CN106457355A - 硬质合金缩颈工具 - Google Patents
硬质合金缩颈工具 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneniobium Chemical compound [Nb]#C UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910009043 WC-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020630 Co Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002968 anti-fracture Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000254 damaging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010218 electron microscopic analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/01—Selection of materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D41/00—Application of procedures in order to alter the diameter of tube ends
- B21D41/04—Reducing; Closing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
- B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
- B21D51/26—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects cans or tins; Closing same in a permanent manner
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
- B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
- B21D51/26—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects cans or tins; Closing same in a permanent manner
- B21D51/2615—Edge treatment of cans or tins
- B21D51/2638—Necking
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/10—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on titanium carbide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
- Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
Abstract
一种用于制造金属饮料罐的缩颈工具,所述缩颈工具为以wt%计包含以下的硬质合金:18‑63的WC,21‑30的TiC,0‑27的TiN,0‑12的NbC,0‑2的Cr3C2,8‑14的Co,和0‑6的Ni。
Description
技术领域及工业实用性
本发明涉及一种用于制罐工业应用中的硬质合金缩颈工具(necking tool),其具有更低的密度、更高的硬度和与工具钢更接近的热膨胀。
背景技术
全世界每年生产超过2800亿的饮料罐。在该过程期间,罐的上部通过缩颈操作(necking-in operation)被减小从而与顶部相适应。在缩颈操作(necking operation)中,通常使用模具。由于大量的罐被生产,因此模具的使用寿命是至关重要的。
因此,缩颈模具材料必须满足最苛刻的应用。使用现代粉末冶金工艺制造的硬质合金提供了强度、硬度和韧性的独特组合。如在本文中使用的,硬质合金被定义为硬质碳化物相和粘结相,所述硬质碳化物相为复合物的70-97wt%。硬质合金包括标准WCCo,金属陶瓷和混合物(hybrid)。碳化钨(WC)是最常见的硬质相,钴(Co)是最常见的粘结相。这两种材料形成了基本的硬质合金结构。从该基本概念出发,开发了许多其它类型的硬质合金。除WC-Co组成外,也可以使用不同比例的碳化钛(TiC)、碳化钽(TaC)或者碳化铌(NbC)或者其它。此外,钴粘结相可以与铌(Ni)、铬(Cr)、铁(Fe)、钼(Mo)或者这些单质的合金合金化,或者被其完全代替。
通过改变组成,可以调整所得的物理和化学性质从而确保最大的耐磨性、耐变形性、耐断裂性、耐腐蚀性、抗氧化性以及对其它损伤作用的抗性。硬质合金的可获得的独特组成使其成为制罐工艺中用于成型和冲压的理想工具材料。已知模具10的实例示于图1中。由于减少的成本,缩颈模具利用通常由工作钢制成的顶杆(knock out)工作。在缩颈机的启动和运行状态期间,顶杆和缩颈模具的配合间隙必须尽可能保持不变,因此缩颈模具的热膨胀与工具钢越接近越好。
转让于本发明受让人的EP2439294公开了一种用于制造金属饮料罐的硬质合金冲头。该特别公开的硬质合金具有WC硬质相和基于Co和No的粘结相。所述组成以wt%计包括:50-70的WC,15-30的TiC(碳化钛)和12-20的Co+Ni。所述冲头应用特别适合于该特定的组成,因为可以降低冲头重量并且增加生产速度。
同样转让于本发明受让人的WO2008079083公开了一种用于冷成型和拉伸操作中、特别是用于饮料罐的制造中的硬质合金冲头。所述硬质合金以wt%计基本上为:70-90的WC,2-8的TiC,1-9的NbC,0-3的TaC,和5-20的Co粘结相,其中所述粘结相添加有Cr和可能的一种或多种选自Ni、Fe和Mo中的单质。更特别地,所述粘结剂组成也以wt%计为:10-98的Co,0-50的Ni,2-15的Cr,0-50的Fe和0-10的Mo。
此外,粘结剂含量在3-10wt%范围内且粒度(grain size)低于1μm的品级(grade)具有最高的硬度和压缩强度,以及高的耐磨性和高的防断裂可靠性。如在本文中使用的,品级被定义为以下的组合:碳化钨(WC),钴(Co)和/或铌(Ni)的粘结相,以及任何其它单独或者组合的碳化物相(TiC,Ta/NbC等)。然而,硬质合金的粘结相容易受到液体腐蚀,从而导致磨损问题。因此,亚微米碳化物晶粒与适当粘结剂的组合已被用于WC-Co碳化物冲头中。
然而,这种材料之前尚未用于缩颈模具中。
发明内容
在一个方面,提供了一种用于制造金属饮料罐的缩颈工具,所述缩颈工具为以wt%计含有以下的硬质合金:18-63的WC,21-30的TiC,0-27的TiN,0-12的NbC,0-2的Cr3C2,8-14的Co和0-6的Ni。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种用于制造金属饮料罐的缩颈工具,所述缩颈工具为以wt%计包含以下的硬质合金:小于63的WC,21的TiC,2的Cr3C2,8的Co和小于6的Ni。
在又一方面,提供了一种用于制造金属饮料罐的缩颈工具,所述缩颈工具为以wt%计包含以下的硬质合金:18的WC,小于30的TiC,小于27的TiN,小于12的NbC,和14的Co。
本发明的这些和其它目的、特征、方面和优点将由关于附图的优选实施方式的以下具体实施方式变得更为清楚,其中:
附图说明
图1是用于制造金属饮料罐的已知缩颈模具的透视图。
图2是根据本公开内容的第一缩颈工具材料的SEM图像。
图3是根据本公开内容的第二缩颈工具材料的SEM图像。
图4是图3的试样B的孔隙度水平的SEM图像。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种在制罐工业中用于缩颈应用的包括混合物和金属陶瓷的硬质合金。与用于缩颈模具的现有陶瓷材料相比,与这些新材料相关的优点可体现为更高的硬度,更低的密度和与工具钢顶杆更接近的热膨胀,以及增大的韧性。
根据已知方法制造具有根据下表1的以wt%计的组成的硬质合金品级。由形成硬质成分的粉末和形成粘结剂的粉末制备硬质合金试样,将所述粉末一起湿磨、干燥、压制成所需形状的坯体并烧结。
表1
品级 | WC | TiC | TiN | NbC | Cr3C2 | Co | Ni |
试样A | 63.00 | 21.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 8.00 | 6.00 |
试样B | 18.00 | 30.00 | 27.00 | 12.00 | 0.00 | 14.00 | 0.00 |
比较例 | 88.0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1 | 12 | 0.00 |
将用于制罐工业中的已知硬质合金Sandvik品级H12N(Sandvik AB,Sandvik,SE)用作比较例。该比较例以wt%计含有小于约88的WC、约12的Co和约1的Cr3C2,优选87.5的WC、12的Co和0.5的Cr3C2。此外,所述比较例具有中等的碳化物粒度,主观尺度(subj ectivescale)为1到10时为约3的耐腐蚀性,主观尺度为1到10时为约5的耐磨性,约4600MPa的压缩强度,和按照Palmqvist方法为约16MPa m1/2的断裂韧性。
实施例
如表1中所示的制备和表征根据本公开内容的两种硬质合金体(试样A和B)。通过电子显微镜分析所述试样。试样A的SEM显微照片示于图2中,试样B的示于图3中。正如所示,可以看出硬质和基质相的形态和分布是均匀的。
试样A和B两者的粒度都为从0.5μm到1μm。两个试样的粘结剂含量为约14%。优选6-18%的Co/Ni。
根据一个方面,所述缩颈工具由以wt%计包含以下的硬质合金制成:18-63的WC,小于30的TiC,0-27的TiN,0-12的NbC,0-2的Cr3C2,8-14的Co和0-6的Ni。
根据另一方面,所述缩颈工具由以wt%计包含以下的硬质合金制成:小于63的WC,更优选62.8的WC;21的TiC;2的Cr3C2;8的Co,更优选8.3的Co;和小于6的Ni,更优选5.7的Ni。因此,由Co和Ni构成的粘结相具有约14wt%的含量。
在另一方面,所述缩颈工具由以wt%计包含以下的硬质合金制成:18的WC,更优选18.08的WC;小于30的TiC,更优选29.66的TiC;小于27的TiN,更优选26.46的TiN;小于12,更优选11.63的NbC;和14的Co,更优选14.17的Co。
参照表1并且可从图3中可以看出,试样B利用N来抑制晶粒生长。而且,Ti晶粒是球形的,且Co粘结剂的分布良好。此外,如图4中所示,光学显微照片示出了A02/A04型的孔隙度水平。
如下表2中所示,根据硬质合金工业中使用的标准测量其它性质。
表2
可以看出,相比于比较例H12N,试样A和B具有分别为1450和1650的高得多的硬度,小于10g/cm3的分别为9.86和6.62的低得多的密度,以及7.13和7.49的与已知工具钢更接近的热膨胀。
尽管本发明关于其特定的实施方式进行了描述,但是许多其它变体和修改以及其它用途对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。因此优选地,本发明不被本文中的特定公开内容所限定,而仅由所附权利要求书限定。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于制造金属饮料罐的缩颈工具,所述缩颈工具为以wt%计包含以下的硬质合金:18-63的WC;21-30的TiC;0-27的TiN;0-12的NbC;0-2的Cr3C2;8-14的Co;和0-6的Ni。
2.根据权利要求1所述的缩颈工具,其中所述硬质合金的粘结剂含量为约14wt%。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的缩颈工具,其中所述硬质合金的密度小于10g/cm3。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的缩颈工具,其中所述硬质合金的热膨胀系数为7.131×10-6/℃。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的缩颈工具,其中所述硬质合金的粘结剂含量为14.17wt%。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的缩颈工具,其中所述硬质合金的热膨胀系数为7.491×10-6/℃。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的缩颈工具,其中所述硬质合金具有粒度小于1μm、优选0.5-1μm、更优选0.5-0.9μm的品级。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的缩颈工具用于制造金属饮料罐的用途。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/IB2014/062073 WO2015189654A1 (en) | 2014-06-09 | 2014-06-09 | Cemented carbide necking tool |
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CN106457355A true CN106457355A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
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Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3151988B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP6306217B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20170018831A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN106457355A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112016028765A2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2663710T3 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX354805B (zh) |
PL (1) | PL3151988T3 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT3151988T (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2661198C1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2015189654A1 (zh) |
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CN109280838B (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-11-06 | 宇龙精机科技(浙江)有限公司 | 一种钛钴合金及其制备方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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MX2016016182A (es) | 2017-03-08 |
EP3151988A1 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
EP3151988B1 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
WO2015189654A1 (en) | 2015-12-17 |
PL3151988T3 (pl) | 2018-07-31 |
PT3151988T (pt) | 2018-03-27 |
BR112016028765A2 (pt) | 2017-08-22 |
RU2661198C1 (ru) | 2018-07-16 |
MX354805B (es) | 2018-03-22 |
KR20170018831A (ko) | 2017-02-20 |
ES2663710T3 (es) | 2018-04-16 |
JP2017524810A (ja) | 2017-08-31 |
JP6306217B2 (ja) | 2018-04-04 |
ZA201607886B (en) | 2019-12-18 |
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