CN106448429A - Multilayer frame teaching experiment model and experiment method thereof - Google Patents
Multilayer frame teaching experiment model and experiment method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multilayer frame teaching experiment model and an experiment method thereof. The multilayer frame teaching experiment model comprises a multilayer frame structure, a static force loading device, a vibration exciter loading device, a vibration table loading device and measurement equipment. A worm gear elevator in the static force loading device realizes loading and unloading of a frame structure through a hand wheel on the worm gear elevator, and furthermore an applied load is displayed on a computer through a force sensor. The multilayer frame teaching experiment model and the experiment method can be used for a displacement method experiment, a double-freedom-system free vibration experiment, a double-freedom-system compulsive vibration experiment and a three-layer rigid frame fundamental frequency experiment according to an approximation method. The multilayer frame teaching experiment model and the experiment method have a beneficial effect of flexible and variable experiment model. A student can independently perform the experiment on the condition of different parameters. A small error between an obtained experiment result and a theoretical value which is calculated according to structural mechanics is realized. The multilayer frame teaching experiment model and the experiment method are suitable for related teaching experiments and further design development in colleges.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to civil engineering structural mechanics experimental teaching field, it is related to a kind of multistory frame education experiment mould
Type, can be used for displacement method experiment, the free vibration experiment of Double Degree of Freedom System, the forced-vibration experimentation of Double Degree of Freedom System, near
Ask three layers of framework fundamental frequency experiment like method.
Background technology
Structural mechanics are the required subjects of institution of higher learning's civil engineering, and wherein multistory frame is in Teaching of Structural Mechanics
Important models, (displacement method solves redundant structure problem, stiffness method solves structural dynamic for two class problems that this model is related to
Characteristic and dynamic response problem) it is structural mechanics classical teaching example.
Displacement method is the basic skills that structural mechanics solve redundant structure internal force and displacement under static load.Indeterminate
Structure is computationally different from statically determinate structure, and the internal force of redundant structure can not singly be obtained it is necessary to simultaneously from static balance condition
Consider deformation compatibility condition.For the convenience of computational problem, in all unknown quantitys of redundant structure, often choose wherein one
It is allocated as fundamental unknown variables.Displacement method is to take some displacements to make fundamental unknown variables, is solved indeterminate according to static balance condition
A kind of method of structure.
Stiffness method is the basic skills that structural mechanics solve structural dynamic characteristic.Stiffness method is set up micro- from force system in equilibrium angle
Divide equation, wherein consider inertia force effect, structural dynamic characteristic and dynamic response are obtained by solving equation.
The teaching method of institution of higher learning's structural mechanics is mainly theory teaching, due to lacking the experiment to correlation theory at present
Checking, can lead to part classmate not deep enough to the understanding of correlation theory unavoidably, or even correlation theory is thrown doubt upon.High
The inexorable trend that experiment content is Teaching of Structural Mechanics development from now on is introduced in the daily teaching of universities and colleges' structural mechanics.
In multistory frame teaching experiment model of the present invention, the static force loading device of charger part is with this seminar
A kind of disclosed Chinese patent (2015107123346 experiment device for teaching by force method directly perceivedization；2015107079593 is a kind of
Experiment device for teaching by displacement method directly perceivedization) in content similar, disclosure in whole device only playing plus
Load acts on, and not for the innovation structure of the present invention, vibrator charger of the present invention, vibration table charger base other structures are therewith
Front patent disclosure is entirely different, and the present invention can be used in displacement method experiment, the free vibration of Double Degree of Freedom System
Experiment, the forced-vibration experimentation of Double Degree of Freedom System and method of approximation ask three layers of rigid frame fundamental frequency experiment.
Content of the invention
The present invention is directed to the present situation lacking related experiment content in current Teaching of Structural Mechanics, is capable of structural mechanics religion
Learn the experiment of content, realize the checking to displacement law theory, rigidity law theory, and reality is found out with theoretical difference by experiment
The reason test error, make student personal put into practice and analysis in, deeper into the theoretical knowledge understanding structural mechanics.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of multistory frame teaching experiment model include multistory frame structure, static force loading device, vibrator charger,
Vibration table charger and measuring apparatus.
Described multistory frame structure includes multiple crossbeams 3,4, two columns 5 of bottom-layer beam, beam clamp 6 and bottom-layer beam folder
Tool 7；Described crossbeam number needs to adjust according to experiment, is 1 to 3, each horizontal depth of beam and quality all can adjust, horizontal
Beam is connected with mass 8, adjusts crossbeam quality；Each described crossbeam two ends are clamped and connected with column 5 by beam clamp 6,
Realize beam column to be rigidly connected；Described bottom-layer beam 4 two ends are clamped and connected with column 5 bottom by bottom-layer beam fixture 7, realize beam column
It is rigidly connected；Bottom-layer beam 4 middle part is connected with trolley platform.Because transverse beam rigidity is much larger than column rigidity, transverse beam rigidity can be regarded
Infinitely great with respect to column rigidity, irrotational displacement when multistory frame structure is only subject to lateral load it is believed that at bean column node, only
There is displacement of the lines.
Described static force loading device includes worm and gear elevator 9, force transducer 10, ball pivot 11, load bar 12, screw thread
Selector bar 13, column loads fixture 14；Described worm and gear elevator 9 one end is fixedly connected with trolley platform 15, and dolly is put down
Platform 15 is installed on reaction frame 1 guide rail, and trolley platform 15 can be along any adjustment position of reaction frame 1 guide rail；Described worm gear snail
Bar elevator 9 other end is connected with force transducer 10 one end；The described other end of force transducer 10, ball pivot 11, load bar 12,
One end of screw thread selector bar 13 passes sequentially through threaded；The other end of described screw thread selector bar 13 is passed through screw thread and is pressed from both sides with crossbeam
Tool 6 connection, there is the screwed hole of coupling beam clamp 6 side；Or the other end of screw thread selector bar 13 is added with column by screw thread
Carry fixture 14 to connect, column loads fixture 14 is arranged on any position of column 5 by way of clamping.Described ball pivot 11 leads to
Crossing the freely rotatable of its own avoids charger to produce the impact of moment of flexure, during experimenter's load or unload, energy to frame structure
Enough pass through the handwheel in rotation of worm gear worm screw elevator, realize the loading and unloading to frame structure, and pass through force transducer 10
Load added by display on computers.
Described vibrator charger includes vibrator 16, keyset 17, connecting rod 18, power amplifier and vibration control
Instrument processed；Described vibrator 16 one end is fixedly connected with keyset 17 by bolt, and keyset 17 is connected with trolley platform 15 again；
Described vibrator 16 other end is connected with connecting rod 18 by screw thread, and connecting rod 18 is connected with beam clamp 6 by screw thread；Swash
The device 16 that shakes is connected with power amplifier, vibration controller by data wire, afterwards both control vibrators 16, excitation power load,
And excited frequency is inputted by computer, amplitude of exciting force is adjusted by the gain knob on vibration controller.
Described vibration table charger includes high-power vibrator 19, vibration exciter fixing device 20, vibration table base plate 21
With connecting plate 22；Described vibration exciter fixing device 20 is all connected with experiment room floor by bolt with the bottom of vibration table base plate 21
Connect；Described high-power vibrator 19 is fixedly connected with vibration exciter fixing device 20 side by bolt；Connecting plate 22 passes through rolling
Pearl is connected with vibration table base plate 21 top, and described connecting plate 22 can relative be slided with vibration table base plate 21, on connecting plate 22
It is provided with bolt hole；Bottom-layer beam 4 is connected with connecting plate 22 by bolt；Described high-power vibrator 19 passes through data wire and power
Amplifier, vibration controller are connected, and both are used for controlling high-power vibrator 19, excitation power load afterwards, are inputted by computer
Excited frequency, adjusts amplitude of exciting force by the gain knob on vibration controller.
Described measuring apparatus include force transducer 10, acceleration transducer 24 and amesdial.Described force transducer is surveyed
The dead load value that amount worm and gear elevator is applied to multistory frame structure；Described amesdial, table body passes through Magnetic gauge stand
It is fixed on dial framework, measurement bar can be in direct contact with the optional position of multistory frame structure, exist for measuring multistory frame structure
Each point displacement under dead load effect；Described acceleration transducer can be fixed in multistory frame structure beam clamp 6, is used for
The absolute acceleration values of measurement crossbeam under dynamic load function for the multistory frame structure.Amesdial can be directly in the liquid carrying
Brilliant screen above reading, other measuring apparatus are connected with computer by data wire, and by the data collection and analysis system in computer
System makes every data visualization.
Above-mentioned multistory frame teaching experiment model can be used in the free vibration reality of displacement method experiment, Double Degree of Freedom System
Test, the forced-vibration experimentation of Double Degree of Freedom System and method of approximation ask three layers of framework fundamental frequency experiment, specific experiment step is as follows：
When above-mentioned multistory frame teaching experiment model is used for displacement method experiment, comprise the following steps that：
The first step, assembles two story frame structures, and determines each experimental point position, and bottom-layer beam 4 two ends mark A, B, ground floor
Crossbeam 3 marks C, D, and second layer crossbeam 3 marks E, F, and A, C, E are located at left side column, and B, D, F are located at right side uprights；In F and D
Portion marks G.Spacing between test crossbeam 3, i.e. the length of AC, CE, BD, DF, multistory frame teaching experiment model is carried out pre-
Load, and balance force transducer.
Second step, is further applied load F by static force loading device in G pointp, measure the horizontal displacement Δ of ground floor crossbeam 3CD surveys
Horizontal displacement Δ with second layer crossbeam 3EF surveys.
3rd step, repeats second step and tests at least three times.
4th step, is applied by two static force loading devices respectively in ground floor crossbeam 3C point and second layer crossbeam 3E point simultaneously
Plus horizontal restraint, such as Fig. 7 assembles experimental provision, is further applied load F in G pointp, measure the anti-of C point and E two static force loading devices of point
Power VCPAnd VEP.
5th step, repeats the 4th step and tests at least three times.
6th step, removes the static force loading device of G point, balances force transducer；Apply hierarchical level displacement in C pointC, survey
Go out C point and counter-force V of E two static force loading devices of pointCCAnd VEC；After being loaded into highest displacement, unloading.
7th step, repeats the 6th step and tests at least three times, obtain stiffness coefficient k by formulaCC、kEC.
8th step, balances force transducer, applies hierarchical level displacement in E pointE, measure C point and two static loadings of E point
Counter-force V of deviceCEAnd VEE；After being loaded into highest displacement, unloading.
9th step, repeats the 8th step and tests at least three times, obtain stiffness coefficient k by formulaCEAnd kEE.
Tenth step, the result that above step obtains, according to displacement method Basic equation group, obtains derived value ΔCD derives、ΔEF derives.
11st step, relative analyses ΔCD surveys、ΔEF surveysAnd ΔCD derives、ΔEF derives, analytical error it was therefore concluded that.
When the free vibration that above-mentioned multistory frame teaching experiment model is used for Double Degree of Freedom System is tested, step is as follows：
The first step, assembles two story frame structures, and determines each experimental point position, and bottom-layer beam 4 two ends mark A, B, ground floor
Crossbeam 3 marks C, D, and second layer crossbeam 3 marks E, F, and A, C, E are located at left side column, and B, D, F are located at right side uprights；In F and D
Portion marks G.Spacing between test crossbeam 3, i.e. the length of AC, CE, BD, DF；
Second step, determines the dynamic trait of structure using survey stiffness coefficient method
2.1) assemble experimental provision, balance force transducer；Apply hierarchical level displacement in C pointC, measure C point and E point two
Counter-force V of individual static force loading deviceCCAnd VEC；After being loaded into highest displacement, unloading.
2.2) repeat the 6th step to test at least three times, stiffness coefficient k is obtained by formulaCC、kEC.
2.3) balance force transducer, apply hierarchical level displacement in E pointE, measure C point and two static loading dresses of E point
Counter-force V putCEAnd VEE；After being loaded into highest displacement, unloading.
2.4) repeat the 8th step to test at least three times, stiffness coefficient k is obtained by formulaCEAnd kEE.
2.5) utilize the dynamic trait of stiffness coefficient and crossbeam Mass Calculation frame structure, including natural frequency of structures with shake
Type.
3rd step, unloads, using prominent, the dynamic trait that loading method determines structure
3.1) assemble experimental provision, be connected with frame structure using 23 worm and gear elevator 9 of fine rule, apply in point F
Initial displacement y0,
3.2) after system quiescence, cut off fine rule, 2 points of acceleration of D, F are drawn by the response spectrum that acceleration transducer 24 records
Degree change curve, obtains natural frequency of structures and each rank natural frequency of vibration corresponds to the vibration shape.
4th step, stiffness coefficient method, the prominent experimental result unloading loading method are surveyed in relative analyses, analytical error it was therefore concluded that.
When above-mentioned multistory frame teaching experiment model is used for the forced-vibration experimentation of Double Degree of Freedom System, step is as follows：
The first step, assembles two story frame structures, and determines each experimental point position, and bottom-layer beam 4 two ends mark A, B, ground floor
Crossbeam 3 marks C, D, and second layer crossbeam 3 marks E, F, and A, C, E are located at left side column, and B, D, F are located at right side uprights；In F and D
Portion marks G.Spacing between test crossbeam 3, i.e. the length of AC, CE, BD, DF；
Second step, determines the dynamic trait of structure using vibration table excitation method：
2.1) assemble experimental provision, measure AC, CE, BD, DF length and crossbeam, column sectional dimension, multistory frame is tied
Structure is arranged on vibration table charger, and input white noise signal draws knot by the response spectrum that acceleration transducer 24 records
The structure natural frequency of vibration.
2.2) to vibration table input the corresponding sine wave signal of the first order frequency, by acceleration transducer 24 obtain anti-
Should compose and draw 2 points of acceleration amplitudes of D, F.
2.3) to vibration table input the corresponding sine wave signal of the second order frequency, by acceleration transducer 24 obtain anti-
Should compose and draw 2 points of acceleration amplitudes of D, F.
2.4) raw experimental data of vibration table excitation method is processed, obtain natural frequency of structures and each rank self-vibration frequency
Rate corresponds to the vibration shape.
3rd step, determines the dynamic trait of structure using exciter method：
3.1) assemble experimental provision, measure AC, CE, BD, DF length and crossbeam, column sectional dimension；
3.2) use vibrator D point utilize vibrator apply dynamic load, by acceleration transducer 24 record anti-
Should compose and show that 2 points of acceleration change curves of D, F draw the natural frequency of vibration and the vibration shape
4th step, relative analyses vibration table excitation method, the experimental result of exciter method, analytical error it was therefore concluded that.
When above-mentioned multistory frame teaching experiment model asks three layers of framework fundamental frequency experiment for method of approximation, step is as follows：
The first step, assembles experimental provision, and multistory frame structure is installed on a vibration table, and input white noise signal passes through
The response spectrum that acceleration transducer 24 records draws natural frequency of structures.
Second step, assembles experimental provision, applies to be equal to the load of each crossbeam weight in C, E, G point, records D, F, H each point
Displacement.
3rd step, is processed to second step raw experimental data, obtains natural frequency of structures using method of approximation formula, with
First step experimental result is analyzed.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：By using different chargers and measuring apparatus, multistory frame model can be carried out
Multiple experiments, including the displacement method experiment of two-layer framework, the free vibration experiment of system with several degrees of freedom, system with several degrees of freedom strong
Urgent vibration experiment, method of approximation ask compound steel frame fundamental frequency to test.Simultaneously as multistory frame structure beam height is adjustable, crossbeam matter
Amount can be adjusted by mass, experimental model flexibility and changeability, and student independently can be tested under different parameters, and acquired results can
Under different parameters, experimental result is compared, and also can contrast with the calculated results.By experimental verification, this experimental model institute
Obtain experimental result and structural mechanics calculate gained theoretical value phase ratio error very little, suitable colleges and universities carry out related education experiment and enter one
Step design is expanded.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is two story frame structure schematic diagrams；
Fig. 2 is three story frame structure schematic diagrams；
Fig. 3 is static force loading device schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is vibrator charger schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is vibration table charger schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is displacement method experiment original structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is displacement method experiment basic structure experiment schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is to survey multistory frame stiffness coefficient schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 is that the prominent loading method that unloads tests schematic diagram；
Figure 10 is vibration table exciting vibration schematic diagram；
Figure 11 is vibrator exciting vibration schematic diagram；
Figure 12 is compound steel frame vibrostand experiment schematic diagram；
Figure 13 is that method of approximation seeks compound steel frame fundamental frequency experiment schematic diagram.
In figure：1 reaction frame；2 reaction frame bases；3 crossbeams；4 bottom-layer beam；5 columns；6 beam clamp；7 bottom-layer beam fixtures；8
Mass；9 worm and gear elevator；10 force transducers；11 ball pivots；12 load bars；13 screw thread selector bars；14 column loading clamps
Tool；15 trolley platforms；16 vibrators；17 keysets；18 connecting rods；19 high-power vibrators；20 vibration exciter fixing devices；21 shake
Dynamic platform base plate；22 connecting plates；23 fine rules；24 acceleration transducers.
Specific embodiment
A kind of multistory frame teaching experiment model include multistory frame structure, static force loading device, vibrator charger,
Vibration table charger and measuring apparatus.
In described multistory frame structure, each crossbeam two ends is clamped and connected with column 5 by beam clamp 6, realizes beam column
It is rigidly connected；Described bottom-layer beam 4 two ends are clamped and connected with column 5 bottom by bottom-layer beam fixture 7, realize beam column and rigidly connect
Connect；Bottom-layer beam 4 middle part is connected with trolley platform by 2 bolts.Because transverse beam rigidity is much larger than column rigidity, crossbeam can be regarded
Rigidity is infinitely great with respect to column rigidity, no corner when multistory frame structure is only subject to lateral load it is believed that at bean column node
Move, only displacement of the lines.
Described static force loading device is as shown in figure 3, including worm and gear elevator 9, force transducer 10, ball pivot 11, adding
Carry bar 12, screw thread selector bar 13, column loads fixture 14；Described worm and gear elevator 9 one end is passed through bolt and is put down with dolly
Platform 15 is fixedly connected, and trolley platform 15 is installed on reaction frame 1 guide rail by the four of bottom pieces of slide blocks, and trolley platform 15 being capable of edge
Any adjustment position of reaction frame 1 guide rail；Described worm and gear elevator 9 other end passes through screw thread with force transducer 10 one end even
Connect；The described other end of force transducer 10, ball pivot 11, load bar 12, one end of screw thread selector bar 13 pass sequentially through screw thread even
Connect；The other end of described screw thread selector bar 13 is connected with beam clamp 6 by screw thread, and there is the spiral shell of coupling beam clamp 6 side
Pit；Or the other end of screw thread selector bar 13 is connected with column loads fixture 14 by screw thread, and column loads fixture 14 is passed through
The mode of clamping is arranged on any position of column 5.Described ball pivot 11 avoids charger by the freely rotatable of its own
Frame structure is produced with the impact of moment of flexure, during experimenter's load or unload, can be by the handss in rotation of worm gear worm screw elevator
Wheel, realizes loading and unloading to framework frame structure, and by force transducer 10 show on computers added by load.
Described vibrator charger is as shown in figure 4, include vibrator 16, keyset 17, connecting rod 18, power amplification
Device and vibration controller；Described vibrator 16 one end is fixedly connected with keyset 17 by bolt, and keyset 17 passes through spiral shell again
Bolt is connected with trolley platform 15；Described vibrator 16 other end is connected with connecting rod 18 by screw thread, and connecting rod 18 passes through spiral shell
Stricture of vagina is connected with beam clamp 6；Vibrator 16 is connected with power amplifier, vibration controller by data wire, and both control and swash afterwards
Shake device 16, excitation power load, and inputs excited frequency by computer, adjusts exciting by the gain knob on vibration controller
Power amplitude.
Described vibration table charger is as shown in figure 5, including high-power vibrator 19, vibration exciter fixing device 20, shaking
Dynamic platform base plate 21 and connecting plate 22；The bottom of described vibration exciter fixing device 20 and vibration table base plate 21 is all by bolt and reality
Test room floor to connect；Described high-power vibrator 19 is fixedly connected with vibration exciter fixing device 20 side by bolt；Connect
Plate 22 is connected with vibration table base plate 21 top by ball, and described connecting plate 22 can relative be slided with vibration table base plate 21,
Connecting plate 22 is provided with bolt hole；Bottom-layer beam 4 is connected with connecting plate 22 by bolt；Described high-power vibrator 19 passes through number
It is connected with power amplifier, vibration controller according to line, both are used for controlling high-power vibrator 19, excitation power load afterwards, lead to
Cross computer input excited frequency, amplitude of exciting force is adjusted by the gain knob on vibration controller.
Described measuring apparatus include force transducer 10, acceleration transducer 24 and amesdial.Described force transducer is surveyed
The dead load value that amount worm and gear elevator is applied to multistory frame structure；Described amesdial, table body passes through Magnetic gauge stand
It is fixed on dial framework, measurement bar can be in direct contact with the optional position of multistory frame structure, exist for measuring multistory frame structure
Each point displacement under dead load effect；Described acceleration transducer can be fixed in multistory frame structure beam clamp 6, is used for
The absolute acceleration values of measurement crossbeam under dynamic load function for the multistory frame structure.Amesdial can be directly in the liquid carrying
Brilliant screen above reading, other measuring apparatus are connected with computer by data wire, and by the data collection and analysis system in computer
System makes every data visualization.
Above-mentioned multistory frame teaching experiment model can be used in the free vibration reality of displacement method experiment, Double Degree of Freedom System
Test, the forced-vibration experimentation of Double Degree of Freedom System and method of approximation ask three layers of framework fundamental frequency experiment, specific experiment step is as follows：
When above-mentioned multistory frame teaching experiment model is used for displacement method experiment, comprise the following steps that：
The first step, assembles two story frame structures, as shown in fig. 6, and determining each experimental point position, as shown in figure 1, bottom-layer beam
4 two ends mark A, B, ground floor crossbeam 3 marks C, D, and second layer crossbeam 3 marks E, F, and A, C, E are located at left side column, B, D, F position
In right side uprights；The middle part mark G of F and D.Spacing between test crossbeam 3, i.e. the length of AC, CE, BD, DF, to multistory frame
Teaching experiment model carries out prestrain, and balances force transducer.
Second step, is further applied load F by static force loading device in G pointp, measure the horizontal displacement Δ of ground floor crossbeam 3CD surveys
Horizontal displacement Δ with second layer crossbeam 3EF surveys.
3rd step, repeats second step and tests at least three times.
4th step, is applied by two static force loading devices respectively in ground floor crossbeam 3C point and second layer crossbeam 3E point simultaneously
Plus horizontal restraint, such as Fig. 7 assembles experimental provision, is further applied load F in G pointp, measure the anti-of C point and E two static force loading devices of point
Power VCPAnd VEP.
5th step, repeat step (4) is tested at least three times.
6th step, such as Fig. 8 assemble experimental provision, remove the static force loading device of G point, balance force transducer；Apply in C point
Hierarchical level displacementC, measure C point and counter-force V of E two static force loading devices of pointCCAnd VEC；After being loaded into highest displacement,
Unloading.
7th step, repeats the 6th step and tests at least three times, by formulaObtain just
Degree coefficient kCC、kEC.
8th step, balances force transducer, applies hierarchical level displacement in E pointE, measure C point and two static loadings of E point
Counter-force V of deviceCEAnd VEE；After being loaded into highest displacement, unloading.
9th step, repeat step (8) is tested at least three times, by formulaObtain just
Degree coefficient kCEAnd kEE.
Tenth step, the result that above step obtains, according to displacement method Basic equation group, obtains derived value ΔCD derives、ΔEF derives.
11st step, relative analyses ΔCD surveys、ΔEF surveysAnd ΔCD derives、ΔEF derives, analytical error it was therefore concluded that.
When the free vibration that above-mentioned multistory frame teaching experiment model is used for Double Degree of Freedom System is tested, step is as follows：
The first step, assembles two story frame structures, as shown in fig. 6, and determining each experimental point position, as shown in figure 1, bottom-layer beam
4 two ends mark A, B, ground floor crossbeam 3 marks C, D, and second layer crossbeam 3 marks E, F, and A, C, E are located at left side column, B, D, F position
In right side uprights；The middle part mark G of F and D.Spacing between test crossbeam 3, i.e. the length of AC, CE, BD, DF；
Second step, determines the dynamic trait of structure using survey stiffness coefficient method
2.1) as Fig. 8 assembles experimental provision, balance force transducer；Apply hierarchical level displacement in C pointC, measure C point and
Counter-force V of E two static force loading devices of pointCCAnd VEC；After being loaded into highest displacement, unloading.
2.2) repeat the 6th step to test at least three times, by formulaObtain stiffness coefficient
kCC、kEC.
2.3) balance force transducer, apply hierarchical level displacement in E pointE, measure C point and two static loading dresses of E point
Counter-force V putCEAnd VEE；After being loaded into highest displacement, unloading.
2.4) repeat step (8) is tested at least three times, by formulaObtain rigidity system
Number kCEAnd kEE.
2.5) utilize the dynamic trait of stiffness coefficient and crossbeam Mass Calculation frame structure, including natural frequency of structures with shake
Type.
3rd step, unloads, using prominent, the dynamic trait that loading method determines structure
3.1) as Fig. 9 assembling experimental provision (various point locations are with reference to Fig. 1), using 23 worm and gear elevator (9) of fine rule
It is connected with frame structure, apply initial displacement y in point F0,
3.2) after system quiescence, cut off fine rule, 2 points of acceleration of D, F are drawn by the response spectrum that acceleration transducer 24 records
Degree change curve, obtains natural frequency of structures and each rank natural frequency of vibration corresponds to the vibration shape.
4th step, stiffness coefficient method, the prominent experimental result unloading loading method are surveyed in relative analyses, analytical error it was therefore concluded that.
When above-mentioned multistory frame teaching experiment model is used for the forced-vibration experimentation of Double Degree of Freedom System, step is as follows：
The first step, assembles two story frame structures, as shown in fig. 6, and determining each experimental point position, as shown in figure 1, bottom-layer beam
4 two ends mark A, B, ground floor crossbeam 3 marks C, D, and second layer crossbeam 3 marks E, F, and A, C, E are located at left side column, B, D, F position
In right side uprights；The middle part mark G of F and D.Spacing between test crossbeam 3, i.e. the length of AC, CE, BD, DF；
Second step, determines the dynamic trait of structure using vibration table excitation method：
2.1) as Figure 10 assembling experimental provision (various point locations are with reference to Fig. 1), measure AC, CE, BD, DF length and crossbeam, stand
Column cross-section size (various point locations are with reference to Fig. 1), multistory frame structure is arranged on vibration table charger, input white noise is believed
Number, natural frequency of structures is drawn by the response spectrum that acceleration transducer 24 records.
2.2) to vibration table input the corresponding sine wave signal of the first order frequency, by acceleration transducer 24 obtain anti-
Should compose and draw 2 points of acceleration amplitudes of D, F.
2.3) input the corresponding sine wave signal of the second order frequency to vibration table, obtained by acceleration transducer (24)
Response spectrum draws 2 points of acceleration amplitudes of D, F.
2.4) raw experimental data of vibration table excitation method is processed, obtain natural frequency of structures and each rank self-vibration frequency
Rate corresponds to the vibration shape.
3rd step, determines the dynamic trait of structure using exciter method：
3.1) as Figure 11 assembling experimental provision (various point locations are with reference to Fig. 1), measure AC, CE, BD, DF, length and crossbeam, stand
Column cross-section size (various point locations are with reference to Fig. 1)
3.2) use vibrator D point utilize vibrator apply dynamic load, by acceleration transducer 24 record anti-
Should compose and show that 2 points of acceleration change curves of D, F draw the natural frequency of vibration and the vibration shape
4th step, relative analyses vibration table excitation method, the experimental result of exciter method, analytical error it was therefore concluded that.
When above-mentioned multistory frame teaching experiment model asks three layers of framework fundamental frequency experiment for method of approximation, step is as follows：
The first step, such as Figure 12 assembling experimental provision (various point locations are with reference to Fig. 2), multistory frame structure is arranged on vibration table
On, input white noise signal, natural frequency of structures is drawn by the response spectrum that acceleration transducer 24 records.
Second step, such as Figure 13 assembling experimental provision (various point locations are with reference to Fig. 2) apply to be equal to each crossbeam weight in C, E, G point
The load of amount, records the displacement of D, F, H each point.
3rd step, is processed to second step raw experimental data, obtains natural frequency of structures using method of approximation formula, with
First step experimental result is analyzed.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of multistory frame teaching experiment model is it is characterised in that include multistory frame structure, static force loading device, exciting
Device charger, vibration table charger and measuring apparatus；
Described multiple-story rigid frame structure includes multiple crossbeams (3), bottom-layer beam (4), two columns (5), beam clamp (6) and bottom
Beam fixture (7)；Each described crossbeam two ends are clamped and connected with column (5) by beam clamp (6), realize beam column and rigidly connect
Connect；Described bottom-layer beam (4) two ends are clamped and connected with column (5) bottom by bottom-layer beam fixture (7), realize beam column and rigidly connect
Connect；Bottom-layer beam is connected with trolley platform in the middle part of (4)；
Described vibrator charger includes vibrator (16), keyset (17), connecting rod (18), power amplifier and vibration
Controller；Described vibrator (16) one end is fixedly connected with keyset (17), keyset (17) again with trolley platform (15) phase
Even；Described vibrator (16) other end is connected with connecting rod (18), and connecting rod (18) is connected with beam clamp (6)；Vibrator
(16) it is connected with power amplifier, vibration controller by data wire；
Described vibration table charger includes high-power vibrator (19), vibration exciter fixing device (20), vibration table base plate
And connecting plate (22) (21)；Described vibration exciter fixing device (20) is installed in laboratory with the bottom of vibration table base plate (21)
Ground；Described high-power vibrator (19) is fixedly connected with vibration exciter fixing device (20) side；Connecting plate (22) passes through rolling
Pearl is connected with vibration table base plate (21) top, and described connecting plate (22) can relative be slided with vibration table base plate (21)；Bottom
Beam (4) is by being connected with connecting plate (22)；Described high-power vibrator (19) passes through data wire and power amplifier, vibration control
Instrument processed is connected；Worm and gear elevator (9) in described static force loading device is shown on computers by force transducer (10)
Show added load；
Described measuring apparatus include force transducer (10), acceleration transducer (24) and amesdial；Described amesdial passes through
Magnetic gauge stand is fixed on dial framework (25)；Described acceleration transducer is fixed in multistory frame structure beam clamp (6)；Survey
Amount equipment is connected with computer by data wire, and makes every data visualization by the data acquisition and analysis system in computer
Change.
2. a kind of multistory frame teaching experiment model according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described crossbeam number root
Factually test and need to adjust, be 1 to 3, each horizontal depth of beam and quality all can adjust；Described crossbeam and mass (8)
Connect, crossbeam quality is adjusted by mass (8).
3. using the multistory frame teaching experiment model described in claim 1 or 2 can be used in displacement method experiment it is characterised in that
Following steps：
The first step, assembles two story frame structures, and determines each experimental point position, and bottom-layer beam (4) two ends mark A, B, and ground floor is horizontal
Beam (3) marks C, D, and second layer crossbeam (3) marks E, F, and A, C, E are located at left side column, and B, D, F are located at right side uprights；F's and D
Middle part mark G；Spacing between test crossbeam (3), i.e. the length of AC, CE, BD, DF, multistory frame teaching experiment model is entered
Row prestrain, and balance force transducer；
Second step, is further applied load F by static force loading device in G pointp, measure the horizontal displacement Δ of ground floor crossbeam (3)CD surveysWith
The horizontal displacement Δ of second layer crossbeam (3)EF surveys；
3rd step, repeats second step and tests at least three times；
4th step, is applied by two static force loading devices respectively in ground floor crossbeam (3) C point and second layer crossbeam (3) E point simultaneously
Plus horizontal restraint, it is further applied load F in G pointp, measure C point and counter-force V of E two static force loading devices of pointCPAnd VEP；
5th step, repeats the 4th step and tests at least three times；
6th step, removes the static force loading device of G point, balances force transducer；Apply hierarchical level displacement in C pointC, measure C point
Counter-force V with E two static force loading devices of pointCCAnd VEC；After being loaded into highest displacement, unloading；
7th step, repeats the 8th step and tests at least three times, obtain stiffness coefficient kCC、kEC；
8th step, balances force transducer, applies hierarchical level displacement in E pointE, measure C point and two static force loading devices of E point
Counter-force VCEAnd VEE；After being loaded into highest displacement, unloading；
9th step, repeats the 8th step and tests at least three times, obtain stiffness coefficient kCEAnd kEE；
Tenth step, the result that above step obtains, according to displacement method Basic equation group, obtains derived value ΔCD derives、ΔEF derives；
11st step, relative analyses ΔCD surveys、ΔEF surveysAnd ΔCD derives、ΔEF derives, analytical error it was therefore concluded that.
4. freely shaking of Double Degree of Freedom System be can be used in using the multistory frame teaching experiment model described in claim 1 or 2
Dynamic experiment is it is characterised in that following steps：
The first step, assembles two story frame structures, and determines each experimental point position, as shown in figure 1, bottom-layer beam (4) two ends mark A,
B, ground floor crossbeam (3) marks C, D, and second layer crossbeam (3) marks E, F, and A, C, E are located at left side column, and B, D, F are located at right side and stand
Post；The middle part mark G of F and D；Spacing between test crossbeam (3), i.e. the length of AC, CE, BD, DF；
Second step, determines the dynamic trait of structure using survey stiffness coefficient method
2.1) assemble experimental provision, balance force transducer；Apply hierarchical level displacement in C pointC, measure C point and E point two be quiet
Counter-force V of force loading deviceCCAnd VEC；After being loaded into highest displacement, unloading；
2.2) repeat the 6th step to test at least three times, obtain stiffness coefficient kCC、kEC；
2.3) balance force transducer, apply hierarchical level displacement in E pointE, measure the anti-of C point and E two static force loading devices of point
Power VCEAnd VEE；After being loaded into highest displacement, unloading；
2.4) repeat the 8th step to test at least three times, obtain stiffness coefficient kCEAnd kEE；
2.5) utilize the dynamic trait of stiffness coefficient and crossbeam Mass Calculation frame structure, including natural frequency of structures and the vibration shape；
3rd step, unloads, using prominent, the dynamic trait that loading method determines structure
3.1) assemble experimental provision, using fine rule (23), worm and gear elevator (9) is connected with frame structure, apply in point F
Initial displacement y0,
3.2) after system quiescence, cut off fine rule (23), show that 2 points of D, F adds by the response spectrum that acceleration transducer (24) records
Speed change curves, obtain natural frequency of structures and each rank natural frequency of vibration corresponds to the vibration shape；
4th step, stiffness coefficient method, the prominent experimental result unloading loading method are surveyed in relative analyses, analytical error it was therefore concluded that.
5. can be used in forcing of Double Degree of Freedom System using the multistory frame teaching experiment model described in claim 1 or 2 to shake
Dynamic experiment is it is characterised in that following steps：
The first step, assembles two story frame structures, and determines each experimental point position, and bottom-layer beam (4) two ends mark A, B, and ground floor is horizontal
Beam (3) marks C, D, and second layer crossbeam (3) marks E, F, and A, C, E are located at left side column, and B, D, F are located at right side uprights；F's and D
Middle part mark G；Spacing between test crossbeam (3), i.e. the length of AC, CE, BD, DF；
Second step, determines the dynamic trait of structure using vibration table excitation method：
2.1) measure AC, CE, BD, DF length and crossbeam, column sectional dimension (various point locations are with reference to Fig. 1), multiple-story rigid frame is tied
Structure is arranged on vibration table charger, input white noise signal, is drawn by the response spectrum that acceleration transducer (24) records
Natural frequency of structures；
2.2) the corresponding sine wave signal of the first order frequency, the reaction obtaining by acceleration transducer (24) are inputted to vibration table
Spectrum draws 2 points of acceleration amplitudes of D, F；
2.3) the corresponding sine wave signal of the second order frequency, the reaction obtaining by acceleration transducer (24) are inputted to vibration table
Spectrum draws 2 points of acceleration amplitudes of D, F；
2.4) raw experimental data of vibration table excitation method is processed, obtain natural frequency of structures and each rank natural frequency of vibration pair
Answer the vibration shape；
3rd step, determines the dynamic trait of structure using exciter method：
3.1) assemble experimental provision, measure AC, CE, BD, DF, CD, EF, CG length and crossbeam, column sectional dimension；
3.2) vibrator is used to utilize vibrator to apply dynamic load, the reaction recording by acceleration transducer (24) in D point
Spectrum show that 2 points of acceleration change curves of D, F draw the natural frequency of vibration and the vibration shape
4th step, relative analyses vibration table excitation method, the experimental result of exciter method, analytical error it was therefore concluded that.
6. method of approximation be can be used in using the multistory frame teaching experiment model described in claim 1 or 2 and seek three layers of rigid frame fundamental frequency
Experiment is it is characterised in that following steps：
The first step, assembles experimental provision, and multiple-story rigid frame structure is installed on a vibration table, and input white noise signal, by accelerating
The response spectrum that degree sensor (24) records draws natural frequency of structures；
Second step, applies to be equal to the load of each crossbeam weight in C, E, G point, records the displacement of D, F, H each point；
3rd step, is processed to second step raw experimental data, obtains natural frequency of structures using method of approximation formula, with first
Step experimental result is analyzed.
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