CN106367164B - 一种石墨烯润滑油添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种石墨烯润滑油添加剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- IHCCLXNEEPMSIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1CCN(CC1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 IHCCLXNEEPMSIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种石墨烯润滑油添加剂，所述石墨烯润滑油由以下重量份数的原料组成：聚乙烯醇20‑30、烷基糖苷5‑10、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚5‑10、二甲基硅酮1‑3、粒径为20‑50nm的稀土元素1‑3、粒径为20‑50nm的Cu 4‑6、粒径为20‑50nm的SiO2 4‑6、石墨烯0.1‑1、2,6‑二叔丁基‑4‑甲基苯酚1‑3、苯并***1‑3、烷基苯磺酸钠3‑5、2‑巯基苯并噻唑3‑5、苯甲酸钠3‑5。将本发明润滑油添加剂添加到润滑油中，钝化金属对氧化反应的催化作用，抑制油品的氧化过程，从而增加润滑油抗氧化作用，起到延长润滑油使用寿命和保护机器的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种润滑油，具体涉及一种石墨烯润滑油添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
摩擦和磨损是众多领域遇到的最普遍的问题之一。摩擦和磨损损耗了大量能源，同时大量的材料和设备也因此而报废。随着科技的飞速发展以及机械制造技术的日益提高，出现了大量高速、重载的工作状态，从而对润滑油的高温承载能力以及减摩抗磨性能提出更高的要求。润滑油添加剂对于改善润滑油性能至关重要。
润滑油是用在各种类型机械上以上减少摩擦保护机械及加工件的液体润滑剂，主要起到减少摩擦、冷却、密封、缓冲、防锈、清洁和中和等作用。然而，由于润滑油大多用在高温、高压等恶劣的工作环境中使用，其原有的性能容易发生改变，甚至不再起到减少摩擦、冷却、密封、缓冲、防锈、清洁和中和等作用，致使每年有大约30％的机械运行能源消耗在摩擦上，80％的损坏设备是由磨损报废的。此外，由于润滑油在使用中与空气接触，而各种机械设备摩擦部位因摩擦而温度升高，再加上设备中的各种金属材质，如铜、铁等均会起催化作用加速油品的氧化变质，最终使润滑油粘度增加，生成酸性物质腐蚀金属材质，或产生各种炭状或沥青状沉淀物质如漆膜等堵塞管路，这些均对润滑油的继续使用和设备正常运行带来不利影响。因此，提高润滑油性能以减少设备摩擦之间的摩擦阻力，降低能耗、磨损和擦伤，降低氧化反应和设备腐蚀等对国民经济局域重要意义。为了提高润滑油的性能，人们往往在润滑油中添加一些具有改善基础油摩擦学性能。但随着工业的不断发展，机械性能的不断提高，其运行条件也越来越严厉，造成了更大的设备磨损和更多的能耗，在润滑油中添加普通的润滑油添加剂显然已经不能起到原有的相应作用了。
石墨烯具有超薄的片层结构(易进入摩擦接触面)、优异的力学性能和自润滑性，这些特性使其在润滑添加剂方面的应用研究受到关注，大量研究发现适量的石墨烯作为润滑添加剂不仅可以减少摩擦系数，而且能通过摩擦吸附膜的形式显著提高润滑剂的承载抗磨性能。但石墨烯在润滑油中容易产生团聚现象，从而影响了其在润滑油中的分散稳定性。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是石墨烯在润滑油中容易产生团聚现象，提供一种分散性能好的石墨烯润滑油添加剂。
本发明的技术方案是：一种石墨烯润滑油添加剂，所述石墨烯润滑油由以下重量份数的原料组成：聚乙烯醇20-30、烷基糖苷5-10、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚5-10、二甲基硅酮1-3、粒径为20-50nm的稀土元素1-3、粒径为20-50nm的Cu 4-6、粒径为20-50nm的SiO24-6、石墨烯0.1-1、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚1-3、苯并***1-3、烷基苯磺酸钠3-5、2-巯基苯并噻唑3-5、苯甲酸钠3-5。
所述稀土元素为镧、铈、钕中的至少一种。
所述的石墨烯润滑油添加剂的制备方法，其步骤如下：
(1)将稀土元素、Cu、SiO2经超声波振荡后，在30-60℃的条件下加热，得到纳米混合体；
(2)在超声波振荡条件下，在纳米混合体中加入石墨烯，得到含有石墨烯的纳米混合体；
(3)在搅拌条件下，在聚乙烯醇中加入烷基糖苷、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、二甲基硅酮，然后再加入纳米混合体，搅拌均匀后，加入含有石墨烯的纳米混合体，最后加入2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、苯并***、烷基苯磺酸钠、2-巯基苯并噻唑、苯甲酸钠，搅拌均匀，得到石墨烯润滑油添加剂。
所述步骤(1)或(2)中超声波振荡的条件为：超声波功率为800-1200W，发射频率为20-35kHz，时间为60-100分钟。
一种润滑油，所述润滑油中含有权利要求1或2中所述的石墨烯润滑油添加剂，所述石墨烯润滑油添加剂的质量分数为1-5％。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)将石墨烯在超声波震荡条件下加入纳米混合体中，增加石墨烯的分散性，加入含有石墨烯的纳米混合体增加石墨烯润滑油添加剂的分散性，使润滑油性质更稳定；
(2)加入烷基糖苷和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚，降低石墨烯润滑油的表面张力，增加石墨烯润滑油的湿润性和渗透性，延缓石墨烯润滑油的蒸发，长时间保持石墨烯润滑油的溶解状态；
(3)由于发动机在运转过程中，会无可避免的发生振动，从而使空气进入润滑油中产生一定的泡沫，加入二甲基硅酮起到消泡作用；
(4)2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚作为抗氧化剂使用，苯并***作为阻垢缓蚀剂，使石墨烯润滑油的pH控制在一定范围，不发生质变；
(5)烷基苯磺酸钠作为防锈剂，2-巯基苯并噻唑作为金属减活剂，使石墨烯润滑油防止生锈和腐蚀，保护发动机***的所有金属表面，包括铝制零件，不会损坏软管、垫圈等橡胶部件，同时，还能防止产生过多的泡沫，防止由于水的硬度所引起的钙镁沉淀；
(6)苯甲酸钠作为杀菌防霉剂，抑制微生物的的生长从而不让石墨烯润滑油不发霉变质。
本发明的润滑油添加剂与润滑油基础油相配性较强，能迅速渗入任何金属表面的微观空隙中，和金属分子结合形成固态润滑膜，修补其表面磨痕，最大限度的减少摩擦和磨损，减少机械运动负荷，降低运转温度，达到高效抗磨的功能；将本发明润滑油添加剂添加到润滑油中，可以改善烧机油、冒蓝烟等现象，强化汽缸壁增加密闭性，达到节能环保功能，减少尾气排放，响应国家提出的节能减排，保护环境的功效。将本发明润滑油添加剂添加到润滑油中，钝化金属对氧化反应的催化作用，抑制油品的氧化过程，从而增加润滑油抗氧化作用，起到延长润滑油使用寿命和保护机器的目的。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种石墨烯润滑油添加剂，配方如下：聚乙烯醇30g、烷基糖苷10g、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚10g、二甲基硅酮3g、粒径为20-50nm的镧3g、粒径为20-50nm的Cu 6g、粒径为20-50nm的SiO2 6g、石墨烯1g、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚3g、苯并***3g、烷基苯磺酸钠5g、2-巯基苯并噻唑5g、苯甲酸钠5g。
实施例2
一种石墨烯润滑油添加剂，配方如下：聚乙烯醇20g、烷基糖苷5g、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚5g、二甲基硅酮1g、粒径为20-50nm的钕3g、粒径为20-50nm的Cu 4g、粒径为20-50nm的SiO2 4g、石墨烯0.1g、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚1g、苯并***1g、烷基苯磺酸钠3g、2-巯基苯并噻唑3g、苯甲酸钠3g。
实施例3
一种石墨烯润滑油添加剂，配方如下：聚乙烯醇20g、烷基糖苷10g、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚5g、二甲基硅酮3g、粒径为20-50nm的钕1g、粒径为20-50nm的Cu 6g、粒径为20-50nm的SiO2 4g、石墨烯1g、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚1g、苯并***3g、烷基苯磺酸钠3g、2-巯基苯并噻唑5g、苯甲酸钠3g。
实施例4
一种石墨烯润滑油添加剂，配方如下：聚乙烯醇30g、烷基糖苷5g、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚10g、二甲基硅酮1g、粒径为20-50nm的镧3g、粒径为20-50nm的Cu 4g、粒径为20-50nm的SiO2 6g、石墨烯0.1g、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚3g、苯并***1g、烷基苯磺酸钠5g、2-巯基苯并噻唑3g、苯甲酸钠5g。
实施例5
一种石墨烯润滑油添加剂，配方如下：聚乙烯醇25g、烷基糖苷8g、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚8g、二甲基硅酮2g、粒径为20-50nm的铈2g、粒径为20-50nm的Cu 5g、粒径为20-50nm的SiO2 5g、石墨烯0.5g、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚2g、苯并***2g、烷基苯磺酸钠4g、2-巯基苯并噻唑4g、苯甲酸钠4g。
实施例6
一种石墨烯润滑油添加剂，配方如下：聚乙烯醇22g、烷基糖苷6g、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚8g、二甲基硅酮3g、粒径为20-50nm的镧、铈、钕1g、粒径为20-50nm的Cu 5g、粒径为20-50nm的SiO2 6g、石墨烯0.2g、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚3g、苯并***1g、烷基苯磺酸钠5g、2-巯基苯并噻唑4g、苯甲酸钠4g。
上述实施例1-6中，所述的石墨烯润滑油添加剂的制备方法，其步骤如下：
(1)将稀土元素、Cu、SiO2经超声波振荡后，在30-60℃的条件下加热，得到纳米混合体；
(2)在超声波振荡条件下，在纳米混合体中加入石墨烯，得到含有石墨烯的纳米混合体；
(3)在搅拌条件下，在聚乙烯醇中加入烷基糖苷、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、二甲基硅酮，然后再加入纳米混合体，搅拌均匀后，加入含有石墨烯的纳米混合体，最后加入2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、苯并***、烷基苯磺酸钠、2-巯基苯并噻唑、苯甲酸钠，搅拌均匀，得到石墨烯润滑油添加剂。
所述步骤(1)或(2)中超声波振荡的条件为：超声波功率为800-1200W，发射频率为20-35kHz，时间为60-100分钟。
表1实施例1-6性能
| 样品 | 添加量 | WSD(mm) | P<sub>B</sub>(N) | 防锈性 |
| 普通润滑油 | 0 | 0.8 | 350 | 黄色锈斑 |
| 实施例1 | 1 | 0.3 | 980 | 无锈斑 |
| 实施例2 | 1 | 0.3 | 960 | 无锈斑 |
| 实施例3 | 3 | 0.2 | 1200 | 无锈斑 |
| 实施例4 | 3 | 0.2 | 1300 | 无锈斑 |
| 实施例5 | 5 | 0.4 | 1160 | 无锈斑 |
| 实施例6 | 5 | 0.4 | 1180 | 无锈斑 |
采用四球摩擦磨损试验机评价含不同质量分数实施例1-6的润滑油添加剂的抗磨性能，所用钢球材质直径12.7mm，转速1450r/min，时间为30min，测量试球的磨斑直径(WSD)；参照国标GB/T12583-1998测定最大无卡咬负荷PB值来评价其极压承载性能；将铜片浸入各样品中，在35℃下试验48小时，进行抗氧性能，其结果如表1所示。
Claims (4)
1.一种石墨烯润滑油添加剂，其特征在于，所述石墨烯润滑油由以下重量份数的原料组成：聚乙烯醇20-30、烷基糖苷5-10、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚5-10、二甲基硅酮1-3、粒径为20-50nm的稀土元素1-3、粒径为20-50nm的Cu 4-6、粒径为20-50nm的SiO2 4-6、石墨烯0.1-1、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚1-3、苯并***1-3、烷基苯磺酸钠3-5、2-巯基苯并噻唑3-5、苯甲酸钠3-5，所述的石墨烯润滑油添加剂的制备方法，其步骤如下：
(1)将稀土元素、Cu、SiO2经超声波振荡后，在30-60℃的条件下加热，得到纳米混合体；
(2)在超声波振荡条件下，在纳米混合体中加入石墨烯，得到含有石墨烯的纳米混合体；
(3)在搅拌条件下，在聚乙烯醇中加入烷基糖苷、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、二甲基硅酮，然后再加入纳米混合体，搅拌均匀后，加入含有石墨烯的纳米混合体，最后加入2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、苯并***、烷基苯磺酸钠、2-巯基苯并噻唑、苯甲酸钠，搅拌均匀，得到石墨烯润滑油添加剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯润滑油添加剂，其特征在于：所述稀土元素为镧、铈、钕中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯润滑油添加剂，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)或(2)中超声波振荡的条件为：超声波功率为800-1200W，发射频率为20-35kHz，时间为60-100分钟。
4.一种润滑油，其特征在于：所述润滑油中含有权利要求1或2中所述的石墨烯润滑油添加剂，所述石墨烯润滑油添加剂的质量分数为1-5％。
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| CN104711077A (zh) * | 2013-12-13 | 2015-06-17 | 上海恒扬新能源科技发展有限公司 | 润滑油抗磨添加剂及其制备方法、应用 |
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