CN106458007A - 用于机动车辆的速度传动装置及包括所述装置的传动系 - Google Patents

用于机动车辆的速度传动装置及包括所述装置的传动系 Download PDF

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CN106458007A
CN106458007A CN201580027239.0A CN201580027239A CN106458007A CN 106458007 A CN106458007 A CN 106458007A CN 201580027239 A CN201580027239 A CN 201580027239A CN 106458007 A CN106458007 A CN 106458007A
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gear
clutch
drive
driven
actuating device
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S·范托利
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
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    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/091—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/915—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/917—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev with transmission for changing gear ratio
    • Y10S903/919—Stepped shift

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆、尤其是两轮机动车辆的传动装置，该传动装置包括驱动轴(12)、从动轴(38)以及中间的运动传动轴(32)，该驱动轴具有至少两个驱动齿轮(14、16)，该从动轴具有至少两个从动齿轮(40、42)，而该中间的运动传动轴具有与驱动轴(12)和从动轴(38)的齿轮协配的齿轮(34、36)。根据本发明，该装置在驱动轴(12)和从动轴(38)之间包括两个运动传动路径(T1、T2)，这两个运动传动路径包括通过单向离合器(20、46)支承于驱动轴和从动轴上的齿轮(14、42)、由中间的运动传动轴固定地承载的齿轮(34、36)以及借助可分离离合器(18、44)连接于所述驱动轴和所述从动轴的齿轮(16、40)。

Description

用于机动车辆的速度传动装置及包括所述装置的传动系
本发明涉及一种用于使得机动车辆、尤其是两轮机动车辆运动的速度传动装置，并且涉及一种使用该速度传动装置的传动系。
在文献FR-2,811,395中描述的示例中，该速度传动装置包括驱动轴，该驱动轴基本上平行于从动轴设置并且通常用于驱动车辆的驱动轮。
在此种类型的传动装置中，驱动轴由热力发动机驱动转动并且固定地承载两个带齿的轮，这两个带齿的轮各自与从动的带齿的轮啮合，这些从动的带齿的轮由从动轴承载并且空转地安装在该从动轴上。该从动轴还承载交替间隙的滑动齿轮，以允许从动的带齿的轮能转动地固定于该从动轴。
因此，在操作中，该车辆通过作用在由从动轴承载的各个滑动齿轮上、以使得驱动轴的其中一个齿轮与该从动轴的其中一个从动齿轮固定而以不同的速度驱动。
众所周知的是，此种类型的传动装置能用于混合型车辆，该混合型车辆将内燃机和旋转驱动/发电机器组合起来作为使得车辆运动的装置，该旋转驱动/发电机器例如是连接于诸如一个或多个蓄电池之类电源的电机。
此种组合允许优化此种车辆的性能，尤其是通过降低整个装置的燃料消耗且同时通过将有限的污染物排放至大气来保护环境。
因此，例如在城市区域中，当在限制废气和噪声产生的同时在宽速度范围内以高扭矩来驱动车辆时，电机较佳地用于驱动该车辆。
另一方面，热力发动机用于驱动这样的车辆，该车辆在需要高驱动功率和宽操作范围的情形下使用。
虽然是令人满意的，但此种传动装置仍包含相当显著的缺点。
实际上，为了获得期望的运动速度，需要将该装置的诸如从动的带齿的轮之类的一些元件进行联接或脱开。这因此会延长档位切换时间，由此会导致驾驶员感觉不舒适。
此外，该传动装置需包括多个致动器来用于控制滑动齿轮。这些致动器会增大装置的生产成本并且可能是故障和/或功能障碍的来源。
此外，这些致动器需要由诸如发动机通常装配有的计算器之类处理单元所控制，而这需要增大该计算器的容量。
本发明的目的是借助简单且低廉的速度传动装置来克服上述缺点。
因此，本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆、尤其是两轮机动车辆的传动装置，该传动装置包括驱动轴、从动轴以及中间的运动传动轴，该驱动轴承载至少两个驱动齿轮，该从动轴承载至少两个从动齿轮，而该中间的运动传动轴承载与驱动轴和从动轴的各齿轮协配的齿轮，其特征在于，该传动装置在驱动轴和从动轴之间包括两个运动传动路径，这两个运动传动路径包括由驱动轴和从动轴通过单向离合器承载的齿轮、由中间轴固定地承载的齿轮以及由可分离离合器连接于所述驱动轴和所述从动轴的齿轮。
其中一个路径能包括通过单向离合器由驱动轴承载的驱动齿轮、由中间的运动传动轴固定地承载的齿轮以及由可分离离合器连接于所述从动轴的从动齿轮。
另一个路径能包括齿轮相对于路径(前一路径)的对称布置，该路径具有通过可分离离合器由驱动轴承载的驱动齿轮、由中间的运动传动轴固定地承载的齿轮以及通过单向离合器连接于所述从动轴的从动齿轮。
该传动装置能包括带，该带闭合在其自身上，并且将每个运动传动路径的齿轮彼此联接。
闭合在其自身上的带能包括链条。
闭合在其自身上的带能包括皮带。
该单向离合器可包括自由轮。
该可分离离合器可包括受控离合器。
该可分离离合器可包括自动离合器。
该从动轴可包括连接齿轮，以将转动运动从该从动轴传递至任何期望的设备。
本发明还涉及一种传动系、尤其是用于机动车辆的传动系，该传动系包括内燃机、速度传动装置以及驱动路径，其特征在于，该传动系包括如上所述的速度传动装置。
该传动系能包括至少用于使得车辆运动的驱动/发电机器。
该传动系能包括具有可分离离合器的驱动路径，且机器的转子被联接于该离合器。
该机器的转子可被联接于中间轴。
该机器的转子可被联接于闭合在其自身上的带。
该机器的转子可被联接于驱动轴。
机器的转子可被联接于可分离的发动机离合器的压力板。
该传动系能包括闭合在其自身上的带，以将机器的转子和由该转子驱动的构件进行转动地连接。
在阅读了下面参照附图借助非限制性示例给出的描述之后本发明的其它特征和优点会变得清楚，在附图中：
图1是示出根据本发明的速度传动装置的视图，
图2示出了图1所示的速度传动装置的变型，
图3和4是说明图2所示的速度传动装置的变型的细节，
图5示出了图2所示速度传动装置的变型，
图6示出用在传动系中的图2所示速度传动装置的视图，
图7说明应用于混合型车辆的图6所示的速度传动装置的变型，
图8示出图7的变型，
-图9是图8的变型，
图10说明另一变型，以及
图11说明图10的变型。
如图1所示，速度传动装置10包括驱动轴12和可分离的离合器18，该驱动轴承载不同直径的两个带齿的轮(齿轮)14和16。
考虑图1，齿轮14(称为较小的齿轮)通过***诸如自由轮之类的单向离合器20而设置在驱动轴12上。在该较小齿轮的左侧，另一齿轮16(或较大齿轮)设置在围绕轴12的套筒22上，而同时绕该轴自由地转动但无法平移。可分离的离合器18、在此是诸如摩擦盘式离合器之类的受控可分离的离合器，该可分离的离合器包括反应板24、压力板26以及摩擦盘30，该反应板固定在轴上，该压力板相对于反应板自由地平移但无法转动，并且该压力板朝向反应板的运动由诸如杆件28之类的任何已知装置控制，该摩擦盘30通过设置在压力板和反应板之间而在套筒22上自由地平移但无法转动。
出于简化的原因，在具体实施例描述的剩余部分中，将齿轮14和16称为驱动带齿的轮(驱动齿轮)。
该装置还包括中间转动运动传动轴32，该中间转动运动传动轴基本上平行于驱动轴12定位并且承载两个齿轮34和36，这两个齿轮固定在该中间转动运动传动轴上并且具有不同的直径，并与驱动轴的齿轮啮合。该连接轴的齿轮34(中间的较大齿轮)与较小的驱动齿轮协配，而齿轮36(中间的较小齿轮)与较大的驱动齿轮协配。
该装置进一步包括从动轴38和受控的可分离的离合器44，该从动轴基本上平行于驱动轴12并且平行于中间轴32，并类似于驱动轴12那样承载具有不同直径的两个齿轮40和42，而该受控的可分离离合器在此是摩擦盘式离合器。
这些齿轮和离合器相对于驱动轴对称地定位在从动轴上。
因此，齿轮42(较大的从动齿轮)通过诸如自由轮之类的单向离合器46设置在轴38上，而齿轮40(较小的从动齿轮)设置在围绕从动轴38的套筒48上、同时绕该轴自由地转动但无法平移。如同驱动轴的离合器18那样，可分离离合器44在此是摩擦离合器，并且该可分离离合器包括反应板50、压力板52以及摩擦盘56，该反应板固定在从动轴上，该压力板相对于反应板自由地平移但无法转动，并且该压力板朝向反应板的运动由诸如杆件54之类的任何已知装置控制，该摩擦盘56在套筒48上自由地平移但无法转动。
例如能从附图中更佳地观察到的是，较大的从动轮42与较小的中间轮36啮合，而较小的从动轮40与较大的中间轮34啮合。
当然，在不偏离本发明范围的情形下，可分离离合器18和44并不局限于上文描述的摩擦盘离合器，而是它们能考虑诸如离心式离合器之类的自动离合器。
在此种构造中，该传动装置包括两个齿轮系，这两个齿轮系在驱动轴和从动轴之间形成两个转动运动传动路径T1和T2。这些路径T1中的一个包括较大的驱动齿轮16、较小的中间齿轮36以及较大的从动轮42。另一个路径T2对称地包括较小的驱动齿轮14、较大的中间齿轮34以及较小的从动轮40。
当然，本领域技术人员会想到提供诸如液压、电或机械致动器之类的已知装置，来用于根据所期望的传动比来致动杆件28和54。
上文描述的装置也允许使用两个离合器和两个自由轮来实现四个传动比。
在这些传动比的一个中，在驱动轴转动并且两个离合器18和44处于分离位置的情形下，通过自由轮20的致动来驱动较小的从动齿轮14转动，该自由轮20连接驱动轴和该较小的从动齿轮。较小的从动齿轮14的上述转动然后由较大的中间齿轮34传递至中间轴32，这致使驱动较小的中间齿轮36转动。该较小的中间齿轮再驱动较大的从动轮42，该较大的从动轮通过自由轮46的作用将该转动重新传递至从动轴32。
当然，在两个离合器不起作用时，较大的驱动齿轮16和较小的从动轮40两者都不由驱动轴和从动轴驱动转动，它们转变为在轴12和38上进行空转。
在另一传动比中，驱动轴的离合器18处于接合位置，而从动轴的离合器44处于分离位置。较大的驱动轮16然后通过离合器18的作用而由驱动轴12驱动转动。该转动则由较小的中间轮36重新传递至中间轴32，该较小的中间轮将其连通至较大的从动轮42。该较大的从动轮的转动通过自由轮46的致动传递至从动轮。
同时，中间轴32由较小的中间轮的转动致使较大的中间轮34转动，而该较大的中间轮再驱动较小的驱动轮14。考虑驱动轴12和较小的驱动轮14之间的转动速度差，该驱动轴由于自由轮20的不起作用而从较小的驱动轮脱开。
对于另一传动比，从动轴38的离合器44处于接合位置，而驱动轴12的离合器18处于分离(脱开)位置。较小的驱动轮14然后通过自由轮20而由驱动轴驱动转动。此种较小的驱动轮的转动由较大的中间轮34连通至中间轴32，该较大的中间轮将上述转动通过离合器44的作用传递至较小的从动轮40的从动轴。
中间轴32通过较大的中间轮34的转动致使较小的中间轮36转动，而该较小的中间轮与较大的从动齿轮42啮合。然而，考虑从动轮42和从动轴38之间的转动速度差，该从动轴由于自由轮46的不起作用而从较大的从动轮脱开。
最后，对于最后一种传动比，离合器18和44均处于接合位置。驱动轴12的转动通过离合器18的作用传递至较大的驱动轮16，该较大的驱动轮将该转动传递至中间轴32的较小的中间齿轮36，该较小的中间齿轮通过较大的中间齿轮34将上述转动传递至较小的从动轮40。然后，该从动轴通过离合器44的作用被驱动转动，该离合器将较小的从动齿轮连接于该从动轴。
在该构造中，中间轴32的转动还借助中间的齿轮34和36致使较小的驱动齿轮14和较大的从动齿轮42进行转动。已提及的是，考虑驱动轴12和较小的驱动轮之间的转动速度差，该驱动轴通过自由轮20从较小的驱动轮脱开。类似地，考虑较大的从动轮42和从动轴之间的转动速度差，该从动轴通过自由轮46从该从动轮42脱开。
因此，如上所述的传动装置允许提供四个传动比，其中在前三个传动比中，通过自由轮自动地脱开驱动轮和/或从动轮。
该传动装置还允许在使用每个传动路径T1或T2的齿轮时具有不同的传动比，或者将其中一个路径T1的齿轮的一部分与另一路径T2的一部分进行组合来具有其他传动比。
在图2所示的变型中，每个转动运动传动路径T1和T2的不同轮并不通过啮合彼此连接(如图1所示)而是由闭合在其自身上的带进行连接，该带例如是链条或皮带并且较佳地在内部和/或在外部开槽。
例如在图2中能更佳地观察到的是，对于每个传动路径均设有链条，即用于连接较大的驱动齿轮16、较小的中间齿轮36以及较大的从动齿轮42的链条58a(也参见图2)，以及用于连接较小的驱动轮14、较大的中间齿轮34和较小的从动轮40的链条58b。
如图4所示，该链条能由在内部或在外部开槽的皮带60替代，该皮带与设有互补凹口的轮协配。
此种变型与图1所示装置相同地操作，且可能获得四个传动比。
在两种使用情形中(链条或皮带)，这使得能够改变各轴的位置并且将这些轴定位成根据可用的空间而彼此相距一定距离，同时在这些轴之间提供转动运动的传动。
此外，与各个轮彼此啮合的图1所示布置相比，该链条(或该皮带)允许限制与这些轮的摩擦。
此外，与图1中描述的齿轮的制造相比，轮14、16、34、36、40和42的制造在使用链条或皮带时没有那么昂贵。
使用链条或皮带也能允许避免湿油底壳润滑方案。
图5所示变型与图2所示实施例的不同之处在于，从动轴的可分离离合器(盘式离合器)与驱动轴12的可分离离合器18定位在相同侧上。
更精确地说，较小的从动齿轮40由销62固定地承载，该销穿过管状部件64延伸，该管状部件相对于该销无法平移，并且承载较大的从动轮42的自由轮46搁置在该管状部件上。该管状部件承载可分离离合器66，从而允许销62能连接于该管状部件。
例如在之前的实施例中，该可分离离合器包括反应板70、压力板72以及摩擦盘76，该反应板固定在管状部件64上，该压力板相对于反应板自由地平移但无法转动，并且该压力板朝向反应板的运动由杆件74控制，该摩擦盘76在设置于反应板和压力板之间的同时在销62上自由地平移但无法转动。
因此，传动装置的从动轴由管状部件64构成，该管状部件有利地承载固定地连接的齿轮78，以将该从动轴的转动运动传递至任何期望的设备。
该变型的操作与图1所示操作相同，同时可获得四个传动比，其中通过自由轮来自动地脱开驱动轮42和/或从动轮14。
图6示出将速度传动装置10应用于诸如两轮机动车辆的机动车辆的传动系。
因此，该传动系包括车辆的内燃机80、速度传动装置10以及驱动路径82。
例如在该附图中可见的是，车辆10的驱动轴12连接于内燃机的曲轴84。
装置10的从动轴38在此是中空轴，驱动路径的驱动轴86容纳在该中空轴中。该驱动轴由任何已知的装置直接地或间接地连接于车辆的驱动轮。该驱动路径还包括离心式离合器88，该离心式离合器具有板90和腹板92，该板90由驱动路径的驱动轴86固定地承载，该腹板固定地连接于从动轴38并且承载经受离心力的摩擦配重94。
因此，通过从动轴38由于其中一个传动比引起的转动，致使该腹板转动。在腹板的此种转动的作用下，配重94与板90相接触，由此在从动轴和驱动路径82的驱动轴86之间建立可转动的联接。
当然，在不偏离本发明范围的情形下，离心式自动离合器能由诸如盘式离合器之类的任何其它受控可分离离合器所替代。
用于图6所示传动系的速度传动装置10的操作与图1中所示的操作相同。
图7是图6的变型，其中，传动装置具体地应用于用于混合型车辆的传动系，其中，驱动机/发电机96与内燃机80相关联。
仅仅借助具体实施例的剩余部分中的示例，该机器是液压机器或者由电池(未示出)供电的电力机器，该电力机器用作用于使得车辆运动的电动机或者用作用于对电池进行充电的发电机或者用于对车辆的电气附件进行供电。
例如在图7中能更佳观察到的是，电力机器包括转子98，该转子与驱动路径82的离心式离合器88的板90转动地连接。
借助示例，此种连接由链条(或者开有槽的皮带)提供，该链条将由转子承载的齿轮102连接于板90。
此种连接也能通过转子的齿轮102与由板90的周界承载的互补的各齿(未示出)的协配来实现。
因此，可通过转子98的转动实现车辆在前进档位或者后退档位的运动，转子的转动被传递至板90并且传递至驱动路径的驱动轴86。
在用于使得车辆运动的纯电动操作期间，仅仅使用电动机。该电动机也能与内燃机80组合地使用，用以为路径82的驱动轴86提供补充动力，或者用作用于对电池进行充电的发电机。
此外，在车辆减速的情形下，机器96的转子由离心式离合器的板90驱动转动，并且在该情形下，机器变为发电机。
在图8所示的变型中，电机86转动地连接于传动装置10的中间轴32。
这通过将齿轮104固定地设置在该轴上并且通过将该齿轮通过链条106(或者开有槽的皮带)连接于转子98的齿轮102来实现。也可将转子的齿轮102直接地连接于中间轴32的齿轮104。
因此，在用于使得车辆运动的纯电动操作中，可利用两个传动比来使得该车辆运动。
这些传动比中的一个由于由链条106将机器转子的转动传递至中间轴32、然后通过较小的中间齿轮36的转动而产生，该较小的中间齿轮的转动传递至较大的从动轮42。该从动轮的转动通过自由轮46连通至轴38，然后连通至腹板92。腹板的此种转动致动配重94，该配重建立与板90和驱动路径82的驱动轴86的连接。
当然，对于该传动比，可分离离合器18和44不起作用，且由于驱动轴12和较小的驱动轮14之间的速度差，驱动轴12无法由该驱动轮14驱动转动。
对于另一传动比，通过建立从动轴38和较小的从动轮40之间的连接，可分离离合器18保持不起作用，而另一可分离离合器44起作用。
较大的中间轮34的转动传递至该较小的从动轮，该较小的从动轮通过离合器44驱动管状从动轴38转动。轴38的转动传递至腹板92，因此提供配重94的致动，该配重建立与板90和驱动轴82的连接。
在该传动比中，由于驱动轴12和该驱动轮之间的速度差，较小的驱动齿轮14无法驱动轴12转动，而由于管状从动轴38和由该管状从动轴承载的该较大从动轮之间的速度差，较大的从动轮42无法由该管状轴驱动转动。
图9的变型包括将离心式离合器108设置在内燃机80的曲柄轴84和驱动轴12之间。
该离心式离合器包括驱动轴110和腹板112，该驱动轴连接于内燃机的曲柄轴84，该腹板连接于该驱动轴，并且承载经受该离心力的摩擦配重114，以使得与由驱动轴12承载的板116相接触。
当然，如已提及的那样，离心式自动离合器能由诸如盘式离合器之类的任何其它受控可分离离合器所替代。
例如在图8所示的示例中，在用于使得车辆运动的纯电动操作中，可实现两个传动比。
这些传动比的一个由于通过链条106将机器转子的转动传递至中间轴32、然后通过较小的中间齿轮36的转动而产生，该较小的中间齿轮的转动传递至较大的从动轮42。该从动轮的转动通过自由轮46连通至从动轴38。
当然，对于该传动比，内燃机并不操作，因此这将曲柄轴从驱动轴12脱开。类似地，可分离离合器18和44不起作用，且较小的驱动轮14并不由驱动轴14驱动转动。
对于另一传动比，内燃机仍不操作，通过建立从动轴38和较小的从动轮40之间的连接，可分离离合器18保持不起作用，而另一可分离离合器44起作用。
较大的中间轮34的转动传递至该较小的从动轮，该较小的从动轮将该转动传递至离合器44和从动轴38。
在该传动比中，较小的驱动轮14和较大的从动轮42分别并不由驱动轴12和从动轴38驱动转动。
图10的变型与图9不同之处在于，机器96的转子98由其齿轮102连接于链条58a或58b的一个(在此是链条58a)，从而将该驱动齿轮连接于中间齿轮和从动齿轮。
这有利地允许将机器96容纳在考虑可用空间的多个位置，同时使得能够实现例如上文在图8和9中提及的两个传动比。
替代的是，例如在图11的变型中所示，机器96的转子98由闭合在自身上的带(链条或开有槽的皮带)通过压力板24连接于驱动轴12。
此种连接也能通过转子的齿轮102与由板24的周界承载的互补的各齿(未示出)的协配来实现。
这具有如下效果：将转子的转动传递至较小的驱动轮44或者较大的驱动轮16，当离合器18处于分离位置中时，该较小的驱动轮将该转动通过较大的中间轮34传递至中间轴32，而较大的驱动轴通过处于接合位置中的离合器18将该转动传递至较小的中间轮36。
在该构造中，在用于使得车辆运动的纯电动操作中，可实现上文结合图1和2所描述的四个传动比。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于机动车辆、尤其是两轮机动车辆的传动装置，所述传动装置包括驱动轴(12)、从动轴(38)以及中间的运动传动轴(32)，所述驱动轴承载至少两个驱动齿轮(14、16)，所述从动轴承载至少两个从动齿轮(40、42)，而所述中间的运动传动轴承载与所述驱动轴(12)和所述从动轴(38)的齿轮协配的齿轮(34、36)，其特征在于，所述传动装置在所述驱动轴(12)和所述从动轴(38)之间包括两个运动传动路径(T1、T2)，所述两个运动传动路径包括通过单向离合器(20、46)由所述驱动轴和所述从动轴承载的齿轮(14、42)、由所述中间轴(32)固定地承载的齿轮(34、36)以及通过可分离离合器(18、44)连接于所述驱动轴和所述从动轴的齿轮(16、40)。
2.如权利要求1所述的传动装置，其特征在于，所述路径中的一个(T1)包括通过单向离合器(20)由驱动轴(12)承载的驱动齿轮(14)、由所述中间的运动传动轴固定地承载的齿轮(34)以及由可分离离合器(44)连接于所述从动轴的从动齿轮(40)。
3.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的传动装置，其特征在于，另一个路径(T2)包括所述齿轮相对于路径(T1)的对称布置，所述路径具有通过可分离离合器(18)由驱动轴(12)承载的驱动齿轮(16)、由所述中间的运动传动轴固定地承载的齿轮(36)以及通过单向离合器(46)连接于所述从动轴的从动齿轮(42)。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的传动装置，其特征在于，所述传动装置包括闭合在其自身上的带(58a、58b)，所述带将每个运动传动路径的齿轮(16、36、42；14、34、40)彼此联接。
5.如权利要求4所述的传动装置，其特征在于，闭合在其自身上的带(58a、58b)包括链条。
6.如权利要求4所述的传动装置，其特征在于，闭合在其自身上的带(58a、58b)包括皮带。
7.如所述权利要求中任一项所述的传动装置，其特征在于，所述单向离合器包括自由轮(20、46)。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的传动装置，其特征在于，所述可分离离合器包括受控离合器(18、44)。
9.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的传动装置，其特征在于，所述可分离离合器包括自动离合器。
10.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的传动装置，其特征在于，所述从动轴包括连接齿轮(78)，用以将转动运动从所述从动轴传递至任何期望的设备。
11.一种传动系、尤其是用于机动车辆的传动系，所述传动系包括内燃机(80)、速度传动装置以及驱动路径(82)，其特征在于，所述传动系包括如前述权利要求中任一项所述的速度传动装置(10)。
12.如权利要求11所述的传动系，其特征在于，所述传动系包括至少用于使得所述车辆运动的驱动机/发电机(96)。
13.如权利要求11或12所述的传动系，其中，所述驱动路径(82)包括可分离离合器(88)，其特征在于，所述机器(96)的转子(98)联接于所述可分离离合器(88)。
14.如权利要求11或12所述的传动系，其特征在于，所述机器(96)的转子(98)联接于中间轴(32)。
15.如权利要求11或12所述的传动系，其特征在于，所述机器(96)的转子(98)联接于闭合在其自身上的带(58a、58b)。
16.如权利要求11或12所述的传动系，其特征在于，所述机器(96)的转子(98)联接于驱动轴(12)。
17.如权利要求16所述的传动系，其特征在于，所述机器(96)的转子(98)联接于所述可分离离合器(18)的压力板(24)。
18.如权利要求12至17中的任一项所述的传动系，其特征在于：所述传动系包括闭合在其自身上的带(100、106、116)，用以将所述机器(96)的转子(98)和由所述转子驱动的元件进行转动地连接。
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