CN105206142A - Displacement visualizing experimental device for teaching - Google Patents
Displacement visualizing experimental device for teaching Download PDFInfo
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- CN105206142A CN105206142A CN201510707959.3A CN201510707959A CN105206142A CN 105206142 A CN105206142 A CN 105206142A CN 201510707959 A CN201510707959 A CN 201510707959A CN 105206142 A CN105206142 A CN 105206142A
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- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
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Abstract
The invention provides a displacement visualizing experimental device for teaching. The device includes a rigid frame structure, a worm-gear loading device, a support and restraining device, a corner restraining and loading device and measuring equipment, wherein the rigid frame structure is formed through connecting mutually perpendicular rectangular thin-walled rod pieces through rigid node trays; the worm-gear loading device can be used for loading and unloading the rigid frame structure; the support and restraining device includes restraining support of the rigid frame structure and counter-force frames; the support and restraining device of the rigid frame structure includes a fixing support and a hinged support; the counter-force frames include counter-force racks and bases; the corner restraining and loading device can be used for measuring the angular displacement values through corner sensors; the measuring equipment includes a force sensor, strain gages and a corner sensor. The device has the following advantages: experimental models are flexible to change, and different sub-part experimental models can be assembled according to requirements of experiment contents, so that displacement method experiments through various methods can be carried out, and mutual comparison and theoretical result comparison are facilitated through results obtained through various methods.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to civil engineering structural mechanics experimental teaching field, relate to a kind of by the experimental provision of displacement method visualize.
Background technology
Structural mechanics is institution of higher learning's civil engineering mandatory subjects, and wherein displacement method is the basic skills that structural mechanics solves hyperstatic structure inner force and displacement under static load.
Hyperstatic structure is computationally different from statically determinate structure, and the internal force of hyperstatic structure can not singly be obtained from static balance condition, must consider deformation compatibility condition simultaneously.In order to the convenience of computational problem, choose wherein a part of as fundamental unknown variables in all unknown quantitys of hyperstatic structure of being everlasting.Displacement method gets some displacement to make fundamental unknown variables, solves a kind of method of hyperstatic structure according to static balance condition.
The teaching method mainly theory teaching of current institution of higher learning structural mechanics, owing to lacking the experimental verification to correlation theory, causes part classmate to understand not deep enough to correlation theory, even throws doubt upon to correlation theory.The inexorable trend that experiment content is Teaching of Structural Mechanics development is from now on introduced in the daily teaching of institution of higher learning's structural mechanics.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, change the present situation lacking related experiment content in current Teaching of Structural Mechanics, invent a kind of by the experiment device for teaching of displacement method visualize, this experiment device for teaching can realize the experiment of the structural mechanics displacement method content of courses, realize the checking to displacement law theory, and the reason of experimental error can be found out with the difference of theory by experiment, make classmates in personal practice with in analyzing, the knowwhy of more deep understanding displacement method.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of the experiment device for teaching of displacement method visualize to be made up of rigid frame structure, worm and gear charger, restricted joint angle and charger, support and restraint device and measuring equipment.
Described rigid frame structure is made up of vertical rectangular thin-wall rod member 3a, horizontal rectangle thin-walled bar 3b and rigid joint dish 4a.Vertical rectangular thin-wall rod member 3a one end is connected with the reeded rigid joint dish 4a of band by bolt; The other end is connected with the reeded rigid joint dish 4b of band by bolt, realizes the connection of rigid frame structure and hold-down support.Horizontal rectangle thin-walled bar 3b one end is connected with the reeded rigid joint dish 4a of band by bolt; The other end is connected with the reeded pin joint dish 5 of band by bolt, realizes the connection of rigid frame structure and hinged-support.Rigid joint dish and pin joint dish all adopt the rigidity identical with institute link member, by rigidity model such as bolt and node dish are connected to form.
Described worm and gear charger is made up of worm and gear lifter 6, load bar 9, ball pivot 8 and rod member fixture 10.Worm and gear lifter 6 one end is fixedly connected with trolley platform 12a by bolt, and trolley platform 12a is installed on reaction frame 1 guide rail by four pieces of slide blocks of bottom, and trolley platform 12a can adjust arbitrarily height along reaction frame 1 guide rail; Worm and gear lifter 6 other end is connected with force snesor 7 by screw thread, worm and gear lifter 6 by rotation hand wheel to rigid frame structure load application; Force snesor 7 is connected with ball pivot 8 by screw thread, and ball pivot 8 is connected with load bar 9 by screw thread, and load bar 9 is connected with rod member fixture 10 by screw thread, and ball pivot 8 avoids charger to produce the impact of moment of flexure to rigid frame structure by freely rotating of himself; Rod member fixture 10 comprises the rod member intermediate plate 24 of pin 23, load bar web member 22 size different from two pieces; There is pin-and-hole large rod member intermediate plate 24 side, and there is pin-and-hole load bar web member 22 side, the two is linked together by pin 23; Rectangular thin-wall rod member 3a passes perpendicularly through the groove that two pieces of rod member intermediate plates 24 are formed, and every block rod member intermediate plate 24 has four bolts hole, is connected by rectangular thin-wall rod member 3a by bolt with rod member intermediate plate 24; Rod member fixture 10 can realize charger and be connected with horizontal thin-walled bar 3b or vertical thin-walled bar 3a, avoids moment of flexure transmission by rod member fixture 10 latch structure simultaneously.By worm and gear charger, realize the loading and unloading to rigid frame structure, worm and gear charger can apply pulling force and pressure by Non-follow control, shows added load on computers, realize the loading and unloading to rigid frame structure by force snesor 7.
Restricted joint angle and charger are made up of to follow-up work bench 20, torque sensor 18 and leading screw reductor 19 X-Y, and X-Y is made up of to follow-up work bench 20 horizontal guide rail 13d, upright guide rail 13c, trolley platform 12f and trolley platform 12g.Torque sensor 18 one end is bolted on rigid joint dish 4a, and the other end inserts in leading screw reductor 19; Leading screw reductor 19 is installed on trolley platform 12f by bolt, and trolley platform 12f is connected with upright guide rail 13c by slide block, and upright guide rail 13c passes through bolt
withtrolley platform 12g is connected, and trolley platform 12g is connected with horizontal guide rail 13d by slide block, and horizontal guide rail 13d is connected by the dull and stereotyped middle part of bolt and lateral reaction frame 21.X-Y can make restricted joint angle and charger move along horizontal guide rail 13d and upright guide rail 13c freely with structure to follow-up work bench 20; Restricted joint angle and charger can be used for retraining rigid frame structure in the rotation of rigid joint dish 4a, can measure by torque sensor the moment of torsion that rigid frame structure produces at node place; Restricted joint angle and charger by applying moment of torsion to rigid frame structure rigid joint dish 4a, can also make rigid frame structure produce angular displacement at node place, can measure angular displacement numerical value by rotary angle transmitter.
Supporting and restraint device are made up of the constraint supporting of reaction frame and rigid frame structure.
Described reaction frame is the various ways such as " L " shape rigid frame, door shape rigid frame, and be made up of reaction frame 1, lateral reaction frame 21 and base 2, base 2 has two, is fixed on the sill bottom of reaction frame 1, for supporting whole device.Described reaction frame 1 is made up of two, the left and right column of two crossbeams and the built-in guide rail up and down of built-in guide rail, each crossbeam and column can fix worm and gear lifter 6 and trolley platform, sill fixes trolley platform 12b, and trolley platform 12a fixed by a heel post; Lateral reaction frame 21 is made up of dull and stereotyped and column, and column is connected with reaction frame 1 lower and upper cross-member down through slide block, and flat board is connected with column by slide block, and flat board can slide up and down on column; Lateral reaction frame 21 is for installing angle constraint and charger, and dull and stereotyped middle part is connected to the horizontal guide rail 13d of follow-up work bench with X-Y by bolt.
The constraint supporting of described rigid frame structure comprises hold-down support and fixed-hinged support.Hold-down support is made up of horizontal seat sensor 11a, vertical support sensor 11b, rigid joint dish 4b; Card extender bottom is connected with trolley platform 12b by bolt, and card extender side is connected with horizontal seat sensor 11a by bolt; Horizontal seat sensor 11a inserts and arranges reeded rigid joint dish 4b, is connected with it by bolt; Vertical support sensor 11b upper end is inserted in rigid joint dish 4b, and lower end is connected with trolley platform 12b by bolt, and trolley platform 12b is fixed on reaction frame sill.Fixed-hinged support is made up of horizontal seat sensor 11c, vertical support sensor 11d, pin joint dish 5, hinged-support horizontal guide rail 13a, hinged-support vertical guide 13b, trolley platform 12c, trolley platform 12d, trolley platform 12e, screw-threaded shaft elevator 15 and box platform 16, wherein horizontal seat sensor 11c is detachable, makes fixed-hinged support change movable hinged shoe into; Horizontal seat sensor 11c and vertical support sensor 11d one end are inserted and are arranged in reeded pin joint dish 5, and are connected with it by bolt; The vertical support sensor 11d other end is connected with horizontal guide rail 13a by trolley platform 12d, and the horizontal seat sensor 11c other end is connected with vertical guide 13b by trolley platform 12c.Horizontal guide rail 13a is arranged on box platform 16 by bolt; Vertical guide 13b is arranged on card extender side by bolt, and card extender opposite side is connected with web member 14, and card extender bottom is connected on horizontal guide rail 13a by trolley platform 12e.Screw-threaded shaft elevator 15 is arranged on box platform 16 side, is connected with card extender by web member 14, and can be used for rigid frame structure restriction or apply horizontal shift, box platform 16 is fixed on reaction frame sill.
Measuring equipment comprises force snesor 7, foil gauge and rotary angle transmitter 17.Strain gauge adhesion, at rectangular thin-wall rod member both sides diverse location, passes through surveyed strain value and calculates rod member internal force size; Force snesor 7 records the payload values that worm and gear lifter 6 pairs of rigid frame structure apply; Rotary angle transmitter 17 is fixed on the rigid joint dish 4a of rigid frame structure, can record the corner of rigid joint Pan Chu; Above measuring equipment is connected with computing machine by data acquisition and analysis system, carries out Real-Time Monitoring by computing machine to every data.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the experimentally needs of content, displacement method experimental provision can assemble different branch's empirical models, and can carry out the displacement method experiment of multiple method, various method acquired results is convenient to contrast mutually and is contrasted with notional result.This device structure set Experiments of Machanics model, charger and measurement mechanism are in one, and experimentally the needs of content can paste foil gauge at the diverse location of rod member, load, empirical model flexibility and changeability at the diverse location of rod member.Verify by experiment, it is very little that this displacement method experimental provision experimental results and structural mechanics calculate gained theoretical value phase ratio error, and applicable colleges and universities carry out relevant education experiment and design expansion further.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is restricted joint angle and charger vertical view.
Fig. 2 is worm and gear charger detail drawing.
Fig. 3 is means for jointing rods detail drawing.
Fig. 4 is experimental provision inner structure detail drawing.
Fig. 5 is displacement method experimental provision no sway rigid frame original structure figure.
Fig. 6 is that displacement method experimental provision load acts solely on no sway rigid frame figure.
Fig. 7 is that displacement method experimental provision node corner acts solely on no sway rigid frame figure.
Fig. 8 is displacement method experimental provision side moves rigid frame original structure figure.
Fig. 9 is that displacement method experimental provision load and horizontal line displacement act on side moves rigid frame figure.
Figure 10 is that displacement method experimental provision node corner and horizontal line displacement act on side moves rigid frame figure.
In figure: 1 reaction frame; 2 bases; The vertical rectangular thin-wall rod member of 3a; The horizontal rectangle thin-walled bar of 3b; 4a rigid joint dish; 4b rigid joint dish; 5 pin joint dishes; 6 worm and gear lifters; 7 force snesor; 8 ball pivots; 9 load bars; 10 rod member fixtures; 11a horizontal seat sensor; 11b vertical support sensor; 11c horizontal seat sensor; 11d vertical support sensor; 12a trolley platform; 12b trolley platform; 12c trolley platform; 12d trolley platform; 12e trolley platform; 12f trolley platform; 12g trolley platform; 13a hinged-support horizontal guide rail; 13b hinged-support vertical guide; 13c vertical guide; 13d horizontal guide rail; 14 web members; 15 screw-threaded shaft elevators; 16 box platforms; 17 rotary angle transmitters; 18 torque sensors; 19 leading screw reductors; 20X-Y is to follow-up work bench; 21 lateral reaction framves; 22 load bar web members; 23 pins; 24 rod member intermediate plates.
Embodiment
The present invention applies node corner, displacement of the lines by load application on rigid frame structure rod member or at rigid frame structure node place, measures the inner force and displacement of structure in the experiment of each branch.Application theorem on displacement, superposes the inner force and displacement of structure under load and each displacement independent role, solves the inner force and displacement of load action on rigid frame structure, the correctness of checking theorem on displacement.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, embodiments of the present invention are described further.The concrete installation of experimental provision and embodiment as follows:
Embodiment 1: the displacement method experiment of no sway rigid frame
Fig. 5 is displacement method experimental provision no sway rigid frame original structure figure.
Rigid frame structure is made up of vertical rectangular thin-wall rod member 3a, horizontal rectangle thin-walled bar 3b and rigid joint dish 4a.Vertical rectangular thin-wall rod member 3a one end is connected with the reeded rigid joint dish 4a of band by bolt; The other end is connected with the reeded rigid joint dish 4b of band by bolt, realizes the connection of rigid frame structure and hold-down support.Horizontal rectangle thin-walled bar 3b one end is connected with the reeded rigid joint dish 4a of band by bolt; The other end is connected with the reeded pin joint dish 5 of band by bolt, realizes the connection of rigid frame structure and hinged-support.
Worm and gear charger is by worm and gear lifter 6, force snesor 7, ball pivot 8, load bar 9 and rod member fixture 10, and head and the tail are threaded connection and form successively.Rod member fixture 10 is connected with vertical thin-walled bar 3a, to rigid frame structure load application.
Strain gauge adhesion, at rectangular thin-wall rod member 3a, 3b both sides diverse location, passes through surveyed strain value and calculates rod member internal force size; Force snesor 7 records the payload values that worm and gear lifter 6 pairs of rigid frame structure apply; Rotary angle transmitter 17 is fixed on the rigid joint dish 4a of rigid frame structure, can record the corner of rigid joint Pan4aChu; Above measuring equipment is all connected to computing machine, carries out Real-Time Monitoring by computing machine to every data.
Fig. 6 is that displacement method experimental provision load acts solely on no sway rigid frame figure.
The mounting means of Fig. 6 structure is on the basis of Fig. 5 structure, on lateral reaction frame 21 after rigid joint dish 4a, install the restricted joint angle be made up of to follow-up work bench 20 torque sensor 18, leading screw reductor 19 and X-Y as shown in Figure 1 and charger, restriction rigid frame structure is in the rotation of rigid joint Pan4Chu.By above-mentioned worm and gear charger to rigid frame load application, by adjustment restricted joint angle and charger, make rigid frame structure be zero at rotary angle transmitter 17 place corner, record the moment of torsion that torque sensor 18 bears simultaneously.
Fig. 7 is that displacement method experimental provision node corner acts solely on no sway rigid frame figure.The mounting means of Fig. 7 structure is on the basis of Fig. 6 structure, removes above-mentioned worm and gear charger.By restricted joint angle and charger, at rigid joint Pan4Chu, moment of torsion being applied to rigid frame structure, by being installed on the rotary angle transmitter 17 on rigid joint dish 4, measuring the corner of rigid frame structure at rigid joint Pan4Chu.
Embodiment 2: the displacement method experiment of side moves rigid frame
Fig. 8 is displacement method experimental provision side moves rigid frame original structure figure.The mounting means of Fig. 8 structure is on the basis of Fig. 5 structure, removes the horizontal seat sensor 11c at fixed-hinged support place, makes fixed-hinged support change movable hinged shoe into.By above-mentioned worm and gear charger to rigid frame structure load application, and by the rotary angle transmitter 17 be installed on rigid joint dish 4a, record the corner that rigid frame structure under load action produces at rigid joint Pan4aChu.
Fig. 9 is that displacement method experimental provision load and horizontal line displacement act on side moves rigid frame figure.The mounting means of Fig. 9 structure is on the basis of Fig. 6 structure, removes the horizontal seat sensor 11c at fixed-hinged support place, makes fixed-hinged support change movable hinged shoe into.By above-mentioned worm and gear charger to rigid frame load application, by adjustment restricted joint angle and charger, make rigid frame structure be zero at rotary angle transmitter 17 place corner, record the moment of torsion that torque sensor 18 bears simultaneously.
Figure 10 is that displacement method experimental provision node corner and horizontal line displacement act on side moves rigid frame figure.The mounting means of Figure 10 structure is on the basis of Fig. 7 structure, removes the horizontal seat sensor 11c at fixed-hinged support place, makes fixed-hinged support change movable hinged shoe into.By restricted joint angle and charger, at rigid joint Pan4Chu, moment of torsion being applied to rigid frame structure, by being installed on the rotary angle transmitter 17 on rigid joint dish 4, measuring the corner of rigid frame structure at rigid joint Pan4Chu.
Claims (3)
1. by an experiment device for teaching for displacement method visualize, it is characterized in that, comprise rigid frame structure, worm and gear charger, restricted joint angle and charger, support and restraint device and measuring equipment;
Described rigid frame structure is made up of vertical rectangular thin-wall rod member (3a), horizontal rectangle thin-walled bar (3b) and rigid joint dish (4a); Vertical rectangular thin-wall rod member (3a) one end is fixedly connected with rigid joint dish (4a), and the other end is fixedly connected with rigid joint dish (4b), realizes the connection of rigid frame structure and hold-down support; Horizontal rectangle thin-walled bar (3b) one end is fixedly connected with rigid joint dish (4a), and the other end is fixedly connected with pin joint dish (5), realizes being fixedly connected with of rigid frame structure and hinged-support;
Described worm and gear charger is made up of worm and gear lifter (6), load bar (9), ball pivot (8) and rod member fixture (10); Worm and gear lifter (6) one end is fixedly connected with trolley platform (12a), trolley platform (12a) is installed on reaction frame (1) guide rail, trolley platform (12a) can along reaction frame (1) guide rail adjustment height, worm and gear lifter (6) other end is connected with force snesor (7), worm and gear lifter (6) by rotation hand wheel to rigid frame structure load application; Force snesor (7), ball pivot (8), load bar (9) and rod member fixture (10) are threaded connection successively; Rod member fixture (10) realizes the connection of charger and horizontal thin-walled bar (3b) or vertical thin-walled bar (3a), rod member fixture (10) comprises pin (23), load bar web member (22) and rod member intermediate plate (24), load bar web member (22) is connected by pin (23) with rod member intermediate plate (24), and rectangular thin-wall rod member (3a) passes perpendicularly through groove that rod member intermediate plate (24) formed and is fixedly connected with rod member intermediate plate (24); Non-follow control worm and gear charger applies pulling force and pressure to rigid frame structure, shows added load on computers by force snesor (7);
Described restricted joint angle and charger are made up of to follow-up work bench (20), torque sensor (18) and leading screw reductor (19) X-Y, and X-Y is made up of to follow-up work bench (20) horizontal guide rail (13d), upright guide rail (13c), trolley platform (12f) and trolley platform (12g); Torque sensor (18) one end is fixedly connected with rigid joint dish (4a), and the other end inserts in leading screw reductor (19); Leading screw reductor (19) is installed on trolley platform (12f), trolley platform (12f) is connected with upright guide rail (13c), upright guide rail (13c) is connected with trolley platform (12g), trolley platform (12g) is connected with horizontal guide rail (13d), and horizontal guide rail (13d) is connected with the dull and stereotyped middle part of lateral reaction frame (21); X-Y realizes restricted joint angle and charger along horizontal guide rail (13d) and upright guide rail (13c) free movement to follow-up work bench (20), restricted joint angle and charger are by applying moment of torsion to rigid joint dish (4a), produce angular displacement at rigid frame structure at node place, measure angular displacement numerical value by rotary angle transmitter (17);
Described supporting and restraint device are made up of the constraint supporting of reaction frame and rigid frame structure;
Described reaction frame is made up of reaction frame (1), lateral reaction frame (21) and base (2), and base (2) is fixed on the sill bottom of reaction frame (1), for supporting whole device; Reaction frame (1) is made up of two, the left and right column of two crossbeams and the built-in guide rail up and down of built-in guide rail, and each crossbeam or column can fix worm and gear lifter (6) and trolley platform; Lateral reaction frame (21) is made up of dull and stereotyped and column, and column is connected with reaction frame 1 lower and upper cross-member down through slide block, and flat board is connected with column by slide block, and flat board can slide up and down on column; Lateral reaction frame (21) is for installing angle constraint and charger;
The constraint supporting of described rigid frame structure comprises hold-down support and fixed-hinged support; Hold-down support is made up of horizontal seat sensor (11a), vertically bearing sensor (11b) and rigid joint dish (4b); Card extender bottom is connected with trolley platform (12b), card extender side is connected with horizontal seat sensor (11a), horizontal seat sensor (11a) is connected with node dish (4b), vertical bearing sensor (11b) upper end is connected with rigid joint dish (4b), lower end is connected with trolley platform (12b), and trolley platform (12b) is fixed on reaction frame sill; Fixed-hinged support is made up of horizontal seat sensor (11c), vertical bearing sensor (11d), pin joint dish (5), hinged-support horizontal guide rail (13a) and hinged-support vertical guide (13b); Vertical bearing sensor (11d) is connected with pin joint dish (5) with horizontal seat sensor (11c) one end, vertical bearing sensor (11d) other end is connected with hinged-support horizontal guide rail (13a) by trolley platform (12d), and horizontal seat sensor (11c) other end is connected with hinged-support vertical guide (13b) by trolley platform (12c); Hinged-support horizontal guide rail (13a) is arranged on box platform (16), hinged-support vertical guide (13b) is arranged on card extender side, card extender opposite side is connected with web member (14), and card extender bottom is connected on hinged-support horizontal guide rail (13a) by trolley platform (12e); Screw-threaded shaft elevator (15) is arranged on box platform (16) side, be connected with card extender by web member (14), can be used for rigid frame structure restriction or apply horizontal shift, box platform (16) is fixed on reaction frame sill;
Described measuring equipment comprises force snesor (7), foil gauge, rotary angle transmitter (17); Strain gauge adhesion, at rectangular thin-wall rod member (3a, 3b) both sides diverse location, passes through surveyed strain value and calculates rod member internal force size; Force snesor (7) records the payload values that worm and gear lifter (6) applies rigid frame structure; Rotary angle transmitter (17) is fixed on the rigid joint dish (4a) of rigid frame structure, surveys the corner at rigid joint dish (4a) place; Above measuring equipment is all connected to computing machine, carries out Real-Time Monitoring by computing machine to every data.
2. a kind ofly as claimed in claim 1 be it is characterized in that by the experiment device for teaching of displacement method visualize, described rigid frame structure is " L " shape rigid frame or door shape rigid frame.
3. a kind ofly as claimed in claim 1 or 2 be it is characterized in that by the experiment device for teaching of displacement method visualize, described hinged-support horizontal seat sensor (11c) is detachable, and after removing, fixed-hinged support becomes removable hinged-support.
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