CN103770622B - 用于车辆的混合动力推进***和用于该推进***的变速器 - Google Patents

用于车辆的混合动力推进***和用于该推进***的变速器 Download PDF

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CN103770622B
CN103770622B CN201310487951.1A CN201310487951A CN103770622B CN 103770622 B CN103770622 B CN 103770622B CN 201310487951 A CN201310487951 A CN 201310487951A CN 103770622 B CN103770622 B CN 103770622B
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secondary axes
gear
wheel
internal combustion
combustion engine
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CN103770622A (zh
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雷纳托·皮亚佐拉
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Dana Graziano SRL
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Oerlikon Graziano SpA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/15—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with additional electric power supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请涉及混合动力推进***和用于该***的变速器。混合动力推进***包括：内燃机（ICE）、电机（EM）、适于从电机（EM）接收旋转运动的主轴（14）、次轴（16）、将旋转运动传递到车辆的轮轴的车轮上的差动器（36）、介于主轴与次轴之间的用于在主轴和次轴之间传递旋转运动的第一传动机构（26）、介于次轴与差动器之间的用于在次轴与差动器之间传递旋转运动的第二传动机构（40）、和关联到次轴的超越离合器（54），由此次轴通过超越离合器从内燃机接收旋转运动。还在超越离合器的上游设置减速器机构（58、62），由此次轴被设置成通过减速器机构以及通过超越离合器从内燃机接收旋转运动。

Description

用于车辆的混合动力推进***和用于该推进***的变速器
技术领域
本发明一般涉及用于车辆的混合动力推进***，所述混合动力推进***包括内燃机和电机，适于使所述车辆能够以纯电动模式（即，其中驱动转矩完全由电机产生）或者以混合动力模式（即，其中驱动转矩部分由电机产生且部分由内燃机产生）运行，以及更具体地，本发明涉及用于这种推进***的变速器（transmission，传动装置）。
背景技术
具有在独立权利要求1的前序部分中阐述的特征的变速器从FR-A-2970209中可知晓。根据这种已知的解决方案，超越离合器（overrunning clutch，过速离合器）介于轮毂与齿圈之间，所述轮毂与变速器的次轴（secondary shaft）驱动地连接以便旋转，所述齿圈与内燃机的驱动轴驱动地连接以便旋转，由此在超越离合器的啮合状态下，次轴与内燃机的驱动轴驱动地连接以便旋转。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供用于混合动力机动车的变速器，其简单和紧凑并且能够提供宽范围的可能工作模式，并且特别地其允许使用电机作为主马达而使用内燃机作为辅助马达。
这个和其他的目的可根据本发明凭借具有所附独立权利要求1中阐述的特征的用于混合动力机动车的变速器而完全地实现。
本发明的优选的实施例是从属权利要求的主题，其内容将被看作下列描述的整体和组成部分。
简而言之，本发明基于以下构思：将变速器的次轴在一侧上通过齿轮传动装置和/或机械的变速箱连接到变速器的主轴以从电机接收旋转运动，并且在另一侧上通过超越离合器和减速器机构连接到车辆的内燃机。因此，在设有根据本发明的变速器的混合动力机动车中，电机构成了车辆的主牵引马达，因为它被永久地连接到变速器的主轴并且通过所述主轴连接到车轮，而车辆的内燃机可连接到变速器的次轴以通过超越离合器将转矩传输到车轮。此外，凭借设置在超越离合器上游的、并且因此介于车辆的内燃机与超越离合器之间的减速器机构，根据本发明的变速器具有比现有技术更紧凑的设计。
附图说明
本发明的其他的特征和优点从下文中的仅仅以非限制性的实例的方式参考附图给出的详细描述中将变得明显，其中：
图1示意性地示出了根据本发明的包含有变速器的用于车辆的混合动力推进***；以及
图2和3分别是根据本发明的用于混合动力机动车的变速器的截面图和立体图。
具体实施方式
参考附图，用于混合动力机动车的变速器通常用10表示并且包括外壳12，主轴14、次轴16和副轴（lay shaft，中心轴）18通过各自的轴承20、22和24被支撑在外壳12中，以便绕各自的旋转轴x1、x2和x3旋转，旋转轴x1、x2和x3被相互平行地设置并且被相互间隔开。
如可在图2中看到的，主轴14旨在连接到车辆的电机EM，其优选地适合于既作为电动机也作为发电机运行。优选地，电机EM与主轴14同轴地固定到外壳12。
主轴14通过传动机构26将旋转运动传输给次轴16，根据图2和3中显示的实施例，传动机构26包括齿轮传动装置，该齿轮传动装置包括：驱动小齿轮28，所述驱动小齿轮被安装在主轴14上以便驱动地连接以便旋转（在所建议的实施例中驱动小齿轮28与主轴14整体形成）；从动齿轮30，所述从动齿轮被安装在次轴16上以便驱动地连接以便旋转；以及中间齿轮32，其通过轴承34被外壳12支撑以绕轴线x4旋转，轴线x4平行于主轴14和次轴16的旋转轴线x1和x2且与这些轴线间隔开，并且所述中间齿轮与驱动小齿轮28以及与从动齿轮30两者都永久地啮合。因此，以这种方式，电机EM直接驱动主轴14的旋转，并且通过形成传动机构26的齿轮传动装置，用固定的传动比驱动次轴16的旋转，该固定的传动比取决于形成这个齿轮传动装置的齿轮28、30和32的齿数。可替换地，传动机构26可以由机械变速箱形成或者至少包括机械变速箱，以允许改变主轴和次轴之间（以及因此电机和次轴之间）的传动比。
次轴16通过差动器36将旋转运动传递到车辆的相同轴（对于前轴或者后轴都是一样）的车轮。差动器36（其是本身已知的类型并且其因此在这里将不进一步描述）优选地也被容纳在外壳12内。更具体地，次轴16通过传动机构40将旋转运动传递给齿圈38，该齿圈用作差动器36的输入齿轮，在本发明的实施方式中，如特别是在图2和3中可以看到的一样，该传动机构40被配置为允许反转齿圈38的旋转方向。关于此，传动机构40包括：用于将旋转运动从次轴16传递到齿圈38的第一齿轮传动装置、在相对于第一齿轮传动装置的相反方向上将旋转运动从次轴16传递到齿圈38的第二齿轮传动装置、以及用于选择第一或者第二齿轮传动装置的联接装置42。第一齿轮传动装置包括齿轮44，齿轮44由次轴16承载并且永久地与差动器36的齿圈38啮合。第二齿轮传动装置包括由次轴16承载的齿轮46和由副轴18承载的一对齿轮48和50，其中齿轮48永久地与由次轴16承载的齿轮46啮合，而齿轮50永久地与差动器36的齿圈38啮合。在图示的实施例中，齿轮48和50被制造为固定的齿轮，即，被制造为永久地固定以随各自的轴（副轴18）旋转的齿轮，而齿轮44和46被制造为怠速齿轮且可通过联接装置42与各自的轴（次轴16）选择性地连接以便旋转。这样，在次轴16的旋转方向保持不变的情况下，取决于联接装置42是选择第一齿轮传动装置还是第二齿轮传动装置（即，是连接齿轮44还是齿轮46以随次轴16旋转），旋转运动可以在一个方向上或者另一个方向上传递到差动器36的齿圈38。更明确地，第一齿轮传动装置被用于在向前的方向上驱动车辆，在该情况下旋转运动从次轴16被直接传递到差动器36，而第二齿轮传动装置被用于在向后的方向上驱动车辆，在该情况下旋转运动通过副轴18从次轴16被传递到差动器36。
可替换地，传动机构40甚至可能以如下的方式配置，即，不允许反转旋转运动的方向，因此该传动机构仅包括由次轴16承载并且与差动器36的齿圈38啮合的齿轮44。在这个情况下，仅能在电动模式中通过反转电机EM的旋转方向而发生在向后的方向上的驱动。
优选地，输出小齿轮52（其在建议的实施例中是锥小齿轮（bevel pinion，小伞齿轮））被安装在副轴18上，以与此轴驱动地连接以便旋转，从而允许旋转运动也被传递到车辆的其他的轴的车轮。总之，输出小齿轮52甚至可以被安装在次轴16上，例如如果副轴18被省略的话。变速器10因此也可以被使用，加以简单的修改，以获得四轮驱动车辆。
变速器到车辆的内燃机（在图1中被示为ICE）的连接通过超越离合器54发生，在图示的实施例中（特别是在图2中可见）该超越离合器介于安装在次轴16上的输入齿轮60的轮毂56和齿圈58之间。输入齿轮60的轮毂56与次轴16驱动地连接以便旋转，而齿圈58与小齿轮62（图1）啮合，小齿轮62被设置成或者直接地、或者如所示实施例那样间接地通过变速箱64（图1）随内燃机ICE旋转，该变速箱64例如被形成为连续可变的变速箱。因此，根据本发明的一个方面，减速器机构介于超越离合器54和内燃机ICE之间，其中在建议的实施例中，减速器机构由齿圈58以及由小齿轮62形成，但是也可以有不同的类型，例如可以包括额外的齿轮或者由通过带相互连接的带轮形成。如在本说明书的前言部分中已经陈述的一样，这种减速器机构的设置允许使变速器的设计更加紧凑，因为内燃机的位置不再受次轴的位置约束。
在设有根据本发明的变速器的混合动力机动车中，电机EM构成车辆的主牵引马达，因为它被永久地连接到主轴14并且因此连接到车辆的车轮（前轮和/或后轮）。除了由电机EM传递的驱动转矩之外，内燃机ICE能通过超越离合器54连接到次轴16以将驱动转矩传递到车轮，并且因此内燃机作为辅助牵引马达。
根据本发明的变型，在电机EM和次轴16之间具有离合器，电机EM能借助于该离合器从次轴16分离以允许车辆仅被内燃机ICE驱动。
内燃机ICE也可以被用以给车辆的电池充电。当车辆正在行驶的时候电池可以被充电，在该情况下来自于车轮的抗转矩被加到作为发电机工作的电机EM的抗转矩上，施加在内燃机ICE上。但是，通过提供允许将次轴16从车轮断开连接的离合器，当车辆静止时给电池充电也是可能的。在设有允许反转旋转运动的方向的传动机构40的变速器的情况下，这个离合器可以包括联接装置42，其在空档位置（在该空档位置中联接装置既不将齿轮44也不将齿轮46与次轴16连接以便旋转）将次轴16与车轮分离。
自然地，在本发明的原理保持不变的情况下，在不背离后附的权利要求中限定的本发明范围的前提下，实施例和结构细节可从仅通过非限制性的实例而描述和示出的那些做出广泛地变化。

Claims (10)

1.用于设有内燃机(ICE)和电机(EM)的混合动力车辆的变速器(10)，所述变速器(10)包括
主轴(14)，适于从所述电机(EM)接收旋转运动，
次轴(16)，
差动器(36)，用于将旋转运动传递到所述车辆的轮轴的车轮，第一传动机构(26)，介于所述主轴(14)与所述次轴(16)之间，用于在所述主轴(14)与所述次轴(16)之间传递旋转运动，
第二传动机构(40)，介于所述次轴(16)与所述差动器(36)之间，用于在所述次轴(16)与所述差动器(36)之间传递旋转运动，和
超越离合器(54)，以如下方式与所述次轴(16)关联，所述方式即，使得所述次轴(16)被设置成通过所述超越离合器(54)从所述内燃机(ICE)接收旋转运动，
其特征在于，在所述超越离合器(54)的上游，所述变速器还包括减速器机构(58、62)，由此所述次轴(16)被设置成通过所述减速器机构(58、62)以及通过所述超越离合器(54)从所述内燃机(ICE)接收旋转运动；
所述次轴(16)在一侧上通过所述第一传动机构(26)连接到所述主轴(14)以从所述电机(EM)接收旋转运动，并且所述次轴在另一侧上通过所述超越离合器(54)和所述减速器机构(58、62)连接到所述内燃机(ICE)；
其中，输入齿轮(60)被安装在所述次轴(16)上并且所述输入齿轮包括轮毂(56)和齿圈(58)，所述轮毂与所述次轴(16)驱动地连接以便旋转，其中所述超越离合器(54)介于所述输入齿轮(60)的所述轮毂(56)与所述齿圈(58)之间，并且其中所述减速器机构(58、62)包括所述齿圈(58)和小齿轮(62)，所述小齿轮(62)被设置成通过所述内燃机(ICE)进行旋转并且所述小齿轮直接地或者间接地与所述齿圈(58)啮合；或者
其中，输入带轮被安装在所述次轴(16)上并且包括轮毂和外圈，所述轮毂与所述次轴(16)驱动地连接以便旋转，其中所述超越离合器(54)介于所述输入带轮的所述轮毂与所述外圈之间，并且其中所述减速器机构包括一驱动带轮以及包括所述输入带轮的所述外圈，所述驱动带轮被设置成通过所述内燃机(ICE)进行旋转并且通过带直接地或者间接地连接到所述输入带轮的所述外圈。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其中，所述第一传动机构(26)由包括驱动小齿轮(28)和从动齿轮(30)的齿轮传动装置形成，所述驱动小齿轮由所述主轴(14)承载，所述从动齿轮由所述次轴(16)承载，所述驱动小齿轮(28)和所述从动齿轮(30)分别与各自的轴驱动地连接以便旋转。
3.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其中，所述第一传动机构(26)包括机械变速箱。
4.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其中，所述第二传动机构(40)包括副轴(18)，所述副轴适于既与所述次轴(16)连接也与所述差动器(36)连接以便旋转，以允许所述差动器(36)的旋转方向反转，而所述次轴(16)的旋转方向保持不变。
5.根据权利要求4所述的变速器，其中，所述第二传动机构(40)包括在空档位置中可换档的联接装置(42)，在所述空档位置中所述联接装置将所述次轴(16)与所述差动器(36)以及与所述副轴(18)分离。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的变速器，还包括输出小齿轮(52)，所述输出小齿轮被安装在所述次轴(16)上以与所述次轴驱动地连接以便旋转，从而允许旋转运动也传递到所述车辆的其他轮轴的车轮。
7.根据权利要求4或5所述的变速器，还包括输出小齿轮(52)，所述输出小齿轮被安装在所述副轴(18)上以与所述副轴驱动地连接以便旋转，从而允许旋转运动也传递到所述车辆的其他轮轴的车轮。
8.用于车辆的混合动力推进***，包括变速器(10)、电机(EM)和内燃机(ICE)，其中所述变速器(10)包括
主轴(14)，被直接连接到所述电机(EM)以从所述电机接收旋转运动，
次轴(16)，
差动器(36)，用于将旋转运动传递给所述车辆的轮轴的车轮，第一传动机构(26)，介于所述主轴(14)与所述次轴(16)之间，用于在所述主轴(14)与所述次轴(16)之间传递旋转运动，
第二传动机构(40)，介于所述次轴(16)与所述差动器(36)之间，用于在所述次轴(16)与所述差动器(36)之间传递旋转运动，和
超越离合器(54)，以如下方式与所述次轴(16)关联，所述方式为，使得所述次轴(16)被设置成通过所述超越离合器(54)从所述内燃机(ICE)接收旋转运动，
其特征在于，在所述超越离合器(54)的上游，所述变速器还包括减速器机构(58、62)，由此所述次轴(16)被设置成通过所述减速器机构(58、62)以及通过所述超越离合器(54)从所述内燃机(ICE)接收旋转运动，
所述次轴(16)在一侧上通过所述第一传动机构(26)连接到所述主轴(14)以从所述电机(EM)接收旋转运动，并且所述次轴在另一侧上通过所述超越离合器(54)和所述减速器机构(58、62)连接到所述内燃机(ICE)；
其中，输入齿轮(60)被安装在所述次轴(16)上并且所述输入齿轮包括轮毂(56)和齿圈(58)，所述轮毂与所述次轴(16)驱动地连接以便旋转，其中所述超越离合器(54)介于所述输入齿轮(60)的所述轮毂(56)与所述齿圈(58)之间，并且其中所述减速器机构(58、62)包括所述齿圈(58)和小齿轮(62)，所述小齿轮(62)被设置成通过所述内燃机(ICE)进行旋转并且所述小齿轮直接地或者间接地与所述齿圈(58)啮合；或者
其中，输入带轮被安装在所述次轴(16)上并且包括轮毂和外圈，所述轮毂与所述次轴(16)驱动地连接以便旋转，其中所述超越离合器(54)介于所述输入带轮的所述轮毂与所述外圈之间，并且其中所述减速器机构包括一驱动带轮以及包括所述输入带轮的所述外圈，所述驱动带轮被设置成通过所述内燃机(ICE)进行旋转并且通过带直接地或者间接地连接到所述输入带轮的所述外圈。
9.根据权利要求8所述的混合动力推进***，还包括变速箱(64)，所述变速箱介于所述内燃机(ICE)与所述减速器机构(58、62)之间。
10.根据权利要求9所述的混合动力推进***，其中，所述变速箱(64)是连续可变的变速箱。
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