CN106517171B - A kind of preparation method of graphene aerogel - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method of graphene aerogel Download PDF

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CN106517171B
CN106517171B CN201510573962.0A CN201510573962A CN106517171B CN 106517171 B CN106517171 B CN 106517171B CN 201510573962 A CN201510573962 A CN 201510573962A CN 106517171 B CN106517171 B CN 106517171B
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graphene
preparation
graphene aerogel
aerogel
based polymer
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CN106517171A (en
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何朋
周超
丁古巧
谢晓明
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Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology of CAS
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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of graphene aerogel, comprising the following steps: S1: graphene and amine based polymer being added in a solvent, and disperses, obtains graphene dispersing solution;S2: it is freeze-dried the graphene dispersing solution, obtains graphene aerogel.Graphene aerogel preparation method of the invention is using the polymer of amino-contained as graphene dispersion agent and structure crosslinking agent, first with the graphene sheet layer in the strong interaction dispersion solvent between the amido and graphene in polymer, then the dry graphene dispersing solution of directly freezed, wherein, cross-linked graphene lamella forms structural framework to amido in polymer after the drying, so that the elastic graphite alkene aeroge with porous structure be prepared.The present invention directly prepares graphene aerogel from graphene powder, and process conditions are mild, step is simple, and be produced on a large scale big size graphene aerogel block body, and gained aeroge has good characterization of adsorption and pressure drag performance.

Description

A kind of preparation method of graphene aerogel
Technical field
The invention belongs to nano-carbon material preparation technical fields, are related to a kind of preparation method of graphene aerogel.
Background technique
Graphene aerogel is the porous blocks material being interconnected to form on three-dimensional space by graphene nanometer sheet.Stone Black alkene aeroge has the small (1-50mg/cm of density3), porosity height (> 50%), large specific surface area (100-1200m2/ g), power The features such as performance is good, flexible, electric conductivity is good, chemical property is stablized is learned, it is (such as hydrogen, natural to can be used as clean energy resource storage Gas) dielectric material and power storage (such as supercapacitor) electrode material, in heterogeneous catalysis, sewage treatment and sensor etc. Also there is important application prospect in field.
To obtain the block materials with porous structure, generally prepared at present by freeze-drying process graphene hydrogel Graphene aerogel.And graphene cannot achieve uniform and stable dispersion in water, be difficult directly to prepare from graphene powder Graphene hydrogel.Therefore, the method reported at present is all to prepare graphene from graphene oxide through self assembly and reduction Hydrogel, then freeze-drying obtains graphene aerogel.The method of reduction is generally two kinds of sides of electronation or hydrothermal reduction Formula.It is proposed on an equal basis in " a kind of graphene aerogel and preparation method thereof " (201010263656.4) in oxidation stone for example, learning Reducing agent is added in black alkene dispersion liquid and obtains graphene hydrogel, then the freeze-dried method for preparing graphene aerogel, But reduction process needs to introduce the toxic reducing agent such as hydrazine hydrate, there are security risks, are unfavorable for the scale of graphene aerogel Metaplasia produces.High brightness etc. is in patent " a kind of preparation method with high adsorption three-dimensional self assembly graphene " (201310110754.8) a kind of hydro-thermal method self assembly redox graphene lamella acquisition simultaneously graphene water-setting is proposed in Glue, is then freeze-dried the method that graphene hydrogel prepares graphene aerogel, and hydrothermal reduction avoids toxic reducing agent It uses, but hydro-thermal needs carry out in closed container, are unfavorable for large scale and prepare with scale graphene aerogel.
Therefore, the technology for developing a kind of suitable prepare with scale graphene aerogel is beneficial to push graphene aerogel Popularization and use of the material in the fields such as the energy and environmental protection.
Summary of the invention
In view of the foregoing deficiencies of prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparations of graphene aerogel Method, for solving the problems, such as that graphene aerogel preparation method in the prior art is not suitable for large-scale production.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of graphene aerogel, packet Include following steps:
S1: graphene and amine based polymer are added in a solvent, and disperses, obtains graphene dispersing solution;
S2: it is freeze-dried the graphene dispersing solution, obtains graphene aerogel.
A kind of preferred embodiment of preparation method as graphene aerogel of the invention, it is described in the step S1 Graphene is aoxidized-is restored in method, liquid phase stripping method, arc process, high temperature pyrolytic cracking (HTP) and chemical vapour deposition technique selected from use One or more graphene powders being prepared.
A kind of preferred embodiment of preparation method as graphene aerogel of the invention, it is described in the step S1 Amine based polymer is selected from one of chitosan, polyacrylamide, polyetherimide and polyaniline or a variety of.
A kind of preferred embodiment of preparation method as graphene aerogel of the invention, it is described in the step S1 Solvent is selected from one of water, ethyl alcohol, isopropanol, N-Methyl pyrrolidone and N,N-dimethylformamide or a variety of.
A kind of preferred embodiment of preparation method as graphene aerogel of the invention, it is described in the step S1 The mass ratio of graphene, amine based polymer and solvent is 1:0.1~2:5~100.
A kind of preferred embodiment of preparation method as graphene aerogel of the invention, it is described in the step S1 Dispersion uses one of ultrasound, stirring and shearing or a variety of.
A kind of preferred embodiment of preparation method as graphene aerogel of the invention, it is described in the step S2 The temperature range of freeze-drying is -50~0 DEG C, and vacuum ranges are 1.3~13Pa, and sublimation drying range is 1~100h.
A kind of preferred embodiment of preparation method as graphene aerogel of the invention, it is described in the step S1 Graphene includes single-layer or multi-layer graphene.
As described above, the preparation method of graphene aerogel of the invention, has the advantages that graphite of the invention Alkene aeroge preparation method is using the polymer of amino-contained as graphene dispersion agent and structure crosslinking agent, first in polymer Amido and graphene between strong interaction dispersion solvent in graphene sheet layer, the then dry graphene point of directly freezed Dispersion liquid, wherein cross-linked graphene lamella forms structural framework to the amido in polymer after the drying, to be prepared with more The elastic graphite alkene aeroge of pore structure.Graphene aerogel preparation method of the invention introduces the conduct simultaneously of amine-containing based polyalcohol Dispersing agent and structure crosslinking agent directly prepare graphene aerogel from graphene powder, and process conditions are mild, step is simple Single, be produced on a large scale big size graphene aerogel block body, and gained aeroge has good characterization of adsorption and pressure drag performance, has It hopes and is applied in the fields such as water pollution processing and pressure drag sensing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is shown as the process flow chart of the preparation method of graphene aerogel of the invention.
The preparation method that Fig. 2 is shown as graphene aerogel of the invention prepares gained graphene airsetting in embodiment one The SEM of glue schemes.
The preparation method that Fig. 3 is shown as graphene aerogel of the invention prepares gained graphene airsetting in embodiment one The piezoresistive characteristic curve of glue.
The preparation method that Fig. 4 is shown as graphene aerogel of the invention prepares gained graphene airsetting in embodiment one Adsorbance statistical chart of the glue to different solvents.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate embodiments of the present invention below by way of specific specific example, those skilled in the art can be by this specification Other advantages and efficacy of the present invention can be easily understood for disclosed content.The present invention can also pass through in addition different specific realities The mode of applying is embodied or practiced, the various details in this specification can also based on different viewpoints and application, without departing from Various modifications or alterations are carried out under spirit of the invention.
It please refers to Fig.1 to Fig.4.It should be noted that diagram provided in the present embodiment only illustrates this in a schematic way The basic conception of invention, only shown in schema then with related component in the present invention rather than package count when according to actual implementation Mesh, shape and size are drawn, when actual implementation kenel, quantity and the ratio of each component can arbitrarily change for one kind, and its Assembly layout kenel may also be increasingly complex.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of graphene aerogel, comprising the following steps:
S1: graphene and amine based polymer are added in a solvent, and disperses, obtains graphene dispersing solution;
S2: it is freeze-dried the graphene dispersing solution, obtains graphene aerogel.
Specifically, the graphene, which is selected to use, aoxidizes-restores method, liquid phase stripping method, electric arc in the step S1 One of method, high temperature pyrolytic cracking (HTP) and chemical vapour deposition technique or a variety of graphene powders being prepared.The graphene packet Include single-layer or multi-layer graphene.
Aoxidize-method of restoring prepares graphene is using natural graphite as raw material, using oxidation reaction (in graphite linings edge carbon Introduced on atom and contain the oxygen-containing groups such as epoxy and carbonyl containing carboxyl and hydroxyl, interlayer) weaken graphite layers interaction, make Its spacing increases, and then separates graphite oxide and obtains graphene oxide;Then by graphene oxide dispersion (by high speed centrifugation, Ultrasound etc.) it is formed into water or organic solvent and stablizes homogeneous colloidal sol, it is restored according still further to certain proportion with reducing agent, obtains single layer Or multi-layer graphene.The reduction such as very widely used today hydrazine hydrate, ethylenediamine are relatively good restoring method, but these are also Former agent has toxicity, brings many negative effects to environment and the mankind.Therefore, more researchers start with environmental-friendly The reducing agents such as type such as ascorbic acid, sodium citrate, reduction acidic amino acid carry out redox graphene.In addition, some highly acids Substance also starts to be used by people to redox graphene preparation graphite ene product, so that more and more graphene characteristics be made to obtain To show.Oxidation-reduction method is maximum the disadvantage is that the graphene of preparation has certain defect, because aoxidizing by strong oxidizer The graphene oxide arrived may not be able to be completely reduced, and may lose a part of performance, such as translucency, thermal conductivity, especially It is electric conductivity, so the graphene obtained after the reduction of some reducing agents has imperfection to a certain extent, i.e., anticipates with stringent There are difference for graphene in justice.But oxide-reduction method is cheap, can prepare a large amount of graphene, so becoming mesh The preceding the most frequently used method for preparing graphene.
Liquid phase stripping method prepare graphene be usually directly graphite or expanded graphite (EG) (it is general by be rapidly heated to 1000 DEG C or more obtain Surface oxygen-containing groups removing) it is added in certain organic solvent or water, by ultrasonic wave, heating or gas The effect of stream prepares certain density single-layer or multi-layer graphene solution.
It is to be carried out electric arc using graphite rod as yin-yang the two poles of the earth under high current and hydrogeneous atmosphere and put that arc process, which prepares graphene, Electricity, in arc discharge process, the graphite of single-layer or multi-layer is can be obtained in reaction chamber wall region in continuous consumable anode graphite rod Alkene.Arc process is to be applied to a kind of typical method of preparation carbon nanotube and fullerene, the stone prepared using arc process earliest Black alkene graphite linings rule, crystal form is preferable, is expected to obtain higher electric conductivity and preferable chemical property.
It is most common one is silicon carbide high temperature thermal decomposition method that high temperature pyrolytic cracking (HTP) prepares graphene, this method using C, Si it Between higher saturated vapor pressure difference, heat SiC crystal at high temperature, Si atom made to be detached from SiC crystal, the spontaneous weight of remaining C Combination nova forms graphene.The advantages of this method, is that graphene can be grown directly upon on semi-insulated substrate, without carrying out Transfer can directly carry out device preparation.
Chemical vapour deposition technique using carbon compounds such as methane as carbon source, by its matrix surface pyrolytic Grow graphene.It can be mainly divided into two kinds from growth mechanism: (1) carburizing analysis carbon mechanism: there is higher molten carbon for nickel etc. The metallic matrix of amount, the carbon atom that carbon source cracking generates in penetrating into metallic matrix, are analysed inside it again in cooling at high temperature It is nucleated out, and then grows into graphene;(2) surface growth mechanism: there is the metallic matrix of lower molten carbon amounts, high temperature for copper etc. The carbon atom that lower gaseous carbon source is cracked to form is adsorbed in metal surface, and then nucleating growth is at " graphene island ", and passes through " graphite The merging of growing up of the two dimension on alkene island " obtains continuous graphene film.Due to CVD method simple and easy, the gained stone for preparing graphene Black alkene is of high quality, it can be achieved that large area deposition, and is relatively easy to be transferred on various matrixes and use, therefore this method is extensive It is used to prepare grapheme transistor and transparent conductive film, has been increasingly becoming the main method for preparing high-quality graphene at present.
Certainly in other embodiments, the graphene powder of other method preparations can also be used in the graphene, herein not It should excessively limit the scope of the invention.
Specifically, the amine based polymer is selected from chitosan, polyacrylamide, polyetherimide in the step S1 And one of polyaniline or a variety of.The solvent is selected from water, ethyl alcohol, isopropanol, N-Methyl pyrrolidone and N, N- dimethyl One of formamide is a variety of.The mass ratio of the graphene, amine based polymer and solvent is 1:0.1~2:5~100.
As shown in Figure 1, being shown as the process flow chart of the preparation method of graphene aerogel of the invention.The dispersion can Using ultrasound, stirring and shearing one of or it is a variety of.Wherein, in ultrasonic disperse, supersonic frequency 20-400kHz;Stirring point In dissipating, mixing speed 100-8000rpm;Shearing dispersion refers to that allowing graphene powder to move quickly through cutter with solvent determines Small space between son and mover, the effects of being impacted, being torn, promote the mixing of amino polymer and graphene film interlayer, and Open graphene aggregate, wherein the revolving speed of shearing is in 100-18000rpm.
Due to having strong interaction between the amido in polymer and graphene sheet layer surface atom, in ultrasound, stirring Or under the operation such as shearing, amine based polymer molecule can be penetrated between the graphene sheet layer of reunion, open graphene aggregate, And it is adsorbed on graphene film layer surface, so that can not reunite again between graphene sheet layer, to stablize graphene in coordinative solvent In dispersion, the graphene sheet layer that the amine based polymer can effectively in dispersion solvent.
Freeze-drying is also known as lyophilization, and material can be freezed first in refrigerating plant, then be dried in vacuo, can also be direct It is evacuated and is freezed rapidly in hothouse, heat of vaporization needed for sublimation process is generally supplied with heat radiation.
Specifically, the temperature range of the freeze-drying is -50~0 DEG C in the step S2, vacuum ranges are 1.3~13Pa, sublimation drying range are 1~100h.In freezing dry process, the amine based polymer is used as structure to hand over again Join agent, cross-linked graphene lamella forms structural framework, and after being freeze-dried preset time, the elasticity with porous structure can be obtained Graphene aerogel.
Graphene aerogel preparation method of the invention is handed over using the polymer of amino-contained as graphene dispersion agent and structure Join agent, first with the graphene sheet layer in the strong interaction dispersion solvent between the amido and graphene in polymer, so The dry graphene dispersing solution of directly freezed afterwards, wherein cross-linked graphene lamella forms structure to the amido in polymer after the drying Skeleton, so that the elastic graphite alkene aeroge with porous structure be prepared.The present invention is directly from graphene powder system Standby graphene aerogel, process conditions are mild, step is simple, and be produced on a large scale big size graphene aerogel block body.
Carry out the technical solution that the present invention will be described in detail below by specific embodiment.
Embodiment one
100mg is passed through to the graphene powder for aoxidizing-restoring method acquisition and 100mL deionization is added in 25mg chitosan In water, by ultrasound graphene powder is fully dispersed in water, forms stable dispersion liquid.It takes above-mentioned dispersion liquid to be added to hold It in device, is freeze-dried under the conditions of -30 DEG C, 1.5Pa for 24 hours, obtains graphene aerogel block.Fig. 2,3,4 are respectively gained stone The SEM picture of black alkene aeroge, piezoresistive characteristic curve and the adsorbance statistical chart to different solvents.It can be seen that obtained stone Black alkene aeroge is porous block materials, has good pressure-sensitive character, and have very big suction to water and part organic solvent Attached amount (30-60 times be about self-possessed) is expected to be used as voltage sensitive sensor and water pollution processing material.
Embodiment two
The graphene powder and 80mg polyaniline that 500mg is obtained by liquid phase stripping method are added in 100mL deionized water, By ultrasound graphene powder is fully dispersed in water, forms stable dispersion liquid.Above-mentioned dispersion liquid is taken to be added to the container, It is freeze-dried 36h under the conditions of -30 DEG C, 1.5Pa, obtains graphene aerogel block.
Embodiment three
The graphene powder and 50mg polyacrylamide that 100mg is obtained by arc process are added in 100mL deionized water, By ultrasound graphene powder is fully dispersed in water, forms stable dispersion liquid.Above-mentioned dispersion liquid is taken to be added to the container, It is freeze-dried 20h under the conditions of -40 DEG C, 2Pa, obtains graphene aerogel block.
Example IV
100mL deionization is added in the graphene powder and 25mg polyetherimide that 100mg is obtained by high temperature pyrolytic cracking (HTP) In water, and by ultrasound graphene powder is fully dispersed in water, forms stable dispersion liquid.Above-mentioned dispersion liquid is taken to be added In container, it is freeze-dried 48h under the conditions of -25 DEG C, 3Pa, obtains graphene aerogel block.
In conclusion graphene aerogel preparation method of the invention is using the polymer of amino-contained as graphene dispersion agent With structure crosslinking agent, first with the graphene in the strong interaction dispersion solvent between the amido and graphene in polymer Lamella, the then dry graphene dispersing solution of directly freezed, wherein amido in polymer cross-linked graphene lamella shape after the drying At structural framework, so that the elastic graphite alkene aeroge with porous structure be prepared.Graphene aerogel system of the invention Preparation Method introduces amine-containing based polyalcohol and is used as dispersing agent and structure crosslinking agent simultaneously, directly prepares graphite from graphene powder Alkene aeroge, process conditions are mild, step is simple, and be produced on a large scale big size graphene aerogel block body, gained aeroge There are good characterization of adsorption and pressure drag performance, is expected to be applied in the fields such as water pollution processing and pressure drag sensing.So this hair It is bright effectively to overcome various shortcoming in the prior art and have high industrial utilization value.
The above-described embodiments merely illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention.It is any ripe The personage for knowing this technology all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, carries out modifications and changes to above-described embodiment.Cause This, institute is complete without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art such as At all equivalent modifications or change, should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of preparation method of graphene aerogel, which comprises the following steps:
S1: graphene and amine based polymer are added in a solvent, and disperses, obtains graphene dispersing solution, the amine based polymer Selected from one of chitosan, polyacrylamide, polyetherimide and polyaniline or a variety of, the amine based polymer is as graphite Alkene dispersing agent;
S2: being freeze-dried the graphene dispersing solution, obtains graphene aerogel, the amine based polymer is as graphene-structured Crosslinking agent.
2. the preparation method of graphene aerogel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step S1, institute Graphene is stated to aoxidize-restore in method, liquid phase stripping method, arc process, high temperature pyrolytic cracking (HTP) and chemical vapour deposition technique selected from use One or more graphene powders being prepared.
3. the preparation method of graphene aerogel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step S1, institute It states solvent and is selected from one of water, ethyl alcohol, isopropanol, N-Methyl pyrrolidone and N,N-dimethylformamide or a variety of.
4. the preparation method of graphene aerogel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step S1, institute The mass ratio for stating graphene, amine based polymer and solvent is 1:0.1~2:5~100.
5. the preparation method of graphene aerogel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step S1, institute It states dispersion and uses one of ultrasound, stirring and shearing or a variety of.
6. the preparation method of graphene aerogel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step S2, institute The temperature range for stating freeze-drying is -50~0 DEG C, and vacuum ranges are 1.3~13Pa, sublimation drying range is 1~ 100h。
7. the preparation method of graphene aerogel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step S1, institute Stating graphene includes single-layer or multi-layer graphene.
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