CN106406074A - Perpendicular coupling nanometer optical waveguide dual-optical-path chip atomic clock - Google Patents
Perpendicular coupling nanometer optical waveguide dual-optical-path chip atomic clock Download PDFInfo
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- CN106406074A CN106406074A CN201610979861.8A CN201610979861A CN106406074A CN 106406074 A CN106406074 A CN 106406074A CN 201610979861 A CN201610979861 A CN 201610979861A CN 106406074 A CN106406074 A CN 106406074A
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- atomic clock
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
- G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
- G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
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- Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a perpendicular coupling nanometer optical waveguide dual-optical-path chip atomic clock which comprises a laser, light beams emitted by the laser enter a Y waveguide beam splitter through coupling of a perpendicular coupling optical grating I, one beam of light is output after passing by a phase modulation unit, another beam of light is output after regulation compensation, the two beams of light are output after passing by the perpendicular coupling optical grating I and a perpendicular coupling optical grating II respectively, enter a rubidium atom air chamber after passing by a polarizing film, an attenuation plate and a wave plate and after collimation and focussing and are input into an integrated circuit chip by a subtracter after emitted and converted into electrical signals by a detection unit, and the integrated circuit chip controls the laser and the phase modulation unit. According to the scheme, luminous power fluctuation and frequency fluctuation noise influences can be reduced greatly through dual-optical-path common-mode rejection, the signal-to-noise ratio of a CPT atomic clock is effectively improved, and accordingly, the short period stability of a chip level atomic clock can be improved greatly.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical field and micro-nano system regions, the specially vertical coupled nanometer optical wave based on CPT effect
Lead double light path chip-scale atomic clock.
Background technology
Chip atomic clock based on CPT principle is as a kind of new atomic frequency standard it is ensured that in mobile communication constellation
Intersatellite relative position measurement and exact time synchronization.External Ge great research institution and company put into energy exploitation one after another at present
The new construction of CSAC and new technology, to reducing volume further and reducing power consumption.Can be seen that mesh from external achievement in research
The development performance parameter of front chip atomic clock substantially meets certain applications demand, has been developed that commercial chip atomic clock product, and
Achieve greater advance, but the presence due to noise and frequency displacement, traditional method is very difficult to improve chip atomic clock further
Frequency stability.
Find out from present Research, already close to the limit, technologic improvement is difficult to obtain the performance indications of chip-scale atomic clock
Performance indications increase substantially, the chip atomic clock therefore developing higher precision based on new solution is particularly important.
Lot of documents shows, using 1mm3The chip-scale atomic clock of volume air chamber, it is limited by the photon Johnson noise limit
The second stability of system is up to 2 × 10-13ι-1/2.But in experimental provision, because various effect of noise, lead to signal amplitude
Very little, is extremely difficult to the photon Johnson noise limit.The principal element wherein limiting short-term stability is the amplitude of VCSEL laser instrument
Noise and frequency noise.Laser frequency noise is converted to amplitude noise by atomic resonance signal.Although passing through VCSEL laser
Device locks onto the impact that can greatly reduce light frequency noise bounce on the transition line of atom, but light frequency fluctuation noise is still
Very big.Secondly in some VCSEL, mode competition noise between different polarization pattern, can cause larger on the detector
Amplitude noise.All these noises all reduce the short-term frequency stability of chip-scale atomic clock, lead to adopt at present 1mm3Gas
The best second stability that the chip atomic clock of room can reach is 10-11Magnitude.
The subject matter limiting long-term degree of stability in chip atomic clock is frequency drift and linear asymmetric of CPT, causes
The factor of frequency displacement has：The drift of magnetic field, buffer gas, temperature, optical frequency shift, acceleration or radio-frequency power.It is thus desirable to it is strict
Control these parameters, or find a kind of detection mechanism to reduce the frequency sensitivity to these parameters for the chip atomic clock.
Content of the invention
Chip-scale atom is based on CPT effect（Coherent Population Trapping imprisons effect）Work, traditional CPT atomic clock is using tune
Single beam laser after system passes through MEMS air chamber, then realizes clock signal output using testing circuit.Monochromatic light road CPT atomic clock is in work
When making, due to the presence of common-mode noise, largely limit frequency stability improve so that current principle prototype or
Person's commercial product frequency stability is confined to 10-10~10-11Magnitude.
In order to improve chip-scale atomic clock second stability further, it is double that the present invention proposes vertical coupled nano optical wave guide
Light path chip-scale atomic clock scheme.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization：
A kind of vertical coupled nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock, including laser instrument, the light beam of described laser emitting
By vertical coupled gratingIt is coupled into Y waveguide beam splitter, wherein light beam exports after phase modulation unit, in addition one
Export after the adjusted compensation of bundle light, two-way light beam is again respectively through vertical coupled grating With vertical coupled grating Output, according to
Secondary enter air inlet chamber after polaroid, attenuator, wave plate, collimation, focusing, after outgoing, two-beam through probe unit convert
For after the signal of telecommunication, through subtractor input ic chip, described IC chip enters to laser instrument and phase modulation unit
Row regulation and control.
Shown in vertical coupled nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock solution principle Fig. 1 proposed by the present invention, utilize
Nano Y-shaped fiber waveguide, obtains the identical two-beam of performance, can effectively improve atomic clock degree of stability by suppression common mode noise
It is that its core is located, and adopt nano optical wave guide functional unit micro fabrication, identical with the maximum that ensures two-way light.Optical section
Divide and employ double light path scheme, beam of laser is used for the CPT signal of Measurement atom, another beam of laser, as reference light, detects letter
Number subtract each other the transition signal obtaining atom.Compared to the chip-scale atomic clock scheme on monochromatic light road, the program passes through double light path common mode
Suppression can greatly reduce luminous power and rise and fall and frequency fluctuation effect of noise, effectively improve the signal to noise ratio of CPT atomic clock, thus
The short-term stability of chip-scale atomic clock can be greatly improved；For caused by magnetic field, buffer gas, temperature, optical frequency shift etc.
Frequency displacement, also has certain inhibitory action, thus improving the medium-term and long-term degree of stability of chip-scale atomic clock.
As shown in Fig. 2 nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock is by VCSEL light source, the vertical coupled grating of nanometer, Y
Type nano optical wave guide, modulation, Polarization Control, MEMS air chamber, photodetection, multifunctional integrated circuit chip composition.Laser instrument goes out
The light beam coupling penetrated enters Y waveguide beam splitter, and wherein one tunnel produces the coherent light of constant phase difference through phase modulation unit, separately
A branch of consistent with modulation light path with this via Ohmic electrode regulation compensation outward, it is defeated that two-way light beam is then passed through vertical coupled grating
Go out, through polaroid, attenuator, wave plate, enter rubidium atomic air chamber after collimation and focusing, the light beam through ovennodulation can be with
Atomic interaction produces CPT effect, and non-modulated light then carries ambient noise signal, and two-beam converts through probe unit
For background noise can be eliminated through subtractor after the signal of telecommunication, reach the purpose improving frequency stability.In figure illustrates electricity
Road part, subtractor will eliminate the clock signal input IC chip of common-mode noise, and IC chip completes to laser
Device and phase modulation unit are regulated and controled.
Double light path chip-scale atomic clock common mode noise rejection mechanism and double light path are as follows to clock signal stabilization degree Influencing Mechanism：
For research contents with the key issue that solves, in theory, with the three-lever system of atom as model it is considered to atomic system
Actual optical length, using rotating-wave approximation, apply Liouville-Bloch equation, draw the density that descriptive system develops
Matrix division.Numerical solution more clearly can reflect physics law, and is conducive to practical problem is made a concrete analysis of, and therefore has
Necessity carries out numerical computations to said process.Scrutiny double light path and the interaction of rubidium atom, make a concrete analysis of two-way simultaneously
The impact to clock signal for each parameter of laser, and then the quantitative relation obtaining each parameter of laser and CPT clock Signal-to-Noise, to double light
The common mode noise rejection characteristic of road chip-scale atomic clock carries out theoretical validation, for guiding experiment.
In real work, monochromatic light road chip atomic clock degree of stability theoretical formula is modified, obtains nano optical wave guide double
The degree of stability model of light path atomic clock, is analyzed to short-term stability and medium-term and long-term degree of stability simultaneously.Will for the project indicator
Ask, according to this degree of stability model, the performance indications providing each Primary Component require, the such as power of double light path module and frequency
Fluctuating, the temperature coefficient of atomic air chamber, the degree of stability of C field, the temperature stability of temperature control module, the power stability of radio-frequency field,
And the degree of stability of the resolution of servo circuit and control voltage etc., for improving and instructing the design system of each Primary Component
Make, ensure completing of final atomic clock degree of stability.
Brief description
Fig. 1 represents nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock solution principle figure.
Fig. 2 represents double light path atomic clock theory diagram.
Fig. 3 represents the physical piece of double light path atomic clock（Single air chamber）Schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 represents the physical piece of double light path atomic clock（Double air chambers）Schematic diagram.
In figure：1- supporting construction, 2- probe unit, 3- heating unit, 4- field coil, the micro- air chamber of 5-MEMS（Single gas
Room）, 6-BF33 glass, 7- collimation unit, 8- focusing unit, 9- λ/4 slide, the vertical coupled grating of 10- nanometer, 11- nanometer hang down
Straight coupling grating , the vertical coupled grating of 12- nanometer , 13-VCSEL laser instrument, 14- light action air chamber, 15- phase-modulation list
Unit, 16-Y waveguide beam splitter, 17- reacts air chamber, and 18- reacts medicine, 19- circuit module, 20- pin.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of vertical coupled nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock（Single air chamber）, as shown in figure 3, including VCSEL laser
Device 13, the light beam of described VCSEL laser instrument 13 outgoing passes through vertical coupled grating10 are coupled into Y waveguide beam splitter 16, receive
The vertical coupled grating of rice10 realize VCSEL is collimated with the coupling input of isolation laser light source（Coupling efficiency is better than 80%）, lead to
Overcoupling technique of alignment and nano Y-shaped waveguide carry out Dock With Precision Position；Wherein light beam is through phase modulation unit 15（Modulation electricity
Pole）Export after producing the coherent light of constant phase difference, in addition light beam is adjusted by Ohmic electrode and compensates with this and modulation light path one
Export after cause, for example, it is possible to 3.4GHz modulation be carried out to a road guided wave light beam thus producing the sideband that difference on the frequency is 6.8GHz, separately
One road guided wave light beam is finely adjusted the consistent sex differernce compensating with modulation light path by Ohmic electrode（I.e. regulation and control obtain protecting inclined
Fiber waveguide exports）；Two-way light beam is again respectively through vertical coupled grating 12 and vertical coupled grating 11 outputs, successively
The micro- air chamber of rubidium atom MEMS is entered after polaroid, attenuator, λ/4 wave plate 9, collimation unit 8, focusing unit 7（Single gas
Room）5, this rubidium atomic air chamber is located in field coil 4, and it is disposed with BF33 glass 6 up and down, and is furnished with heating unit 3.
Vertical coupled grating, as gradual change grating, the light carrying clock signal is passed through the vertical coupled grating of nanometer 12
It is input to the micro- air chamber of MEMS, the light after Ohmic electrode compensates is passed through the vertical coupled grating of nanometer by gradual change grating 11 is defeated
Enter air chamber micro- to MEMS, two-beam reaches two as position detection chip through air chamber simultaneously, probe unit 2 is converted into defeated after the signal of telecommunication
Enter subtractor, signal subtraction as eliminates the clock signal of common-mode noise, input ic chip, and IC chip completes
Laser instrument and phase modulation unit are regulated and controled.
When being embodied as, according to the physical mechanism of CPT atomic clock, chip-scale atomic clock mainly includes VCSEL, nanometer Y ripple
Lead, the micro- air chamber of optical glass, MEMS, probe unit, C field coil.From the light beam of Y waveguide coupling output, by polaroid, decay
Enter air chamber in a subtle way after piece and λ/4 wave plate, using MEMS technology realize waveguide, lenticule, micro- air chamber integrated.Using special type
Above-mentioned all parts are become one by vacuum glue.Compared with traditional monochromatic light road chip-scale atomic clock, the double light of nano optical wave guide
Road chip atomic clock employs nanometer Y waveguide in physical system part and has carried out light splitting to the light of VCSEL laser emitting, right
Need closely to be connected it with each light path part during physical piece encapsulation, reach reduction volume, the mesh of power consumption
's.It is considered to all parts integral layout of composition and annexation, layout and annexation design physics when designing to it
System.
Embodiment 2
A kind of vertical coupled nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock（Double air chambers）, it is to adopt with the difference of embodiment 1
Use double air chambers, using rubidium atom is prepared in situ, reaction air chamber 17 loads reaction medicine 18, prepare rubidium atomic gas and enter
To in light action air chamber 14.Remaining principle, with embodiment 1, reaches two as position detection core by the two-beam of micro- air chamber outgoing simultaneously
Piece, that is, probe unit 2 be converted into and input subtractor after the signal of telecommunication, signal subtraction is as eliminated the clock signal of common-mode noise,
Input ic chip, IC chip completes laser instrument and phase modulation unit are regulated and controled, subtractor and integrated
Circuit chip is integrated in circuit module 19, and passes through pin 20 output control signal.
It should be noted last that, above example only in order to technical scheme to be described and unrestricted, although ginseng
It has been described in detail according to the embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those within the art that, to technical scheme
Modify or equivalent, without departure from the spirit and scope of technical scheme, it all should cover claim
In protection domain.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of vertical coupled nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock, including laser instrument it is characterised in that：Described laser
The light beam of device outgoing passes through vertical coupled grating It is coupled into Y waveguide beam splitter, wherein light beam is after phase modulation unit
Output, in addition exports after the adjusted compensation of light beam, two-way light beam is again respectively through vertical coupled grating And vertical coupling optical
Grid Output, sequentially passes through polaroid, attenuator, wave plate, collimation, enters air inlet chamber after focusing, after outgoing, two-beam is through visiting
Survey unit to be converted into after the signal of telecommunication through subtractor input ic chip, described IC chip is to laser instrument and phase place
Modulating unit is regulated and controled.
2. vertical coupled nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Described
Air chamber is rubidium atomic air chamber, and described rubidium atomic air chamber is located in field coil, and it is disposed with BF33 glass up and down, and is furnished with heating
Unit.
3. vertical coupled nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Described
In Y waveguide beam splitter, wherein export after the coherent light of light beam modulated electrode generation constant phase difference, in addition light beam is by Europe
Nurse electrode regulating compensate with this with modulate light path consistent after export.
4. vertical coupled nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Described
Vertical coupled grating With vertical coupled grating It is gradual change grating.
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| CN201610979861.8A CN106406074A (en) | 2016-11-08 | 2016-11-08 | Perpendicular coupling nanometer optical waveguide dual-optical-path chip atomic clock |
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| CN201610979861.8A CN106406074A (en) | 2016-11-08 | 2016-11-08 | Perpendicular coupling nanometer optical waveguide dual-optical-path chip atomic clock |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108628152A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-10-09 | 中北大学 | The chip atomic clock microsystem of nanometer Y waveguide |
| CN109031534A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-18 | 中山大学 | A kind of thermal tuning grating coupler |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN109031534A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-18 | 中山大学 | A kind of thermal tuning grating coupler |
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