时,结合层22(实施例1)的聚合物或第二纤网18的结合纤维的聚合物(实施例2)不会再一次合并。因此,在加热步骤期间产生的粘着结合点不会像乳胶产品一样被破坏,由此改进了抗伸长性。

Claims (10)

1.一种制造机动车内部设备的部件(1)的方法,包括按照顺序的如下步骤:
-在装备有刷(31)的传送机(30)上获得不连续的第一纤维(14、16)的第一纤网(12),第一纤网(12)包括形成基底的所述第一纤维(14、16)的第一层(24)和用于形成丝绒并相对于所述基底位于所述传送机(30)的上侧的所述第一纤维(14、16)的第二层(26),
-堆叠的第二纤维(20)的第二纤网(18),并获得包括第一纤网(12)和第二纤网(18)的组合件(32),
-在所述传送机(30)上针刺所述组合件(32)以将第二纤网(18)的第二纤维(20)与第一纤网(12)的基底的第一纤维(14、16)缠结,并获得针刺的组合件(34),
-将所述针刺的组合件(34)加热至加热温度(TC),并在冷却后获得涂层(10),以及
-热成型所述涂层(10)和附着在第二纤网(18)上的下部(5),所述热成型在成型温度(TF)下进行,以获得所述部件(1),
其特征在于:
-所述第二纤网(18)包含具有单组分的连续的第二纤维(20),所述第二纤维(20)具有熔融温度(T1),获得的组合件(32)进一步包括堆叠在第一纤网(12)的基底上的结合层(22),所述结合层(22)主要包含至少一种熔融温度(TL)高于所述成型温度(TF)并小于所述熔融温度(T1)的热塑性聚合物,第二纤网(18)堆叠在所述结合层(22)上,所述加热温度(TC)高于所述熔融温度(TL),或
所述第二纤网(18)包含不连续纤维,所述不连续纤维包括基本纤维和25质量%至75质量%的至少部分可熔融的结合纤维,所述结合纤维包含熔融温度(TL2)高于所述成型温度(TF)的热塑性聚合物,所述基本纤维的熔融温度(T2)高于所述热塑性聚合物的熔融温度(TL2),所述加热温度(TC)高于所述熔融温度(TL2)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述熔融温度(TL)高于所述成型温度(TF)至少30℃,并低于所述熔融温度(T1)至少30℃,所述加热温度(TC)高于所述熔融温度(TL)至少30℃,或
所述熔融温度(TL2)高于成型温度(TF)至少30℃,所述熔融温度(T2)高于所述热塑性聚合物的熔融温度(TL2)至少30℃,所述加热温度(TC)高于所述熔融温度(TL2)至少30℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述第一纤网(12)包含在所述加热温度(TC)和所述成型温度(TF)下至少部分可熔融的5质量%至10质量%的结合纤维(16)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中,所述结合纤维(16)是具有两种组分的纤维,所述两种组分中的一种的熔融温度高于所述成型温度(TF)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,获得所述第一纤网(12)的步骤包括在堆叠结合层(22)之前的针刺子步骤,以形成所述纤维的第二层(26)。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述结合层(22)包括膜或非织造织物,所述膜或非织造织物包含热塑性聚合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述结合层(22)主要包含共聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚乙烯、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、聚酰胺、聚丙烯或其混合物。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述第二纤网(18)的第二纤维(20)由聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺、聚乳酸或其混合物制成。
9.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述第二纤网(18)的结合纤维主要包含选自共聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚乙烯、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、聚酰胺、聚丙烯或其混合物中的聚合物。
10.一种机动车内部设备的部件(1),包括:
-不连续的第一纤维(14、16)的第一纤网(12),包括形成基底的所述第一纤维(14、16)的第一层(24)和形成丝绒的所述第一纤维(14、16)的第二层(26),
-第二纤维(20)的第二纤网(18),所述第二纤网(18)的第二纤维(20)与所述第一纤网(12)的基底的第一纤维(14、16)缠结,和
下部(5),附着在所述第二纤网(18)上,
其特征在于,
-所述部件(1)进一步包括附着在所述第一纤网(12)的基底上的结合层(22),所述第二纤网(18)附着在所述结合层(22)上并且主要包含具有单组分的连续的第二纤维(20),所述第二纤维(20)具有熔融温度(T1),所述结合层(22)主要包含至少一种熔融温度(TL)低于所述熔融温度(T1)的热塑性聚合物,或
-所述第二纤网(18)主要包含不连续纤维,所述不连续纤维包括基本纤维和25质量%至75质量%的至少部分可熔融的结合纤维,所述结合纤维包含具有熔融温度(TL2)的热塑性聚合物,所述基本纤维的熔融温度(T2)高于所述热塑性聚合物的熔融温度(TL2)。
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