CN106386320A - Early-wood-promoting cultivation method for schima superba forest - Google Patents
Early-wood-promoting cultivation method for schima superba forest Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses an early-wood-promoting cultivation method for a schima superba forest. The method comprises the steps: carrying out young-stand tending: carrying out tending transformation management on young stands; carrying out forest-stand colonization stage management: after tending transformation, carrying out released thinning on fully-stocked forest stands once, cutting shrub and herbaceous plants, and carrying out vine-removing tending management; carrying out target wood cultivation: selecting and cultivating target woods; and finally, carrying out forest-stand early-wood growth stage management, including: selecting or rejecting the target woods again, carrying out density regulation and control, carrying out forest land management, carrying out soil management and carrying out renewing management. The method has the technical advantages that forest trees of the schima superba forest are healthy in growth and vigorous in growth vigor; and compared with the conventional/traditional forest industry operation methods, the average diameter at breast height of the forest trees, the stocking volume of forest stands and the number of advantageous target wood individuals can be improved, offspring renewing seedlings and young trees are abundant, the quality of forming of early wood of schima superba is effectively improved, the benefit is remarkable, so that the method can be popularized to production. Simultaneously, the method can also be applied to the early-wood-promoting cultivation of other timber trees.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that xylophyta is cultivated, a kind of method facilitating cultivation particularly to Schima Superba Forest early wood.
Background technology
Schima superba (Schima superba Gardn.et Champ) is the evergreen megaphanerophyte of Theaceae Schima, and height is up to 28m, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 78cm, bark dark brown, block lobe；Sprig lead, hole skin is obvious；Tree-like tall and straight, trunk leads to straight；Blade leathery, fire-resistant；The 4-5 month blooms, floral white, the month in next year 9-10 fruit maturation, capsule is subsphaeroidal；Seed kidney shape, there is wing at edge, and natural seeding updating ability is strong；Timber is tough and tensile, fine and close, is difficult craze and transfiguration, corrosion resistant, tangent plane is smooth after being dried.On the south China Yangtze river basin, each province, city are all distributed.Due to Schima superba wide adaptability, updating ability is strong and the more resistance to shade of treelet, is south China preferable broad-leaved high quality timber seeds, Properties of Fire Prevention Trees and Mixed forestation seeds.
Schima superba is one of major dominant species of Eastern China Subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaf Forest, is also the main advantage seeds that Eastern China moistens Subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaf Forest area.Because Schima superba is in the During Succession of evergreen broad-leaved vegetation, can naturally invade the group at succession initial stage earlier, and extend to the feature in succession later stage, and there is special status and effect.Many scholars grow to it, breed and carried out for a long time with population dynamic development with succession, substantial amounts of research, although existing numerous studies report Schima superba fractions distribution, growth rhythm, population structure, function and seed, nursery, succession renewal and fire protecting performance etc., and it is less to the Cultivating techniques report of Schima Superba Forest, the cultivation that it is carried out is based only on fostering on Traditional Forestry, intermediate cutting, and particularly quick to its young growth early wood, high-quality facilitates cultivation actually rare.After Schima superba young growth builds group, closing of crop, progress into pole stock (diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground≤10cm) the form of quality stage, this is the critical period that trees early wood is formed.The radial growth of trees is the result that vascular cambium and cork form into 2 lateral meristem activities, is subject to genetic control, depends on the developmental condition of individuality, but also directly or indirectly affected by environmental condition in the forming process of timber.Therefore, xylem growth and forming process both depend on temperature, precipitation, illumination and the breeding method on this ground.Therefore, a kind of research and development quick high-quality of Schima Superba Forest early wood facilitates breeding method not only to have certain theory significance, and the output being widely present in contributing to solving currently to produce is low, poor quality technical problem.
The key technology cultivating Schima Superba Forest early wood high-quality is to determine the density of crop in all ages and classes stage and the number of dominant tree (alternative target wood) and target wood quantity.The study find that, the Schima superba speed of growth is medium, lasts a long time, 1 to 30 year be Fast growing stage, before and after diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground current annual increment maximum is generally present in the 25th year, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground year after year with average increment curve intersection in 21 years；Height of tree current annual increment maximum occurs in the 15th year.Therefore, study a kind of breeding method of Schima superba young growth early wood high-quality in (pole stock) stage early stage, accelerate the early wood speed of growth, lifting bole quality, to accelerating, Precious Timber Species are cultivated and big-diameter wood quality is cultivated and official reserves woods is built, and safeguard that ecological recovery and ecological safety have important practical significance.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is for the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of method that cultivation facilitated by Schima Superba Forest early wood.
To achieve these goals, the measure that the present invention is taken：
A kind of method that cultivation facilitated by Schima Superba Forest early wood,
By tending ot young growth：Tending method management is carried out to young growth；
Again group stage management is built by standing forest：After tending method, close-stand is carried out with an interlucation, and extract careless, the clear rattan tending management of filling；
Cultivated by target wood again：Select and cultivate target wood；
Finally by the management of standing forest early wood growth phase：Including selection or superseded target wood, density adjusting, Forest field management, soil management and more new management again；
Described tending method manages and is, before 2 months November to next year, Schima superba young growth is fostered, stay the foster purpose species of trees, remove the seeds that positive natural disposition fills layer, indocalamus and liana and long potential difference, during felling, stump is less than earth's surface 3cm, and interval is after 3 years, carry out a tending ot young growth again, purpose species of trees conserved density is per hectare >=3500 plant；
Described tending management is：In November to December, young growth is carried out with an increment felling to foster, cut down except growing way is weak, to be worth low, overstocked sun raw devalues species, retain purpose tree and growing way is excellent, costly increment species；Mowing bushing carries out even root and takes to lianas such as the Caulis Miscanthis floriduli on part plot, indocalamus, kudzu, is positioned on forest land；Purpose species of trees arborous layer stays foster density per hectare >=2100 plant, the seedlings or saplings simultaneously protecting above-mentioned Regeneration to grow directly from seeds, and makes forest community structure progressively complete；
Described selection with cultivate target wood be：Schima Superba Forest highly reach 15m selected above grow directly from seeds, health, trunk lead to straight, satisfactory, thin skin, no disease and pests harm and the individual plant of no artificial disturbance scar elects target wood as, and the mark that is listed, purpose species of trees arborous layer per hectare stays foster density 1160-1320 strain, and wherein purpose wood stays foster 300-350 strain；
Described Forest field management, soil management and stand regeneration manage and are：
The stone of forest floor is renovated in Forest field management, the stone that can take of part is concentrated on the larger place of the gradient nearby, builds and build an irregular level and block cob wall barnacle, prevent erosion, surface area can effectively be expanded, updating seedling for offspring provides more growing spaces again；
Forest land amelioration in soil management applies living beings bamboo charcoal 1.5Kg for opening shallow ridges by crown mapping above the only wooden plant to every plant of target, after mud stirring, earthing immediately；And the portion of going up a hill to part soil depletion, spread fertilizer over the fields living beings bamboo charcoal, every square metre is applied carbon amounts is 1Kg, puddles with mud, improves soil physics performance；
More new management refers to that Schima superba and zonality evergreen broad-leaved dominant tree update protection and the maintenance of the seedlings or saplings that grow directly from seeds; select the seedlings or saplings healthy and strong, growing way is good; remove and grow poor, overstocked seedlings or saplings about, updating for offspring provides sufficient physical resources.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：The mean DBH increment of Schima superba young growth increases 18.6%, and accumulation year increment improves 19.9%, and advantage target wood individual amount increases by 1.68 times, and early wood quality is obviously improved, and growth potential is huge, remarkable benefit, beneficial to wide popularization and application on producing.
By stand tending, carry out " target wood " to manage, because lumbering is except forests such as interference and long potential difference, remain the preferable forest of growing way, decrease forest competition, improve illumination in woods, moisture and underground nutritional resource, reserve is made more to be grown resource, simultaneously facilitate sylvan life and originally grow the tree growth being suppressed, the mutual growth fierceness effect of these forests, thus improve the increment of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of forest, the height of tree, both increased the accumulation of standing forest, the cultivation age limit of early wood growth can have been shortened again.
By the clearance of wood from land and soil improvement, soil nutrient in forest land and moisture not easily run off, promote the activity of edaphon, improve the efficiency that Schima superba young growth absorbs nutrient and moisture, accelerate photosynthesis, improve soil physico-chemical property, effectively facilitated forest radial growth, so that Schima superba early wood is grown quick.
On the basis of Suitable Density, surrounding target wood is cultivated, the forest individuality retaining is healthy and strong, quality is preferable, Schima Superba Forest is updated simultaneously and there is the effect of being obviously promoted, because purpose wood is fully to carry out adding artificial selection on the basis of natural selection, its solid seed is hereditary quality all the time and viability is preferably individual, and the percentage of seedgermination of its natural renovation and planting percent height, seedling quality better, amount are greatly, can safety, labour-saving obtain substantial amounts of high-quality seedling, thus reducing cost of silviculture.
Specific embodiment
A kind of method that cultivation facilitated by Schima Superba Forest early wood,
By tending ot young growth：Tending method management is carried out to young growth；
Again group stage management is built by standing forest：After tending method, close-stand is carried out with an interlucation, and extract careless, the clear rattan tending management of filling；
Cultivated by target wood again：Select and cultivate target wood；
Finally by the management of standing forest early wood growth phase：Including selection or superseded target wood, density adjusting, Forest field management, soil management and more new management again.
Described tending method manages and is, before 2 months November to next year, Schima superba young growth is fostered, stay the foster purpose species of trees, remove the seeds that positive natural disposition fills layer, indocalamus and liana and long potential difference, during felling, stump is less than earth's surface 3cm, and interval is after 3 years, carry out a tending ot young growth again, purpose species of trees conserved density is per hectare >=3500 plant.
Described tending management is：In November to December, young growth is carried out with an increment felling to foster, cut down except growing way is weak, to be worth low, overstocked sun raw devalues species, retain goal tree and growing way is excellent, costly increment species；Mowing bushing carries out even root and takes to lianas such as the Caulis Miscanthis floriduli on part plot, indocalamus, kudzu, is positioned on forest land；Purpose species of trees arborous layer stays foster density per hectare >=2100 plant, the seedlings or saplings simultaneously protecting above-mentioned Regeneration to grow directly from seeds, and makes forest community structure progressively complete.
Described selection with cultivate target wood be：Schima Superba Forest highly reach 15m selected above grow directly from seeds, health, trunk lead to straight, satisfactory, thin skin, no disease and pests harm and the individual plant of no artificial disturbance scar elects target wood as, and the mark that is listed, target seeds arborous layer per hectare stays foster density 1160-1320 strain, and wherein purpose wood stays foster 300-350 strain.
Described Forest field management, soil management and stand regeneration manage and are：
The stone of forest floor is renovated in Forest field management, the stone that can take of part is concentrated on the larger place of the gradient nearby, builds and build an irregular level and block cob wall barnacle, prevent erosion, surface area can effectively be expanded, updating seedling for offspring provides more growing spaces again；
Forest land amelioration in soil management applies living beings bamboo charcoal 1.5Kg for opening shallow ridges by crown mapping above the only wooden plant to every plant of target, after mud stirring, earthing immediately；And the portion of going up a hill to part soil depletion, spread fertilizer over the fields living beings bamboo charcoal, every square metre is applied carbon amounts is 1Kg, puddles with mud, improves soil physics performance；
More new management refers to that Schima superba updates protection and the maintenance of the seedlings or saplings that grow directly from seeds, and selects the seedlings or saplings healthy and strong, growing way is good, removes and grows poor, overstocked seedlings or saplings about, updating for offspring provides sufficient physical resources.
Generally before carrying out tending ot young growth, first carry out standing forest selection work, standing forest selects：Choose hillside or cheuch mountain region, land occupation condition is medium, closing or close to closing natural Schima superba young growth as forest cultivation ground object of managing and producing；Forest cultivation ground is more concentrated in flakes, the hillside of height above sea level≤400m or cheuch mountain region, thickness of soil >=0.8m, red soil, red-yellow soil, yellow earth, pH value 4.5-5.0, soil organic matter content >=3.5%, full nitrogen >=0.18%, full phosphorus >=0.05%, and naked stone, naked rock are less.Described forest cultivation object is based on Schima superba, can mix the Native Broad-leaved Tree Species such as raw a small amount of sweetgum, Ke, Hui Ke, red skin Qinggang, bitter sweet oak, Qinggang, red nanmu and sassafrases.Schima superba young growth height 2.5-3m, density >=4000 plant .hm-2.In woods or nearby have at 300m grow directly from seeds on a small quantity, the Schima superba elite stand of health, as the introduces a collection of natural regeneration.
Embodiment：
1st, educate 62 hectares of Wang Linqu area, height above sea level 50～210m, the Pinus massoniana forest of the domestic distribution plantation fifties, due to being endangered by pine nematode after nineteen ninety, the a large amount of withered death of masson pine, through closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, form a higher shrub layer of density, mainly the filling layer based on many sun natural disposition shrubs and Schima superba.The Potential vegetation type on this ground is Schima superba-evergreen chinquapin association.This ground soil measured according to nineteen ninety, and the soil organism is 3.17%, full nitrogen 0.079%, full phosphorus 0.0192%, and (organic 5.3%, full nitrogen 0.5%) is substantially low compared with typical evergreen broadleaf forest；On this plot, this forest land is divided 2 pieces, one piece is the technology of the present invention operation, another piece is that conventional forestry cultivation is managed.15 hectares and 0.67 hectare of testing ground area.
2nd, after cleaning masson pine disease epidemic disease wood, formed by the species with Potential vegetation type and be compared, find the sociales that Schima superba is present community, be the sociales of Potential vegetation type again, therefore select it as the purpose species of trees recovering cultivation.Shrub layer is carried out with tending method, the positive natural disposition shrub such as indocalamus in cleaning shrub layer, retains the Evergreen Broad-leaved Tree Species such as Schima superba, retain about 0.4 plant/m of averag density2, high 2m, cover degree 80%.
3rd, Schima Superba Forest is carried out with 1 interlucation to foster, fell withered vertical, wind-falls blowdown, growing way are weak and sprout the overstocked forest of branch；Heaviness of felling≤20%, and remove sun raw filling grass and liana, stump is not higher than earth's surface 3cm.
4th, again Schima superba is carried out with 1 young growth interlucation to foster, heaviness of felling≤15%, retain arborous layer purpose 3500 plants of per hectare density of wood.
5th, Schima Superba Forest is carried out with an increment felling to foster, select and cultivate dominant tree (alternative target wood), cutting interference wood and wind-fall, dry wood, retaining arborous layer purpose wood density is 2100 plants of hm-2.
6th, vigorous to carrying out growth selection in Schima Superba Forest comprehensively, it is target wood that trunk leads to straight, satisfactory, thin skin, health plant, and mark.Cutting interference wood wood and wind-fall, dry wood, reservation arborous layer purpose species of trees density is 1168 plants of hm-2；Wherein target wood density is maintained at 300 plants of hm-2.
7th, Forest field management：Renovate forest floor stone in Schima Superba Forest comprehensively, first stone is concentrated in steep slope region, then cut the earth and stone is built up the retaining wall of an anomalous water flat rubber belting, prevent erosion；And the logical location of impeded drainage opens up gutter on part forest land.
8th, soil management：In November, 2014 under Schima Superba Forest target wood hat width, steep opens shallow ridges, deep 10cm, applies living beings bamboo charcoal 1.5Kg for every plant, applies rear earthing, improved soil.
9th, more new management：In 2006 and November in 2014 are fostered for 2 times retain grow directly from seeds, healthy and strong, healthy seedlings or saplings, after so that last is fostered, conserved density be more than 3500 plants of hm-2；The plot overstocked to part seedlings or saplings carries out thinning and dredges strain.
According to the content of 2-9, ultimately form and educate the forest culture and management scheme that growth facilitated by Wang Shan Schima superba wildwood early wood, result is as shown in table 1.
The Schima Superba Forest mean DBH increment that the present invention manages increases 18.6%, and accumulation improves 19.9%；Wherein the dominant tree quantity present invention of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground >=18cm improves 1.68 times than conventional operation; dominant tree accumulation accounts for total accumulation accounting and improves 1.58 times; and standing forest is healthy, vigorous, current annual increment is high, can shorten early wood cultivation age limit; more conventional operation has higher productive potentialities; can not only large-scale cultivation High-quality stemwood, and economic worth is high, safe and pollution-free; can promote on producing, Schima superba early wood grows to facilitate and achieves noticeable achievement.Its forest culture and management effect is shown in Table 2 and table 3.
The tending technique scheme of table 1 Schima superba wildwood early stage different growth phases
The effect (D >=5cm) of the different business method Schima superba wildwood growth of table 2
The different business method Schima superba wildwood dominant tree growth of table 3 and the effect (D >=5cm) of quantity
Claims (5)
1. a kind of Schima Superba Forest early wood facilitate cultivation method it is characterised in that：
By tending ot young growth：Tending method management is carried out to young growth；
Again group stage management is built by standing forest：After tending method, close-stand is carried out once saturating
Light cuts down, and extracts careless, the clear rattan tending management of filling；
Cultivated by target wood again：Select and cultivate target wood；
Finally by the management of standing forest early wood growth phase：Including again select or superseded target wood,
Density adjusting, Forest field management, soil management and more new management.
2. the method that cultivation facilitated by a kind of Schima Superba Forest early wood according to claim 1, its feature
It is：Described tending method manages and is, to Schima superba young growth before 2 months November to next year
Fostered, stayed the foster purpose species of trees, remove positive natural disposition and fill layer, indocalamus and liana and growing way
The seeds of difference, during felling, stump is less than earth's surface 3cm, and interval is after 3 years, then carries out once
Tending ot young growth, purpose species of trees conserved density is per hectare >=3500 plant.
3. the method that cultivation facilitated by a kind of Schima Superba Forest early wood according to claim 1 and 2, its
It is characterised by：Described tending management is：In November to December, one secondary growth is carried out to young growth
Cut down and foster, cut down except growing way is weak, to be worth low, overstocked sun raw devalues species, retain goal tree and
Growing way is excellent, costly increment species；Mowing bushing to the Caulis Miscanthis floriduli on part plot, indocalamus,
The lianas such as kudzu carry out even root and take, and are positioned on forest land；Purpose species of trees arborous layer stays foster
Density per hectare >=2100 plant, protect the seedlings or saplings that above-mentioned Regeneration grows directly from seeds simultaneously,
Make forest community structure progressively complete.
4. the method that cultivation facilitated by a kind of Schima Superba Forest early wood according to claim 3, its feature
It is：Described selection with cultivate target wood be：Highly reach 15m reality selected above in Schima Superba Forest
The list of raw, health, trunk logical straight, satisfactory, thin skin, no disease and pests harm and no artificial disturbance scar
Select good strains in the field for seed as target wood, and listed mark, purpose species of trees arborous layer per hectare stays foster density
Foster 300-350 strain is stayed in 1160-1320 strain, wherein purpose wood.
5. the method that cultivation facilitated by a kind of Schima Superba Forest early wood according to claim 4, its feature
It is：Described Forest field management, soil management and stand regeneration manage and are：
The stone of forest floor is renovated, the stone that part can be taken concentrates in Forest field management
The larger place of the gradient nearby, builds and builds an irregular level and block cob wall barnacle, prevent water and soil
Run off, can effectively expand surface area again, updating seedling for offspring provides more growing spaces；
Forest land amelioration in soil management is only to press tree crown to above every plant of target wood plant
Projection is opened shallow ridges and is applied living beings bamboo charcoal 1.5Kg, after mud stirring, earthing immediately；And to part
The portion of going up a hill of soil depletion, spreads fertilizer over the fields living beings bamboo charcoal, every square metre is applied carbon amounts is 1Kg, with mud
Puddle, improve soil physics performance；
More new management refers to that Schima superba and zonality evergreen broad-leaved dominant tree update grow directly from seeds seedling, children
The protection of tree and maintenance, select the seedlings or saplings healthy and strong, growing way is good, remove and grow about
Poor, overstocked seedlings or saplings, updating for offspring provides sufficient physical resources.
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| CN108566862A (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2018-09-25 | 华东师范大学 | A kind of quick broad-leafization alteration method of East Sea island degeneration pine forest |
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| CN112703952A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-27 | 黑龙江省林业科学院伊春分院 | Forestation method using salix integra nutrition pot seedlings |
| CN112703952B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2023-12-12 | 黑龙江省林业科学院伊春分院 | Forestation method using salix tenuifolia nutrition pot seedlings |
| CN114902907A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-16 | 华东师范大学 | Labor-saving seedling raising method for logging window between target trees of natural magnolia vine |
| CN115067139A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-09-20 | 宁波市鄞州甬绿生态茶业有限公司 | Method for building mixed forest of schima superba and sassafras tzumu in coastal hills of Zhejiang |
| CN115067139B (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2023-10-20 | 宁波市鄞州甬绿生态茶业有限公司 | Construction method of mixed forest of radix zanthoxyli and sassafras wood in coastal hills of Zhejiang |
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