CN106386112A - Cowpea planting method capable of improving quality of cowpea - Google Patents

Cowpea planting method capable of improving quality of cowpea Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106386112A
CN106386112A CN201610797531.7A CN201610797531A CN106386112A CN 106386112 A CN106386112 A CN 106386112A CN 201610797531 A CN201610797531 A CN 201610797531A CN 106386112 A CN106386112 A CN 106386112A
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China
Prior art keywords
cowpea
seed
parts
quality
implantation methods
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CN201610797531.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杨忠伟
叶超
朱斌
陈家翔
赵秀河
徐观华
庞媚
苏国连
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BEIHAI INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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BEIHAI INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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Priority to CN201610797531.7A priority Critical patent/CN106386112A/en
Publication of CN106386112A publication Critical patent/CN106386112A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/002Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a cowpea planting method capable of improving quality of cowpea. The cowpea planting method includes the following steps; 1) seed pretreatment: pricking a plurality of holes in surfaces of cowpea seeds, soaking the cowpea seeds in a seed soaking solution for 24 hours, and injecting air into the seed soaking solution every 7 hours; 2): seedling raising: putting 2-3 cowpea seeds in each hole, and putting 30-40 g of polyacrylamide particles in each hole; and removing a preservative film when the height of the seedlings reaches 2 cm after germination; and 3) field management: inserting frames when the height of the seedlings reaches 15-20 cm, and leading vines to the frames at noon or afternoon on a sunny day; and spraying cowpea plants with a liquid fertilizer once every 10 days. The planting method is high in operability. The obtained cowpea by adoption of the planting method is rich in nutriment ingredients, is fresh and tasty in taste, and is higher in the quality than that of the cowpea in markets; and the planting method has good market application prospect.

Description

Improve the cowpea implantation methods of cowpea quality
Technical field
The present invention relates to cowpea field of planting, more particularly, to a kind of cowpea implantation methods improving cowpea quality.
Background technology
With expanding economy, people increasingly focus on the absorption of nutrition.Cowpea is divided into asparagus bean and two kinds of meal cowpea, belongs to beans Section's plant annual herb plant.Cowpea is edible with green bean, and its nutrition is abundanter, can stir-fry and eat, cold and dressed with sauce, salt marsh, processing Pickles and solarization fresh kidney beans processed are done.Cowpea all has extensive plantation in China various places, and not only area is big, and scope is wide, and generally likes eating With becoming one of vegetables of summer and autumn.Yet with the unreasonable of existing cowpea implantation methods and not science, lead to harvest Cowpea nutrient content low.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solution at least the above, and provide the advantage that at least will be described later.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a kind of cowpea implantation methods improving cowpea quality, comprise the following steps:
Step 1), Seeds preprocess
Prick multiple apertures on cowpea seed surface, be placed in soaking 24h in seed soak, soak toward described seed every 6h It is passed through air in bubble liquid;After immersion finishes, pull cowpea seed out and dry, with the electric current of current strength 1.8~2.0A to cowpea kind Son carries out 0.1S shock treatment, twice daily to cowpea seed play rock music 30min, wherein said seed soak by with The raw material of lower weight portion is mixed to get:80~100 parts of pure water, 0.8~1.0 part of gibberellin and 5~6 portions of konjaku flours;
Step 2), nursery
Choose the soil that surface 0.3m is all equipped with black earth earth, uniformly press 30kg/ mu and apply nutrition fertilizer, soil takes Multiple cave hole, 2~3 cowpea seed are thrown in each cave, and place the polyacrylamide particle of 30~40g;Then in cave Surface is coated with one layer of sawdust, sprays, toward sawdust surface, the lime aqueous solution that mass fraction is 1%, until the water content of sawdust reaches 45%, lay one layer of preservative film on sawdust surface, prick several through holes on preservative film surface;
After germinateing and seedling grows to 2cm, remove preservative film;
Step 3) field management
Treat that seedling grows to 15~20cm, bay, and in fine day noon or afternoon draws climing added;And spray a not good liquor in every 10 days Body is fertile;
Wherein, described nutrition fertilizer is obtained by following steps:
A, 10 parts of durian cores, 10 parts of mangosteen cores, 8 parts of lychee exocarps and 6 parts of mangosteen shells are taken to be pulverized and mixed by weight, Xiang Qi Middle 20 parts of water mixing of addition, are placed in sealing device, are passed through air thereto so that the pressure in sealing device reaches 0.7MPa, It is heated to 50 DEG C, keeps 12h, then carry out microwave treatment 2h with the microwave of frequency 1000MHz, filter, obtain filtrate and filter residue;
B, take 30 parts of apple skins, 25 parts of banana skins, 23 parts of pomelo peels and 20 parts of watermelon peels to pulverize by weight, and with step The filtrate mixing that rapid A obtains, making beating, obtain pericarp mixture, be laid on the panel of dry tack free, in pericarp mixture surface stamp Multiple holes, spray the first bio-fermentation agents toward in through hole, wherein, described first bio-fermentation agent and described pericarp mixture Weight compare 100:1, then spray the second bio-fermentation agents on pericarp mixture surface, obtain fermentate;
The filter residue mixing that C, the fermentate that step B is obtained and step A obtain, is dried, granulation.
Preferably, the cowpea implantation methods of described raising cowpea quality, the particle diameter of described polyacrylamide particle is 2 ~4mm.
Preferably, the cowpea implantation methods of described raising cowpea quality, described durian core, mangosteen core, lychee exocarp with And mangosteen shell is required to before use through disinfecting.
Preferably, the cowpea implantation methods of described raising cowpea quality, described apple skin, banana skin, pomelo peel with And watermelon peel is required to before use through disinfecting.
Preferably, the cowpea implantation methods of described raising cowpea quality, described Liquid Fertilizer is biological liquid fertilizer.
Preferably, the cowpea implantation methods of described raising cowpea quality, prick multiple apertures, tool on cowpea seed surface Body is:Prick the aperture that multiple apertures are 1cm on cowpea seed surface.
The present invention at least includes following beneficial effect:
(1) present invention is in step 1) in, the present invention, when pre-processing to cowpea seed, opens in the surface of the seed first Hole, is placed in immersion 2h in seed soak, is passed through air, seed can be effectively ensured and sprout in 6h is toward described seed soak Oxygen during sending out needs, and improves seed germination efficiency;And in seed soak, contain konjaku flour, and konjaku flour is as one kind Natural water-loss reducer, environmental protection, moisture not only can be absorbed first, after progressively to discharge moisture be the sprouting of seed and rhizome Growth provides necessary moisture, plays the effect of fabulous equilibrium water conten;And first in the surface of the seed perforate, konjaku flour solution Can enter in hole, carry konjaku powder water swelling, be conducive to seed hull automatically to peel off, be conducive to seed to sprout and follow-up Root;Shock treatment is carried out to seed, seed can be stimulated, improve seed germination rate;Listen rock music to seed, also may be used To stimulate seed, improve seed germination rate;
(2) present invention is in step 2) in, in cave place water-loss reducer polyacrylamide particle, early stage water more when Wait, absorb water, treat that later stage moisture is less, discharge moisture, can be very good balanced soil moisture, provide very well for germination Advantage;
(3) nutrition fertilizer prepared in the present invention is with durian core, mangosteen core, lychee exocarp, mangosteen shell, apple skin, banana skin, shaddock The fruit fertilizer such as sub- skin and watermelon peel is raw material, wide material sources, and wherein also has substantial amounts of fiber and micronutrient The green nourishing material such as matter, compares the chemical fertilizer of more traditional use, not only environmental protection, and provides enough battalion for cowpea growth Form point, substantially increase the nutrient content of cowpea so that cowpea taste more pure and fresh sweet so that the quality of cowpea obtains Very big raising;
(4) present invention in step, carries out microwave treatment to mixture, using microwave concussion and principle of heating, can be very Good discharges the nutrient content in durian core, mangosteen core, lychee exocarp and mangosteen shell.
Part is embodied by the further advantage of the present invention, target and feature by description below, and part also will be by this Invention research and practice and be understood by the person skilled in the art.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, to make those skilled in the art with reference to specification Word can be implemented according to this.
It should be appreciated that used herein such as " have ", "comprising" and " inclusion " term do not allot one or many The presence of individual other element or a combination thereof or interpolation.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cowpea implantation methods improving cowpea quality, comprise the following steps:
Step 1), Seeds preprocess
Prick multiple apertures on cowpea seed surface, be placed in soaking 24h in seed soak, soak toward described seed every 6h It is passed through air in bubble liquid;After immersion finishes, pull cowpea seed out and dry, with the electric current of current strength 1.8A, cowpea seed is carried out 0.1S shock treatment, plays rock music 30min to cowpea seed, wherein said seed soak is by following weight twice daily The raw material of part is mixed to get:80 parts of pure water, 0.8 part of gibberellin and 5 portions of konjaku flours;
Step 2), nursery
Choose the soil that surface 0.3m is all equipped with black earth earth, uniformly press 30kg/ mu and apply nutrition fertilizer, soil takes Multiple cave hole, 2 cowpea seed are thrown in each cave, and place the polyacrylamide particle of 30g;Then it is coated with excavation surface One layer of sawdust, sprays, toward sawdust surface, the lime aqueous solution that mass fraction is 1%, until the water content of sawdust reaches 45%, One layer of preservative film is laid on sawdust surface, pricks several through holes on preservative film surface;
After germinateing and seedling grows to 2cm, remove preservative film;
Step 3) field management
Treat that seedling grows to 15cm, bay, and in fine day noon or afternoon draws climing added;And spray a liquid in every 10 days Fertile;
Wherein, described nutrition fertilizer is obtained by following steps:
A, 10 parts of durian cores, 10 parts of mangosteen cores, 8 parts of lychee exocarps and 6 parts of mangosteen shells are taken to be pulverized and mixed by weight, Xiang Qi Middle 20 parts of water mixing of addition, are placed in sealing device, are passed through air thereto so that the pressure in sealing device reaches 0.7MPa, It is heated to 50 DEG C, keeps 12h, then carry out microwave treatment 2h with the microwave of frequency 1000MHz, filter, obtain filtrate and filter residue;
B, take 30 parts of apple skins, 25 parts of banana skins, 23 parts of pomelo peels and 20 parts of watermelon peels to pulverize by weight, and with step The filtrate mixing that rapid A obtains, making beating, obtain pericarp mixture, be laid on the panel of dry tack free, in pericarp mixture surface stamp Multiple holes, spray the first bio-fermentation agents toward in through hole, wherein, described first bio-fermentation agent and described pericarp mixture Weight compare 100:1, then spray the second bio-fermentation agents on pericarp mixture surface, obtain fermentate;
The filter residue mixing that C, the fermentate that step B is obtained and step A obtain, is dried, granulation.
The cowpea implantation methods of described raising cowpea quality, the particle diameter of described polyacrylamide particle is 2mm.
The cowpea implantation methods of described raising cowpea quality, described durian core, mangosteen core, lychee exocarp and mangosteen shell exist Using being front required to through disinfecting.
The cowpea implantation methods of described raising cowpea quality, described apple skin, banana skin, pomelo peel and watermelon peel exist Using being front required to through disinfecting.
The cowpea implantation methods of described raising cowpea quality, described Liquid Fertilizer is biological liquid fertilizer.
The cowpea implantation methods of described raising cowpea quality, prick multiple apertures on cowpea seed surface, specially:In cowpea Beans the surface of the seed pricks the aperture that multiple apertures are 1cm.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cowpea implantation methods improving cowpea quality, comprise the following steps:
Step 1), Seeds preprocess
Prick multiple apertures on cowpea seed surface, be placed in soaking 24h in seed soak, soak toward described seed every 6h It is passed through air in bubble liquid;After immersion finishes, pull cowpea seed out and dry, with the electric current of current strength 1.9A, cowpea seed is carried out 0.1S shock treatment, plays rock music 30min to cowpea seed, wherein said seed soak is by following weight twice daily The raw material of part is mixed to get:90 parts of pure water, 0.9 part of gibberellin and 5.5 portions of konjaku flours;
Step 2), nursery
Choose the soil that surface 0.3m is all equipped with black earth earth, uniformly press 30kg/ mu and apply nutrition fertilizer, soil takes Multiple cave hole, 2 cowpea seed are thrown in each cave, and place the polyacrylamide particle of 35g;Then it is coated with excavation surface One layer of sawdust, sprays, toward sawdust surface, the lime aqueous solution that mass fraction is 1%, until the water content of sawdust reaches 45%, One layer of preservative film is laid on sawdust surface, pricks several through holes on preservative film surface;
After germinateing and seedling grows to 2cm, remove preservative film;
Step 3) field management
Treat that seedling grows to 18cm, bay, and in fine day noon or afternoon draws climing added;And spray a liquid in every 10 days Fertile;
Wherein, described nutrition fertilizer is obtained by following steps:
A, 10 parts of durian cores, 10 parts of mangosteen cores, 8 parts of lychee exocarps and 6 parts of mangosteen shells are taken to be pulverized and mixed by weight, Xiang Qi Middle 20 parts of water mixing of addition, are placed in sealing device, are passed through air thereto so that the pressure in sealing device reaches 0.7MPa, It is heated to 50 DEG C, keeps 12h, then carry out microwave treatment 2h with the microwave of frequency 1000MHz, filter, obtain filtrate and filter residue;
B, take 30 parts of apple skins, 25 parts of banana skins, 23 parts of pomelo peels and 20 parts of watermelon peels to pulverize by weight, and with step The filtrate mixing that rapid A obtains, making beating, obtain pericarp mixture, be laid on the panel of dry tack free, in pericarp mixture surface stamp Multiple holes, spray the first bio-fermentation agents toward in through hole, wherein, described first bio-fermentation agent and described pericarp mixture Weight compare 100:1, then spray the second bio-fermentation agents on pericarp mixture surface, obtain fermentate;
The filter residue mixing that C, the fermentate that step B is obtained and step A obtain, is dried, granulation.
The cowpea implantation methods of described raising cowpea quality, the particle diameter of described polyacrylamide particle is 3mm.
The cowpea implantation methods of described raising cowpea quality, described durian core, mangosteen core, lychee exocarp and mangosteen shell exist Using being front required to through disinfecting.
The cowpea implantation methods of described raising cowpea quality, described apple skin, banana skin, pomelo peel and watermelon peel exist Using being front required to through disinfecting.
The cowpea implantation methods of described raising cowpea quality, described Liquid Fertilizer is biological liquid fertilizer.
The cowpea implantation methods of described raising cowpea quality, prick multiple apertures on cowpea seed surface, specially:In cowpea Beans the surface of the seed pricks the aperture that multiple apertures are 1cm.
Embodiment 3
A kind of cowpea implantation methods improving cowpea quality, comprise the following steps:
Step 1), Seeds preprocess
Prick multiple apertures on cowpea seed surface, be placed in soaking 24h in seed soak, soak toward described seed every 6h It is passed through air in bubble liquid;After immersion finishes, pull cowpea seed out and dry, with the electric current of current strength 2.0A, cowpea seed is carried out 0.1S shock treatment, plays rock music 30min to cowpea seed, wherein said seed soak is by following weight twice daily The raw material of part is mixed to get:100 parts of pure water, 1.0 parts of gibberellin and 6 portions of konjaku flours;
Step 2), nursery
Choose the soil that surface 0.3m is all equipped with black earth earth, uniformly press 30kg/ mu and apply nutrition fertilizer, soil takes Multiple cave hole, 3 cowpea seed are thrown in each cave, and place the polyacrylamide particle of 40g;Then it is coated with excavation surface One layer of sawdust, sprays, toward sawdust surface, the lime aqueous solution that mass fraction is 1%, until the water content of sawdust reaches 45%, One layer of preservative film is laid on sawdust surface, pricks several through holes on preservative film surface;
After germinateing and seedling grows to 2cm, remove preservative film;
Step 3) field management
Treat that seedling grows to 20cm, bay, and in fine day noon or afternoon draws climing added;And spray a liquid in every 10 days Fertile;
Wherein, described nutrition fertilizer is obtained by following steps:
A, 10 parts of durian cores, 10 parts of mangosteen cores, 8 parts of lychee exocarps and 6 parts of mangosteen shells are taken to be pulverized and mixed by weight, Xiang Qi Middle 20 parts of water mixing of addition, are placed in sealing device, are passed through air thereto so that the pressure in sealing device reaches 0.7MPa, It is heated to 50 DEG C, keeps 12h, then carry out microwave treatment 2h with the microwave of frequency 1000MHz, filter, obtain filtrate and filter residue;
B, take 30 parts of apple skins, 25 parts of banana skins, 23 parts of pomelo peels and 20 parts of watermelon peels to pulverize by weight, and with step The filtrate mixing that rapid A obtains, making beating, obtain pericarp mixture, be laid on the panel of dry tack free, in pericarp mixture surface stamp Multiple holes, spray the first bio-fermentation agents toward in through hole, wherein, described first bio-fermentation agent and described pericarp mixture Weight compare 100:1, then spray the second bio-fermentation agents on pericarp mixture surface, obtain fermentate;
The filter residue mixing that C, the fermentate that step B is obtained and step A obtain, is dried, granulation.
The cowpea implantation methods of described raising cowpea quality, the particle diameter of described polyacrylamide particle is 2~4mm.
The cowpea implantation methods of described raising cowpea quality, described durian core, mangosteen core, lychee exocarp and mangosteen shell exist Using being front required to through disinfecting.
The cowpea implantation methods of described raising cowpea quality, described apple skin, banana skin, pomelo peel and watermelon peel exist Using being front required to through disinfecting.
The cowpea implantation methods of described raising cowpea quality, described Liquid Fertilizer is biological liquid fertilizer.
The cowpea implantation methods of described raising cowpea quality, prick multiple apertures on cowpea seed surface, specially:In cowpea Beans the surface of the seed pricks the aperture that multiple apertures are 1cm.
Although embodiment of the present invention is disclosed as above, it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment With, it can be applied to various suitable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can be easily Realize other modification, therefore under the universal being limited without departing substantially from claim and equivalency range, the present invention does not limit In specific details with shown here as the embodiment with description.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of cowpea implantation methods improving cowpea quality are it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step 1), Seeds preprocess
Prick multiple apertures on cowpea seed surface, be placed in soaking 24h in seed soak, every 6h toward described seed soak In be passed through air;After immersion finishes, pull cowpea seed out and dry, with the electric current of current strength 1.8~2.0A, cowpea seed is entered Row 0.1S shock treatment, plays rock music 30min to cowpea seed, wherein said seed soak is by following heavy twice daily The raw material of amount part is mixed to get:80~100 parts of pure water, 0.8~1.0 part of gibberellin and 5~6 portions of konjaku flours;
Step 2), nursery
Choose the soil that surface 0.3m is all equipped with black earth earth, uniformly press 30kg/ mu and apply nutrition fertilizer, soil takes multiple Cave hole, 2~3 cowpea seed are thrown in each cave, and place the polyacrylamide particle of 30~40g;Then in excavation surface It is coated with one layer of sawdust, sprays, toward sawdust surface, the lime aqueous solution that mass fraction is 1%, until the water content of sawdust reaches 45%, lay one layer of preservative film on sawdust surface, prick several through holes on preservative film surface;
After germinateing and seedling grows to 2cm, remove preservative film;
Step 3) field management
Treat that seedling grows to 15~20cm, bay, and in fine day noon or afternoon draws climing added;And spray a liquid in every 10 days Fertile;
Wherein, described nutrition fertilizer is obtained by following steps:
A, take 10 parts of durian cores, 10 parts of mangosteen cores, 8 parts of lychee exocarps and 6 parts of mangosteen shells to be pulverized and mixed by weight, thereto plus Enter 20 parts of water mixing, be placed in sealing device, be passed through air thereto so that the pressure in sealing device reaches 0.7MPa, heating To 50 DEG C, keep 12h, then carry out microwave treatment 2h with the microwave of frequency 1000MHz, filter, obtain filtrate and filter residue;
B, take 30 parts of apple skins, 25 parts of banana skins, 23 parts of pomelo peels and 20 parts of watermelon peels to pulverize by weight, and with step A The filtrate mixing obtaining, making beating, obtain pericarp mixture, be laid on the panel of dry tack free, stab on pericarp mixture surface many Individual hole, sprays the first bio-fermentation agents toward in through hole, wherein, described first bio-fermentation agent and described pericarp mixture Weight compares 100:1, then spray the second bio-fermentation agents on pericarp mixture surface, obtain fermentate;
The filter residue mixing that C, the fermentate that step B is obtained and step A obtain, is dried, granulation.
2. the cowpea implantation methods improving cowpea quality as claimed in claim 1 are it is characterised in that described polyacrylamide The particle diameter of grain is 2~4mm.
3. the cowpea implantation methods improving cowpea quality as claimed in claim 1 are it is characterised in that described durian core, mangosteen Core, lychee exocarp and mangosteen shell are required to before use through disinfecting.
4. the cowpea implantation methods improving cowpea quality as claimed in claim 1 are it is characterised in that described apple skin, banana Skin, pomelo peel and watermelon peel are required to before use through disinfecting.
5. the cowpea implantation methods improving cowpea quality as claimed in claim 1 are it is characterised in that described Liquid Fertilizer is biology Liquid Fertilizer.
6. the cowpea implantation methods improving cowpea quality as claimed in claim 1 are it is characterised in that prick on cowpea seed surface Multiple apertures, specially:Prick the aperture that multiple apertures are 1cm on cowpea seed surface.
CN201610797531.7A 2016-08-31 2016-08-31 Cowpea planting method capable of improving quality of cowpea Pending CN106386112A (en)

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