CN106325049A - End-coupling nano optical waveguide type dual-optical-path chip-scale atomic clock - Google Patents
End-coupling nano optical waveguide type dual-optical-path chip-scale atomic clock Download PDFInfo
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- CN106325049A CN106325049A CN201610980236.5A CN201610980236A CN106325049A CN 106325049 A CN106325049 A CN 106325049A CN 201610980236 A CN201610980236 A CN 201610980236A CN 106325049 A CN106325049 A CN 106325049A
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- chip
- atomic clock
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
- G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
- G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
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Abstract
The invention discloses an end-coupling nano optical waveguide type dual-optical-path chip-scale atomic clock comprising a laser device. An emergent light beam of the laser device enters a Y-waveguide beam splitter through coupling of the end-coupling input end, wherein one light beam is outputted after passing through a phase modulation unit while the other light beam is outputted after adjust compensation, and the two light beams are outputted after passing through a vertical coupling grating II and a vertical coupling grating III respectively and sequentially pass through a polaroid, attenuation slices, a wave plate, collimation and focusing prior to entering an air chamber. After being emergent, the two light beams are converted into electrical signals through a detection unit, the electrical signals are inputted into an integrated circuit chip through a subtracter, and the integrated circuit chip is used for regulating and controlling the laser device and the phase modulation unit. The end-coupling nano optical waveguide type dual-optical-path chip-scale atomic clock has the advantages that the effect of optical power fluctuation and frequency fluctuation noise can be greatly weakened and the signal-to-noise ratio of the CPT atomic clock can be effectively improved through dual-optical-path common-mode rejection, so that short-term stability of the chip-scale atomic clock can be greatly enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical field and micro-nano system field, be specially the end face coupling nanometer optical wave based on CPT effectLead double light path chip-scale atomic clock.
Background technology
Chip atomic clock based on CPT principle, as a kind of novel atomic frequency standard, can ensure in mobile communication constellationIntersatellite relative position measurement and exact time synchronization. At present external Ge great research institution and company drop into energy exploitation one after anotherThe new construction of CSAC and new technology, to further reduced volume and reduction power consumption. Can find out order from external achievement in researchThe development performance parameter of front chip atomic clock meets certain applications demand substantially, has developed commercial chip atomic clock product, andObtained greater advance, but due to the existence of noise and frequency displacement, traditional method is difficult to further to improve chip atomic clockFrequency stability.
Find out from present Research, the performance indications of chip-scale atomic clock have approached the limit, and technologic improvement is difficult to obtainPerformance indications increase substantially, therefore develop more high-precision chip atomic clock based on new solution particularly important.
Lot of documents shows, adopts 1mm3The chip-scale atomic clock of volume air chamber, it is limit by the photon Johnson noise limitThe second stability of system can reach 2 × 10-13ι-1/2. But in experimental provision, because the impact of various noises causes signal amplitudeVery little, be difficult to reach the photon Johnson noise limit. The principal element that wherein limits short-term stability is the amplitude of VCSEL laser instrumentNoise and frequency noise. Laser frequency noise is converted to amplitude noise by atomic resonance signal. Although pass through VCSEL laserDevice locks onto on the transition line of atom, can greatly reduce the impact of light frequency noise bounce, but light frequency fluctuation noise stillVery large. Secondly in some VCSEL, the mode competition noise between different polarization pattern can cause larger on detectorAmplitude noise. All these noises have all reduced the short-term frequency stability of chip-scale atomic clock, cause adopting at present 1mm3GasThe best second stability that the chip atomic clock of chamber can reach is 10-11Magnitude.
The subject matter of the medium-term and long-term stability of limited chip atomic clock is the asymmetric of frequency drift and CPT linearity, causesFrequency displacement because have: the drift of magnetic field, buffer gas, temperature, optical frequency shift, acceleration or radio-frequency power. Therefore need strictControl these parameters, or find a kind of mechanism of surveying to reduce the frequency sensitivity of chip atomic clock to these parameters.
Summary of the invention
Chip-scale atom is based on CPT effect (Coherent Population Trapping imprison effect) work, and traditional CPT atomic clock utilization is adjustedSingle beam laser after system, by MEMS air chamber, then utilizes testing circuit to realize the output of clock signal. Monochromatic light road CPT atomic clock is in workWhile work, due to the existence of common-mode noise, limited to a great extent the raising of frequency stability, make current principle prototype orPerson's commercial product frequency stability is confined to 10-10~10-11Magnitude.
In order further to improve chip-scale atomic clock second stability, the present invention proposes end face coupling nano optical wave guide twoLight path chip-scale atomic clock scheme.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
A kind of end face coupling nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock, comprises laser instrument, the light beam of described laser emittingBe coupled into Y waveguide beam splitter by end face couple input, wherein light beam is exported after phase modulation unit, and other oneShu Guangjing exports after regulating compensation, and two-way light beam passes through respectively vertical coupled grating again With vertical coupled grating Output, complies withInferior to entering air chamber after polarizer, attenuator, wave plate, collimation, focusing, after outgoing, two-beam transforms through probe unitFor after the signal of telecommunication through subtracter input ic chip, described IC chip enters laser instrument and phase modulation unitRow regulation and control.
Shown in the end face coupling nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock scheme schematic diagram 1 that the present invention proposes, utilizeNano Y-shaped fiber waveguide, obtains the identical two-beam of performance, can effectively improve atomic clock stability by suppressing common-mode noiseBe its core place, and adopt nano optical wave guide functional unit micro fabrication, same to ensure the maximal phase of two-way light. Optics portionDivide the CPT signal that has adopted double light path scheme, beam of laser to be used for Measurement atom, another beam of laser, as with reference to light, is surveyed letterNumber subtract each other the transition signal that obtains atom. Than the chip-scale atomic clock scheme on monochromatic light road, this scheme is by double light path common modeInhibition can reduce the impact of luminous power fluctuating and frequency fluctuation noise greatly, effectively improves the signal to noise ratio of CPT atomic clock, therebyCan greatly improve the short-term stability of chip-scale atomic clock; For what caused by magnetic field, buffer gas, temperature, optical frequency shift etc.Frequency displacement, also has certain inhibitory action, thereby improves the medium-term and long-term stability of chip-scale atomic clock.
As shown in Figure 2, nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock is by VCSEL light source, the vertical coupled grating of nanometer, YType nano optical wave guide, modulation, Polarization Control, MEMS air chamber, photodetection, multifunctional integrated circuit chip composition. Laser instrument goes outThe light beam coupling of penetrating enters Y waveguide beam splitter, and wherein a road produces the coherent light of constant phase difference through phase modulation unit, anotherOuter a branch of consistent with modulation light path with this via Ohmic electrode adjusting compensation, it is defeated that then two-way light beam passes through vertical coupled gratingGo out, through polarizer, attenuator, wave plate, enter rubidium atomic air chamber through collimation with after focusing on, can be with through the light beam of ovennodulationAtomic interaction produces CPT effect, and the light of non-modulated carries ambient noise signal, and two-beam transforms through probe unitFor eliminating ambient noise through subtracter after the signal of telecommunication, reach the object that improves frequency stability. In figure, illustrate electricityRoad part, subtracter will have been eliminated the clock signal input ic chip of common-mode noise, and IC chip completes laserDevice and phase modulation unit regulate and control.
It is as follows that double light path chip-scale atomic clock common mode noise rejection mechanism and double light path affect mechanism to clock signal stabilization degree:
For the key issue of research contents and solution, in theory, taking the three-lever system of atom as model, consider atomic systemActual optical length, adopt rotation wave approximate, application Liouville-Bloch equation, draws the density that descriptive system developsMatrix equation group. Numerical solution more can clearly reflect physics law, and is conducive to practical problem to be made a concrete analysis of, and therefore hasNecessity is carried out numerical computations to said process. The interaction of scrutiny double light path and rubidium atom simultaneously, concrete analysis two-wayThe impact of the each parameter of laser on clock signal, and then quantitatively obtain the relation of the each parameter of laser and CPT clock Signal-to-Noise, to two lightThe common mode noise rejection characteristic of road chip-scale atomic clock is carried out theoretical validation, for guiding experiment.
In real work, monochromatic light road chip atomic clock stability theoretical formula is revised, obtained nano optical wave guide twoThe stability model of light path atomic clock is analyzed short-term stability and medium-term and long-term stability simultaneously. Want for the project indicatorAsk, according to this stability model, provide the performance indications requirement of each Primary Component, for example the power of double light path module and frequencyRise and fall, the power stability of the temperature stability of the stability of the temperature coefficient of atomic air chamber, C field, temperature control module, radiofrequency field,And the stability of the resolution ratio of servo circuit and control voltage etc., for improving and instruct the design system of each Primary ComponentDo, ensure completing of final atomic clock stability.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 represents nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock scheme schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 represents double light path atomic clock theory diagram.
Fig. 3 represents physical piece (single air chamber) schematic diagram of double light path atomic clock.
Fig. 4 represents physical piece (two air chamber) schematic diagram of double light path atomic clock.
In figure: 1-supporting construction, 2-probe unit, 3-heating unit, 4-field coil, the micro-air chamber of 5-MEMS (single gasChamber), 6-BF33 glass, 7-collimates unit, 8-focusing unit, 9-λ/4 slide, 10-end face couple input, 11-nanometer is verticalCoupling grating , the vertical coupled grating of 12-nanometer , 13-VCSEL laser instrument, 14-light action air chamber, 15-phase-modulation listUnit, 16-Y waveguide beam splitter, 17-reacts air chamber, and 18-reacts medicine, 19-circuit module, 20-pin, the micro-air chamber of 21-MEMS(two air chamber).
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, specific embodiments of the invention are elaborated.
Embodiment 1
A kind of vertical coupled nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock (single air chamber), as shown in Figure 3, comprises VCSEL laserDevice 13, the light beam of described VCSEL laser instrument 13 outgoing is coupled into Y waveguide beam splitter 16 by end face couple input 10, endThe existing coupling input (coupling efficiency is better than 80%) to VCSEL collimation isolation laser light source of face couple input cause for gossip, passes through couplingClose technique of alignment and Dock With Precision Position is carried out in nano Y-shaped waveguide; Wherein light beam is through phase modulation unit 15(modulator electrode) produceAfter the coherent light of raw constant phase difference, export, light beam is defeated after regulating compensation consistent with modulation light path with this by Ohmic electrode in additionGo out, for example, thereby can carry out the sideband that 3.4GHz modulation generation difference on the frequency is 6.8GHz by Dui Yi road guided wave light beam, lead on another roadGlistening light of waves bundle is finely tuned to compensate with the uniformity difference of modulating light path by Ohmic electrode and (is is regulated and controled to obtain protecting inclined to one side fiber waveguideOutput); Two-way light beam passes through respectively vertical coupled grating again 11 and vertical coupled grating 12 outputs, pass through polarization successivelyAfter sheet, attenuator, λ/4 wave plate 9, collimation unit 8, focusing unit 7, enter the micro-air chamber of rubidium atom MEMS (single air chamber) 5, this rubidiumAtomic air chamber is arranged in field coil 4, and it is furnished with BF33 glass 6 up and down, and is furnished with heating unit 3.
Vertical coupled grating, as gradual change grating, passes through the vertical coupled grating of nanometer by the light that carries clock signal 11Be input to the micro-air chamber of MEMS, the light after Ohmic electrode compensation is passed through the vertical coupled grating of nanometer by gradual change grating 12 is defeatedEnter micro-air chamber to MEMS, two-beam arrives two simultaneously and resembles a detection chip through air chamber, and probe unit 2 is converted into after the signal of telecommunication defeatedEnter subtracter, signal subtraction is the clock signal of having eliminated common-mode noise, input ic chip, and IC chip completesLaser instrument and phase modulation unit are regulated and controled.
When concrete enforcement, according to the physical mechanism of CPT atomic clock, chip-scale atomic clock mainly comprises VCSEL, nanometer Y rippleLead, optical mirror slip, the micro-air chamber of MEMS, probe unit, C field coil. From the light beam of Y waveguide coupling output, by polarizer, decayEnter micro-air chamber after sheet and λ/4 wave plate, adopt MEMS technique to realize the integrated of waveguide, lenticule, micro-air chamber. Adopt extraordinaryVacuum glue becomes one above-mentioned all parts. Compared with traditional monochromatic light road chip-scale atomic clock, the two light of nano optical wave guideRoad chip atomic clock has adopted nanometer Y waveguide to carry out light splitting to the light of VCSEL laser emitting in physical system part, rightIn the process of physical piece encapsulation, need it to be closely connected with each light path part, reach the order that reduces volume, power consumption. When it is designed, consider all parts integral layout and the annexation of composition, layout and annexation design physicsSystem.
Embodiment 2
A kind of vertical coupled nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock (two air chamber), the difference of itself and embodiment 1 is to adoptUse two air chambers, adopt in situ preparation rubidium atom, in reaction air chamber 17, pack reaction medicine 18 into, prepare rubidium atomic gas and enterIn light action air chamber 14. All the other principles, with embodiment 1, arrive two by the two-beam of micro-air chamber outgoing simultaneously and resemble position detection coreSheet, probe unit 2 is inputted subtracter after being converted into the signal of telecommunication, signal subtraction is to the clock signal of having eliminated common-mode noise,Input ic chip, IC chip completes laser instrument and phase modulation unit is regulated and controled, subtracter and integratedCircuit chip is integrated in circuit module 19, and exports control signal by pin 20.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although ginsengHave been described in detail according to the embodiment of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that technical scheme of the present inventionModify or be equal to replacement, not departing from the spirit and scope of technical scheme of the present invention, it all should contain claimIn protection domain.
Claims (4)
1. an end face coupling nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock, comprises laser instrument, it is characterized in that: described laserThe light beam of device outgoing is coupled into Y waveguide beam splitter by end face couple input, and wherein light beam is through phase modulation unitRear output, light beam output after regulating compensation in addition, two-way light beam passes through respectively vertical coupled grating again With vertical coupledGrating Output, successively through entering air chamber after polarizer, attenuator, wave plate, collimation, focusing, after outgoing, two-beam warpCross probe unit and be converted into after the signal of telecommunication through subtracter input ic chip, described IC chip to laser instrument andPhase modulation unit regulates and controls.
2. end face coupling nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described inAir chamber is rubidium atomic air chamber, and described rubidium atomic air chamber is arranged in field coil, and it is furnished with BF33 glass up and down, and is furnished with heatingUnit.
3. end face coupling nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described inIn Y waveguide beam splitter, after the coherent light that wherein light beam produces constant phase difference through modulator electrode, export, light beam is by Europe in additionOutput after the compensation of nurse electrode regulating is consistent with modulation light path with this.
4. end face coupling nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described inVertical coupled grating With vertical coupled grating Be gradual change grating.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108628152A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-10-09 | 中北大学 | The chip atomic clock microsystem of nanometer Y waveguide |
| CN108873977A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-11-23 | 中北大学 | Miniature low-power consumption active digital temperature control device and method based on chip atomic clock |
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| CN108873977A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-11-23 | 中北大学 | Miniature low-power consumption active digital temperature control device and method based on chip atomic clock |
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