CN109742355A - A kind of preparation of silicon carbon composite materials method - Google Patents

A kind of preparation of silicon carbon composite materials method Download PDF

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CN109742355A
CN109742355A CN201811643781.0A CN201811643781A CN109742355A CN 109742355 A CN109742355 A CN 109742355A CN 201811643781 A CN201811643781 A CN 201811643781A CN 109742355 A CN109742355 A CN 109742355A
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silicon
carbon
nano
temperature
preparation
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CN109742355B (en
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徐欢
张海林
张勍
张磊
王慧景
黄海军
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Jiangsu Nakanai New Energy Co Ltd
Nanchang Nakanai New Energy Co Ltd
Nanjing Nakanai New Energy Technology Development Co Ltd
Guangxi Nakanai New Energy Co Ltd
Shanghai Cenat New Energy Co Ltd
Guangxi Cenat New Energy Co Ltd
Jiangsu Cenat New Energy Co Ltd
Nanchang Cenat New Energy Co Ltd
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Jiangsu Nakanai New Energy Co Ltd
Nanchang Nakanai New Energy Co Ltd
Nanjing Nakanai New Energy Technology Development Co Ltd
Guangxi Nakanai New Energy Co Ltd
Shanghai Cenat New Energy Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of preparation of silicon carbon composite materials methods, it is constituted precursor with metal organic framework ZIF-8 film package nano-silicon core-shell structure, carbon-coating package nano-silicon core-shell structure is obtained after carbon source charing is added, different carbon-coatings are obtained by the amount and charing environment that control carbon source and wrap up nano-silicon core-shell structure, while the carbon-coating that ZIF-8 film reversely replicates has continuous duct.Preparation method provided by the invention, carbon-coating be can be realized to the single continuous package of nano-silicon, nano-silicon is avoided to reunite again, body expansion, effectively control silicon powder dusting of the silicon materials in charge and discharge process is effectively relieved to inactivate, there is carbon-coating continuous duct to be conducive to the transmission of electrolyte/lithium ion simultaneously, to improve the cycle life of Si-C composite material.

Description

A kind of preparation of silicon carbon composite materials method
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery technology fields, and in particular to a kind of technology of preparing of lithium ion battery composite material.
Background technique
Current commercialized lithium ion battery negative material is mainly graphite cathode material, and theoretical specific capacity only has 372mAh/g, and silicon has high theoretical specific capacity -4200mAh/g, by people's extensive concern.But its relatively low conductivity, and It is silicon materials dusting as 300% expansion and contraction occurs for the insertion of lithium ion and abjection silicon volume in charge and discharge process, It eventually leads to it and is detached from inactivation with collector, substantially reduce cycle performance of battery.
In view of the above problems, currently used solution is silicon materials to be carried out to nanosizing, and preparation silicon substrate is compound Material forms buffer layer by package silicon materials, reduces silicon materials bulk effect, improve its cycle life.
Metal organic framework (metal organic frameworks, MOF) is by metal ion or metal cluster and organic Ligand acts on a kind of porous crystalline material made of self assembly by covalent or ionic-covalent.MOFs material has high-ratio surface Outstanding advantages of product, porosity, adjustable pore structure, but the thermal stability of MOFs material is poor, according to its labile spy that is heated Its high-temperature calcination is carbonized to prepare and stablizes porous carbon materials by point.Such as " hydrophobicity is double for patent (application number 201810773309.2) " a kind of derivative porous carbon/graphene of MOF is multiple for the preparation of MOF base porous carbon materials ", patent (application number 201810036535.2) Composite electrode material " and patent (application number 201710504003.2) " MOF structural porous carbon material, flexible super capacitor, its system Preparation Method and purposes " etc. is to prepare porous carbon materials by MOFs material.
Silicon materials particle size used by commercialized silicon composite is other in the micron-scale at this stage, main cause: First is that silicon materials nanosizing is difficult;Second is that agglomeration is serious again for nano silicon material.
Summary of the invention
For the problems of existing silicon-carbon complex technique, a kind of new silicon-carbon complex technique is needed.
For this purpose, carbon-coating can be formed to nano-silicon the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation of silicon carbon composite materials method Single continuous package, avoid nano-silicon from reuniting again, at the same carbon-coating have continuous duct Si-C composite material.
In order to achieve the above object, preparation of silicon carbon composite materials method provided by the invention, with metal organic framework ZIF-8 It is precursor that film, which wraps up nano-silicon core-shell structure, and acquisition carbon-coating wraps up nano-silicon core-shell structure after carbon source carbonization is added, and passes through control The amount and charing environment of carbon source processed obtain different carbon-coating package nano-silicon core-shell structures, while the carbon-coating that ZIF-8 film reversely replicates With continuous duct.
Further, the preparation method includes:
(1) nano-silicon is surface modified;
(2) nano-silicon after modifying is scattered in ZIF-8 Synthesis liquid, in the ZIF-8 film layer of its surface growth continuous uniform, obtains ZIF-8 film wraps up nano-silicon core-shell structure;
(3) ZIF-8 film is wrapped up into nano-silicon core-shell structure and carbon source mixes, Si-C composite material is obtained after charing, simultaneously The further chemical vapor deposition nano-sized carbon of carbon-source gas is passed through in carbonization process.
Further, the nano-silicon is one or more of silicon, Si oxide and metal silicide.
Further, in the step (1) using PDDA or/and PSS come to nano-silicon surface modification.
Further, the carbon source be one of glucose, sucrose, phenolic resin, furfural resin and hard pitch or It is a variety of.
Further, the carbon-source gas is one of methane acetylene, propane, propylene and acetonitrile or a variety of.
Further, the carbonization process, point four temperature sections are realized, specific as follows:
It first is warming up to Y1 DEG C of carbonization temperature from room temperature with the heating rate of x DEG C/min, then keeps the temperature c1 hours;
It is warming up to Y2 DEG C of carbonization temperature with the heating rate of x DEG C/min again, then keeps the temperature c2 hours;
After be passed through nitrogen/argon gas inert gas, then be warming up to Y3 DEG C of carbonization temperature with the heating rate of x DEG C/min, be passed through Carbon-source gas keeps the temperature c3 hours;
It still finally is warming up to Y4 DEG C of carbonization temperature under nitrogen/argon gas inert gas, then with the heating rate of x DEG C/min, Then c4 hours are kept the temperature.
Wherein, 3≤x≤10,150≤Y1≤80≤Y2≤300≤Y3≤700≤Y4≤1100,1≤c1, c2, c3, c4 ≤16。
Scheme provided by the invention wraps up nano-silicon core-shell structure precursor by synthesis ZIF-8, obtains after carbon source carbonization Carbon-coating wraps up nano-silicon core-shell structure, realizes that nano silicone material is isolated, avoids silicon materials from reuniting again, silicon materials are effectively relieved and exist In charge and discharge process body expansion, effectively control silicon powder dusting inactivation, while carbon-coating have continuous duct be conducive to electrolyte/ The transmission of lithium ion, to improve the cycle life of Si-C composite material.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the charging and discharging curve figure of 1 gained Si-C composite material of embodiment;
Fig. 2 is 1 gained Si-C composite material of embodiment under 8.8mA/cm current density, 100 appearances recycled of discharging Measure change curve.
Specific embodiment
In order to be easy to understand the technical means, the creative features, the aims and the efficiencies achieved by the present invention, tie below Conjunction is specifically illustrating, and the present invention is further explained.
Carbon source charcoal is added using metal organic framework ZIF-8 film package nano-silicon core-shell structure as precursor in this example approach Carbon-coating is obtained after change and wraps up nano-silicon core-shell structure, and different carbon-coatings are obtained by the amount and charing environment that control carbon source and wrap up nanometer Silicon core-shell structure, while the carbon-coating that ZIF-8 film reversely replicates has continuous duct.Carbon-coating wraps up nano-silicon core-shell structure, can Realize that carbon-coating to the single continuous package of nano-silicon, avoids nano-silicon from reuniting again, silicon materials are effectively relieved in charge and discharge process Body expansion, effectively control silicon powder dusting inactivation, while carbon-coating have continuous duct be conducive to electrolyte/lithium ion biography It is defeated, to improve the cycle life of Si-C composite material.
Based on the following this principle, the process of Si-C composite material is prepared come illustratively this example.
This example, firstly, being surface modified to nano-silicon.
In this example using PDDA and PSS (phthalic acid diethylene glycol diacrylate and kayexalate) come Nano-silicon is surface modified, nano-silicon dispersion can be conducive in this way, inhibit the reuniting effect between nano silica fume.
In addition, the nano-silicon employed in this example is one or more of silicon, Si oxide and metal silicide, it is somebody's turn to do The median particle diameter of nano-silicon is preferably 1-500nm.Because nano silicone material is in charge and discharge process, relative to the body of itself Bulking effect is constant, but for tens to several hundred micron levels electrode, body bulking effect is smaller, is conducive to prolong Long battery cycle life.
Then, ZIF-8 Synthesis liquid is dispersed by the nano-silicon after modification, respectively after low temperature, stirring at normal temperature, in nano-silicon table It looks unfamiliar the ZIF-8 film layer of long continuous uniform, obtains ZIF-8 film package nano-silicon core-shell structure.
Finally, obtained ZIF-8 film is wrapped up nano-silicon core-shell structure and carbon source mixing, it is multiple that silicon-carbon is obtained after being carbonized Condensation material, while the further chemical vapor deposition nano-sized carbon of carbon-source gas is passed through in carbonization process.
It is carbonized after mixing ZIF-8 film package nano-silicon core-shell structure with carbon source in this example, point four temperature sections are real It is existing, specific as follows:
It first is warming up to Y1 DEG C of carbonization temperature from room temperature with the heating rate of x DEG C/min, then keeps the temperature c1 hours;
It is warming up to Y2 DEG C of carbonization temperature with the heating rate of x DEG C/min again, then keeps the temperature c2 hours;
After be passed through nitrogen/argon gas inert gas, then be warming up to Y3 DEG C of carbonization temperature with the heating rate of x DEG C/min, be passed through Carbon-source gas keeps the temperature c3 hours;
It still finally is warming up to Y4 DEG C of carbonization temperature under nitrogen/argon gas inert gas, then with the heating rate of x DEG C/min, Then c4 hours are kept the temperature.
Wherein, 3≤x≤10,150≤Y1≤80≤Y2≤300≤Y3≤700≤Y4≤1100,1≤c1, c2, c3, c4 ≤16。
Divide four temperature sections to realize charing, main effect is as follows: one Y1 of temperature section realizes the prepolymerization of carbon source here;Temperature section Two Y2 realize preliminary charing;Three Y3 of temperature section realizes the charing of carbon source, while carrying out the chemical vapor deposition of certain time c3; Four Y4 of temperature section realizes the degree of graphitization for improving carbon-coating under high temperature.
The carbon source used in this example is preferably one in glucose, sucrose, phenolic resin, furfural resin and hard pitch Kind is a variety of.
The carbon-source gas of carry out chemical vapor deposition in this example is preferably in methane acetylene, propane, propylene and acetonitrile It is one or more.
The Si-C composite material according to prepared by above scheme, uses ZIF-8 continuously to wrap up nano-silicon, using it as template The carbon-coating of charing also continuously wraps up nano-silicon, realizes that carbon-coating to the single continuous package of nano-silicon, is effectively relieved silicon materials and is filling Body expansion, effectively control silicon powder dusting in discharge process inactivate;The carbon-coating that ZIF-8 is reversely replicated simultaneously has continuous duct, Be conducive to the transmission of electrolyte/lithium ion.
For above scheme, carry out illustratively this programme below by way of specific application example.
Embodiment 1
This example prepares Si-C composite material as follows based on above scheme:
A) 100nm is aoxidized into sub- Si powder ultrasonic disperse in aqueous solution, 20min is mixed with PDDA aqueous solution, often Temperature stands 30min, and with deionized water, eccentric cleaning is multiple under 8000r/min revolving speed;It is mixed again with PSS aqueous solution After 20min, room temperature stands 30min, multiple with deionized water, methanol eccentric cleaning under 8000r/min revolving speed respectively.
B) nano-silicon for having modified PDDA/PSS for obtaining step a) is scattered in ZIF-8 stoste, ice bath stirring 2h, often Temperature stirring 1h;Wherein, the group of stoste becomes 2-methylimidazole, zinc nitrate and methanol, and the mol ratio of stoste is about are as follows: 2- methyl miaow Azoles: zinc nitrate: methanol=10:1:810;It is achieved in the ZIF-8 film layer in silicon powder surface growth continuous uniform, obtains ZIF-8 Film wraps up nano-silicon core-shell structure, and obtained ZIF-8 film package is dried in vacuum overnight for 60 DEG C of nano-silicon core-shell structure.
C) the ZIF-8 film package nano-silicon core-shell structure that step b) is obtained is added to containing 12mL furfuryl alcohol, 0.24g oxalic acid And 100mL1, the mixed solution mL of 3,5- trimethylbenzenes, acquisition just wetting is sufficiently stirred at room temperature, then by mixture 60 Prepolymerization is realized with 16h is kept the temperature in 80 DEG C of air respectively.
Under gained powder nitrogen atmosphere, then 150 DEG C of heat preservation 3h are raised to 300 DEG C with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, then with 5 DEG C/heating rate of min is raised to 700 DEG C.When temperature is raised to 700 DEG C, carries out chemical vapor deposition: nitrogen being first passed through acetonitrile In solution, then the nitrogen gas for being contaminated with acetonitrile component is passed through in tube furnace, in 700 DEG C of heat preservation 4h, then is changed to nitrogen, It is warming up to 900 DEG C under nitrogen atmosphere and keeps the temperature 1h.
It is cooling under last nitrogen protection to obtain Si-C composite material 1.
Embodiment 2
This example carries out on the basis of example 1, and basic implementation process is identical as in embodiment 1, is not gone to live in the household of one's in-laws on getting married herein It states, the difference is that, this example includes the following steps:
C) the 40g ZIF-8 film package nano-silicon core-shell structure that step b) is obtained is added to containing 12mL furfuryl alcohol, 0.24g Acquisition just wetting is sufficiently stirred, then by mixture in oxalic acid and 100mL1, the mixed solution mL of 3,5- trimethylbenzenes at room temperature It keeps the temperature 16h respectively in 60 and 80 DEG C of air and realizes prepolymerization.
Under gained powder nitrogen atmosphere, then 150 DEG C of heat preservation 3h are raised to 300 DEG C with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, then with 5 DEG C/heating rate of min is raised to 700 DEG C.When temperature is raised to 700 DEG C, carries out chemical vapor deposition: nitrogen being first passed through acetonitrile In solution, then the nitrogen gas for being contaminated with acetonitrile component is passed through in tube furnace, in 700 DEG C of heat preservation 2h, then is changed to nitrogen, It is warming up to 900 DEG C under nitrogen atmosphere and keeps the temperature 1h.
It is cooling under last nitrogen protection to obtain Si-C composite material 2.
Embodiment 3
This example carries out on the basis of example 1, and basic implementation process is identical as in embodiment 1, is not gone to live in the household of one's in-laws on getting married herein It states, the difference is that, this example includes the following steps:
C) 40g ZIF-8 film b) obtained package nano-silicon core-shell structure is added to containing 12mL furfuryl alcohol, 0.24g oxalic acid And 100mL1, the mixed solution mL of 3,5- trimethylbenzenes, acquisition just wetting is sufficiently stirred at room temperature, then by mixture 60 Prepolymerization is realized with 16h is kept the temperature in 80 DEG C of air respectively.Under gained powder nitrogen atmosphere, 150 DEG C of heat preservation 3h, then with 5 DEG C/ The heating rate of min is raised to 300 DEG C, then is raised to 700 DEG C with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min.When temperature is raised to 700 DEG C, carry out Nitrogen: being first passed through in acetonitrile solution by chemical vapor deposition, then the nitrogen gas for being contaminated with acetonitrile component is passed through in tube furnace, In 700 DEG C of heat preservation 6h, then it is changed to nitrogen, be warming up to 900 DEG C in a nitrogen atmosphere and keeps the temperature 1h.
It is cooling under last nitrogen protection to obtain Si-C composite material 3.
Embodiment 4,
This example carries out on the basis of example 1, the difference is that, this example includes the following steps:
A) by 100nm nano-silicon powder ultrasonic disperse in aqueous solution, 20min, room temperature is mixed with PDDA aqueous solution 30min is stood, eccentric cleaning is multiple under 8000r/min revolving speed with deionized water;20min is mixed with PSS aqueous solution again Afterwards, room temperature stands 30min, multiple with deionized water, methanol eccentric cleaning under 8000r/min revolving speed respectively.
Other implementation steps are identical as in embodiment 1 in this example, will not be repeated here herein, multiple thus to obtain silicon-carbon Condensation material 4.
For the obtained Si-C composite material 1-4 of embodiment 1-4, following experimental test is carried out.
Battery assembly: the Si-C composite material 1-4 that embodiment 1-4 is prepared is fine with conductive black, carboxymethyl respectively It ties up plain sodium, butadiene-styrene rubber and slurry is made using weight ratio 90:5:2:3 mixing, by solvent dispersion of deionized water, coated in 9 μm On copper foil, negative electrode is made in drying.
It is tested: making button half-cell using metal lithium sheet as positive electrode, tested, with current density 8.8mA/ Cm2 carries out charge and discharge cycles, and test result is listed in Table 1 below.
The performance test results of 1. Si-C composite material of table
Meanwhile referring to Fig. 1 which shows the charging and discharging curve figure of 1 gained Si-C composite material 1 of embodiment;
Referring to fig. 2 which shows 1 gained Si-C composite material of embodiment under 8.8mA/cm current density, electric discharge 100 The volume change curve graph of a circulation.
It can be seen from figure 1 that the discharge capacity for the first time of Si-C composite material 1 is 1659mAh/g, initial charge capacity is 1079mAh/g, head effect are 65.0%.The decline of 1 initial capacity of Si-C composite material is obvious as can be seen from Figure 2, base after 20 times Originally reach balance, it can be achieved that normal cycle life.
As can be seen from Table 1, sub- silicon composite is aoxidized for 100nm, with the extension of CVD time, from 2h to 4h to 6h, head effect are constantly reduced, to 64.8% from 65.6% to 65.0%;When the CVD time is 2h, 100 times cycle life is 85.4%, CVD time 4 and when 6h, 100 times cycle life is close.And for 100nm silicon powder composite material, head effect is higher than oxygen Change sub- silicon materials, but 100 cycle lives are significantly lower than the sub- silicon materials of oxidation.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its Equivalent thereof.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of preparation of silicon carbon composite materials method, which is characterized in that wrap up nano-silicon nucleocapsid with metal organic framework ZIF-8 film Structure is precursor, obtains carbon-coating package nano-silicon core-shell structure after carbon source charing is added, passes through the amount and charing for controlling carbon source Environment obtains different carbon-coating package nano-silicon core-shell structures, while the carbon-coating that ZIF-8 film reversely replicates has continuous duct.
2. preparation of silicon carbon composite materials method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the preparation method includes:
(1) nano-silicon is surface modified;
(2) nano-silicon after modifying is scattered in ZIF-8 Synthesis liquid, in the ZIF-8 film layer of its surface growth continuous uniform, obtains ZIF-8 film wraps up nano-silicon core-shell structure;
(3) ZIF-8 film is wrapped up into nano-silicon core-shell structure and carbon source mixes, Si-C composite material is obtained after charing, while in charcoal The further chemical vapor deposition nano-sized carbon of carbon-source gas is passed through during changing.
3. preparation of silicon carbon composite materials method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the nano-silicon is silicon, silicon oxygen One or more of compound and metal silicide.
4. preparation of silicon carbon composite materials method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that used in the step (1) PDDA or/and PSS is surface modified nano-silicon.
5. preparation of silicon carbon composite materials method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the carbon source is glucose, sugarcane One of sugar, phenolic resin, furfural resin and hard pitch are a variety of.
6. preparation of silicon carbon composite materials method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the carbon-source gas is methane second One of alkynes, propane, propylene and acetonitrile are a variety of.
7. preparation of silicon carbon composite materials method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the carbonization process, point four temperature Duan Shixian is spent, specific as follows:
It first is warming up to Y1 DEG C of carbonization temperature from room temperature with the heating rate of x DEG C/min, then keeps the temperature c1 hours;
It is warming up to Y2 DEG C of carbonization temperature with the heating rate of x DEG C/min again, then keeps the temperature c2 hours;
After be passed through inert gas, then be warming up to Y3 DEG C of carbonization temperature with the heating rate of x DEG C/min, be passed through carbon-source gas, keep the temperature C3 hours;
Finally still under inert gas, then with the heating rate of x DEG C/min it is warming up to Y4 DEG C of carbonization temperature, then keeps the temperature c4 hours.
Wherein, 3≤x≤10,150≤Y1≤80≤Y2≤300≤Y3≤700≤Y4≤1100,1≤c1, c2, c3, c4≤16.
8. preparation of silicon carbon composite materials method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the temperature of the chemical vapor deposition Degree and time are respectively Y3 DEG C of temperature and charing soaking time c3 hours.
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CN111575686A (en) * 2020-06-11 2020-08-25 青田永拓金属表面技术处理有限公司 Wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-phosphorus plating solution for surface of stainless steel ball valve and wear-resistant corrosion-resistant preparation method
CN112467136A (en) * 2020-09-09 2021-03-09 珠海中科兆盈丰新材料科技有限公司 Preparation method of silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material
CN113629251A (en) * 2021-07-09 2021-11-09 江苏科技大学 Self-supporting nitrogen-doped porous carbon-coated silicon nanofiber material for lithium ion battery cathode and preparation method and application thereof
CN113571683A (en) * 2021-08-05 2021-10-29 山东大学 Carbon-silicon negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in lithium ion battery
CN113571683B (en) * 2021-08-05 2023-01-13 山东大学 Carbon-silicon negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in lithium ion battery
CN114335533A (en) * 2021-12-16 2022-04-12 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 Negative electrode material and battery comprising same
CN114497518A (en) * 2022-01-20 2022-05-13 上海兰钧新能源科技有限公司 Negative active material, preparation method thereof and negative pole piece
CN115020670A (en) * 2022-06-30 2022-09-06 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 MOFs modified silicon-based negative electrode material and preparation method thereof

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