CN106368004A - 一种前处理染色同浴法对棉纤维的冷轧堆加工方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种前处理染色同浴法对棉纤维的冷轧堆加工方法，其特征在于，包括：将原棉散纤维在浸渍液中浸轧，浸轧后室温堆置8～20h，70～80℃热水洗，皂洗，冷水洗，烘干；其中，所述的浸渍液含有活性染料10～80g/L，前处理助剂3～5g/L，助溶剂30～100g/L，碱剂5～18g/L以及硫酸钠20～50g/L；所述的碱剂为硅酸钠、碳酸钠、磷酸钠以及氢氧化钠中的一种或几种复配物。本发明冷轧堆处理工艺在常温下进行，配方简单，操作方便，无需对原棉单独进行前处理，通过助剂的加入实现前处理和染色同浴进行，节约成本，对纤维损伤小，手感好，染料利用率高，污水排放少，节能减排。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于棉散纤维染色领域，特别涉及一种前处理染色同浴处理棉散纤维的工艺。
背景技术
纯棉色纺纱是由两种或多种染色棉纤维经充分混合、牵伸、加捻而成的，其以“先散纤维染色、后混色纺纱”的加工方法，突破了传统纱线单一色彩的缺陷，创新性地研制出独特混色效果的单纱风格，技术含量较高。然而，对原棉散纤维直接染色的话，由于原棉本身含有纤维伴生物，润湿性较差，染色时染料的渗透性不好，从而影响染料的上染，得色不深且固色率不高。如果先对原棉散纤维进行常规前处理，再进行常规浸渍法染色，散棉纤维在高温下，强力受损，弹性下降，并且手感不好，影响后续的纺纱等工作，生产效率低，同时耗水耗能较多，不符合节能减排发展的方向。前处理助剂包括一些高效精炼剂、生物酶剂等，能够帮助去除纤维所含果胶等杂质，提高纤维的润湿性。冷轧堆染色工艺包括染料的吸附、扩散和固着，将织物在染液中浸渍短暂时间后，经轧辊轧压，将染液挤入纺织品的空隙中，浸轧后的织物在室温下打卷堆置很长一段时间，使染料能够充分从纤维表面吸附、扩散到纤维内部，并在碱剂的作用下与纤维发生固着反应。由于固色温度低，有利于提高固色效率。为了保证织物浸轧染液时的充分渗透，帮助纤维溶胀，染液中应加入适当助剂。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种原棉散纤维前处理和染色同浴处理的方法。该方法在常温下进行，配方简单，操作方便，无需对原棉单独进行前处理，通过助剂的加入实现前处理和染色同时进行，节约成本，对纤维损伤小，手感较好，染料利用率高，污水排放少，节能减排。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种前处理染色同浴法对棉纤维的冷轧堆加工方法，其特征在于，包括：将原棉散纤维在浸渍液中浸轧，浸轧后室温堆置8～20h，70～80℃热水洗，皂洗，冷水洗，烘干；其中，所述的浸渍液含有活性染料10～80g/L，前处理助剂3～5g/L，助溶剂30～100g/L，碱剂5～18g/L以及硫酸钠20～50g/L；所述的碱剂为硅酸钠、碳酸钠、磷酸钠以及氢氧化钠中的一种或几种复配物。
优选地，所述的前处理助剂为精炼渗透剂JFC和碱性果胶酶中的至少一种。
优选地，所述的助溶剂为尿素。
优选地，所述的原棉散纤维是经过梳理过的散棉纤维。
优选地，所述的浸轧的浸渍时间5～15min，轧液率80～120％，二浸二轧。
优选地，所述的室温堆置为在密封情况下堆置。
优选地，所述的皂洗的温度为95℃以下，采用2g/L皂洗剂，浴比1∶20，皂洗10min。
优选地，在配制所述的浸渍液时，碱剂最后加入。
本发明涉及一种前处理染色同浴处理棉散纤维的工艺，即按上述的组成在室温下配制浸轧液，均匀浸轧后室温堆置，水洗，烘干。
冷轧堆工艺处理中，配制的染液不仅包括染料和固色碱剂，还有一些助剂、助溶剂等。纤维在染液中浸渍短暂时间后，经轧辊轧压，将染液挤入，使得染料和助剂吸附在纤维表面；浸轧后的纤维在室温下堆置很长一段时间，助剂能够帮助去除纤维表面的果胶等杂质，染料能够充分从纤维表面吸附、扩散到纤维内部，并在碱剂的作用下与纤维发生固着反应，最后再进行水洗，去除表面浮色以及其他助剂、碱剂，提高水洗牢度。
助剂为精炼渗透剂JFC和碱性果胶酶，由于棉纤维未经过前处理，表面存在果胶和一些蜡质等杂质，加入助剂能够使原棉纤维迅速润湿，在碱剂的作用下对杂质有一定的分解作用，有利于染料的渗透、吸附；碱性果胶酶对纤维表面的果胶有一定的分解作用，加速纤维的润湿。
助溶剂为尿素，由于冷轧堆染色染料浓度较高，尿素对阴离子染料有解聚作用，使染料溶解度提高。同时又是良好的吸湿剂，能够增加纤维的溶胀。
固色碱剂一般为烧碱和硅酸钠的混合物，由于冷轧堆工艺是在低温条件下进行的，需要较强的固色碱剂，因此需加入烧碱类似的强碱；硅酸钠起稳定作用，刚开始时固色速率快，渗透性以及均匀性会下降，硅酸钠在其中起到一个缓冲的作用，使得初始固色速率减缓，染色性能有所提高。
浸轧是通过施加压力来加快染液和助剂的渗透，纤维带液率为100～150％，均匀浸轧对于纤维的匀染性很重要。若染液对纤维渗透不够，不应继续加大压力，而通过二浸二轧的方式帮助纤维均匀渗透。室温堆置时，应该用塑料薄膜包袱、密封，避免与空气接触，防止碱性条件下，空气中的氧气与纤维反应，损伤纤维。
堆置时间对染料的上染影响较大，时间不宜过短，否则染料对纤维的上染不充分，染料利用率低，随着时间的延长，上染率增加，但堆置时间过长，与棉纤维结合的染料发生水解的会越来越多，造成固色率降低，浮色增多，水洗牢度变差。因此堆置时间应该根据染料的反应性以及固色碱剂来确定。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
(1)本发明采用前处理和染色同浴冷轧堆工艺，助剂和染料的加入实现了前处理和染色同浴进行，不需要单独进行常规的精炼、漂白等一系列前处理工作，对棉散纤维损伤小；同时生产效率提高，节约成本。
(2)冷轧堆工艺在室温下进行，不像常规浸渍法染色需要加热，并且浴比小，耗能耗水少，节约资源，生态环保。
(3)冷轧堆染色时活性染料利用率高，得色深，固色率高，适用染料品种多，。水洗后排放的污水中染料含量少，减少了水污染，有利于生态环保。
(4)整个处理工艺过程方便，操作简单，直接对散纤维染色，能够实现色纺纱，突破传统纱线的单一色彩，有一定的经济效益。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
本发明所述的冷水为室温的水。以下实施例中的渗透剂JFC购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司。碱性果胶酶为Bioprep3000L碱性果胶酶(诺维信公司，酶活力3000U/mL)
实施例1
一种前处理染色同浴法对棉纤维的冷轧堆加工方法，具体步骤为：
称取梳理后的原棉散纤维2g，在浸渍液中浸轧，两次共浸渍十分钟，轧液率120％，二浸二轧，浸轧后用塑料薄膜包覆，在密封情况下室温堆置12h，先70～80℃热水洗，皂洗(商品级皂洗剂2g/L，浴比1∶20，温度95℃，时间10min)，再冷水洗，80-95℃烘干，得到染色棉纤维。
所述的浸渍液的配方为：活性黑KN-B(两个活性基)40g/L，尿素50g/L，硫酸钠30g/L，精炼渗透剂JFC 4g/L，碱性果胶酶2g/L，烧碱3g/L，硅酸钠15g/L。配制时，在室温下依次加入水中混合，搅拌均匀即可。
实施例2
一种前处理染色同浴法对棉纤维的冷轧堆加工方法，具体步骤为：
称取梳理后的原棉散纤维2g，在浸渍液中浸轧，两次共浸渍十分钟，轧液率120％，二浸二轧，浸轧后用塑料薄膜包覆，在密封情况下室温堆置12h，先70～80℃热水洗，皂洗(商品级皂洗剂2g/L，浴比1∶20，温度95℃，时间10min)，再冷水洗，80-95℃烘干，得到染色棉纤维。
所述的浸渍液的配方为：活性艳蓝KN-R20g/L，尿素50g/L，硫酸钠30g/L，精炼渗透剂JFC4g/L，碱性果胶酶2g/L，纯碱2g/L，硅酸钠10g/L。配制时，在室温下依次加入水中混合，搅拌均匀即可。
对实施例中的样品进行测试表征，测试项目、测试方法和测试结果如下：
测试项目和测试方法：
(1)纤维表面得色量：本实验采用Datacolor650测色配色仪测定染色纤维的表观得色量，用K/S值作指标。
(2)固色率：本实验采用尿素剥色法分别对固色前后的样品进行剥色，测量剥色后得溶液的吸光度以及剥色样品的质量，根据公式计算固色率F％。
(3)染色样的水洗牢度：本实验根据GB/T 3921-2008《纺织品色牢度试验耐皂洗色牢度》中的散纤维标准测定，用Datacolour650测色配色仪评级。
(4)纤维强力：本实验用XQ-2型单纤维强度仪测定，用相对强力表示。
测试结果如下：
将实施例1和2中样品进行各项测试，并与先经过前处理再进行染色的纤维样品进行比较分析，结果列于表1。
纤维前处理工艺：烧碱1.5g/L，硅酸钠2g/L，双氧水2g/L，亚硫酸钠1g/L，浴比1∶20，温度95℃，时间60min。
常规浸染工艺：处方包括染料10％(o.w.f)，硫酸钠50g/L，碳酸钠20g/L，浴比1∶50。工艺包括纤维润湿挤干后，待染浴温度上升至40℃，加入染料、纤维和一半的硫酸钠，15min后再加入另外一半硫酸钠继续上染，30min后，升温至60℃，加入碳酸钠，保温固色60min，染色后进行水洗，烘干。
常规冷轧堆工艺(纤维为前处理后的)：染液包括活性染料10～80g/L，尿素50g/L，硫酸钠30g/L，烧碱1-5g/L，硅酸钠3-8g/L，二浸二轧，轧液率为120％，保温堆置12h，水洗，烘干。
表一为实施例1和2以及对比样各个测试项目对比表征。
从表一中可以看出，未单独进行前处理的纤维，得色量以及固色率都能够达到常规前处理后再进行染色的效果，并且水洗牢度也很好，另外经过常规前处理后染色的纤维强力会有一定的损伤，而直接进行冷轧堆染色的纤维强力损伤较小。
Claims (8)
1.一种前处理染色同浴法对棉纤维的冷轧堆加工方法，其特征在于，包括：将原棉散纤维在浸渍液中浸轧，浸轧后室温堆置8～20h，70～80℃热水洗，皂洗，冷水洗，烘干；其中，所述的浸渍液含有活性染料10～80g/L，前处理助剂3～5g/L，助溶剂30～100g/L，碱剂5～18g/L以及硫酸钠20～50g/L；所述的碱剂为硅酸钠、碳酸钠、磷酸钠以及氢氧化钠中的一种或几种复配物。
2.如权利要求1所述的前处理染色同浴法对棉纤维的冷轧堆加工方法，其特征在于，所述的前处理助剂为精炼渗透剂和碱性果胶酶中的至少一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的前处理染色同浴法对棉纤维的冷轧堆加工方法，其特征在于，所述的助溶剂为尿素。
4.如权利要求1所述的前处理染色同浴法对棉纤维的冷轧堆加工方法，其特征在于，所述的原棉散纤维是经过梳理过的散棉纤维。
5.如权利要求1所述的前处理染色同浴法对棉纤维的冷轧堆加工方法，其特征在于，所述的浸轧的浸渍时间5～15min，轧液率80～120％，二浸二轧。
6.如权利要求1所述的前处理染色同浴法对棉纤维的冷轧堆加工方法，其特征在于，所述的室温堆置为在密封情况下堆置。
7.如权利要求1所述的前处理染色同浴法对棉纤维的冷轧堆加工方法，其特征在于，所述的皂洗的温度为95℃以下，采用2g/L皂洗剂，浴比1∶20，皂洗10min。
8.如权利要求1所述的前处理染色同浴法对棉纤维的冷轧堆加工方法，其特征在于，在配制所述的浸渍液时，碱剂最后加入。
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